Editing 2022 in science (section)

==Events==
[[File:Academic papers by discipline (visualization of 2012–2021 OpenAlex data; v2).png|thumb|left|upright=1.5 |3 January: A free online index with [[metadata]] about over 200 million scientific documents is launched, OpenAlex.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh Chawla |first1=Dalmeet |title=Massive open index of scholarly papers launches |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00138-y |access-date=14 February 2022 |journal=Nature |date=24 January 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00138-y}}</ref><br/>The graphs [[:File:Academic papers by discipline (visualization of 2012–2021 OpenAlex data; v2).png|(full)]] show one visualization of recent developments of science overall [[metascience|based on this data]] (fewer papers may not be associated with decreasing success, priority, impact or activity).<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Alex Data Evolution |url=https://observablehq.com/@napsternxg/open-alex-data-evolution |website=observablehq.com |date=8 February 2022 |access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>]]

===January===
{{Main|January–March 2022 in science#January}}

===February===
{{Main|January–March 2022 in science#February}}

===March===
{{Main|January–March 2022 in science#March}}
{{clear}}

===April===

*1 April
**Biochemists report finishing the complete sequence of the [[human genome]].<ref name="SCI-20220401">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Altemose, Nicolas |display-authors=et al.|title=Complete genomic and epigenetic maps of human centromeres |date=1 April 2022 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=376 |issue=6588 |pages=eabl4178|doi=10.1126/science.abl4178 |pmid=35357911|pmc=9233505 |s2cid=247853627}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Nurk |first1=Sergey |last2=Koren |first2=Sergey |last3=Rhie |first3=Arang |last4=Rautiainen |first4=Mikko |display-authors=et al. |title=The complete sequence of a human genome |journal=Science |date=April 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6588 |pages=44–53 |doi=10.1126/science.abj6987|pmid=35357919 |pmc=9186530 |bibcode=2022Sci...376...44N |s2cid=247854936 |url=https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/71762/1/Sci_376-6588_44-531_2022%20.pdf }}</ref>
**A study shows that, contrary to widespread belief, body sizes of mammal extinction survivors of the [[Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event|dinosaur-times extinction event]] were the [[Evolutionary radiation#Examples|first to evolutionarily]] increase, with [[brain size]]s increasing <!--only (mostly)-->later in the [[Eocene]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Mammals' bodies outpaced their brains right after the dinosaurs died |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/mammal-big-bodies-small-brains-dinosaur-extinction-fossils |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=[[Science News]] |date=31 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bertrand |first1=Ornella C. |last2=Shelley |first2=Sarah L. |last3=Williamson |first3=Thomas E. |last4=Wible |first4=John R. |last5=Chester |first5=Stephen G. B. |last6=Flynn |first6=John J. |last7=Holbrook |first7=Luke T. |last8=Lyson |first8=Tyler R. |last9=Meng |first9=Jin |last10=Miller |first10=Ian M. |last11=Püschel |first11=Hans P. |last12=Smith |first12=Thierry |last13=Spaulding |first13=Michelle |last14=Tseng |first14=Z. Jack |last15=Brusatte |first15=Stephen L. |title=Brawn before brains in placental mammals after the end-Cretaceous extinction |journal=Science |date=April 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6588 |pages=80–85 |doi=10.1126/science.abl5584 |pmid=35357913 |bibcode=2022Sci...376...80B |s2cid=247853831 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl5584|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*4 April
**The [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (IPCC) releases the third and final part of its [[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report|Sixth Assessment Report]] on [[climate change]], warning that [[greenhouse gas emissions]] must peak before [[2025]] at the latest and decline 43% by [[2030]], in order to likely limit global warming to 1.5&nbsp;°C (2.7&nbsp;°F).<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=It's over for fossil fuels: IPCC spells out what's needed to avert climate disaster |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/04/its-over-for-fossil-fuels-ipcc-spells-out-whats-needed-to-avert-climate-disaster |website=The Guardian |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=4 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=The evidence is clear: the time for action is now. We can halve emissions by 2030. |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |website=IPCC |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=4 April 2022}}</ref>
**Researchers announce a new technique for accelerating the development of vaccines and other pharmaceutical products by up to a million times, using much smaller quantities based on [[DNA nanotechnology]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=A million times faster: DNA nanotechnology could speed up pharmaceutical development while minimizing costs |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-04-million-faster-dna-nanotechnology-pharmaceutical.html |website=Phys.org|date=4 April 2022 |access-date=5 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Malle |first1=Mette Galsgaard |last2=Löffler |first2=Philipp M. G. |last3=Bohr |first3=Søren S.-R. |last4=Sletfjerding |first4=Magnus Berg |last5=Risgaard |first5=Nikolaj Alexander |last6=Jensen |first6=Simon Bo |last7=Zhang |first7=Min |last8=Hedegård |first8=Per |last9=Vogel |first9=Stefan |last10=Hatzakis |first10=Nikos S. |title=Single-particle combinatorial multiplexed liposome fusion mediated by DNA |journal=Nature Chemistry |date=May 2022 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=558–565 |doi=10.1038/s41557-022-00912-5 |pmid=35379901 |bibcode=2022NatCh..14..558M |s2cid=247942781 |language=en |issn=1755-4349}}</ref>
**[[Alzheimer's disease#Research directions|Alzheimer's disease (AD) research]] progress:<br/>A study reports 42 new genes linked to an increased risk of AD.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Alzheimer's study finds 42 more genes linked to higher risk of disease |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/apr/04/alzheimers-study-finds-42-more-genes-linked-to-higher-risk-of-disease |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=4 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bellenguez |first1=Céline |last2=Küçükali |first2=Fahri |last3=Jansen |first3=Iris E. |last4=Kleineidam |first4=Luca |display-authors=et al. |title=New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias |journal=Nature Genetics |date=April 2022 |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=412–436 |doi=10.1038/s41588-022-01024-z |pmid=35379992 |pmc=9005347 |language=en |issn=1546-1718}}</ref> Researchers report a potential primary mechanism of sleep disturbance as an early-stage effect of neurodegenerative diseases.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Loss of neurons, not lack of sleep, makes Alzheimer's patients drowsy |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-loss-neurons-lack-alzheimer-patients.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=University of California, San Francisco |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Oh |first1=Jun Y. |last2=Walsh |first2=Christine M. |last3=Ranasinghe |first3=Kamalini |last4=Mladinov |first4=Mihovil |display-authors=et al. |title=Subcortical Neuronal Correlates of Sleep in Neurodegenerative Diseases |journal=JAMA Neurology |date=1 May 2022 |volume=79 |issue=5 |pages=498–508 |doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0429 |pmid=35377391 |pmc=8981071 |issn=2168-6149}}</ref> Researchers identify several genes associated with [[Brain development|changes in brain structure over lifetime]] and potential AD therapy-targets (5 Apr).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Genetic 'hotspots' that speed up and slow down brain aging could provide new targets for Alzheimer's drugs |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-genetic-hotspots-brain-aging-alzheimer.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=[[University of Southern California]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Brouwer |first1=Rachel M. |last2=Klein |first2=Marieke |last3=Grasby |first3=Katrina L. |last4=Schnack |first4=Hugo G. |display-authors=et al. |title=Genetic variants associated with longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan |journal=Nature Neuroscience |date=April 2022 |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=421–432 |doi=10.1038/s41593-022-01042-4 |pmid=35383335 |pmc=10040206 |s2cid=247977288 |language=en |issn=1546-1726 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359751868 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
[[File:Dark_Energy.jpg|thumb|5 April: A study suggests that if [[Dark energy#Quintessence|"quintessence" is an explanation for dark-energy]] and current data is true as well, [[Ultimate fate of the universe|the world may start to end]] within the next 100 My, during which [[Accelerating expansion of the universe|accelerating expansion of the Universe]] would inverse to contraction (a [[cyclic model]]).]]
*5 April
**[[COVID-19 pandemic]]: Preclinical data for a new vaccine developed at the [[Medical University of Vienna]] indicates it is effective against all [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2|SARS-CoV-2 variants]] known to date, including [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Study: Newly developed COVID vaccine from Austria could protect against omicron and other variants |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/948759 |website=EurekAlert!|date=5 April 2022 |access-date=5 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gattinger |first1=Pia |last2=Kratzer |first2=Bernhard |last3=Tulaeva |first3=Inna |last4=Niespodziana |first4=Katarzyna |last5=Ohradanova-Repic |first5=Anna |last6=Gebetsberger |first6=Laura |last7=Borochova |first7=Kristina |last8=Garner-Spitzer |first8=Erika |last9=Trapin |first9=Doris |last10=Hofer |first10=Gerhard |last11=Keller |first11=Walter |last12=Baumgartner |first12=Isabella |last13=Tancevski |first13=Ivan |last14=Khaitov |first14=Musa |last15=Karaulov |first15=Alexander |last16=Stockinger |first16=Hannes |last17=Wiedermann |first17=Ursula |last18=Pickl |first18=Winfried F.|last19=Valenta |first19=Rudolf |title=Vaccine based on folded RBD-PreS fusion protein with potential to induce sterilizing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants |journal=Allergy |date=15 April 2022 |volume=77 |issue=8 |pages=2431–2445 |doi=10.1111/all.15305 |pmid=35357709 |pmc=9111473 |language=en |issn=0105-4538}}</ref>
**A study presents a mechanism by which [[Dark energy#Quintessence|the hypothesized potential dark-energy-explaining quintessence]], if true, would smoothly cause the [[Accelerating expansion of the universe|accelerating expansion of the Universe]] to inverse to contraction, possibly within the [[cosmology|cosmic]] near-future (100 My) given current data. It concludes that [[Ultimate fate of the universe|its end-time scenario theory]] fits "naturally with [[cyclic model|cyclic cosmologies]] [(each a theory of cycles of [[Big Bounce|universe originations and ends]], rather than the theories of one [[Big Bang]] beginning of the Universe/[[multiverse]], to which authors were major contributors)] and recent conjectures about [[quantum gravity]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Predicting how soon the universe could collapse if dark energy has quintessence |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-universe-collapse-dark-energy-quintessence.html |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The universe could stop expanding 'remarkably soon', study suggests |url=https://www.livescience.com/end-cosmic-expansion |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=livescience.com |date=2 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Andrei |first1=Cosmin |last2=Ijjas |first2=Anna |last3=Steinhardt |first3=Paul J. |author-link3=Paul Steinhardt|title=Rapidly descending dark energy and the end of cosmic expansion |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=12 April 2022 |volume=119 |issue=15 |pages=e2200539119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2200539119 |pmid=35380902 |pmc=9169868 |arxiv=2201.07704 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11900539A |s2cid=247476377 |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>
[[File:Coast Impact.jpg|thumb|6 April: The first known dinosaur fossil linked to the actual day of the Chicxulub impact is reported.]]
* 6 April
**[[U.S. Space Command]], based on information collected from its [[planetary defense]] sensors, confirms the detection of the first known [[interstellar object]]. The purported interstellar meteorite, technically known as [[CNEOS 2014-01-08]], impacted Earth in 2014, and was determined, based on its [[hyperbolic trajectory]] and estimated initial [[Velocity|high velocity]], to be from beyond the [[Solar System]]. The 2014 meteorite was detected three years earlier than the more recent and widely known interstellar objects, [[{{okina}}Oumuamua]] in 2017 and  [[2I/Borisov]] in 2019.<ref name="ARX-20190604">{{cite arXiv |last1=Siraj |first1=Amir |last2=Loeb |first2=Abraham |author-link2=Avi Loeb |title=Discovery of a Meteor of Interstellar Origin |date=4 June 2019 |class=astro-ph.EP |eprint=1904.07224 }}</ref><ref name="TWR-20220406">{{#invoke:cite news ||author=[[United States Space Command]] |title=I had the pleasure of signing a memo with @ussfspoc's Chief Scientist, Dr. Mozer, to confirm that a previously-detected interstellar object was indeed an interstellar object, a confirmation that assisted the broader astronomical community. |url=https://twitter.com/US_SpaceCom/status/1511856370756177921 |date=6 April 2022 |work=[[Twitter]] |access-date=16 April 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20220415">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Roulette |first=Joey |title=Military Memo Deepens Possible Interstellar Meteor Mystery – The U.S. Space Command seemed to confirm a claim that a meteor from outside the solar system had entered Earth's atmosphere, but other scientists and NASA are still not convinced. (+ Comment) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/15/science/interstellar-meteor-debate.html#permid=117852708 |date=15 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=16 April 2022 }}</ref> Further related studies were reported on 1 September 2023.<ref name="SA20230901">{{cite news |last=McRae |first=Mike |title=Material Found in Ocean Is Not From This Solar System, Study Claims |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/material-found-in-ocean-is-not-from-this-solar-system-study-claims |date=1 September 2023 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20230901161613/https://www.sciencealert.com/material-found-in-ocean-is-not-from-this-solar-system-study-claims |archivedate=1 September 2023 |accessdate=1 September 2023 }}</ref><ref name="AXV-20230829">{{cite journal |author=Loeb, Avi |display-authors=et al. |authorlink=Avi Loeb |title=Discovery of Spherules of Likely Extrasolar Composition in the Pacific Ocean Site of the CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) Bolide |date=29 August 2023 |arxiv=2308.15623 }}</ref>
**The first known [[dinosaur]] [[fossil]] linked to the very day of the [[Chicxulub impact]] is reported by paleontologists at the [[Tanis (fossil site)|Tanis]] site in North Dakota.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Tanis: 'First dinosaur fossil linked to asteroid strike' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61013740 |website=BBC News|date=6 April 2022 |access-date=7 April 2022}}</ref>
**One science journalist reflects on the global management of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in relation to science, investigating [[Research question|the question]] "Why the [[WHO]] took two years to say [[Transmission of COVID-19|COVID is airborne]]"<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lewis |first1=Dyani |title=Why the WHO took two years to say COVID is airborne |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00925-7 |journal=Nature |access-date=13 May 2022 |pages=26–31 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00925-7 |date=6 April 2022|volume=604 |issue=7904 |pmid=35388203 |bibcode=2022Natur.604...26L |s2cid=248000902 }}</ref> – a finding hundreds of scientists reaffirmed in an [[open letter]] in July 2020<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Sealy |first1=Amanda |title=This powerful Covid-19 mitigation measure is invisible |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/10/health/covid-19-ventilation-matters-wellness/index.html |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=CNN}}</ref> – with one indication that this may be one valid major concern to many expert scientists being several writings published by news outlets.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Tufekci |first1=Zeynep |title=Opinion {{!}} Why Did It Take So Long to Accept the Facts About Covid? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/07/opinion/coronavirus-airborne-transmission.html |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=7 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The Biggest Mistake of the Pandemic Is Still Haunting Us |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-04-26/is-covid-spread-airborne-or-droplet-who-s-delay-still-muddles-precautions |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=Bloomberg.com |date=26 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
**A study decodes electrical [[Biocommunication (science)#Inter organismic communication|communication]] [[Plant to plant communication via mycorrhizal networks#Behavior and information transfer|between fungi]] into word-like [[semantics|components]] via spiking characteristics.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Mushrooms communicate with each other using up to 50 'words', scientist claims |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/apr/06/fungi-electrical-impulses-human-language-study |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=5 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study suggests mushrooms may talk to each other |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/dfw/news/study-suggests-mushrooms-may-talk-to-each-other/ |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Field |first1=Katie |title=Do mushrooms really use language to talk to each other? A fungi expert investigates |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-04-mushrooms-language-fungi-expert.html |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Adamatzky |first1=Andrew |title=Language of fungi derived from their electrical spiking activity |journal=Royal Society Open Science |year=2022 |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=211926 |doi=10.1098/rsos.211926|pmid=35425630 |pmc=8984380 |arxiv=2112.09907 |bibcode=2022RSOS....911926A }}</ref>
**Researchers demonstrate semi-automated testing for [[reproducibility]] ([[reproducibility crisis|which is lacking especially in cancer research]]) via extraction of statements about experimental results in, as of 2022 [[Semantic Web|non-semantic]], gene expression cancer research papers and subsequent testing with breast cancer cell lines via [[Laboratory robotics#Applications|robot scientist]] "[[Robot Scientist#Adam and Eve|Eve]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Roper |first1=Katherine |last2=Abdel-Rehim |first2=A. |last3=Hubbard |first3=Sonya |last4=Carpenter |first4=Martin |last5=Rzhetsky |first5=Andrey |last6=Soldatova |first6=Larisa |last7=King |first7=Ross D. |title=Testing the reproducibility and robustness of the cancer biology literature by robot |journal=Journal of the Royal Society Interface |year=2022 |volume=19 |issue=189 |pages=20210821 |doi=10.1098/rsif.2021.0821|pmid=35382578 |pmc=8984295 }}</ref>
[[File:Schizophyllum commune (Split gill) (33389628036).jpg|thumb|6 April: A study decodes electrical [[Biocommunication (science)#Inter organismic communication|communication]] [[Plant to plant communication via mycorrhizal networks#Behavior and information transfer|between fungi]] into word-like [[semantics|components]].]]
*7 April
**Astronomers report the discovery of [[HD1 (galaxy)|HD1]], considered to be the earliest and most [[List of the most distant astronomical objects|distant known galaxy]] yet identified in the [[observable universe]], located only about 330 million years after the [[Big Bang]] 13.8 billion years ago, a light-travel distance of 13.5 billion light-years from [[Earth]], and, due to the [[expansion of the universe]], a [[comoving distance|present proper distance]] of 33.4 billion light-years.<ref name="ST-20220407">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Carlisle |first=Camille M. |title=Are These The Most Distant Galaxies Yet Seen? - Two fuzzy red objects in the early universe may be galaxies shining at us from only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. |url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/are-these-the-most-distant-galaxies-yet-seen/ |date=7 April 2022 |work=[[Sky & Telescope]] |access-date=16 April 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20220407">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Astronomers Find What Might Be the Most Distant Galaxy Yet - Is the object a galaxy of primordial stars or a black hole knocking on the door of time? The Webb space telescope may help answer that question. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/07/science/astronomers-distant-galaxy.html |date=7 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=16 April 2022 }}</ref><ref name="MN-20220407">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Pacussi, Fabio |display-authors=et al. |title=Are the newly-discovered z ~ 13 drop-out sources starburst galaxies or quasars? |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/mnrasl/slac035/6564647 |date=7 April 2022 |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=514 |pages=L6–L10 |doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slac035 |access-date=7 April 2022 }}</ref><ref name="ARX-20220212">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Harikane, Yuichi |display-authors=et al. |title=A Search for H-Dropout Lyman Break Galaxies at z ~ 12–16  |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2 February 2022 |volume=929 |issue=1 |page=1 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac53a9 |arxiv=2112.09141 |bibcode=2022ApJ...929....1H |s2cid=246823511 }}</ref>
**Physicists from the [[Collider Detector at Fermilab]] determine the mass of the [[W and Z bosons|W boson]] with a precision of 0.01%. The result hints at a flaw in the [[Standard Model]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Aaltonen |first1=T. |last2=Amerio |first2=S. |last3=Amidei |first3=D. |date=7 April 2022 |title=High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector |url=https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.abk1781 |journal=Science |volume=376 |issue=6589 |pages=170–176 |doi=10.1126/science.abk1781|pmid=35389814 |bibcode=2022Sci...376..170C |hdl=11365/1200783 |s2cid=248025265 }}<br />News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Particle physics could be rewritten after shock W boson measurement |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2315418-particle-physics-could-be-rewritten-after-shock-w-boson-measurement/ |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref>
**A trial of estimated financial energy cost of [[refrigerator]]s alongside [[European Union energy label|EU energy-efficiency class (EEEC) labels]] online finds that the approach of [[label]]s involves a trade-off between [[Homo economicus|financial considerations]] and higher cost requirements in effort or time for the product-selection from the [[Overchoice|many]] available options which are often unlabelled and don't have any EEEC-requirement for being bought, used or sold within the EU.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Fadelli |first1=Ingrid |title=Adding energy cost information to energy-efficiency class labels could affect refrigerator purchases |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-05-adding-energy-energy-efficiency-class-affect.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=Tech Xplore |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=d'Adda |first1=Giovanna |last2=Gao |first2=Yu |last3=Tavoni |first3=Massimo |title=A randomized trial of energy cost information provision alongside energy-efficiency classes for refrigerator purchases |journal=Nature Energy |date=April 2022 |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=360–368 |doi=10.1038/s41560-022-01002-z |bibcode=2022NatEn...7..360D |s2cid=248033760 |language=en |issn=2058-7546}}</ref>
*8 April
**Bioresearchers demonstrate an [[in vitro]] method ({{tooltip|2=maturation phase transient reprogramming|MPTR}}) for [[rejuvenation]] (including the [[transcriptome]] and [[epigenome]]) [[Induced pluripotent stem cells|reprogramming]] in which [[fibroblast]] [[skin]] cells temporarily lose their cell identity.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Anti-ageing technique makes skin cells act 30 years younger |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2315485-anti-ageing-technique-makes-skin-cells-act-30-years-younger/ |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=[[New Scientist]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gill |first1=Diljeet |last2=Parry |first2=Aled |last3=Santos |first3=Fátima |last4=Okkenhaug |first4=Hanneke |last5=Todd |first5=Christopher D |last6=Hernando-Herraez |first6=Irene |last7=Stubbs |first7=Thomas M |last8=Milagre |first8=Inês |last9=Reik |first9=Wolf |title=Multi-omic rejuvenation of human cells by maturation phase transient reprogramming |journal=[[eLife]] |date=8 April 2022 |volume=11 |pages=e71624 |doi=10.7554/eLife.71624 |pmid=35390271 |pmc=9023058 |issn=2050-084X}}</ref>
**Researchers show [[air pollution]] in fast-growing tropical cities caused [[List of causes of death by rate|~0.5 million earlier deaths]] in 2018 with a substantial recent and [[Megacity#Air pollution|projected]] rise, proposing "regulatory action targeting emerging anthropogenic sources".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Tropical city air pollution led to 470,000 premature deaths in 2018 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2315496-tropical-city-air-pollution-led-to-470000-premature-deaths-in-2018/ |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vohra |first1=Karn |last2=Marais |first2=Eloise A. |last3=Bloss |first3=William J. |last4=Schwartz |first4=Joel |last5=Mickley |first5=Loretta J. |last6=Van Damme |first6=Martin |last7=Clarisse |first7=Lieven |last8=Coheur |first8=Pierre-F. |title=Rapid rise in premature mortality due to anthropogenic air pollution in fast-growing tropical cities from 2005 to 2018 |journal=Science Advances |date=8 April 2022 |volume=8 |issue=14 |pages=eabm4435 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abm4435 |pmid=35394832 |pmc=8993110 |bibcode=2022SciA....8M4435V |language=en |issn=2375-2548}}</ref>
*11 April &ndash; A study confirms [[antidepressant]] potential of [[psilocybin therapy]] protocols (which use the active ingredient in [[psilocybin mushrooms]]), providing [[fMRI]] data about a correlated likely major effect mechanism – [[Brain connectivity estimators|global increases in brain]] [[Large-scale brain network|network]] [[Functional integration (neurobiology)|integration]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Psychedelic frees up depressed brain, study shows |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-61070591 |first1=Philippa|last1=Roxby |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=BBC News |date=11 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Daws |first1=Richard E. |last2=Timmermann |first2=Christopher |last3=Giribaldi |first3=Bruna |last4=Sexton |first4=James D. |last5=Wall |first5=Matthew B. |last6=Erritzoe |first6=David |last7=Roseman |first7=Leor |last8=Nutt |first8=David |last9=Carhart-Harris |first9=Robin |title=Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression |journal=Nature Medicine |date=April 2022 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=844–851 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-01744-z |pmid=35411074 |s2cid=248099554 |language=en |issn=1546-170X}}</ref>
*12 April &ndash; [[Non-government reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine#Science and technology|Science]] and the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]:<br/>An editorial in a scientific journal reports that relevant areas of [[food system]] research are patchy and lack independent assessments.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=The war in Ukraine is exposing gaps in the world's food-systems research |journal=Nature |date=12 April 2022 |volume=604 |issue=7905 |pages=217–218 |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00994-8 |pmid=35414667 |bibcode=2022Natur.604..217. |s2cid=248129049 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00994-8 |access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> An editorial projects significant gender and age imbalance [[Population decline#Ukraine|in the population in Ukraine]] as a substantial problem if most refugees, as in other cases, do not return over time (4 Apr).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Matsuura |first1=Hiroaki |title=Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the future demographic crisis |journal=Biodemography and Social Biology |date=2 January 2022 |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1080/19485565.2022.2061524 |pmid=35379045 |s2cid=247953665 |issn=1948-5565}}</ref> A [[preprint]] reports impacts of the [[Energy in Ukraine#Grid synchronisation with Europe|Ukrainian power grid synchronization with Continental Europe]] (15 Apr).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Böttcher |first1=Philipp C. |last2=Gorjão |first2=Leonardo Rydin |last3=Beck |first3=Christian |last4=Jumar |first4=Richard |last5=Maass |first5=Heiko |last6=Hagenmeyer |first6=Veit |last7=Witthaut |first7=Dirk |last8=Schäfer |first8=Benjamin |title=Initial analysis of the impact of the Ukrainian power grid synchronization with Continental Europe |journal=Energy Advances |year=2023 |volume=2 |pages=91–97 |doi=10.1039/D2YA00150K |arxiv=2204.07508 |s2cid=248218805 }}</ref>
[[File:The growth of all tracked objects in space over time (space debris and satellites).png|thumb|22 April: A study outlines rationale for [[Satellite internet constellation#Space governance|space governance of satellites]]/[[space debris]] similar to terrestrial [[environmental regulation]]s.]]
*14 April
**[[GNz7q]], a distant [[starburst galaxy]], is reported as being a "missing link" between [[supermassive black holes]] and the evolution of [[quasars]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Missing-Link Black Hole Found Lurking in Plain Sight |url=https://www.nao.ac.jp/en/news/science/2022/20220414-subaru.html |website=National Astronomical Observatory of Japan|date=14 April 2022 |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Fujimoto |first1=S. |last2=Brammer |first2=G. B. |last3=Watson |first3=D. |last4=Magdis |first4=G. E. |last5=Kokorev |first5=V. |last6=Greve |first6=T. R. |last7=Toft |first7=S. |last8=Walter |first8=F. |last9=Valiante |first9=R. |last10=Ginolfi |first10=M. |last11=Schneider |first11=R. |last12=Valentino |first12=F. |last13=Colina |first13=L. |last14=Vestergaard |first14=M. |last15=Marques-Chaves |first15=R. |last16=Fynbo |first16=J. P. U. |last17=Krips |first17=M. |last18=Steinhardt |first18=C. L. |last19=Cortzen |first19=I. |last20=Rizzo |first20=F. |last21=Oesch |first21=P. A. |title=A dusty compact object bridging galaxies and quasars at cosmic dawn |journal=Nature |date=April 2022 |volume=604 |issue=7905 |pages=261–265 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04454-1 |pmid=35418632 |arxiv=2204.06393 |bibcode=2022Natur.604..261F |s2cid=248155482 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**A study describes the impact of climate change on the survival of [[cacti]]. It finds that 60% of species will experience a reduction in favourable climate by 2050–2070, with [[epiphytes]] having the greatest exposure to increased warming.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Elevated extinction risk of cacti under climate change |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-022-01130-0 |journal=Nature Plants|date=14 April 2022 |doi=10.1038/s41477-022-01130-0 |access-date=15 April 2022|last1=Pillet |first1=Michiel |last2=Goettsch |first2=Barbara |last3=Merow |first3=Cory |last4=Maitner |first4=Brian |last5=Feng |first5=Xiao |last6=Roehrdanz |first6=Patrick R. |last7=Enquist |first7=Brian J. |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=366–372 |pmid=35422081 |s2cid=248181430 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Even the Cactus May Not Be Safe From Climate Change |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/14/climate/cactus-climate-change.html |website=The New York Times|date=14 April 2022 |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>
**A [[preprint]] demonstrates how [[Backdoor (computing)|backdoors]] can be placed undetectably into classifying (e.g. posts as "spam" or well-visible "not spam") [[machine learning]] models which are often developed and/or trained by third parties. Parties can change the classification of any input, including in cases with types of [[algorithmic transparency|data/software transparency]], possibly including [[white-box testing|white-box access]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Machine-learning models vulnerable to undetectable backdoors |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/04/21/machine_learning_models_backdoors/ |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=[[The Register]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Undetectable Backdoors Plantable In Any Machine-Learning Algorithm |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/machine-learningbackdoor |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=[[IEEE Spectrum]] |date=10 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite arXiv|last1=Goldwasser |first1=Shafi |last2=Kim |first2=Michael P. |last3=Vaikuntanathan |first3=Vinod |last4=Zamir |first4=Or |title=Planting Undetectable Backdoors in Machine Learning Models |date=14 April 2022|class=cs.LG |eprint=2204.06974 }}</ref>
[[File:Global Carbon Budget Results - Fossil CO2 emissions charts.png|thumb|26 April: Results of the 'Global [[carbon budget|Carbon Budget]] 2021' pass [[peer-review]], showing problematic continuation of GHG emissions trends.<ref name="10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Friedlingstein |first1=Pierre |last2=Jones |first2=Matthew W. |last3=O'Sullivan |first3=Michael |display-authors=et al.  |title=Global Carbon Budget 2021 |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=26 April 2022|volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=1917–2005 |doi=10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022 |bibcode=2022ESSD...14.1917F |language=English |issn=1866-3508}}
* News report: {{cite news |title=Cut emissions "starting now" – Global Carbon Project experts |url=https://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/research/title_909259_en.html |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=[[University of Exeter]] |language=en}}</ref>]]
*16 April &ndash; A [[scientific review|review]] suggests that global prevalence of [[long COVID]] conditions after infection could be as high as 43%, with the most common symptoms being [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|fatigue]] and memory problems.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Nearly half of people infected with COVID-19 experienced some 'long COVID' symptoms, study finds |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-people-infected-covid-experienced-covid.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=[[University of Michigan]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chen |first1=Chen |last2=Haupert |first2=Spencer R. |last3=Zimmermann |first3=Lauren |last4=Shi |first4=Xu |last5=Fritsche |first5=Lars G. |last6=Mukherjee |first6=Bhramar |title=Global Prevalence of Post COVID-19 Condition or Long COVID: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |date=16 April 2022 |volume=226 |issue=9 |pages=1593–1607 |doi=10.1093/infdis/jiac136|pmid=35429399 |pmc=9047189 }}</ref>
*19 April &ndash; [[NASA]] publishes its ''[[Planetary Science Decadal Survey]]'' for 2023-2032. The future mission recommendations include a [[Uranus]] orbiter (the first visit to the planet since [[Uranus#Exploration|1986]]) and the [[Enceladus Orbilander]] (landing in the early 2050s).<ref>{{cite book |title=Origins, Worlds, and Life: A Decadal Strategy for Planetary Science and Astrobiology 2023-2032 |url=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26522/origins-worlds-and-life-a-decadal-strategy-for-planetary-science |website=National Academy of Sciences|date=19 April 2022 |publisher=National Academies Press |doi=10.17226/26522 |isbn=978-0-309-47578-5 |s2cid=248283239 |access-date=20 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Make Uranus mission your priority, Nasa told |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61155725 |website=BBC News|date=19 April 2022 |access-date=20 April 2022}}</ref>
*20 April
**[[Micronova]]e, a previously unknown class of thermonuclear explosions on the surface of [[white dwarfs]], are described for the first time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title='Micronova' explosions spotted on distant zombie stars |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/4/20/23032402/micronova-white-dwarf-stars-explosions-magnetic-fields-discovery |website=The Verge|date=20 April 2022 |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Scaringi |first1=S. |last2=Groot |first2=P. J. |last3=Knigge |first3=C. |last4=Bird |first4=A. J. |last5=Breedt |first5=E. |last6=Buckley |first6=D. a. H. |last7=Cavecchi |first7=Y. |last8=Degenaar |first8=N. D. |last9=de Martino |first9=D. |last10=Done |first10=C. |last11=Fratta |first11=M. |last12=Iłkiewicz |first12=K. |last13=Koerding |first13=E. |last14=Lasota |first14=J.-P. |last15=Littlefield |first15=C. |last16=Manara |first16=C. F. |last17=O'Brien |first17=M. |last18=Szkody |first18=P. |last19=Timmes |first19=F. X. |title=Localized thermonuclear bursts from accreting magnetic white dwarfs |journal=Nature |date=April 2022 |volume=604 |issue=7906 |pages=447–450 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04495-6 |pmid=35444319 |arxiv=2204.09070 |bibcode=2022Natur.604..447S |s2cid=248266728 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**A study shows that common single-use plastic products – such as [[Coffee cup#Paper|paper coffee cups]] that are lined with a thin plastic film inside – release trillions of [[microplastic]]s-nanoparticles per liter [[consumer protection|into water during normal use]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Take-out coffee cups may be shedding trillions of plastic nanoparticles, study says |url=https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2022/05/06/to-go-coffee-cups-trillions-plastic-nanoparticles/4821651596271/ |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=UPI |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zangmeister |first1=Christopher D. |last2=Radney |first2=James G. |last3=Benkstein |first3=Kurt D. |last4=Kalanyan |first4=Berc |title=Common Single-Use Consumer Plastic Products Release Trillions of Sub-100 nm Nanoparticles per Liter into Water during Normal Use |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |date=3 May 2022 |volume=56 |issue=9 |pages=5448–5455 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.1c06768 |pmid=35441513 |bibcode=2022EnST...56.5448Z |s2cid=248263169 |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.est.1c06768 |language=en |issn=0013-936X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*21 April &ndash; Researchers discover that humans are interrupting a 66-million-years-old feature of [[ecosystems]], the relationship between diet and body mass, by driving the [[Megafauna|largest vertebrate animals]] towards [[extinction]], which they suggest could have unpredictable consequences.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Cutting animals down to size could backfire on humans {{!}} UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology |url=https://www.ceh.ac.uk/cutting-animals-down-size-could-backfire-humans |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=www.ceh.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last= Druker |first=Simon |date=April 21, 2022|title=Study: Humans interrupting 66-million-year-old relationship among animals |url=https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2022/04/21/humans-interupting-66-million-year-relationship-eliminating-large-animals/7651650562988/ |work= UPI|location= |access-date=April 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cooke |first1=Rob |last2=Gearty |first2=William |display-authors=etal.|date=2022 |title=Anthropogenic disruptions to longstanding patterns of trophic-size structure in vertebrates |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-022-01726-x |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume= 6|issue= 6|pages= 684–692|doi=10.1038/s41559-022-01726-x |pmid=35449460 |s2cid=248323833 }}</ref>
*22 April
**The [[Large Hadron Collider]] recommences full operations, three years after being shut down for upgrades.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=LHC restarts|url=https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/large-hadron-collider-restarts|website=CERN|date=22 April 2022 |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref>
**Scientists suggest in a [[scientific paper|study]] that [[Satellite internet constellation#Space governance|space governance of satellites]]/[[space debris]] should regulate the current free [[Externality|externalization of true costs and risks]], with [[Orbital spaceflight|orbital space]] around the Earth being an "additional ecosystem" which should be subject to [[Space law|regulations]] as [[Environmental regulations|e.g. oceans on Earth]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Orbital space around Earth must be protected amid rise in satellites, say scientists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/apr/22/orbital-space-earth-protected-scientists-satellites |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=22 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lawrence |first1=Andy |last2=Rawls |first2=Meredith L. |last3=Jah |first3=Moriba |last4=Boley |first4=Aaron |last5=Di Vruno |first5=Federico |last6=Garrington |first6=Simon |last7=Kramer |first7=Michael |last8=Lawler |first8=Samantha |last9=Lowenthal |first9=James |last10=McDowell |first10=Jonathan |last11=McCaughrean |first11=Mark |title=The case for space environmentalism |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=April 2022 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=428–435 |doi=10.1038/s41550-022-01655-6 |arxiv=2204.10025 |bibcode=2022NatAs...6..428L |s2cid=248300127 |language=en |issn=2397-3366}}</ref>
**[[Cancer research]] progress:<br/>The largest study of whole cancer genomes reports 58 new [[mutational signatures]] and shows that for each organ "cancers have a limited number of common signatures and a long tail of rare signatures".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Largest study of whole genome sequencing data reveals 'treasure trove' of clues about causes of cancer |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-largest-genome-sequencing-reveals-treasure.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=University of Cambridge |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Degasperi |first1=Andrea |last2=Zou |first2=Xueqing |last3=Dias Amarante |first3=Tauanne |last4=Martinez-Martinez |first4=Andrea |display-authors=et al. |title=Substitution mutational signatures in whole-genome–sequenced cancers in the UK population |journal=Science |date=22 April 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6591 |pages=abl9283 |doi=10.1126/science.abl9283 |pmid=35949260 |pmc=7613262 |s2cid=248334490 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> A study reports presence of certain bacteria in the prostate and urine for aggressive forms of [[prostate cancer]], with [[cancer biomarker|biomarker]]- and therapeutic potentials being unclear (18 Apr).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Five types of bacteria linked to aggressive prostate cancer |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-bacteria-linked-aggressive-prostate-cancer.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=University of East Anglia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hurst |first1=Rachel |last2=Meader |first2=Emma |last3=Gihawi |first3=Abraham |last4=Rallapalli |first4=Ghanasyam |display-authors=et al. |title=Microbiomes of Urine and the Prostate Are Linked to Human Prostate Cancer Risk Groups |journal=European Urology Oncology |date=18 April 2022 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=412–419 |doi=10.1016/j.euo.2022.03.006 |pmid=35450835 |s2cid=248249618 |language=English |issn=2588-9311}}</ref>
*25 April
**[[Novel food]]s such as under-development<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Lebensmittel aus dem Labor könnten der Umwelt helfen |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/lebensmittel-aus-dem-labor-koennten-der-umwelt-helfen/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=16 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[cultured meat]], existing [[Microbial food cultures|microbial foods]] and [[Insects as food|ground-up insects]] are shown to have the potential to [[sustainable food|reduce environmental impacts]] by over 80% in a study.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Lab-grown meat and insects 'good for planet and health' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61182294 |website=BBC News|date=25 April 2022 |access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Incorporation of novel foods in European diets can reduce global warming potential, water use and land use by over 80% |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-022-00489-9 |journal=Nature Food|date=25 April 2022 |doi=10.1038/s43016-022-00489-9 |access-date=25 April 2022|last1=Mazac |first1=Rachel |last2=Meinilä |first2=Jelena |last3=Korkalo |first3=Liisa |last4=Järviö |first4=Natasha |last5=Jalava |first5=Mika |last6=Tuomisto |first6=Hanna L. |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=286–293 |pmid=37118200 |hdl=10138/348140 |s2cid=257158726 }}</ref>
**A [[scientific review|review]] about meat and [[Environmental impact of meat production|sustainability of food systems]], animal welfare, and healthy nutrition concludes that its consumption has to be reduced substantially for [[sustainable consumption]] and names broad potential measures such as "restrictions or fiscal mechanisms".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Meat consumption must fall by at least 75% for sustainable consumption, says study |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-04-meat-consumption-fall-sustainable.html |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=[[University of Bonn]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Parlasca |first1=Martin C. |last2=Qaim |first2=Matin |title=Meat Consumption and Sustainability |journal=Annual Review of Resource Economics |date=5 October 2022 |volume=14 |pages=17–41 |doi=10.1146/annurev-resource-111820-032340 |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-resource-111820-032340 |issn=1941-1340}}</ref>
**A new type of [[cell death]] 'erebosis' is reported<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Death in darkness: A new type of cell death discovered in fly guts |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-04-death-darkness-cell-guts.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=[[Riken]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ciesielski |first1=Hanna M. |last2=Nishida |first2=Hiroshi |last3=Takano |first3=Tomomi |last4=Fukuhara |first4=Aya |last5=Otani |first5=Tetsuhisa |last6=Ikegawa |first6=Yuko |last7=Okada |first7=Morihiro |last8=Nishimura |first8=Takashi |last9=Furuse |first9=Mikio |last10=Yoo |first10=Sa Kan |title=Erebosis, a new cell death mechanism during homeostatic turnover of gut enterocytes |journal=PLOS Biology |date=25 April 2022 |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=e3001586 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001586 |pmid=35468130 |pmc=9037934 |language=en |issn=1545-7885}}</ref> after copper-dependent cell death was first reported the previous month.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists discover a new kind of cell death linked to copper |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-03-scientists-kind-cell-death-linked.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tsvetkov |first1=Peter |last2=Coy |first2=Shannon |last3=Petrova |first3=Boryana |last4=Dreishpoon |first4=Margaret |last5=Verma |first5=Ana |last6=Abdusamad |first6=Mai |last7=Rossen |first7=Jordan |last8=Joesch-Cohen |first8=Lena |last9=Humeidi |first9=Ranad |last10=Spangler |first10=Ryan D. |last11=Eaton |first11=John K. |last12=Frenkel |first12=Evgeni |last13=Kocak |first13=Mustafa |last14=Corsello |first14=Steven M. |last15=Lutsenko |first15=Svetlana |last16=Kanarek |first16=Naama |last17=Santagata |first17=Sandro |last18=Golub |first18=Todd R. |title=Copper induces cell death by targeting lipoylated TCA cycle proteins |journal=Science |date=18 March 2022 |volume=375 |issue=6586 |pages=1254–1261 |doi=10.1126/science.abf0529 |pmid=35298263 |pmc=9273333 |bibcode=2022Sci...375.1254T |s2cid=247521088 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
*26 April
**Scientists report the detection of [[purine]] and [[pyrimidine]] [[nucleobase]]s in several [[meteorite]]s, including [[guanine]], [[adenine]], [[cytosine]], [[uracil]] and [[thymine]], and claim that such meteoritic nucleobases could serve as "building blocks of [[DNA]] and [[RNA]] on the [[early Earth]]".<ref name="NC-20220426">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Oba, Yasuhiro |display-authors=et al |title=Identifying the wide diversity of extraterrestrial purine and pyrimidine nucleobases in carbonaceous meteorites |date=26 April 2022 |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |volume=13 |number=2008 |page=2008 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-29612-x |pmid=35473908 |pmc=9042847 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.2008O }}<br/>News articles: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=All of the bases in DNA and RNA have now been found in meteorites |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/all-of-the-bases-in-dna-and-rna-have-now-been-found-in-meteorites |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=Science News |date=26 April 2022}}<br/>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Could key ingredients for life have arrived from space? Scientists say yes |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/key-ingredients-life-arrived-space-scientists-say-yes-rcna26400 |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>
**[[Global Carbon Project#Global Carbon Budget|The Global Carbon Budget 2021]] concludes that fossil {{CO2}} emissions rebounded by around +4.8% relative to 2020 emissions – returning to 2019 levels, identifies three major issues for improving reliable accuracy of monitoring, shows that China and India surpassed 2019 levels (by 5.7% and 3.2%) while the EU and the US stayed beneath 2019 levels (by 5.3% and 4.5%), quantifies various changes and trends, for the first time provides models' estimates that are linked to the official country [[Greenhouse gas inventory|GHG inventories]] reporting, and shows that the remaining [[carbon budget]] at 1. Jan 2022 for a 50% likelihood to [[climate change mitigation|limit global warming]] to 1.5&nbsp;°C is 120 GtC (420 Gt{{CO2}}) – or 11 years of 2021 emissions levels.<ref name="10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022"/>
**Scientists propose and preliminarily evaluate a likely transgressed [[planetary boundary]] for {{tooltip|2=terrestrial precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture|green water}} in the [[water cycle]], [[Ecohydrology|measured by root-zone soil moisture deviation from Holocene variability]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang-Erlandsson |first1=Lan |last2=Tobian |first2=Arne |last3=van der Ent |first3=Ruud J. |last4=Fetzer |first4=Ingo |last5=te Wierik |first5=Sofie |last6=Porkka |first6=Miina |last7=Staal |first7=Arie |last8=Jaramillo |first8=Fernando |last9=Dahlmann |first9=Heindriken |last10=Singh |first10=Chandrakant |last11=Greve |first11=Peter |last12=Gerten |first12=Dieter |last13=Keys |first13=Patrick W. |last14=Gleeson |first14=Tom |last15=Cornell |first15=Sarah E. |last16=Steffen |first16=Will |last17=Bai |first17=Xuemei |last18=Rockström |first18=Johan |title=A planetary boundary for green water |journal=Nature Reviews Earth & Environment |date=26 April 2022 |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=380–392 |doi=10.1038/s43017-022-00287-8 |bibcode=2022NRvEE...3..380W |s2cid=248386281 |url=https://rdcu.be/cL78K |language=en |issn=2662-138X}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=May 2022}} A study published one day earlier integrates "green water" along with "blue water" into an index to measure and project [[water scarcity]] in [[Effects of climate change on agriculture|agriculture]] [[Representative Concentration Pathway|for climate change scenarios]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Water scarcity predicted to worsen in more than 80% of croplands globally this century |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-scarcity-worsen-croplands-globally-century.html |access-date=16 May 2022 |work=[[American Geophysical Union]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Liu |first1=Xingcai |last2=Liu |first2=Wenfeng |last3=Tang |first3=Qiuhong |last4=Liu |first4=Bo |last5=Wada |first5=Yoshihide |last6=Yang |first6=Hong |title=Global Agricultural Water Scarcity Assessment Incorporating Blue and Green Water Availability Under Future Climate Change |journal=Earth's Future |date=April 2022 |volume=10 |issue=4 |doi=10.1029/2021EF002567|bibcode=2022EaFut..1002567L |s2cid=248398232 |url=https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag%3A24825 }}</ref>
*27 April
**A lineage of [[H3N8]] [[bird flu]] is found to infect humans for the first time, with a case reported in the [[Henan]] province of China.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=China detects first human case of H3N8 bird flu strain|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/27/first-human-case-h3n8-bird-flu-strain-china|website=The Guardian|date=27 April 2022 |access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=First Human Case of H3N8 Bird Flu Confirmed in China |url=https://sentientmedia.org/first-human-case-of-h3n8-bird-flu-confirmed-in-china/|website=Sentient Media|date=27 April 2022 |access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New strain of bird flu infects four-year-old boy |url=https://viva.org.uk/animals/new-strain-of-bird-flu-infects-four-year-old-boy/|website=Viva|date=27 April 2022 |access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref> Months earlier, [[2020–2022 H5N8 outbreak#2022 outbreaks|H5 strain]] bird flu viruses (HPAIv) have been detected in Canada and the US.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Resurgence of Bird Flu – Avian Influenza Virus – Raises Concern With Experts |url=https://scitechdaily.com/resurgence-of-bird-flu-avian-influenza-virus-raises-concern-with-experts/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |work=American Association for the Advancement of Science |date=10 May 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wille |first1=Michelle |last2=Barr |first2=Ian G. |title=Resurgence of avian influenza virus |journal=Science |date=29 April 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6592 |pages=459–460 |doi=10.1126/science.abo1232 |pmid=35471045 |bibcode=2022Sci...376..459W |s2cid=248390760 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo1232|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**A study extends [[IUCN Red List|global assessments of shares of species threatened by extinction]] with reptiles, which often play functional roles in their respective [[ecosystem]]s, indicating at least 21% are threatened [[Extinction#Modern extinctions|by extinction]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=One in five reptiles faces extinction in what would be a 'devastating' blow |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/27/one-in-five-reptiles-face-extinction-in-devastating-blow-to-biodiversity-aoe |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cox |first1=Neil |last2=Young |first2=Bruce E. |last3=Bowles |first3=Philip |display-authors=et al. |title=A global reptile assessment highlights shared conservation needs of tetrapods |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7909 |pages=285–290 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04664-7 |pmid=35477765 |pmc=9095493 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..285C |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> One day later, scientists quantify global and local [[sixth mass extinction|mass]] [[Effects of climate change on oceans|extinction risks of marine life from climate change]] and [[Conservation biology|conservation]] potentials.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Global heating risks most cataclysmic extinction of marine life in 250m years |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/28/global-warming-risks-cataclysmic-mass-extinction-marine-life |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Penn |first1=Justin L. |last2=Deutsch |first2=Curtis |title=Avoiding ocean mass extinction from climate warming |journal=Science |date=29 April 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6592 |pages=524–526 |doi=10.1126/science.abe9039 |pmid=35482875 |bibcode=2022Sci...376..524P |s2cid=248430574 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe9039 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**Researchers report routes for [[recycling]] 200 industrial [[Chemical waste|waste chemicals]] into important drugs and agrochemicals using a software for [[Drug design#Computer-aided drug design|computer-aided]] chemical synthesis design, helping enable "circular chemistry" as a potential area of a [[circular economy]]<!--, reducing disposal costs and hazards to the environment-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=A computer system that analyzes chemical waste and proposes ways to make new products from it |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-04-chemical-ways-products.html |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wołos |first1=Agnieszka |last2=Koszelewski |first2=Dominik |last3=Roszak |first3=Rafał |last4=Szymkuć |first4=Sara |last5=Moskal |first5=Martyna |last6=Ostaszewski |first6=Ryszard |last7=Herrera |first7=Brenden T. |last8=Maier |first8=Josef M. |last9=Brezicki |first9=Gordon |last10=Samuel |first10=Jonathon |last11=Lummiss |first11=Justin A. M. |last12=McQuade |first12=D. Tyler |last13=Rogers |first13=Luke |last14=Grzybowski |first14=Bartosz A. |title=Computer-designed repurposing of chemical wastes into drugs |journal=Nature |date=April 2022 |volume=604 |issue=7907 |pages=668–676 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04503-9 |pmid=35478240 |bibcode=2022Natur.604..668W |s2cid=248415772 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
*28 April
**A comprehensive [[scientific review|review]] reaffirms likely beneficial health effects with links to health/[[life extension]] of cycles of [[caloric restriction]] and [[intermittent fasting]] as well as reducing [[Meat#Health|meat consumption]] in humans. It identifies issues with contemporary [[nutrition science|nutrition research]] approaches, proposing a multi-pillar approach, and summarizes findings towards constructing – multi-system-considering and at least age-personalized dynamic – refined [[Healthy diet|longevity diets]] and proposes inclusion of such in standard [[preventive healthcare]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New article outlines the characteristics of a 'longevity diet': Review of research in animals and humans to identify how nutrition affects aging and healthy lifespan |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220428125433.htm |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=ScienceDaily |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Longo |first1=Valter D. |last2=Anderson |first2=Rozalyn M. |title=Nutrition, longevity and disease: From molecular mechanisms to interventions |journal=Cell |date=28 April 2022 |volume=185 |issue=9 |pages=1455–1470 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.002 |pmid=35487190 |pmc=9089818 |language=English |issn=0092-8674}}</ref>
**A company reports results of a [[phase 3 clinical trial]], indicating that [[tirzepatide]] could be used for substantial [[Anti-obesity medication|weight loss]] – possibly larger than the, as of 2022 also [[Medication costs|expensive]],<ref name="nyt-04-28"/> [[semaglutide]] approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] in 2021 – in [[obesity|obese people]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Obesity drug achieves average weight loss of 24 kg in clinical trial |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2318588-obesity-drug-achieves-average-weight-loss-of-24-kg-in-clinical-trial/ |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref name="nyt-04-28">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Kolata |first1=Gina |title=Patients Taking Experimental Obesity Drug Lost More Than 50 Pounds, Maker Claims |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/28/health/obesity-drug-eli-lilly-tirzepatide-wegovy.html |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=28 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Lilly's tirzepatide delivered up to 22.5% weight loss in adults with obesity or overweight in SURMOUNT-1 {{!}} Eli Lilly and Company |url=https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-tirzepatide-delivered-225-weight-loss-adults-obesity-or |website=investor.lilly.com |access-date=13 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=May 2022}}
**Researchers publish projections for interspecies viral sharing, that can lead to [[Spillover infection#Spillover zoonoses|novel viral spillovers]], due to ongoing [[Effects of climate change#Health|climate change-caused]] range-shifts of mammals (mostly bats) for use in efforts of [[pandemic prevention]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |title=Climate Change Will Accelerate Viral Spillovers, Study Finds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/28/science/climate-change-virus-spillover.html |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=28 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Carlson |first1=Colin J. |last2=Albery |first2=Gregory F. |last3=Merow |first3=Cory |last4=Trisos |first4=Christopher H. |last5=Zipfel |first5=Casey M. |last6=Eskew |first6=Evan A. |last7=Olival |first7=Kevin J. |last8=Ross |first8=Noam |last9=Bansal |first9=Shweta |title=Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk |journal=Nature |date=28 April 2022 |volume=607 |issue=7919 |pages=555–562 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04788-w |pmid=35483403 |bibcode=2022Natur.607..555C |language=en |issn=1476-4687 |biorxiv=10.1101/2020.01.24.918755|s2cid=248430532 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04788-w|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

===May===
[[File:EHT Saggitarius A black hole.tif|thumb|12 May: [[Sagittarius A*]], black hole in the center of the Milky Way, revealed by the Event Horizon Telescope team]]
*1 May
**A [[preprint]] indicates [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant#BA.1 and BA.2 differences|Omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5]] can cause a large share of <!--[[COVID-19#Immunity]]-->[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2#Reinfection|reinfection]]s, beyond the increase of reinfections caused by the Omicron lineage, even for people who [[Immunological memory|were infected]] by Omicron BA.1 due to increases in <!--[[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant#Immune evasion]]-->[[immune evasion]], especially for the [[COVID19 vaccine|unvaccinated]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How soon after catching COVID-19 can you get it again? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/health/2022-05-03/covid-19-reinfection-what-are-the-odds-of-catching-it-twice/101024180 |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=ABC News |date=2 May 2022 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Khan |first1=Khadija |last2=Karim |first2=Farina |last3=Ganga |first3=Yashica |last4=Bernstein |first4=Mallory |last5=Jule |first5=Zesuliwe |last6=Reedoy |first6=Kajal |last7=Cele |first7=Sandile |last8=Lustig |first8=Gila |last9=Amoako |first9=Daniel |last10=Wolter |first10=Nicole |last11=Samsunder |first11=Natasha |last12=Sivro |first12=Aida |last13=San |first13=James Emmanuel |last14=Giandhari |first14=Jennifer |last15=Tegally |first15=Houriiyah |last16=Pillay |first16=Sureshnee |last17=Naidoo |first17=Yeshnee |last18=Mazibuko |first18=Matilda |last19=Miya |first19=Yoliswa |last20=Ngcobo |first20=Nokuthula |last21=Manickchund |first21=Nithendra |last22=Magula |first22=Nombulelo |last23=Karim |first23=Quarraisha Abdool |last24=Gottberg |first24=Anne von |last25=Karim |first25=Salim S. Abdool |last26=Hanekom |first26=Willem |last27=Gosnell |first27=Bernadett I. |last28=Team |first28=Commit-Kzn |last29=Lessells |first29=Richard J. |last30=Oliveira |first30=Tulio de |last31=Moosa |first31=Mahomed-Yunus S. |last32=Sigal |first32=Alex |title=Omicron sub-lineages BA.4/BA.5 escape BA.1 infection elicited neutralizing immunity |website=medRxiv |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.22274477v1 |access-date=24 June 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.04.29.22274477 |date=1 May 2022|s2cid=248474643 }}</ref> On 18 May, a study shows that [[Immunity (medical)#Naturally acquired|immunity from an Omicron infection]] for unvaccinated and previously uninfected is weak "against non-Omicron [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2|variants]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Williams |first1=Sarah C. p |title='Natural immunity' from omicron is weak and limited, study finds |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-natural-immunity-omicron-weak-limited.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=Gladstone Institutes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Suryawanshi |first1=Rahul K. |last2=Chen |first2=Irene P. |last3=Ma |first3=Tongcui |last4=Syed |first4=Abdullah M. |last5=Brazer |first5=Noah |last6=Saldhi |first6=Prachi |last7=Simoneau |first7=Camille R. |last8=Ciling |first8=Alison |last9=Khalid |first9=Mir M. |last10=Sreekumar |first10=Bharath |last11=Chen |first11=Pei-Yi |last12=Kumar |first12=G. Renuka |last13=Montano |first13=Mauricio |last14=Gascon |first14=Ronne |last15=Tsou |first15=Chia-Lin |last16=Garcia-Knight |first16=Miguel A. |last17=Sotomayor-Gonzalez |first17=Alicia |last18=Servellita |first18=Venice |last19=Gliwa |first19=Amelia |last20=Nguyen |first20=Jenny |last21=Silva |first21=Ines |last22=Milbes |first22=Bilal |last23=Kojima |first23=Noah |last24=Hess |first24=Victoria |last25=Shacreaw |first25=Maria |last26=Lopez |first26=Lauren |last27=Brobeck |first27=Matthew |last28=Turner |first28=Fred |last29=Soveg |first29=Frank W. |last30=George |first30=Ashley F. |last31=Fang |first31=Xiaohui |last32=Maishan |first32=Mazharul |last33=Matthay |first33=Michael |last34=Morris |first34=Mary Kate |last35=Wadford |first35=Debra |last36=Hanson |first36=Carl |last37=Greene |first37=Warner C. |last38=Andino |first38=Raul |last39=Spraggon |first39=Lee |last40=Roan |first40=Nadia R. |last41=Chiu |first41=Charles Y. |last42=Doudna |first42=Jennifer A. |last43=Ott |first43=Melanie |title=Limited cross-variant immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron without vaccination |journal=Nature |date=18 May 2022 |volume=607 |issue=7918 |pages=351–355 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04865-0 |pmid=35584773 |pmc=9279157 |bibcode=2022Natur.607..351S |s2cid=248890159 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**A [[preprint]] suggests that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in or transmitted through the air are an unrecognized mechanism by which, transferred, [[passive immunity|passive immune protection]] occurs.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study suggests aerosol transmission of antibodies may contribute to host protection against SARS-CoV-2 |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220503/Study-suggests-aerosol-transmission-of-antibodies-may-contribute-to-host-protection-against-SARS-CoV-2.aspx |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=3 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kedl |first1=Ross M. |last2=Hsieh |first2=Elena |last3=Morrison |first3=Thomas E. |last4=Samayoa-Reyes |first4=Gabriela |last5=Flaherty |first5=Siobhan |last6=Jackson |first6=Conner L. |last7=Rochford |first7=Rosemary |title=Evidence for Aerosol Transfer of SARS-CoV2-specific Humoral Immunity |website=medRxiv |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.22274443v1.full-text |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.04.28.22274443 |date=1 May 2022|s2cid=248474649 }}</ref> However, if not sustained, protection from [[Herd immunity#Passive immunity|passive herd immunity is thought to wane over the course of weeks to months]].
*4 May
**NASA reports the [[sonification]] (converting astronomical data associated with [[Longitudinal wave|pressure waves]] into [[sound]]) of the [[black hole]] at the center of the [[Perseus Cluster|Perseus galaxy cluster]].<ref name="NASA-20220504">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Watzke |first1=Megan |last2=Porter |first2=Molly |last3=Mohon |first3=Lee |title=New NASA Black Hole Sonifications with a Remix |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/new-nasa-black-hole-sonifications-with-a-remix.html |date=4 May 2022 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=11 May 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20220507">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Hear the Weird Sounds of a Black Hole Singing - As part of an effort to "sonify" the cosmos, researchers have converted the pressure waves from a black hole into an audible ... something.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/07/science/space/astronomy-black-hole-sound.html  |date=7 May 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=11 May 2022 }}</ref>
**A single [[master gene]] that programs [[ear hair]] cells into either outer or inner ones is discovered, overcoming a major hurdle that had prevented the development of these cells to reverse [[hearing loss]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New Tool to Create Hearing Cells Lost in Aging |url=https://news.feinberg.northwestern.edu/2022/05/new-tool-to-create-hearing-cells-lost-in-aging/|website=Northwestern University|date=4 May 2022 |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=García-Añoveros |first1=Jaime |last2=Clancy |first2=John C. |last3=Foo |first3=Chuan Zhi |last4=García-Gómez |first4=Ignacio |last5=Zhou |first5=Yingjie |last6=Homma |first6=Kazuaki |last7=Cheatham |first7=Mary Ann |last8=Duggan |first8=Anne |title=Tbx2 is a master regulator of inner versus outer hair cell differentiation |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7909 |pages=298–303 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04668-3 |pmid=35508658 |pmc=9803360 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..298G |s2cid=248527577 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**A study complements [[life-cycle assessment]] studies, showing substantial [[deforestation]] reduction (56%) and [[climate change mitigation]] if only {{tooltip|2=(on a protein basis)|20%}} of per-capita beef [[Environmental impact of meat production|was replaced]] by [[microbial food cultures|microbial protein]] by 2050.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Swapping 20% of beef for microbial protein 'could halve deforestation' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/04/swapping-20-of-beef-for-quorn-could-halve-global-deforestation |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=4 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Humpenöder |first1=Florian |last2=Bodirsky |first2=Benjamin Leon |last3=Weindl |first3=Isabelle |last4=Lotze-Campen |first4=Hermann |last5=Linder |first5=Tomas |last6=Popp |first6=Alexander |title=Projected environmental benefits of replacing beef with microbial protein |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7908 |pages=90–96 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04629-w |pmid=35508780 |bibcode=2022Natur.605...90H |s2cid=248526001 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url=https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_27105_5/component/file_27634/27105oa.pdf }}</ref>
**A study suggests, using an epidemiological model<!-- (but not empirical data)-->, that by reducing the transferred [[viral load]], [[Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic|face masks against COVID19]] may be beneficial for [[variolation]] whereby "smaller infectious doses tend to yield milder infections, yet ultimately [[passive immunity|induce similar levels of immunity]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Hidden benefit: Facemasks may reduce severity of COVID-19 and pressure on health systems, researchers find |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-hidden-benefit-facemasks-severity-covid-.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=McMaster University |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Levine |first1=Zachary |last2=Earn |first2=David J. D. |title=Face masking and COVID-19: potential effects of variolation on transmission dynamics |journal=Journal of the Royal Society Interface |year=2022 |volume=19 |issue=190 |pages=20210781 |doi=10.1098/rsif.2021.0781|pmid=35506215 |pmc=9065959 }}</ref>
*5 May
**The monthly average [[Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere|carbon dioxide ({{CO2}}) level in Earth's atmosphere]] exceeds 420 [[Parts-per notation|parts per million]] (ppm) for the first time in [[Keeling Curve|recorded history]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Earth's {{CO2}} hits highest recorded level in human history |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/carbon-dioxide-record-co2-b2072614.html|website=The Independent|date=7 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide |url=https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html|website=NOAA|date=9 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref>
**A new approach to reverse of [[neuropathic pain]] is demonstrated in animals – a [[gene therapy]] for local [[transgene]]s encoding for (releasing) [[GABA]] which is effective for months at a time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Gene therapy shows promise in treating neuropathy from spinal cord injuries |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-gene-therapy-neuropathy-spinal-cord.html |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=University of California-San Diego |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tadokoro |first1=Takahiro |last2=Bravo-Hernandez |first2=Mariana |last3=Agashkov |first3=Kirill |last4=Kobayashi |first4=Yoshiomi |display-authors=et al. |title=Precision spinal gene delivery-induced functional switch in nociceptive neurons reverses neuropathic pain |journal=Molecular Therapy |date=May 2022 |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=2722–2745 |doi=10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.023|pmid=35524407 |pmc=9372322 |s2cid=248553626}}</ref>
**A study demonstrates that a 30% [[caloric restriction]] [[life extension|extended life spans]] of male [[C57BL/6J]] mice by 10% but when combined with daily [[intermittent fasting]] and eating during the most active time of the day it extended life span by 35%.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Cutting calories and eating at the right time of day leads to longer life in mice |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-calories-day-longer-life-mice.html |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=Howard Hughes Medical Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Acosta-Rodríguez |first1=Victoria |last2=Rijo-Ferreira |first2=Filipa |last3=Izumo |first3=Mariko |last4=Xu |first4=Pin |last5=Wight-Carter |first5=Mary |last6=Green |first6=Carla B. |last7=Takahashi |first7=Joseph S. |title=Circadian alignment of early onset caloric restriction promotes longevity in male C57BL/6J mice |journal=Science |date=10 June 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6598 |pages=1192–1202 |doi=10.1126/science.abk0297 |pmid=35511946 |pmc=9262309 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1192A |s2cid=248544027 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
[[File:Potential CO2 emissions from large fossil fuel projects 'carbon bombs' per country.jpg|thumb|12 May: Researchers identify the 425 biggest fossil fuel extraction projects globally, 40% of which haven't yet started extraction, that threaten [[climate change mitigation]] of global climate goals.]]
*6 May
**Scientists report the discovery of 830{{Non breaking hyphen}}million-year-old [[microorganism]]s in fluid inclusions within [[halite]] that may, [[List of longest-living organisms#Microorganisms|potentially, still be alive]]. According to the researchers, "This study has implications for the search for life in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial chemical sedimentary rocks."<ref name="SA-20220516">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Starr |first=Michelle |title=Potentially Alive 830-Million-Year-Old Organisms Found Trapped in Ancient Rock |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/830-million-year-old-microorganisms-found-trapped-in-australian-rock |date=16 May 2022 |work=[[ScienceAlert]] |access-date=17 May 2022 }}</ref><ref name="GEO-202200506">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Schreder-Gomes, Sara I. |display-authors=et al. |title=830-million-year-old microorganisms in primary fluid inclusions in halite |date=6 May 2022 |journal=[[Geology (journal)|Geology]] |volume=50 |issue=8 |pages=918–922 |doi=10.1130/G49957.1 |bibcode=2022Geo....50..918S |s2cid=248629125 }}</ref>
**Low [[butyrylcholinesterase]] specific activity is identified as a potential [[Biomarker (medicine)|biomarker]] for infants at risk for [[sudden infant death syndrome]] in a small [[Crowdfunding#Science|crowd-funded]] study<!-- which does not contain information about the risk factor of low birth weight-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=No, that study didn't find 'the cause of SIDS.' Experts explain. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/parenting/2022/05/23/cause-of-sids-study/ |access-date=23 June 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Harrington |first1=Carmel Therese |last2=Hafid |first2=Naz Al |last3=Waters |first3=Karen Ann |title=Butyrylcholinesterase is a potential biomarker for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome |journal=EBioMedicine |date=June 2022 |volume=80 |pages=104041 |doi=10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104041|pmid=35533499 |pmc=9092508 |s2cid=248645079 }}</ref>
*8 May &ndash; The UK's [[Met Office]] warns, with [[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]] affirmation,<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=WMO update: 50:50 chance of global temperature temporarily reaching 1.5&nbsp;°C threshold in next five years |url=https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-update-5050-chance-of-global-temperature-temporarily-reaching-15%C2%B0c-threshold |website=public.wmo.int |access-date=24 June 2022 |language=en |date=9 May 2022}}</ref> that the probability of [[Global temperature record|global average temperatures]] reaching [[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|1.5&nbsp;°C]] above pre-industrial levels over the next five years is now almost 50:50 (48%). It also predicts a more than 90% chance that a new record high will occur in at least one year from 2022 to 2026.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Climate change: 'Fifty-fifty chance' of breaching 1.5C warming limit |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61383391|website=BBC News|date=10 May 2022 |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Temporary breaching of 1.5C in next five years? |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/news/weather-and-climate/2022/decadal-forecast-2022|website=Met Office|date=8 May 2022 |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>
*9 May
**A study reports that declining numbers of the largest fish on Earth, the endangered [[whale shark]], may be linked to collisions [[Environmental impact of shipping|with large vessels]] in the global transport fleet.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Global shipping trade is killing whale sharks |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/05/14/whale-sharks-deaths-ships/ |access-date=28 June 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Womersley |first1=Freya C. |display-authors=etal |date=2022|title= Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world's largest fish, the whale shark |journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |doi=10.1073/pnas.2117440119|pmid=35533277 |volume=119 |issue=20 |pages=e2117440119 |pmc=9171791 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11917440W |hdl=10754/676739 |s2cid=248667747 }}</ref>
**News outlets report about the first global, interactive AI- and [[Earth observation satellite#Environmental monitoring|satellite monitoring]]-based, map and analysis of [[plastic waste]] sites<!-- which was first published in April 2022--> to help [[waste management|prevention]] of [[plastic pollution]], especially [[ocean pollution]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Frost |first1=Rosie |title=Plastic waste can now be found and monitored from space |url=https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/05/09/the-world-s-plastic-waste-has-been-mapped-from-space-for-the-first-time-ever |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=euronews |date=9 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Global Plastic Watch |url=https://globalplasticwatch.org/map |website=www.globalplasticwatch.org |access-date=24 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*10 May &ndash; A sixth [[Coral bleaching|mass bleaching event]] is recorded at the [[Great Barrier Reef]], with 91% of corals affected.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title='Devastating': 91% of reefs surveyed on Great Barrier Reef affected by coral bleaching in 2022 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/10/devastating-90-of-reefs-surveyed-on-great-barrier-reef-affected-by-coral-bleaching-in-2022|website=The Guardian|date=10 May 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Reef health |url=https://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/the-reef/reef-health|website=Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority|date=10 May 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022}}</ref>
[[File:Universe Antiuniverse model.png|thumb|18 May and 2 May: Two separate studies show how two [[Multiverse|twin-universe]] cosmological models could each explain specific open problems [[List of unsolved problems in physics|of physics]] or [[cosmology]].]]
*11 May
**A logic gate for computation at [[femtosecond]] timescales is demonstrated.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Laser bursts drive fastest-ever logic gates |url=https://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/laser-driven-logic-gates-petahertz-ultrafast-computers-522142/|website=[[University of Rochester]]|date=11 May 2022 |access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Boolakee |first1=Tobias |last2=Heide |first2=Christian |last3=Garzón-Ramírez |first3=Antonio |last4=Weber |first4=Heiko B. |last5=Franco |first5=Ignacio |last6=Hommelhoff |first6=Peter |title=Light-field control of real and virtual charge carriers |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7909 |pages=251–255 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04565-9 |pmid=35546189 |arxiv=2203.03509 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..251B |s2cid=247292038 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**A study shows that infusing the nourishing [[cerebrospinal fluid]] from around brain cells of young mice into [[brain aging|aged brains]] rejuvenates aspects of the brain, identifying [[FGF17]] as a key target for potential therapeutics such as [[Life extension#EndogenousCirculatingBiomolecules|of anti-aging]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Giving an old mouse cerebrospinal fluid from a young mouse improves its memory |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-mouse-cerebrospinal-fluid-young-memory.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Verjüngung der Gedächtnisleistung von alten Mäusen |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/verjuengung-der-gedaechtnisleistung-von-alten-maeusen/ |publisher=[[Science Media Centre#Other SMCs|Science Media Centre Germany]] |access-date=22 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Iram |first1=Tal |last2=Kern |first2=Fabian |last3=Kaur |first3=Achint |last4=Myneni |first4=Saket |last5=Morningstar |first5=Allison R. |last6=Shin |first6=Heather |last7=Garcia |first7=Miguel A. |last8=Yerra |first8=Lakshmi |last9=Palovics |first9=Robert |last10=Yang |first10=Andrew C. |last11=Hahn |first11=Oliver |last12=Lu |first12=Nannan |last13=Shuken |first13=Steven R. |last14=Haney |first14=Michael S. |last15=Lehallier |first15=Benoit |last16=Iyer |first16=Manasi |last17=Luo |first17=Jian |last18=Zetterberg |first18=Henrik |last19=Keller |first19=Andreas |last20=Zuchero |first20=J. Bradley |last21=Wyss-Coray |first21=Tony |title=Young CSF restores oligodendrogenesis and memory in aged mice via Fgf17 |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7910 |pages=509–515 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04722-0 |pmid=35545674 |pmc=9377328 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..509I |s2cid=248741220 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**Scientists close a missing link in the potential [[abiogenesis|origin of life]] from a [[RNA world]] – synergistic formation of [[peptide]]s and ever-longer [[RNA]]s or peptide-decorated RNA, leading to a [[protein]] world.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How life could have arisen on an 'RNA world' |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/how-life-could-have-arisen-rna-world |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=www.science.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Müller |first1=Felix |last2=Escobar |first2=Luis |last3=Xu |first3=Felix |last4=Węgrzyn |first4=Ewa |last5=Nainytė |first5=Milda |last6=Amatov |first6=Tynchtyk |last7=Chan |first7=Chun-Yin |last8=Pichler |first8=Alexander |last9=Carell |first9=Thomas |title=A prebiotically plausible scenario of an RNA–peptide world |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7909 |pages=279–284 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04676-3 |pmid=35546190 |pmc=9095488 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..279M |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**A study suggests that in [[Child development|children]] at age 8–12 during two years, time [[Digital media use and mental health#Impact on cognition|gaming or watching digital videos can be positively correlated]] with [[Cognitive development|measures intelligence]], albeit correlations with overall [[screen time]] (including social media, socializing and TV) were not investigated and 'time gaming' did not differentiate between categories of video games (e.g. shares of games' platform and [[List of video game genres|genre]])<!--, and digital videos did not differentiate between categories of videos-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Video games can boost children's intelligence: study |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-video-games-boost-children-intelligence.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=[[Karolinska Institutet]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sauce |first1=Bruno |last2=Liebherr |first2=Magnus |last3=Judd |first3=Nicholas |last4=Klingberg |first4=Torkel |title=The impact of digital media on children's intelligence while controlling for genetic differences in cognition and socioeconomic background |journal=Scientific Reports |date=11 May 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=7720 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-11341-2 |pmid=35545630 |pmc=9095723 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12.7720S |language=en |issn=2045-2322}}</ref>
*12 May
**[[Sagittarius A*]], the [[supermassive black hole]] at the center of the [[Milky Way|Milky Way galaxy]], is imaged for the first time by the [[Event Horizon Telescope]] team.<ref name="NYT-20220512">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Has the Milky Way's Black Hole Come to Light? - The Event Horizon Telescope reaches again for a glimpse of the "unseeable". |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/science/black-hole-photo.html |date=12 May 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=12 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Telescopes Get Extraordinary View of Milky Way's Black Hole - Teachable Moments |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2022/5/12/telescopes-get-extraordinary-view-of-milky-ways-black-hole/ |website=NASA/JPL Edu |access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>
**Researchers report that [[lunar soil]] has been used to [[Plants in space|grow plants]] for the first time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Moon soil used to grow plants for first time in breakthrough test |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61434295|website=BBC News|date=13 May 2022 |access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=A first: Scientists grow plants in soil from the moon |url=https://news.ufl.edu/2022/05/lunar-plants/|website=[[University of Florida]]|date=12 May 2022 |access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Paul |first1=Anna-Lisa |last2=Elardo |first2=Stephen M. |last3=Ferl |first3=Robert |title=Plants grown in Apollo lunar regolith present stress-associated transcriptomes that inform prospects for lunar exploration |journal=Communications Biology |date=12 May 2022 |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=382 |doi=10.1038/s42003-022-03334-8 |pmid=35552509 |pmc=9098553 |language=en |issn=2399-3642}}</ref>
**Researchers identify the 425 biggest fossil fuel extraction projects globally, of which 40% as of 2020 are new projects that haven't yet started extraction. They conclude that "defusing" these "carbon bombs" – worked on by only "few actors" to date – would be necessary for [[climate change mitigation]] of global climate goals.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kühne |first1=Kjell |last2=Bartsch |first2=Nils |last3=Tate |first3=Ryan Driskell |last4=Higson |first4=Julia |last5=Habet |first5=André |title="Carbon Bombs" - Mapping key fossil fuel projects |journal=Energy Policy |date=1 July 2022 |volume=166 |pages=112950 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112950 |s2cid=248756651 |language=en |issn=0301-4215}}
* News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Taylor |first1=Damian Carrington Matthew |title=Revealed: the 'carbon bombs' set to trigger catastrophic climate breakdown |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2022/may/11/fossil-fuel-carbon-bombs-climate-breakdown-oil-gas |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> On 17 May, a separate study finds that "staying within a 1.5 °C [[carbon budget]] (50% probability) implies leaving almost 40% of 'developed reserves' of [[fossil fuels]] unextracted".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Trout |first1=Kelly |last2=Muttitt |first2=Greg |last3=Lafleur |first3=Dimitri |last4=Van de Graaf |first4=Thijs |last5=Mendelevitch |first5=Roman |last6=Mei |first6=Lan |last7=Meinshausen |first7=Malte |title=Existing fossil fuel extraction would warm the world beyond 1.5 °C |journal=Environmental Research Letters |date=17 May 2022 |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=064010 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac6228 |bibcode=2022ERL....17f4010T |s2cid=248853320 |language=en |issn=1748-9326}}
* News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study warns nearly half of fossil fuel sites need to be shut down to avoid climate disaster |url=https://interestingengineering.com/fossil-fuel-sites-shut-down-avoid-climate-disaster |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Interesting Engineering}}</ref> On 26 May, a study calculates climate policies-induced future lost financial profits from global [[stranded asset|stranded]] [[Fossil fuel divestment|fossil-fuel]] [[asset]]s.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Semieniuk |first1=Gregor |last2=Holden |first2=Philip B. |last3=Mercure |first3=Jean-Francois |last4=Salas |first4=Pablo |last5=Pollitt |first5=Hector |last6=Jobson |first6=Katharine |last7=Vercoulen |first7=Pim |last8=Chewpreecha |first8=Unnada |last9=Edwards |first9=Neil R. |last10=Viñuales |first10=Jorge E. |title=Stranded fossil-fuel assets translate to major losses for investors in advanced economies |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=June 2022 |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=532–538 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01356-y |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..532S |s2cid=249069181 |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}
* News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=People in US and UK face huge financial hit if fossil fuels lose value, study shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/26/people-in-us-and-uk-face-huge-financial-hit-if-fossil-fuels-lose-value-study-shows |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=26 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*17 May
**Isotopically pure [[silicon-28]] [[nanowire]]s are shown to conduct heat 150% better than regular silicon, with potential for improved cooling of computer chips.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New silicon nanowires can really take the heat |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-silicon-nanowires.html|website=Phys.org|date=17 May 2022 |access-date=17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ci |first1=Penghong |last2=Sun |first2=Muhua |last3=Upadhyaya |first3=Meenakshi |last4=Song |first4=Houfu |last5=Jin |first5=Lei |last6=Sun |first6=Bo |last7=Jones |first7=Matthew R. |last8=Ager |first8=Joel W. |last9=Aksamija |first9=Zlatan |last10=Wu |first10=Junqiao |title=Giant Isotope Effect of Thermal Conductivity in Silicon Nanowires |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=23 February 2022 |volume=128 |issue=8 |pages=085901 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.085901|pmid=35275649 |bibcode=2022PhRvL.128h5901C |s2cid=247091546 }}</ref>
**According to reports, the partly-public [[2022 United States Congress hearings on UFOs]] may result in the UAP issue being approached more seriously, such as for a scientific public pursuit for answers and an increased interest from scientists. [[Ufology#Research|Known ongoing scientific research]] is conducted by non-profit groups of researchers that use or develop expensive equipment for new high-quality data<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=David |first1=Leonard |title=What's next for UFO studies after landmark congressional hearing? |url=https://www.space.com/future-ufo-research-after-congress-hearing |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Space.com |date=18 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=After Congress' first hearing on UFOs in 50 years, some scientists want to be let in on the investigation |url=https://news.yahoo.com/congress-first-hearing-ufos-50-204051516.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=news.yahoo.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Why some scientists want serious research into UFOs |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ufo-science-research-uap-congress-pentagon |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Science News |date=19 May 2022}}</ref> rather than analyzing or systematically organizing public data.
**A review concludes that, like in 2015, [[pollution]] ({{frac|3|4}} from [[air pollution]]) was responsible for [[List of causes of death by rate|9 million premature deaths]] in 2019 (one in six deaths). It concludes that little real [[progress]] against pollution can be identified and outlines needs for attention and action such as a "formal [[applied science|science]]–[[policy]] interface".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Dickie |first1=Gloria |title=Pollution killing 9 million people a year, Africa hardest hit - study |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/pollution-killing-9-million-people-year-africa-hardest-hit-study-2022-05-17/ |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=Reuters |date=18 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Fuller |first1=Richard |last2=Landrigan |first2=Philip J |last3=Balakrishnan |first3=Kalpana |last4=Bathan |first4=Glynda |last5=Bose-O'Reilly |first5=Stephan |last6=Brauer |first6=Michael |last7=Caravanos |first7=Jack |last8=Chiles |first8=Tom |last9=Cohen |first9=Aaron |last10=Corra |first10=Lilian |last11=Cropper |first11=Maureen |last12=Ferraro |first12=Greg |last13=Hanna |first13=Jill |last14=Hanrahan |first14=David |last15=Hu |first15=Howard |last16=Hunter |first16=David |last17=Janata |first17=Gloria |last18=Kupka |first18=Rachael |last19=Lanphear |first19=Bruce |last20=Lichtveld |first20=Maureen |last21=Martin |first21=Keith |last22=Mustapha |first22=Adetoun |last23=Sanchez-Triana |first23=Ernesto |last24=Sandilya |first24=Karti |last25=Schaefli |first25=Laura |last26=Shaw |first26=Joseph |last27=Seddon |first27=Jessica |last28=Suk |first28=William |last29=Téllez-Rojo |first29=Martha María |last30=Yan |first30=Chonghuai |title=Pollution and health: a progress update |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |date=June 2022 |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=e535–e547 |doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0|pmid=35594895 |s2cid=248905224 }}</ref>
**A [[clinical trial|trial]] shows that [[Urolithin A]] can improve muscle strength, [[Performance-enhancing substance|exercise performance]], and [[Biomarker (medicine)|biomarkers]] of [[mitochondria]]l health.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study: Daily intake of Urolithin A improves muscle strength by 12% after four months |url=https://www.news-medical.net/amp/news/20220517/Study-Daily-intake-of-Urolithin-A-improves-muscle-strength-by-1225-after-four-months.aspx |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Singh |first1=Anurag |last2=D'Amico |first2=Davide |last3=Andreux |first3=Pénélope A. |last4=Fouassier |first4=Andréane M. |last5=Blanco-Bose |first5=William |last6=Evans |first6=Mal |last7=Aebischer |first7=Patrick |last8=Auwerx |first8=Johan |last9=Rinsch |first9=Chris |title=Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |date=May 2022 |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=100633 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100633|pmid=35584623 |pmc=9133463 |s2cid=248877320 }}</ref>
*18 May
**NASA reports that the [[Voyager 1]] spacecraft, the farthest human-made object, is sending data that does not reflect what is happening on board with the antenna apparently remaining in its prescribed orientation to Earth.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Voyager is sending 'impossible data' back to Nasa from the edge of the Solar System |url=https://news.yahoo.com/voyager-sending-impossible-data-back-051015157.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=news.yahoo.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Engineers Investigating NASA's Voyager 1 Telemetry Data |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/engineers-investigating-nasas-voyager-1-telemetry-data |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref> On 17 June, it was reported that NASA is preparing to power down the two Voyager spacecraft in the hope of using the remaining power to extend their operation to about 2030.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Folger |first1=Tim |title=Record-Breaking Voyager Spacecraft Begin to Power Down |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/record-breaking-voyager-spacecraft-begin-to-power-down/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref>
**A study shows how a [[Multiverse#Twin-world models|Twin-world models]] cosmological model – already extensively studied to find out why gravity appears much weaker than other known forces – could explain the [[Hubble's law#Hubble tension|Hubble constant (H<sub>0</sub>) tension]] via interactions between the two worlds. The "mirror world" would contain copies of all existing fundamental particles.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Mirror world of dark particles could explain cosmic anomaly |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/mirror-world-of-dark-particles-could-explain-cosmic-anomaly/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Physics World |date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cyr-Racine |first1=Francis-Yan |last2=Ge |first2=Fei |last3=Knox |first3=Lloyd |title=Symmetry of Cosmological Observables, a Mirror World Dark Sector, and the Hubble Constant |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=18 May 2022 |volume=128 |issue=20 |pages=201301 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.201301|pmid=35657861 |arxiv=2107.13000 |bibcode=2022PhRvL.128t1301C |s2cid=248904936 }}</ref> On 2 May, another twin/pair-world or "bi-worlds" [[cosmology]] is shown to theoretically be able to solve the [[cosmological constant problem|cosmological constant (Λ) problem]], closely related to [[dark energy]]<!--while describing other important parts of physics-->: two interacting worlds with a large Λ each resulting in a small shared effective Λ.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Bedford |first1=Bailey |title=Bilayer graphene inspires two-universe cosmological model |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-bilayer-graphene-two-universe-cosmological.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Joint Quantum Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Parhizkar |first1=Alireza |last2=Galitski |first2=Victor |title=Strained bilayer graphene, emergent energy scales, and Moiré gravity |journal=Physical Review Research |date=2 May 2022 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=L022027 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L022027|arxiv=2108.04252 |bibcode=2022PhRvR...4b2027P |s2cid=236965490 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite arXiv |last1=Parhizkar |first1=Alireza |last2=Galitski |first2=Victor |date=2022 |title=Moiré Gravity and Cosmology |class=hep-th |eprint=2204.06574}}</ref> Previous similar models e.g. attempt to explain the baryon asymmetry – why there was more matter than antimatter at the beginning – [[Baryon asymmetry#Mirror anti-universe|with a mirror anti-universe]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Our universe has antimatter partner on the other side of the Big Bang, say physicists |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/our-universe-has-antimatter-partner-on-the-other-side-of-the-big-bang-say-physicists/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Physics World |date=3 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Letzter |first1=Rafi |title=Why some physicists really think there's a 'mirror universe' hiding in space-time |url=https://www.space.com/truth-behind-nasa-mirror-parallel-universe.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Space.com |date=23 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Boyle |first1=Latham |last2=Finn |first2=Kieran |last3=Turok |first3=Neil |title=CPT-Symmetric Universe |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=20 December 2018 |volume=121 |issue=25 |pages=251301 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.251301|pmid=30608856 |arxiv=1803.08928 |bibcode=2018PhRvL.121y1301B |s2cid=58638592 }}</ref>
[[File:Graphyne_v2.svg|thumb|21 May: [[Graphyne]] is synthesised for the first time.]]
*19 May 
**Scientists report that [[RNA]] was found to be formed spontaneously on prebiotic [[Volcanic glass|basalt lava glass]] which is presumed to have been abundantly available on the [[early Earth]].<ref name="PO-20220603">{{#invoke:cite news ||author=Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution |title=Scientists announce a breakthrough in determining life's origin on Earth—and maybe Mars |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-06-scientists-breakthrough-life-earthand-mars.html |date=3 June 2022 |work=[[Phys.org]] |access-date=3 June 2022 }}</ref><ref name="AST-20220519">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Jerome, Craig A. |display-authors=et al. |title=Catalytic Synthesis of Polyribonucleic Acid on Prebiotic Rock Glasses |date=19 May 2022 |journal=[[Astrobiology (journal)|Astrobiology]] |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=629–636 |doi=10.1089/ast.2022.0027 |pmid=35588195 |pmc=9233534 |bibcode=2022AsBio..22..629J |s2cid=248917871 }}</ref>
** The [[Southern yellow-billed hornbill|yellow-billed hornbill]] of [[southern Africa]], famous for its role in Disney's ''[[The Lion King]]'', is reported to be at risk of extinction due to rising temperatures in the region.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Climate crisis is driving cousins of The Lion King character to local extinction |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/952806|website=EurekAlert!|date=19 May 2022 |access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Colorful Bird Famously Featured in 'The Lion King' Nearly Going Extinct |url=https://www.newsweek.com/colorful-bird-famously-featured-lion-king-nearly-going-extinct-1708288|website=Newsweek|date=19 May 2022 |access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref>
** [[Boeing]] starts the one-week [[Boeing Orbital Flight Test 2|second uncrewed test flight]] of its [[Boeing Starliner|Starliner]] space capsule in advance of its [[Boeing Crewed Flight Test|first crewed test flight]] later in 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=Live coverage: SpaceX rocket, Starlink satellites launch from pad 39A – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/05/18/falcon-9-starlink-4-18-live-coverage/ |access-date=2022-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://starlinerupdates.com/starliner-oft-2-targeted-for-may-19/ |title=Starliner OFT-2 Targeted for May 19 |work=[[Boeing]] |date=14 April 2022 |access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref>
**A study estimates losses of 61 metals to help the development of [[circular economy]] strategies, showing that usespans of, often scarce, [[Technology-critical element|tech-critical metals]] are short.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Charpentier Poncelet |first1=Alexandre |last2=Helbig |first2=Christoph |last3=Loubet |first3=Philippe |last4=Beylot |first4=Antoine |last5=Muller |first5=Stéphanie |last6=Villeneuve |first6=Jacques |last7=Laratte |first7=Bertrand |last8=Thorenz |first8=Andrea |last9=Tuma |first9=Axel |last10=Sonnemann |first10=Guido |title=Losses and lifetimes of metals in the economy |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=19 May 2022 |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=717–726 |doi=10.1038/s41893-022-00895-8 |s2cid=248894322 |language=en |issn=2398-9629|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03702553/file/I2M-NS-Charpentier-2022.pdf }}</ref>
*20 May &ndash; Global warming is projected to substantially [[Effects of climate change on human health|erode sleep]] worldwide<!--, especially for residents from lower-income countries. The greatest increases of ambient temperatures were recorded at night.-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Global heating is cutting sleep across the world, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/20/global-heating-cutting-sleep-study-health-impacts |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=20 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Minor |first1=Kelton |last2=Bjerre-Nielsen |first2=Andreas |last3=Jonasdottir |first3=Sigga Svala |last4=Lehmann |first4=Sune |last5=Obradovich |first5=Nick |title=Rising temperatures erode human sleep globally |journal=One Earth |date=May 2022 |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=534–549 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.008|bibcode=2022OEart...5..534M |s2cid=248956215 }}</ref>
[[File:Monkeypox.jpg|thumb|21 May: The World Health Organization confirms a [[monkeypox]] outbreak in 12 non-endemic countries.]]
*21 May
**[[Graphyne]] is reported to be synthesised for the first time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Long-hypothesized 'next generation wonder material' created for first time |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-long-hypothesized-material.html|work=[[University of Colorado Boulder]]|date=21 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hu |first1=Yiming |last2=Wu |first2=Chenyu |last3=Pan |first3=Qingyan |last4=Jin |first4=Yinghua |last5=Lyu |first5=Rui |last6=Martinez |first6=Vikina |last7=Huang |first7=Shaofeng |last8=Wu |first8=Jingyi |last9=Wayment |first9=Lacey J. |last10=Clark |first10=Noel A. |last11=Raschke |first11=Markus B. |last12=Zhao |first12=Yingjie |last13=Zhang |first13=Wei |title=Synthesis of γ-graphyne using dynamic covalent chemistry |journal=Nature Synthesis |date=June 2022 |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=449–454 |doi=10.1038/s44160-022-00068-7 |bibcode=2022NatSy...1..449H |s2cid=248686420 |language=en |issn=2731-0582}}</ref>
**The [[World Health organization|WHO]] informs about the international [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]] in non-endemic countries<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385 |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> – an unprecedented number of cases detected outside of Africa<ref name="10.1038/d41586-022-01421-8">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kozlov |first1=Max |title=Monkeypox goes global: why scientists are on alert |journal=Nature |date=20 May 2022 |volume=606 |issue=7912 |pages=15–16 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01421-8|pmid=35595996 |bibcode=2022Natur.606...15K |s2cid=248947652 }}</ref> after the first of these cases was detected on 6 May.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON381 |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> On 24 May, the WHO states that the outbreak can be contained.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Rigby |first1=Jennifer |last2=Roy |first2=Mrinalika |title=WHO says monkeypox 'containable' as more govts start limited vaccinations |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/who-says-monkeypox-containable-convening-research-meeting-support-member-states-2022-05-24/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Reuters |date=24 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The main method used for the [[Pandemic prevention#Testing and containment|early containment]] is '[[ring vaccination]]' – vaccinating close contacts of positive cases via existing vaccines.<ref name="10.1038/d41586-022-01421-8"/><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Cox |first1=David |title=Monkeypox Can Be Contained—but Time Is Running Out |url=https://www.wired.com/story/monkeypox-can-be-contained-time-running-out/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |magazine=Wired}}</ref><!--An epidemiologist has noted that "even in areas where monkeypox occurs every day, it's still a relatively rare infection"-->
*23 May
**Researchers report that [[CRISPR-Cas9]] gene editing has [[Biofortification#Genetic modification|been used]] to [[Food fortification|boost]] [[vitamin D]] in [[tomatoes]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Gene-edited tomatoes could soon be sold in England |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61537610|work=BBC News|date=24 May 2022 |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title= Gene-edited tomatoes could be a new source of vitamin D |url=https://www.jic.ac.uk/press-release/gene-edited-tomatoes-could-be-a-new-source-of-vitamin-d/|work=[[John Innes Centre]]|date=23 May 2022 |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Li |first1=Jie |last2=Scarano |first2=Aurelia |last3=Gonzalez |first3=Nestor Mora |last4=D'Orso |first4=Fabio |last5=Yue |first5=Yajuan |last6=Nemeth |first6=Krisztian |last7=Saalbach |first7=Gerhard |last8=Hill |first8=Lionel |last9=de Oliveira Martins |first9=Carlo |last10=Moran |first10=Rolando |last11=Santino |first11=Angelo |last12=Martin |first12=Cathie |title=Biofortified tomatoes provide a new route to vitamin D sufficiency |journal=Nature Plants |date=June 2022 |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=611–616 |doi=10.1038/s41477-022-01154-6 |pmid=35606499 |pmc=9213236 |s2cid=249014331 |language=en |issn=2055-0278}}</ref>
**A study shows why decarbonization must be accompanied by strategies to reduce the levels of [[Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants#Short-lived climate pollutants|short-lived climate pollutants]] with near-term effects [[climate change mitigation|for climate goals]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Sharp cut in methane now could help avoid worst of climate crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/23/sharp-cut-methane-climate-crisis-carbon-dioxide-global-heating |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=23 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dreyfus |first1=Gabrielle B. |last2=Xu |first2=Yangyang |last3=Shindell |first3=Drew T. |last4=Zaelke |first4=Durwood |last5=Ramanathan |first5=Veerabhadran |title=Mitigating climate disruption in time: A self-consistent approach for avoiding both near-term and long-term global warming |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=23 May 2022 |volume=119 |issue=22 |pages=e2123536119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2123536119 |pmid=35605122 |pmc=9295773 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11923536D |s2cid=249014617 |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>
*24 May
**Scientists report the first [[3D bioprinting|3D-printed]] [[Cellular agriculture|lab-grown]] wood. It is unclear if it could ever be used on a commercial scale (e.g. with sufficient production efficiency and quality).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Brahambhatt |first1=Rupendra |title=Science Scientists can now grow wood in a lab without cutting a single tree |url=https://interestingengineering.com/lab-grown-wood |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=Interesting Engineering}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Beckwith |first1=Ashley L. |last2=Borenstein |first2=Jeffrey T. |last3=Velásquez-García |first3=Luis F. |title=Physical, mechanical, and microstructural characterization of novel, 3D-printed, tunable, lab-grown plant materials generated from Zinnia elegans cell cultures |journal=Materials Today |date=1 April 2022 |volume=54 |pages=27–41 |doi=10.1016/j.mattod.2022.02.012 |s2cid=247300299 |language=en |issn=1369-7021}}</ref>
**A [[CDC]] study based on [[electronic health record]]s shows that "one in five COVID-19 survivors aged 18–64 years and one in four survivors aged ≥65 years experienced at least one incident condition that might be attributable to previous COVID-19" or long COVID.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Belluck |first1=Pam |title=More than 1 in 5 adult Covid survivors in the U.S. may develop long Covid, a C.D.C. study suggests. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/24/health/long-covid-infections.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=25 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bull-Otterson |first1=Lara |title=Post–COVID Conditions Among Adult COVID-19 Survivors Aged 18–64 and ≥65 Years — United States, March 2020–November 2021 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=2022 |volume=71 |issue=21 |pages=713–717 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7121e1 |s2cid=249057133 |language=en-us |issn=0149-2195}}</ref> On 18 May, an analysis of private healthcare claims shows that of 78,252 patients diagnosed with '[[long COVID]]', 75.8% had not been hospitalized for COVID-19.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Belluck |first1=Pam |title=Over 75 Percent of Long Covid Patients Were Not Hospitalized for Initial Illness, Study Finds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/18/health/long-covid-hospitalization.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=18 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Patients Diagnosed with Post-COVID Conditions – An Analysis of Private Healthcare Claims Using the Official ICD-10 Diagnostic Code |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/media2.fairhealth.org/whitepaper/asset/Patients%20Diagnosed%20with%20Post-COVID%20Conditions%20-%20A%20FAIR%20Health%20White%20Paper.pdf |access-date=24 June 2022 |publisher=FAIR Health, Inc.}}</ref>
*25 May &ndash; The world's [[Microbotics#Design considerations|smallest remote-controlled walking robot]], measuring just half a millimetre wide, is demonstrated. Potential applications include the clearing of blocked [[arteries]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Tiny robotic crab is smallest-ever remote-controlled walking robot |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220525151741.htm|work=[[Northwestern University]]|date=25 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Han |first1=Mengdi |last2=Guo |first2=Xiaogang |last3=Chen |first3=Xuexian |last4=Liang |first4=Cunman |last5=Zhao |first5=Hangbo |last6=Zhang |first6=Qihui |last7=Bai |first7=Wubin |last8=Zhang |first8=Fan |last9=Wei |first9=Heming |last10=Wu |first10=Changsheng |last11=Cui |first11=Qinghong |last12=Yao |first12=Shenglian |last13=Sun |first13=Bohan |last14=Yang |first14=Yiyuan |last15=Yang |first15=Quansan |last16=Ma |first16=Yuhang |last17=Xue |first17=Zhaoguo |last18=Kwak |first18=Jean Won |last19=Jin |first19=Tianqi |last20=Tu |first20=Qing |last21=Song |first21=Enming |last22=Tian |first22=Ziao |last23=Mei |first23=Yongfeng |last24=Fang |first24=Daining |last25=Zhang |first25=Haixia |last26=Huang |first26=Yonggang |last27=Zhang |first27=Yihui |last28=Rogers |first28=John A. |title=Submillimeter-scale multimaterial terrestrial robots |journal=Science Robotics |date=25 May 2022 |volume=7 |issue=66 |pages=eabn0602 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abn0602 |pmid=35613299 |s2cid=249064902 |language=en |issn=2470-9476}}</ref>
*26 May &ndash; A [[climate change]] study reveals that storms in the [[Southern Hemisphere]] have already [[Effects of climate change#Tropical cyclones and storms|reached intensity levels]] previously predicted to occur only in the year [[2080]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Harder Winters, Stronger Storms: New Data Reveals Climate Change Might Be More Rapid than Predicted |url=https://www.weizmann-usa.org/news-media/news-releases/harder-winters-stronger-storms-new-data-reveals-climate-change-might-be-more-rapid-than-predicted/|work=[[Weizmann Institute of Science]]|date=26 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chemke |first1=Rei |last2=Ming |first2=Yi |last3=Yuval |first3=Janni |title=The intensification of winter mid-latitude storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=June 2022 |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=553–557 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01368-8 |arxiv=2201.10413 |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..553C |s2cid=249069023 |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}</ref>
[[File:Frontier_Supercomputer_(2).jpg|thumb|30 May: [[Frontier (supercomputer)|Frontier]] is confirmed as the world's first exascale supercomputer.]]
*27 May
**A new compact [[CRISPR gene editing#Alternatives to Cas9|CRISPR gene editing tool]] better suited for therapeutic (temporary) [[RNA editing]] than Cas13 is reported, Cas7-11,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Williams |first1=Sarah |title=Neuroscientists expand CRISPR toolkit with new, compact Cas7-11 enzyme |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-neuroscientists-crispr-toolkit-compact-cas7-.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kato |first1=Kazuki |last2=Zhou |first2=Wenyuan |last3=Okazaki |first3=Sae |last4=Isayama |first4=Yukari |last5=Nishizawa |first5=Tomohiro |last6=Gootenberg |first6=Jonathan S. |last7=Abudayyeh |first7=Omar O. |last8=Nishimasu |first8=Hiroshi |title=Structure and engineering of the type III-E CRISPR-Cas7-11 effector complex |journal=Cell |date=May 2022 |volume=185 |issue=13 |pages=2324–2337.e16 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.003|pmid=35643083 |s2cid=249103058 }}</ref> – of which an early version was used for ''[[in vitro]]'' editing in 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Özcan |first1=Ahsen |last2=Krajeski |first2=Rohan |last3=Ioannidi |first3=Eleonora |last4=Lee |first4=Brennan |last5=Gardner |first5=Apolonia |last6=Makarova |first6=Kira S. |last7=Koonin |first7=Eugene V. |last8=Abudayyeh |first8=Omar O. |last9=Gootenberg |first9=Jonathan S. |title=Programmable RNA targeting with the single-protein CRISPR effector Cas7-11 |journal=Nature |date=September 2021 |volume=597 |issue=7878 |pages=720–725 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03886-5 |pmid=34489594 |bibcode=2021Natur.597..720O |s2cid=237432753 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**[[Non-government reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine#Science and technology|Science]] and the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]:<br/>According to a news report academics in Russia are compiling or circulating a list of researchers who have supported Russia's invasion to prevent them from being elected to the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Chawla |first1=Dalmeet Singh |title=Russian Academics Aim to Punish Colleagues Who Backed Ukraine Invasion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/27/science/russia-ukraine-science-academy.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=27 May 2022}}</ref> An editorial published in a journal notes that [[remote surgery]] and [[telehealth|types of videoconferencing]] for sharing expertise (e.g. [[ad hoc]] assistance) have been and could be used to support doctors in Ukraine (3 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Best |first1=Jo |title=From Ukraine to remote robotics: how videoconferencing and next generation technology are transforming surgery |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/377/bmj.o1078 |journal=BMJ |access-date=24 June 2022 |pages=o1078 |language=en |doi=10.1136/bmj.o1078 |date=3 May 2022|volume=377 |pmid=35504650 |s2cid=248497139 }}</ref> A forum contribution analyzes Russian users' reactions to the [[Bucha massacre]] on social media – on nationalist [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]] channels (9 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Garner |first1=Ian |title="We've Got to Kill Them": Responses to Bucha on Russian Social Media Groups |journal=Journal of Genocide Research |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1080/14623528.2022.2074020 |date=9 May 2022|s2cid=248680376 }}</ref> The [[FAO]] estimates that "at least 20 percent of Ukraine's winter crops" "[[2022 food crises#Russian invasion of Ukraine|may not be harvested or planted]]" (13 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Ukraine: Humanitarian response update |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0120en |website=www.fao.org |access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref> A [[preprint]] estimates potential impacts of the EU [[International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War|embargoing fossil fuels from Russia]], suggesting implementing such via a partial embargo with [[tariff]]s may be beneficial (25 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Carbon emissions and economic impact of EU's embargoing Russian fossil fuels |url=https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1683339/v1 |website=www.researchsquare.com |language=en |date=25 May 2022|doi=10.21203/rs.3.rs-1683339/v1 |last1=Liu |first1=Lijing |last2=Jiang |first2=Hong-Dian |last3=Liang |first3=Qiao-Mei |last4=Creutzig |first4=Felix |last5=Liao |first5=Hua |last6=Yao |first6=Yun-Fei |last7=Qian |first7=Xiang-Yan |last8=Ren |first8=Zhong-Yuan |last9=Qing |first9=Jing |last10=Cai |first10=Qiran |last11=Edenhofer |first11=Ottmar |last12=Wei |first12=Yi-Ming }}</ref>
*28 May &ndash; A new [[direct air capture]] system using [[isophorone diamine]] is demonstrated, able to remove [[carbon dioxide]] with 99% efficiency and more than twice as fast as existing systems.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Fastest carbon dioxide catcher heralds new age for direct air capture |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/953826|website=EurekAlert!|date=28 May 2022 |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kikkawa |first1=Soichi |last2=Amamoto |first2=Kazushi |last3=Fujiki |first3=Yu |last4=Hirayama |first4=Jun |last5=Kato |first5=Gen |last6=Miura |first6=Hiroki |last7=Shishido |first7=Tetsuya |last8=Yamazoe |first8=Seiji |title=Direct Air Capture of CO 2 Using a Liquid Amine–Solid Carbamic Acid Phase-Separation System Using Diamines Bearing an Aminocyclohexyl Group |journal=ACS Environmental Au |date=10 May 2022 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=354–362 |doi=10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00065 |pmid=37101968 |pmc=10125313 |s2cid=248703204 |language=en |issn=2694-2518}}</ref>
*30 May &ndash; [[Frontier (supercomputer)|Frontier]] is announced by [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] as the world's first [[exascale]] [[supercomputer]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Frontier supercomputer debuts as world's fastest, breaking exascale barrier |url=https://www.ornl.gov/news/frontier-supercomputer-debuts-worlds-fastest-breaking-exascale-barrier|website=Oak Ridge National Laboratory|date=30 May 2022 |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Wickedly Fast Frontier Supercomputer Officially Ushers in the Next Era of Computing |url=https://singularityhub.com/2022/05/30/age-of-exascale-wickedly-fast-frontier-supercomputer-ushers-in-the-next-era-of-computing/|website=Singularity Hub|date=30 May 2022 |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref>
*31 May &ndash; Success of record-long (3 days rather than usually <12 hours) of human [[Organ transplantation|transplant]] organ [[Organ procurement#Preservation and transport|preservation]] with [[machine perfusion]] of a [[liver transplantation|liver]] is reported. It could possibly be extended to 10 days and prevent substantial cell damage by low temperature preservation methods.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Transplant success: Liver survives out of body for days |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-61631042 |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=BBC News |date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Clavien |first1=Pierre-Alain |last2=Dutkowski |first2=Philipp |last3=Mueller |first3=Matteo |last4=Eshmuminov |first4=Dilmurodjon |last5=Bautista Borrego |first5=Lucia |last6=Weber |first6=Achim |last7=Muellhaupt |first7=Beat |last8=Sousa Da Silva |first8=Richard X. |last9=Burg |first9=Brian R. |last10=Rudolf von Rohr |first10=Philipp |last11=Schuler |first11=Martin J. |last12=Becker |first12=Dustin |last13=Hefti |first13=Max |last14=Tibbitt |first14=Mark W. |title=Transplantation of a human liver following 3 days of ex situ normothermic preservation |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=31 May 2022 |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=1610–1616 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01354-7 |pmid=35641829 |s2cid=249234907 |language=en |issn=1546-1696}}</ref> On the same day, a separate study reports new [[cryoprotectant]] solvents, tested with cells<!-- (but not whole organs)-->, that could preserve organs by the latter methods for much longer with substantially reduced damage<!-- or "without significant loss of viability"-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New cryoprotectant chemicals could preserve organs without ice damage |url=https://newatlas.com/medical/organ-preservation-cryoprotectant-no-ice-damage/ |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=22 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bryant |first1=Saffron J. |last2=Awad |first2=Miyah N. |last3=Elbourne |first3=Aaron |last4=Christofferson |first4=Andrew J. |last5=Martin |first5=Andrew V. |last6=Meftahi |first6=Nastaran |last7=Drummond |first7=Calum J. |last8=Greaves |first8=Tamar L. |last9=Bryant |first9=Gary |title=Deep eutectic solvents as cryoprotective agents for mammalian cells |journal=Journal of Materials Chemistry B |date=22 June 2022 |volume=10 |issue=24 |pages=4546–4560 |doi=10.1039/D2TB00573E |pmid=35670530 |language=en |issn=2050-7518}}</ref>

===June===
[[File:Hematopoiesis_simple.svg|thumb|1 June: A study substantiates a novel [[Senescence|theory of ageing]] – clonal diversity loss of [[haematopoiesis|hematopoietic]] [[stem cell]]s – which could enable [[life extension|healthy aging]].]]
[[File:Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg|thumb|3 June: The global {{CO2}} level exceeds the milestone of being 50% greater than in the pre-industrial era]]
*1 June &ndash; A study shows the clonal diversity of [[stem cell]]s that [[haematopoiesis|produce blood cells]] gets drastically reduced around age 70 {{tooltip|2=from 20,000–200,000 HSC/MPPs contributing evenly to 10–20 expanded clones accounting for 30–60% of haematopoiesis due to mutations that occurred decades earlier that make them grow faster|to a faster-growing few}}, substantiating [[Stem cell theory of aging#Hematopoietic stem cell diversity aging|a novel]] [[Senescence|theory of ageing]] which could enable [[life extension|healthy aging]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Research may reveal why people can suddenly become frail in their 70s |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/jun/01/research-may-reveal-why-people-can-suddenly-become-frail-in-their-70s |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=1 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mitchell |first1=Emily |last2=Spencer Chapman |first2=Michael |last3=Williams |first3=Nicholas |last4=Dawson |first4=Kevin J. |last5=Mende |first5=Nicole |last6=Calderbank |first6=Emily F. |last7=Jung |first7=Hyunchul |last8=Mitchell |first8=Thomas |last9=Coorens |first9=Tim H. H. |last10=Spencer |first10=David H. |last11=Machado |first11=Heather |last12=Lee-Six |first12=Henry |last13=Davies |first13=Megan |last14=Hayler |first14=Daniel |last15=Fabre |first15=Margarete A. |last16=Mahbubani |first16=Krishnaa |last17=Abascal |first17=Federico |last18=Cagan |first18=Alex |last19=Vassiliou |first19=George S. |last20=Baxter |first20=Joanna |last21=Martincorena |first21=Inigo |last22=Stratton |first22=Michael R. |last23=Kent |first23=David G. |last24=Chatterjee |first24=Krishna |last25=Parsy |first25=Kourosh Saeb |last26=Green |first26=Anthony R. |last27=Nangalia |first27=Jyoti |last28=Laurenti |first28=Elisa |last29=Campbell |first29=Peter J. |title=Clonal dynamics of haematopoiesis across the human lifespan |journal=Nature |date=June 2022 |volume=606 |issue=7913 |pages=343–350 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04786-y |pmid=35650442 |pmc=9177428 |bibcode=2022Natur.606..343M |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
*2 June &ndash; First success of a clinical trial for a [[3D bioprinting#Transplantable organs and organs for research|3D bioprinted transplant]], an [[Auricle (anatomy)|external ear]] to treat [[microtia]],<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=A Multicenter, Single Arm, Prospective, Open-Label, Staged Study of the Safety and Efficacy of the AuriNovo Construct for Auricular Reconstruction in Subjects With Unilateral Microtia |url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04399239 |publisher=clinicaltrials.gov |access-date=19 July 2022 |date=15 October 2021}}</ref> that is made from the patient's own cells is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Rabin |first1=Roni Caryn |title=Doctors Transplant Ear of Human Cells, Made by 3-D Printer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/02/health/ear-transplant-3d-printer.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=19 July 2022 |date=2 June 2022}}</ref>
*3 June &ndash; The [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] reports that the global concentration of [[carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere]] is now 50% greater than in pre-industrial times, and is likely at a level last seen [[Neogene|4.1 to 4.5 million years ago]], at 421 parts per million (ppm).<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Carbon dioxide now more than 50% higher than pre-industrial levels |url=https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/carbon-dioxide-now-more-than-50-higher-than-pre-industrial-levels|website=NOAA|date=3 June 2022 |access-date=5 June 2022}}</ref>
*5 June &ndash; Progress in the [[treatment of cancer]]:<br/>A very small trial shows complete remission of a type of [[colorectal cancer]] without surgery and radiation in all 12 patients.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Osborne |first1=Margaret |title=Small Cancer Trial Resulted in Complete Remission for All Participants |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/small-cancer-trial-resulted-in-complete-remission-for-all-participants-180980221/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cercek |first1=Andrea |last2=Lumish |first2=Melissa |last3=Sinopoli |first3=Jenna |last4=Weiss |first4=Jill |last5=Shia |first5=Jinru |last6=Lamendola-Essel |first6=Michelle |last7=El Dika |first7=Imane H. |last8=Segal |first8=Neil |last9=Shcherba |first9=Marina |last10=Sugarman |first10=Ryan |last11=Stadler |first11=Zsofia |last12=Yaeger |first12=Rona |last13=Smith |first13=J. Joshua |last14=Rousseau |first14=Benoit |last15=Argiles |first15=Guillem |last16=Patel |first16=Miteshkumar |last17=Desai |first17=Avni |last18=Saltz |first18=Leonard B. |last19=Widmar |first19=Maria |last20=Iyer |first20=Krishna |last21=Zhang |first21=Janie |last22=Gianino |first22=Nicole |last23=Crane |first23=Christopher |last24=Romesser |first24=Paul B. |last25=Pappou |first25=Emmanouil P. |last26=Paty |first26=Philip |last27=Garcia-Aguilar |first27=Julio |last28=Gonen |first28=Mithat |last29=Gollub |first29=Marc |last30=Weiser |first30=Martin R. |last31=Schalper |first31=Kurt A. |last32=Diaz |first32=Luis A. |title=PD-1 Blockade in Mismatch Repair–Deficient, Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=23 June 2022 |volume=386 |issue=25 |pages=2363–2376 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2201445 |pmid=35660797 |pmc=9492301 |s2cid=249395846 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref> On the same day, results of a trial show that [[trastuzumab deruxtecan]] therapy for [[HER2]]-low metastatic [[breast cancer]] exceeded results from [[chemotherapy]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Leads to Longer PFS and OS Compared with Chemotherapy in Previously Treated HER2-Low Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer |url=https://www.esmo.org/oncology-news/trastuzumab-deruxtecan-leads-to-longer-pfs-and-os-compared-with-chemotherapy-in-previously-treated-her2-low-unresectable-or-metastatic-breast-cancer |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=www.esmo.org}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Modi |first1=Shanu |last2=Jacot |first2=William |last3=Yamashita |first3=Toshinari |last4=Sohn |first4=Joohyuk |last5=Vidal |first5=Maria |last6=Tokunaga |first6=Eriko |last7=Tsurutani |first7=Junji |last8=Ueno |first8=Naoto T. |last9=Prat |first9=Aleix |last10=Chae |first10=Yee Soo |last11=Lee |first11=Keun Seok |last12=Niikura |first12=Naoki |last13=Park |first13=Yeon Hee |last14=Xu |first14=Binghe |last15=Wang |first15=Xiaojia |last16=Gil-Gil |first16=Miguel |last17=Li |first17=Wei |last18=Pierga |first18=Jean-Yves |last19=Im |first19=Seock-Ah |last20=Moore |first20=Halle C. F. |last21=Rugo |first21=Hope S. |last22=Yerushalmi |first22=Rinat |last23=Zagouri |first23=Flora |last24=Gombos |first24=Andrea |last25=Kim |first25=Sung-Bae |last26=Liu |first26=Qiang |last27=Luo |first27=Ting |last28=Saura |first28=Cristina |last29=Schmid |first29=Peter |last30=Sun |first30=Tao |last31=Gambhire |first31=Dhiraj |last32=Yung |first32=Lotus |last33=Wang |first33=Yibin |last34=Singh |first34=Jasmeet |last35=Vitazka |first35=Patrik |last36=Meinhardt |first36=Gerold |last37=Harbeck |first37=Nadia |last38=Cameron |first38=David A. |title=Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Previously Treated HER2-Low Advanced Breast Cancer |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=5 June 2022 |volume=387 |issue=1 |pages=9–20 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2203690 |pmid=35665782 |hdl=2445/197309 |s2cid=249418284 |url=https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/4095995e-3067-46c9-875a-a70cdb641427 |language=en}}</ref> The synthesis of ERX-41, a novel compound that has shown promise in eliminating [[cancer cells]], is reported (2 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Targeting LIPA independent of its lipase activity is a therapeutic strategy in solid tumors via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]| date=2 June 2022|pages=866–884 |doi=10.1038/s43018-022-00389-8|pmid=35654861 |s2cid=249312892 |last1=Liu |first1=Xihui |last2=Viswanadhapalli |first2=Suryavathi |last3=Kumar |first3=Shourya |last4=Lee |first4=Tae-Kyung |last5=Moore |first5=Andrew |last6=Ma |first6=Shihong |last7=Chen |first7=Liping |last8=Hsieh |first8=Michael |last9=Li |first9=Mengxing |last10=Sareddy |first10=Gangadhara R. |last11=Parra |first11=Karla |last12=Blatt |first12=Eliot B. |last13=Reese |first13=Tanner C. |last14=Zhao |first14=Yuting |last15=Chang |first15=Annabel |last16=Yan |first16=Hui |last17=Xu |first17=Zhenming |last18=Pratap |first18=Uday P. |last19=Liu |first19=Zexuan |last20=Roggero |first20=Carlos M. |last21=Tan |first21=Zhenqiu |last22=Weintraub |first22=Susan T. |last23=Peng |first23=Yan |last24=Tekmal |first24=Rajeshwar R. |last25=Arteaga |first25=Carlos L. |last26=Lippincott-Schwartz |first26=Jennifer |last27=Vadlamudi |first27=Ratna K. |last28=Ahn |first28=Jung-Mo |last29=Raj |first29=Ganesh V. |volume=3 |issue=7 |pmc=9325671 }}</ref> Researchers describe a new light-activated '[[photoimmunotherapy]]' for [[brain cancer]] ''[[in vitro]]''. They believe it could join surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy as a fifth major form of cancer treatment (16 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/jun/17/scientists-harness-light-therapy-to-target-and-kill-cancer-cells-in-world-first |title=Scientists harness light therapy to target and kill cancer cells in world first |work=The Guardian| date=17 June 2022| access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mączyńska |first1=Justyna |last2=Raes |first2=Florian |last3=Da Pieve |first3=Chiara |last4=Turnock |first4=Stephen |last5=Boult |first5=Jessica K. R. |last6=Hoebart |first6=Julia |last7=Niedbala |first7=Marcin |last8=Robinson |first8=Simon P. |last9=Harrington |first9=Kevin J. |last10=Kaspera |first10=Wojciech |last11=Kramer-Marek |first11=Gabriela |title=Triggering anti-GBM immune response with EGFR-mediated photoimmunotherapy |journal=BMC Medicine |date=21 January 2022 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=16 |doi=10.1186/s12916-021-02213-z |pmid=35057796 |pmc=8780306 |issn=1741-7015}}
* News release: {{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.icr.ac.uk/news-archive/light-activated-photoimmunotherapy-could-enhance-brain-cancer-treatment |title=Light-activated 'photoimmunotherapy' could enhance brain cancer treatment |work=Institute of Cancer Research| date=16 June 2022| access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref>
*6 June &ndash; Cats are added to the [[list of animals that can get SARS-CoV-2|list of animals that can get SARS-CoV-2 and spread it back to humans]], albeit the transmission is considered uncommon<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Mallapaty |first1=Smriti |title=First reported case of a person getting COVID from a cat |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01792-y |access-date=19 July 2022 |journal=Nature |date=29 June 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01792-y}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sila |first1=Thanit |last2=Sunghan |first2=Jutapoln |last3=Laochareonsuk |first3=Wison |last4=Surasombatpattana |first4=Smonrapat |last5=Kongkamol |first5=Chanon |last6=Ingviya |first6=Thammasin |last7=Siripaitoon |first7=Pisud |last8=Kositpantawong |first8=Narongdet |last9=Kanchanasuwan |first9=Siripen |last10=Hortiwakul |first10=Thanaporn |last11=Charernmak |first11=Boonsri |last12=Nwabor |first12=Ozioma Forstinus |last13=Silpapojakul |first13=Kachornsakdi |last14=Chusri |first14=Sarunyou |title=Suspected Cat-to-Human Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Thailand, July–September 2021  |volume=28 |number=7 |date=July 2022 |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |pages=1485–1488 |doi=10.3201/eid2807.212605 |pmid=35666777 |pmc=9239874 |s2cid=249434258 |language=en-us}}</ref> and not to be a source of [[SARS-CoV-2 variants|variants of concern]] since the August 2021 detection.
[[File:Monkeypox cumulative-cases linear-plot.svg|thumb|24 June: Early [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]] research finds the "presumably slow-evolving" [[DNA virus]] has evolved roughly 6–12-fold more mutations than one would expect.]]
[[File:New_rocket_body_impact_double_crater_on_the_Moon.png|thumb|24 June: NASA publishes images showing an unexpected double crater from what is thought to be the first time human [[space debris]] – likely by a spent [[rocket body]] – unintentionally [[Hertzsprung (crater)#2022 Long March 3C third stage impact|hit the lunar surface on 4 March]].]]
*8 June
**Observation of the {{vanchor|axial Higgs mode}}, a [[Higgs boson]]-like excitation in a [[charge density wave]] material, is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Axial Higgs mode spotted in materials at room temperature |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/axial-higgs-mode-spotted-in-materials-at-room-temperature/ |access-date=23 July 2022 |work=Physics World |date=4 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Yiping |last2=Petrides |first2=Ioannis |last3=McNamara |first3=Grant |last4=Hosen |first4=Md Mofazzel |last5=Lei |first5=Shiming |last6=Wu |first6=Yueh-Chun |last7=Hart |first7=James L. |last8=Lv |first8=Hongyan |last9=Yan |first9=Jun |last10=Xiao |first10=Di |last11=Cha |first11=Judy J. |date=2022-06-08 |title=Axial Higgs mode detected by quantum pathway interference in RTe3 |journal=Nature |volume=606 |issue=7916 |language=en |pages=896–901 |arxiv=2112.02454 |bibcode=2022Natur.606..896W |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04746-6 |pmid=35676485 |s2cid=244908655 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> It was incorrectly reported in some press releases as a [[dark matter]] particle.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||author1=[[Peter Woit]] |title=Physicists Discover Never-Before Seen Particle Sitting On a Tabletop |url=https://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=12936 |website=Not Even Wrong |access-date=9 June 2022 |date=9 June 2022}}</ref>
**Scientists provide an overview of the capabilities of<!-- ongoing, recent, past, planned and proposed--> missions and observatories for detecting various alien [[technosignature]]s.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Axe |first1=David |title=The Alien Hunter's Playbook Is Getting a Cutting-Edge Rewrite |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/scientists-are-rewriting-the-alien-hunting-playbook-to-redefine-signs-of-life |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=The Daily Beast |date=11 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Haqq-Misra |first1=Jacob |last2=Schwieterman |first2=Edward W. |last3=Socas-Navarro |first3=Hector |last4=Kopparapu |first4=Ravi |last5=Angerhausen |first5=Daniel |last6=Beatty |first6=Thomas G. |last7=Berdyugina |first7=Svetlana |last8=Felton |first8=Ryan |last9=Sharma |first9=Siddhant |last10=De la Torre |first10=Gabriel G. |last11=Apai |first11=Dániel |title=Searching for technosignatures in exoplanetary systems with current and future missions |journal=Acta Astronautica |date=1 September 2022 |volume=198 |pages=194–207 |doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.05.040 |arxiv=2206.00030 |bibcode=2022AcAau.198..194H |s2cid=249240495 |language=en |issn=0094-5765}}</ref>
*9 June
**A study estimates the [[air pollution]] impacts on climate change and the ozone layer from rocket launches and re-entry of reusable components and [[space debris|debris]] in 2019 and from a theoretical future [[space industry]] extrapolated from the "[[billionaire space race]]". It concludes that substantial effects from routine [[space tourism]] should "motivate [[space law|regulation]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Space tourism from companies like SpaceX, Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin could undo work to repair ozone layer, study finds |url=https://news.sky.com/story/space-tourism-from-companies-like-spacex-virgin-galactic-and-blue-origin-could-undo-work-to-repair-ozone-layer-study-finds-12640296 |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=Sky News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ryan |first1=Robert G. |last2=Marais |first2=Eloise A. |last3=Balhatchet |first3=Chloe J. |last4=Eastham |first4=Sebastian D. |title=Impact of Rocket Launch and Space Debris Air Pollutant Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate |journal=Earth's Future |date=June 2022 |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=e2021EF002612 |doi=10.1029/2021EF002612 |pmid=35865359 |pmc=9287058 |bibcode=2022EaFut..1002612R |language=en |issn=2328-4277}}</ref>
**Researchers report a robotic finger [[soft robotics|covered in a type of manufactured living human skin]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists grew living human skin around a robotic finger |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/robotic-finger-human-skin-self-healing |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=Science News |date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kawai |first1=Michio |last2=Nie |first2=Minghao |last3=Oda |first3=Haruka |last4=Morimoto |first4=Yuya |last5=Takeuchi |first5=Shoji |title=Living skin on a robot |journal=Matter |date=6 July 2022 |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=2190–2208 |doi=10.1016/j.matt.2022.05.019 |language=English |issn=2590-2393}}</ref> Researchers demonstrate an [[electronic skin]] giving biological [[skin]]-like [[Robotic sensing|haptic sensations and touch/pain-sensitivity to a robotic hand]] (1 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Liu |first1=Fengyuan |last2=Deswal |first2=Sweety |last3=Christou |first3=Adamos |last4=Shojaei Baghini |first4=Mahdieh |last5=Chirila |first5=Radu |last6=Shakthivel |first6=Dhayalan |last7=Chakraborty |first7=Moupali |last8=Dahiya |first8=Ravinder |title=Printed synaptic transistor–based electronic skin for robots to feel and learn |journal=Science Robotics |date=June 2022 |volume=7 |issue=67 |pages=eabl7286 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abl7286 |pmid=35648845 |s2cid=249275626 |url-access=subscription |language=en |issn=2470-9476|url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/270490/1/270490.pdf }}</ref> A system of an electronic skin and a human-machine interface is reported that can enable [[remote sensing|remote sensed]] [[Tactile discrimination#Robotic tactile discrimination|tactile perception]], and [[Wearable technology|wearable]] or [[robotic sensing]] of many hazardous substances and [[Biosensor#Pathogen detection|pathogens]] (1 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Yu |first1=You |last2=Li |first2=Jiahong |last3=Solomon |first3=Samuel A. |last4=Min |first4=Jihong |last5=Tu |first5=Jiaobing |last6=Guo |first6=Wei |last7=Xu |first7=Changhao |last8=Song |first8=Yu |last9=Gao |first9=Wei |title=All-printed soft human-machine interface for robotic physicochemical sensing |journal=Science Robotics |date=June 1, 2022 |volume=7 |issue=67 |pages=eabn0495 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abn0495 |pmid=35648844 |pmc=9302713 |language=en |issn=2470-9476 }}</ref> A multilayer [[tactile sensor]] [[hydrogel]]-based robot skin is demonstrated (8 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Park |first1=K. |last2=Yuk |first2=H. |last3=Yang |first3=M. |last4=Cho |first4=J. |last5=Lee |first5=H. |last6=Kim |first6=J. |title=A biomimetic elastomeric robot skin using electrical impedance and acoustic tomography for tactile sensing |journal=Science Robotics |date=8 June 2022 |volume=7 |issue=67 |pages=eabm7187 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abm7187 |pmid=35675452 |s2cid=249520303 |language=en |issn=2470-9476}}</ref>
*10 June &ndash; The core of the [[globular cluster]] [[NGC 3201]] is shown to harbor a sub-cluster of nearly a hundred [[black holes]]. The same study also confirms that the globular cluster [[NGC 6397]] has ejected most of its original black hole population, and its inner mass excess is composed by hundreds of massive [[white dwarfs]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||date=10 June 2022|title=Chasser des trous noirs dans un cimetière d'étoiles | url=https://www.insu.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/chasser-des-trous-noirs-dans-un-cimetiere-detoiles}}</ref><ref name="Vitral+22">{{Citation | last1=Vitral | first1=Eduardo |title=Stellar graveyards: clustering of compact objects in globular clusters NGC 3201 and NGC 6397| last2=Kremer | first2=Kyle | last3=Libralato | first3=Mattia | last4=Mamon | first4=Gary A. | last5=Bellini | first5=Andrea | doi=10.1093/mnras/stac1337 | date=2022 | journal=  Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society| volume=514 | issue=1 | page=806 | bibcode = 2022MNRAS.514..806V | arxiv=2202.01599 }}</ref>
*13 June &ndash; [[Non-government reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine#Science and technology|Science]] and the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]:<br/>Groups of academics report how global [[science community]] could help Ukraine via an action plan, including for helping organizing (re)vitalization of [[Science and technology in Ukraine|Ukrainian science]] and reconstruction in the future.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Duszyński |first1=Jerzy |last2=McNutt |first2=Marcia |last3=Zagorodny |first3=Anatoly |title=A future for Ukrainian science |journal=Science |date=17 June 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6599 |pages=1249 |doi=10.1126/science.add4088 |pmid=35695734 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1249D |s2cid=249623002 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> On the same day, a researcher outlined a number of possible major [[policy]]-based actions that could mitigate the energy and resource crises caused or exacerbated by the war.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Creutzig |first1=Felix |title=Fuel crisis: slash demand in three sectors to protect economies and climate |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01616-z |journal=Nature |access-date=22 July 2022 |pages=460–462 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01616-z |date=June 2022|volume=606 |issue=7914 |pmid=35764814 |bibcode=2022Natur.606..460C |s2cid=250114272 }}</ref> Russian space agency [[Roscosmos]] announces the intent to, unilaterally and hazardously, take over paused telescope [[eROSITA]], launched in collaboration with Germany (4 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Russia plans to restart German telescope without permission|date=2022-06-04|url=https://www.dw.com/en/russia-plans-to-restart-german-telescope-without-permission/a-62033082 |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> A science journalist outlines some of the [[food system]]-related [[Environmental impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|environmental impacts of the war]] (21 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Russia's invasion could cause long-term harm to Ukraine's prized soil |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ukraine-russia-war-soil-agriculture-crops |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=Science News |date=21 June 2022}}</ref> A study reports a number of humanitarian, [[Economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|economic, and financial]] impacts of the war (23 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Astrov |first1=Vasily |last2=Ghodsi |first2=Mahdi |last3=Grieveson |first3=Richard |last4=Holzner |first4=Mario |last5=Kochnev |first5=Artem |last6=Landesmann |first6=Michael |last7=Pindyuk |first7=Olga |last8=Stehrer |first8=Robert |last9=Tverdostup |first9=Maryna |last10=Bykova |first10=Alexandra |title=Russia's invasion of Ukraine: assessment of the humanitarian, economic, and financial impact in the short and medium term |journal=International Economics and Economic Policy |date=1 May 2022 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=331–381 |doi=10.1007/s10368-022-00546-5 |s2cid=249987393 |language=en |issn=1612-4812}}</ref>
*15 June
**Astronomers identify [[J1144–4308|J1144]] as the fastest-growing [[black hole]] of the last nine billion years, consuming matter equivalent to one Earth every second, as well as being the most luminous quasi-stellar object of that period.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/scientists-discover-rapidly-growing-black-hole |title=Scientists discover rapidly growing black hole |work=Australian National University| date=15 June 2022| access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://phys.org/news/2022-06-luminous-quasar-astronomers.html |title=New luminous quasar detected by astronomers |work=Phys.org| date=16 June 2022| access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Onken |first1=Christopher A. |last2=Lai |first2=Samuel |last3=Wolf |first3=Christian |last4=Lucy |first4=Adrian B. |last5=Hon |first5=Wei Jeat |last6=Tisserand |first6=Patrick |last7=Sokoloski |first7=Jennifer L. |last8=Luna |first8=Gerardo J. M. |last9=Manick |first9=Rajeev |last10=Fan |first10=Xiaohui |last11=Bian |first11=Fuyan |title=Discovery of the most luminous quasar of the last 9 Gyr |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia |date=8 June 2022|volume=39 |doi=10.1017/pasa.2022.36 |arxiv=2206.04204 |bibcode=2022PASA...39...37O |s2cid=249538461 }}</ref>
**Researchers report [[Lac-Phe]] as the most significantly induced circulating [[metabolite]] in two animal models of [[exercise]]<!--, with increases also being observed in humans,--> which – including via chronic administration – reduces food intake and suppresses obesity.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Appetite-suppressing molecule helps obese mice lose weight |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2324591-appetite-suppressing-molecule-helps-obese-mice-lose-weight/ |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Li |first1=Veronica L. |last2=He |first2=Yang |last3=Contrepois |first3=Kévin |last4=Liu |first4=Hailan |last5=Kim |first5=Joon T. |last6=Wiggenhorn |first6=Amanda L. |last7=Tanzo |first7=Julia T. |last8=Tung |first8=Alan Sheng-Hwa |last9=Lyu |first9=Xuchao |last10=Zushin |first10=Peter-James H. |last11=Jansen |first11=Robert S. |last12=Michael |first12=Basil |last13=Loh |first13=Kang Yong |last14=Yang |first14=Andrew C. |last15=Carl |first15=Christian S. |last16=Voldstedlund |first16=Christian T. |last17=Wei |first17=Wei |last18=Terrell |first18=Stephanie M. |last19=Moeller |first19=Benjamin C. |last20=Arthur |first20=Rick M. |last21=Wallis |first21=Gareth A. |last22=van de Wetering |first22=Koen |last23=Stahl |first23=Andreas |last24=Kiens |first24=Bente |last25=Richter |first25=Erik A. |last26=Banik |first26=Steven M. |last27=Snyder |first27=Michael P. |last28=Xu |first28=Yong |last29=Long |first29=Jonathan Z. |title=An exercise-inducible metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity |journal=Nature |date=June 2022 |volume=606 |issue=7915 |pages=785–790 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04828-5 |pmid=35705806 |pmc=9767481 |bibcode=2022Natur.606..785L |s2cid=249710767 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
*20 June
**A study suggests global [[food mile]]s {{CO2}} emissions are 3.5–7.5 times [[Sustainable food system#Environmental impact of food miles|higher than previously estimated]], with transport accounting for about 19% of total food-system emissions,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate impact of food miles three times greater than previously believed, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jun/21/climate-impact-of-food-miles-three-times-greater-than-previously-believed-study-finds |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=20 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Li |first1=Mengyu |last2=Jia |first2=Nanfei |last3=Lenzen |first3=Manfred |last4=Malik |first4=Arunima |last5=Wei |first5=Liyuan |last6=Jin |first6=Yutong |last7=Raubenheimer |first7=David |title=Global food-miles account for nearly 20% of total food-systems emissions |journal=Nature Food |date=June 2022 |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=445–453 |doi=10.1038/s43016-022-00531-w |pmid=37118044 |s2cid=249916086 |language=en |issn=2662-1355}}</ref> albeit shifting towards plant-based diets remains substantially more important.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How much do food miles matter and should you buy local produce? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2325164-how-much-do-food-miles-matter-and-should-you-buy-local-produce/ |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref>
**Researchers demonstrate a [[MRI]]-[[machine learning|ML]]-based approach that can [[screening (medicine)|diagnose]] [[Alzheimer's disease#Techniques|early Alzheimer's disease]] {{tooltip|2=according to the study's lead scientist, 'Currently no other simple and widely available methods can predict Alzheimer's disease with this level of accuracy'|with high accuracy}} and may help identify unknown related changes in the brain.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Single MRI scan of the brain could detect Alzheimer's disease |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/single-mri-scan-of-the-brain-could-detect-alzheimers-disease/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=Physics World |date=13 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Inglese |first1=Marianna |last2=Patel |first2=Neva |last3=Linton-Reid |first3=Kristofer |last4=Loreto |first4=Flavia |last5=Win |first5=Zarni |last6=Perry |first6=Richard J. |last7=Carswell |first7=Christopher |last8=Grech-Sollars |first8=Matthew |last9=Crum |first9=William R. |last10=Lu |first10=Haonan |last11=Malhotra |first11=Paresh A. |last12=Aboagye |first12=Eric O. |title=A predictive model using the mesoscopic architecture of the living brain to detect Alzheimer's disease |journal=Communications Medicine |date=20 June 2022 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=70 |doi=10.1038/s43856-022-00133-4 |pmid=35759330 |pmc=9209493 |language=en |issn=2730-664X}}</ref>
*21 June &ndash; The inability to [[Standing|stand]] on one leg for 10 seconds in mid to later life is linked to a near-doubling in the risk of death from any cause within the next 10 years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2022/june/tne-second-one-legged-stance.html |title=Inability to stand on one leg in mid to later life linked to higher risk of death |work=University of Bristol| date=21 June 2022| access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Araujo |first1=Claudio Gil |last2=Silva |first2=Christina Grüne de Souza e |last3=Laukkanen |first3=Jari Antero |last4=Singh |first4=Maria Fiatarone |last5=Kunutsor |first5=Setor Kwadzo |last6=Myers |first6=Jonathan |last7=Franca |first7=João Felipe |last8=Castro |first8=Claudia Lucia |title=Successful 10-second one-legged stance performance predicts survival in middle-aged and older individuals |journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine |date=15 May 2022 |volume=56 |issue=17 |pages=975–980 |doi=10.1136/bjsports-2021-105360 |pmid=35728834 |s2cid=249923034 |language=en |issn=0306-3674}}</ref>
*22 June
**A study concludes that [[Metastasis|the spread]] of [[breast cancer]] accelerates during [[sleep]]<!--, related to key circadian rhythm hormones-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Breast cancer is more likely to spread during sleep |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2325638-breast-cancer-is-more-likely-to-spread-during-sleep/ |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Diamantopoulou |first1=Zoi |last2=Castro-Giner |first2=Francesc |last3=Schwab |first3=Fabienne Dominique |last4=Foerster |first4=Christiane |last5=Saini |first5=Massimo |last6=Budinjas |first6=Selina |last7=Strittmatter |first7=Karin |last8=Krol |first8=Ilona |last9=Seifert |first9=Bettina |last10=Heinzelmann-Schwarz |first10=Viola |last11=Kurzeder |first11=Christian |last12=Rochlitz |first12=Christoph |last13=Vetter |first13=Marcus |last14=Weber |first14=Walter Paul |last15=Aceto |first15=Nicola |title=The metastatic spread of breast cancer accelerates during sleep |journal=Nature |date=July 2022 |volume=607 |issue=7917 |pages=156–162 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04875-y |pmid=35732738 |bibcode=2022Natur.607..156D |hdl=20.500.11850/555910 |s2cid=249955439 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**''Agilicious'', an [[free and open source software|open-source]] and [[open-hardware]] versatile standardized [[quadcopter|quadrotor]] [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]], currently tailored toward agility, [[Open-source robotics|is released]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brahambhatt |first1=Rupendra |title=Agilicious: Autonomous drone can dodge obstacles at breakneck 40 mph speeds |url=https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/agilicious-open-source-framework |access-date=4 February 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=22 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Foehn |first1=Philipp |last2=Kaufmann |first2=Elia |last3=Romero |first3=Angel |last4=Penicka |first4=Robert |last5=Sun |first5=Sihao |last6=Bauersfeld |first6=Leonard |last7=Laengle |first7=Thomas |last8=Cioffi |first8=Giovanni |last9=Song |first9=Yunlong |last10=Loquercio |first10=Antonio |last11=Scaramuzza |first11=Davide |title=Agilicious: Open-source and open-hardware agile quadrotor for vision-based flight |journal=Science Robotics |date=22 June 2022 |volume=7 |issue=67 |pages=eabl6259 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abl6259 |pmid=35731886 |s2cid=249955269 |language=en |issn=2470-9476}}</ref>
**The world's first [[quantum computer]] [[integrated circuit]] is demonstrated.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.sciencealert.com/a-huge-step-forward-in-quantum-computing-was-just-announced-the-first-ever-quantum-circuit |title=A Huge Step Forward in Quantum Computing Was Just Announced: The First-Ever Quantum Circuit |work=Science Alert | date=22 June 2022| access-date=23 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kiczynski |first1=M. |last2=Gorman |first2=S. K. |last3=Geng |first3=H. |last4=Donnelly |first4=M. B. |last5=Chung |first5=Y. |last6=He |first6=Y. |last7=Keizer |first7=J. G. |last8=Simmons |first8=M. Y. |title=Engineering topological states in atom-based semiconductor quantum dots |journal=Nature |date=June 2022 |volume=606 |issue=7915 |pages=694–699 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04706-0 |pmid=35732762 |pmc=9217742 |bibcode=2022Natur.606..694K |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
* Press release: {{#invoke:cite web || url=https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science-tech/unsw-quantum-scientists-deliver-world%E2%80%99s-first-integrated-circuit-atomic-scale |title=UNSW quantum scientists deliver world's first integrated circuit at the atomic scale |work=[[University of New South Wales]] | date=23 June 2022| access-date=23 June 2022}}</ref>
*23 June
**The [[Largest organisms#Bacteria|largest]] known [[bacterium]], and an organism that has encapsulated DNA despite being identified as a [[prokaryote]] and not an [[eukaryote]], {{tooltip|2=visible to the naked eye and 'about 50 times the size of other giant bacteria and about 5,000 times the size of most other average-size bacterial species'|with an average length of 10 mm}}, ''[[Thiomargarita magnifica|T. magnifica]]'' is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Largest known bacteria in the world are visible to the naked eye |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2325909-largest-known-bacteria-in-the-world-are-visible-to-the-naked-eye/ |access-date=28 July 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Volland |first1=Jean-Marie |last2=Gonzalez-Rizzo |first2=Silvina |last3=Gros |first3=Olivier |last4=Tyml |first4=Tomáš |last5=Ivanova |first5=Natalia |last6=Schulz |first6=Frederik |last7=Goudeau |first7=Danielle |last8=Elisabeth |first8=Nathalie H. |last9=Nath |first9=Nandita |last10=Udwary |first10=Daniel |last11=Malmstrom |first11=Rex R. |last12=Guidi-Rontani |first12=Chantal |last13=Bolte-Kluge |first13=Susanne |last14=Davies |first14=Karen M. |last15=Jean |first15=Maïtena R. |last16=Mansot |first16=Jean-Louis |last17=Mouncey |first17=Nigel J. |last18=Angert |first18=Esther R. |last19=Woyke |first19=Tanja |last20=Date |first20=Shailesh V. |title=A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA contained in metabolically active, membrane-bound organelles |journal=Science |date=24 June 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6600 |pages=1453–1458 |doi=10.1126/science.abb3634 |pmid=35737788 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1453V |s2cid=249990020 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
**A review shows prevalence of [[long COVID]] conditions – like mood symptoms, [[chronic fatigue syndrome|fatigue]] and sleep disorders – in people age 0–18 years appears to be at ~25% overall.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The prevalence of long-COVID in children and adolescents |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220627/The-prevalence-of-long-COVID-in-children-and-adolescents.aspx |access-date=15 July 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=27 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lopez-Leon |first1=Sandra |last2=Wegman-Ostrosky |first2=Talia |last3=Ayuzo del Valle |first3=Norma Cipatli |last4=Perelman |first4=Carol |last5=Sepulveda |first5=Rosalinda |last6=Rebolledo |first6=Paulina A. |last7=Cuapio |first7=Angelica |last8=Villapol |first8=Sonia |title=Long-COVID in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses |journal=Scientific Reports |date=23 June 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=9950 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-13495-5 |pmid=35739136 |pmc=9226045 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12.9950L |language=en |issn=2045-2322}}</ref>
**Two studies about aging-related characteristics of [[Longevity|long-lived]] animals like turtles are published, identifying potentially causal protective traits and suggesting many of the species have "slow or negligible [[senescence]]" (or aging).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Some turtles that live longer have a lower chance of dying each year |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2325563-some-turtles-that-live-longer-have-a-lower-chance-of-dying-each-year/ |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Reinke |first1=Beth A. |last2=Cayuela |first2=Hugo |last3=Janzen |first3=Fredric J. |display-authors=et al. |title=Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity |journal=Science |date=24 June 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6600 |pages=1459–1466 |doi=10.1126/science.abm0151 |pmid=35737773 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1459R |s2cid=249990458 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/95536/1/Richard%20Griffiths%20-%20Reinke%20et%20al%202022%20Science.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=da Silva |first1=Rita |last2=Conde |first2=Dalia A. |last3=Baudisch |first3=Annette |last4=Colchero |first4=Fernando |title=Slow and negligible senescence among testudines challenges evolutionary theories of senescence |journal=Science |date=24 June 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6600 |pages=1466–1470 |doi=10.1126/science.abl7811 |pmid=35737795 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1466D |s2cid=249989852 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
**Researchers report the controlled growth of diverse foods in the dark {{tooltip|2=via a two-step electrocatalytic process that converts carbon dioxide, electricity, and water into acetate, which is then consumed by food-producing organisms to grow|via solar energy and [[electrocatalysis]]-based [[artificial photosynthesis]]}} as a potential way to increase [[sustainable food system|energy efficiency of food production and reduce its environmental impacts]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Reynolds |first1=Matt |title=Scientists Are Trying to Grow Crops in the Dark |url=https://www.wired.com/story/plants-growing-in-darkness/ |access-date=23 July 2022 |magazine=Wired}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hann |first1=Elizabeth C. |last2=Overa |first2=Sean |last3=Harland-Dunaway |first3=Marcus |last4=Narvaez |first4=Andrés F. |last5=Le |first5=Dang N. |last6=Orozco-Cárdenas |first6=Martha L. |last7=Jiao |first7=Feng |last8=Jinkerson |first8=Robert E. |title=A hybrid inorganic–biological artificial photosynthesis system for energy-efficient food production |journal=Nature Food |date=June 2022 |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=461–471 |doi=10.1038/s43016-022-00530-x |pmid=37118051 |s2cid=250004816 |language=en |issn=2662-1355}}</ref>
*24 June
**NASA publishes images showing an unexpected and unexplained double crater from what is thought to be the first time human [[space debris]] – likely by a spent [[rocket body]] – unintentionally [[Hertzsprung (crater)#2022 Long March 3C third stage impact|hit the lunar surface on 4 March]].<!--List of artificial objects on the Moon--><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Strickland |first1=Ashley |last2=Hunt |first2=Katie |title=New double crater seen on the moon after mystery rocket impact |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/06/27/world/rocket-moon-impact-crater-scn/index.html |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Garner |first1=Rob |title=Rocket Impact Site on Moon Seen by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasas-lunar-reconnaissance-orbiter-spots-rocket-impact-site-on-moon |website=NASA |access-date=13 July 2022 |date=23 June 2022}}</ref>
**Early [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]] research:<br/>A study reports [[Phylogenetics|phylogenomic characterization]] of the first monkeypox (MP) virus outbreak genome sequences, finding the "presumably slow-evolving" [[DNA virus]] has evolved roughly 6–12-fold more mutations than one would expect and 15 [[Single-nucleotide polymorphism|SNP]] [[point mutation|mutations]] [[Microevolution|since the beginning of the outbreak]]<!--which could indicate adaptation to humans such as increasing transmissibility-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox mutating 12 times faster than expected as daily UK cases 'could hit 60,000' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/monkeypox-virus-uk-cases-mutating-b2111814.html |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=The Independent |date=29 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mpxwho"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Isidro |first1=Joana |last2=Borges |first2=Vítor |last3=Pinto |first3=Miguel |last4=Sobral |first4=Daniel |last5=Santos |first5=João Dourado |last6=Nunes |first6=Alexandra |last7=Mixão |first7=Verónica |last8=Ferreira |first8=Rita |last9=Santos |first9=Daniela |last10=Duarte |first10=Silvia |last11=Vieira |first11=Luís |last12=Borrego |first12=Maria José |last13=Núncio |first13=Sofia |last14=de Carvalho |first14=Isabel Lopes |last15=Pelerito |first15=Ana |last16=Cordeiro |first16=Rita |last17=Gomes |first17=João Paulo |title=Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus |journal=Nature Medicine |date=24 June 2022 |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=1569–1572 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-01907-y |pmid=35750157 |pmc=9388373 |s2cid=250022488 |language=en |issn=1546-170X}}
* News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Reardon |first1=Sara |title=Why is Monkeypox Evolving So Fast? |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-is-monkeypox-evolving-so-fast/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref> The [[World Health Organization|WHO]] announces that MP is not yet a global public health emergency but [[pandemic prevention|a cause for deep concern]] (25 June).<ref name="mpxwho">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox is not a global health emergency for now, WHO says |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/monkeypox-who-not-global-public-health-emergency |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=Science News |date=26 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="mpoverview">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=MacIntyre |first1=C. Raina |title=Monkeypox is not a global emergency for now, says WHO |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-06-monkeypox-global-emergency.html |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref> Early overviews and reviews, including about current knowledge about MP prevention and treatment, are published.<ref name="mpoverview"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Rizvi |first1=Zain |last2=Gonsalves |first2=Gregg |title=Monkeypox is spreading. We must move quickly, avoid past mistakes to protect LGBTQ people. |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/opinion/contributors/2022/07/07/monkeypox-response-vaccine-lgbtq/7792405001/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=USA TODAY}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Titanji |first1=Boghuma K |last2=Tegomoh |first2=Bryan |last3=Nematollahi |first3=Saman |last4=Konomos |first4=Michael |last5=Kulkarni |first5=Prathit A |title=Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review for Healthcare Professionals |journal=Open Forum Infectious Diseases |date=1 July 2022 |volume=9 |issue=7 |pages=ofac310 |doi=10.1093/ofid/ofac310 |pmid=35891689 |pmc=9307103 |issn=2328-8957}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rizk |first1=John G. |last2=Lippi |first2=Giuseppe |last3=Henry |first3=Brandon M. |last4=Forthal |first4=Donald N. |last5=Rizk |first5=Youssef |title=Prevention and Treatment of Monkeypox |journal=Drugs |date=1 June 2022 |volume=82 |issue=9 |pages=957–963 |doi=10.1007/s40265-022-01742-y |pmid=35763248 |pmc=9244487 |language=en |issn=1179-1950}}
* News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Researchers investigate prevention and therapy against monkeypox infection |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220704/Researchers-investigate-prevention-and-therapy-against-monkeypox-infection.aspx |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=4 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Scientists are investigating circulating lineages (and potential variants) of the MP virus and compare them to the African endemic lineages.<ref name="mpoverview"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Luna |first1=Nicolas |last2=Ramírez |first2=Angie L. |last3=Muñoz |first3=Marina |last4=Ballesteros |first4=Nathalia |last5=Patiño |first5=Luz H. |last6=Castañeda |first6=Sergio Andres |last7=Bonilla-Aldana |first7=D. Katterine |last8=Paniz-Mondolfi |first8=Alberto |last9=Ramírez |first9=Juan David |title=Phylogenomic analysis of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) 2022 outbreak: Emergence of a novel viral lineage? |journal=Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease |date=1 September 2022 |volume=49 |pages=102402 |doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102402 |pmid=35840078 |pmc=9628808 |s2cid=250540323 |language=en |issn=1477-8939}}
* News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Researchers assess the evolution and diversity of monkeypox virus genomes using phylogenomic analysis |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220718/Researchers-assess-the-evolution-and-diversity-of-monkeypox-virus-genomes-using-phylogenomic-analysis.aspx |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite bioRxiv |last1=Gigante |first1=Crystal M. |last2=Korber |first2=Bette |last3=Seabolt |first3=Matthew H. |last4=Wilkins |first4=Kimberly |last5=Davidson |first5=Whitni |last6=Rao |first6=Agam K. |last7=Zhao |first7=Hui |last8=Hughes |first8=Christine M. |last9=Minhaj |first9=Faisal |last10=Waltenburg |first10=Michelle A. |last11=Theiler |first11=James |last12=Smole |first12=Sandra |last13=Gallagher |first13=Glen R. |last14=Blythe |first14=David |last15=Myers |first15=Robert |last16=Schulte |first16=Joann |last17=Stringer |first17=Joey |last18=Lee |first18=Philip |last19=Mendoza |first19=Rafael M. |last20=Griffin-Thomas |first20=LaToya A. |last21=Crain |first21=Jenny |last22=Murray |first22=Jade |last23=Atkinson |first23=Annette |last24=Gonzalez |first24=Anthony H. |last25=Nash |first25=June |last26=Batra |first26=Dhwani |last27=Damon |first27=Inger |last28=McQuiston |first28=Jennifer |last29=Hutson |first29=Christina L. |last30=McCollum |first30=Andrea M. |last31=Li |first31=Yu |title=Multiple lineages of Monkeypox virus detected in the United States, 2021- 2022 |biorxiv=10.1101/2022.06.10.495526v1 |language=en |date=11 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Nextstrain – Monkeypox |url=https://nextstrain.org/monkeypox/hmpxv1 |website=nextstrain.org |access-date=22 July 2022}}</ref> A [[preprint]] suggests that cases "where a small fraction of individuals have disproportionately large numbers of partners, can explain the sustained growth of monkeypox cases among the [[men who have sex with men|MSM]] population" (13 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Bajaj |first1=Simar |title=What You Need to Know About the History of Monkeypox |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-history-of-monkeypox-180980301/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Endo |first1=Akira |last2=Murayama |first2=Hiroaki |last3=Abbott |first3=Sam |last4=Ratnayake |first4=Ruwan |last5=Pearson |first5=Carl A. B. |last6=Edmunds |first6=W. John |last7=Fearon |first7=Elizabeth |last8=Funk |first8=Sebastian |title=Heavy-tailed sexual contact networks and the epidemiology of monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic regions, May 2022 |website=medRxiv |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.13.22276353v1 |pages=2022.06.13.22276353 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.06.13.22276353 |date=13 June 2022|s2cid=249621940 }}</ref> The MP incubation period is estimated to be 8.5 days on average and up to 21 days (16 June).<ref name="mpoverview"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Miura |first1=Fuminari |last2=Ewijk |first2=Catharina Else van |last3=Backer |first3=Jantien A. |last4=Xiridou |first4=Maria |last5=Franz |first5=Eelco |last6=Coul |first6=Eline Op de |last7=Brandwagt |first7=Diederik |last8=Cleef |first8=Brigitte van |last9=Rijckevorsel |first9=Gini van |last10=Swaan |first10=Corien |last11=Hof |first11=Susan van den |last12=Wallinga |first12=Jacco |title=Estimated incubation period for monkeypox cases confirmed in the Netherlands, May 2022 |journal=Eurosurveillance |date=16 June 2022 |volume=27 |issue=24 |pages=2200448 |doi=10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.24.2200448 |pmid=35713026 |pmc=9205160 |language=en |issn=1560-7917}}
* News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists estimate the incubation period of 2022 monkeypox |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220615/Scientists-estimate-the-incubation-period-of-2022-monkeypox.aspx |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=15 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The [[protein folding|3D-folded]] structures of the whole [[proteome]] of the current DNA virus [[Protein structure prediction|are predicted]], which may be useful for the development of (better or updated) vaccines and drugs (28 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zheng |first1=Liangzhen |last2=Meng |first2=Jintao |last3=Lin |first3=Mingzhi |last4=Lv |first4=Rui |last5=Cheng |first5=Hongxi |last6=Zou |first6=Lixin |last7=Sun |first7=Jinyuan |last8=Li |first8=Linxian X. |last9=Ren |first9=Ruobing |last10=Wang |first10=Sheng |title=Structure prediction of the entire proteome of monkeypox variants |journal=Acta Materia Medica |date=28 June 2022 |volume=1 |issue=2 |doi=10.15212/AMM-2022-0017 |s2cid=250136009 |issn=2737-7946}}</ref> A study indicates MP contaminated surfaces within hospitals and households could be infectious (30 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Nörz |first1=Dominik |last2=Pfefferle |first2=Susanne |last3=Brehm |first3=Thomas T. |last4=Franke |first4=Gefion |last5=Grewe |first5=Ilka |last6=Knobling |first6=Birte |last7=Aepfelbacher |first7=Martin |last8=Huber |first8=Samuel |last9=Klupp |first9=Eva M. |last10=Jordan |first10=Sabine |last11=Addo |first11=Marylyn M. |last12=Wiesch |first12=Julian Schulze zur |last13=Schmiedel |first13=Stefan |last14=Lütgehetmann |first14=Marc |last15=Knobloch |first15=Johannes K. |title=Evidence of surface contamination in hospital rooms occupied by patients infected with monkeypox, Germany, June 2022 |journal=Eurosurveillance |date=30 June 2022 |volume=27 |issue=26 |pages=2200477 |doi=10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.26.2200477 |pmid=35775427 |pmc=9248266 |s2cid=250356219 |language=en |issn=1560-7917}}
* News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=The contamination of surfaces in hospital rooms housing monkeypox patients |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220706/The-contamination-of-surfaces-in-hospital-rooms-housing-monkeypox-patients.aspx |work=News-Medical.net |date=6 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*25 June &ndash; A study indicates that the [[Climate change in the Arctic|Arctic is warming four times faster than global warming]] now, substantially faster than current [[CMIP6]] models could project.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Arctic temperatures are increasing four times faster than global warming |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-07-arctic-temperatures-faster-global.html |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=Los Alamos National Laboratory |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chylek |first1=Petr |last2=Folland |first2=Chris |last3=Klett |first3=James D. |last4=Wang |first4=Muyin |last5=Hengartner |first5=Nick |last6=Lesins |first6=Glen |last7=Dubey |first7=Manvendra K. |title=Annual Mean Arctic Amplification 1970–2020: Observed and Simulated by CMIP6 Climate Models |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |date=16 July 2022 |volume=49 |issue=13 |doi=10.1029/2022GL099371 |bibcode=2022GeoRL..4999371C |s2cid=250097858 |language=en |issn=0094-8276}}</ref>
*27 June
**With {{tooltip|2=the Tibetan Glacier Genome and Gene catalog|a small catalog}} of unknown bacteria, researchers suggest work on microbes soon to be released from [[Effects of climate change#Glaciers and ice sheets decline|melting glaciers]] across the world to [[Pandemic prevention#Climate change|identify and understand potential threats in advance]] and understand [[extremophile]]s.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Bacteria species found in glacial ice could pose disease risk as glaciers melt from global warming |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-06-bacteria-species-glacial-ice-pose.html |access-date=15 July 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Liu |first1=Yongqin |last2=Ji |first2=Mukan |last3=Yu |first3=Tao |last4=Zaugg |first4=Julian |last5=Anesio |first5=Alexandre M. |last6=Zhang |first6=Zhihao |last7=Hu |first7=Songnian |last8=Hugenholtz |first8=Philip |last9=Liu |first9=Keshao |last10=Liu |first10=Pengfei |last11=Chen |first11=Yuying |last12=Luo |first12=Yingfeng |last13=Yao |first13=Tandong |title=A genome and gene catalog of glacier microbiomes |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=27 June 2022 |volume=40 |issue=9 |pages=1341–1348 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01367-2 |pmid=35760913 |s2cid=250091380 |language=en |issn=1546-1696}}</ref>
**Progress in [[climate change mitigation]] (CCM) [[living review]]-like works:<br/>The [[living document]]-like aggregation, assessment, integration and [[scientific review|review]] website [[Project Drawdown]] adds 11 new CCM solutions to its organized set of mitigation techniques.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Hanley |first1=Steve |title=Latest Project Drawdown Update Adds 11 New Ways To Stop Global Heating |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2022/07/04/latest-project-drawdown-update-adds-11-new-ways-to-stop-global-heating/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=CleanTechnica |date=4 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Project Drawdown updates world's leading set of climate solutions—adding 11 new solutions for addressing the climate crisis |url=https://drawdown.org/news/insights/project-drawdown-updates-world%E2%80%99s-leading-set-of-climate-solutions%E2%80%94adding-11-new |website=Project Drawdown |access-date=21 July 2022 |language=en |date=24 June 2022}}</ref> The website's modeling framework is used in a study document to show that [[circular economy|metal recycling]] has significant potential for CCM (2 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gorman |first1=Miranda R. |last2=Dzombak |first2=David A. |last3=Frischmann |first3=Chad |title=Potential global GHG emissions reduction from increased adoption of metals recycling |journal=Resources, Conservation and Recycling |date=1 September 2022 |volume=184 |pages=106424 |doi=10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106424 |s2cid=249321004 |language=en |issn=0921-3449}}</ref> A revised or updated version of a major worldwide [[100% renewable energy]] proposed plan and model is published (28 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Harvey |first1=George |title=We Can Have (Just About) Everything We Want For Energy & The Climate |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2022/07/04/we-can-have-just-about-everything-we-want-for-energy-the-climate/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=CleanTechnica |date=4 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Jacobson |first1=Mark Z. |last2=Krauland |first2=Anna-Katharina von |last3=Coughlin |first3=Stephen J. |last4=Dukas |first4=Emily |last5=Nelson |first5=Alexander J. H. |last6=Palmer |first6=Frances C. |last7=Rasmussen |first7=Kylie R. |title=Low-cost solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy insecurity for 145 countries |journal=Energy & Environmental Science |date=28 June 2022 |volume=15 |issue=8 |pages=3343–3359 |doi=10.1039/D2EE00722C |s2cid=250126767 |language=en |issn=1754-5706|url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/145Country/22-145Countries.pdf}}</ref>
*28 June
**Physicists report that [[Search for extraterrestrial intelligence#Quantum communications|interstellar quantum communication by other civilizations]] could be possible and may be advantageous, identifying some potential challenges and factors for detecting such. They may use, for example, X-ray photons for remotely established [[quantum communication|channels]] and [[quantum teleportation]] as the communication mode.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Conover |first1=Emily |title=Aliens could send quantum messages to Earth, calculations suggest |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/alien-quantum-communication-extraterrestrial-communication-signal |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=Science News |date=5 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Berera |first1=Arjun |last2=Calderón-Figueroa |first2=Jaime |title=Viability of quantum communication across interstellar distances |journal=Physical Review D |date=28 June 2022 |volume=105 |issue=12 |pages=123033 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.105.123033|arxiv=2205.11816|bibcode=2022PhRvD.105l3033B |s2cid=249017926 }}</ref>
**A [[scientific review|review]] elucidates the current state of [[Effects of climate change#Weather|climate change]] [[extreme event attribution]] science, concluding probabilities and {{tooltip|2=costs attributable to anthropogenic climate change overall such as economic costs, financial costs and number of early losses of life|costs-severities}} of links as well as identifying potential ways for its improvement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate change is driving 2022 extreme heat and flooding |url=https://news.trust.org/item/20220628092027-g2xea/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=Thomson Reuters Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Clarke |first1=Ben |last2=Otto |first2=Friederike |last3=Stuart-Smith |first3=Rupert |last4=Harrington |first4=Luke |title=Extreme weather impacts of climate change: an attribution perspective |journal=Environmental Research: Climate |date=28 June 2022 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=012001 |doi=10.1088/2752-5295/ac6e7d |s2cid=250134589 |language=en |issn=2752-5295}}</ref>
*30 June
**[[Samsung]] announces the first mass production of computer chips using a [[3 nm]] process. These feature a [[Multigate device#Gate-all-around FET (GAAFET)|gate-all-around]] [[transistor]] architecture that reduces power consumption by up to 45%, improves performance by 23% and reduces area by 16% compared to 5&nbsp;nm.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-begins-chip-production-using-3nm-process-technology-with-gaa-architecture |title=Samsung Begins Chip Production Using 3nm Process Technology With GAA Architecture |work=Samsung | date=30 June 2022| access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>
**Researchers, health organizations and regulators are discussing, {{tooltip|2=(including with preliminary laboratory studies and trials)|investigating}} and partly recommending [[COVID-19 vaccine]] boosters that mix the original vaccine formulation with [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron]]-adjusted parts – such as [[spike protein]]s of a specific Omicron subvariant – to better prepare the immune system to recognize a wide variety of [[SARS-CoV-2 variants|variants]] amid substantial and ongoing immune evasion by Omicron.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New COVID-19 boosters could contain bits of the omicron variant |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/covid-vaccine-booster-omicron-variant-coronavirus |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=Science News |date=30 June 2022}}</ref>

===July===
[[File:Comparison of Cas9-, D10A-, and H840A-induced repair phenotypes.jpg|thumb|1 July: A new [[CRISPR gene editing#Alternatives to Cas9|CRISPR gene editing/repair tool]] alternative to fully active Cas9 is reported.]]
[[File:NASA’s Webb Reveals Cosmic Cliffs, Glittering Landscape of Star Birth.jpg|thumb|12 July: The 'cosmic cliffs' of the [[Carina Nebula]]: One of the first images to be released from the now fully operational [[James Webb Space Telescope]].]]
*1 July
**Scientists show why climate benefits from [[Restoration ecology|nature restoration]] are "dwarfed by the scale of [[Climate change mitigation|ongoing fossil fuel emissions]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Dooley |first1=Kate |last2=Nicholls |first2=Zebedee |title=Nature restoration no substitute for cutting fossil fuels |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-07-nature-substitute-fossil-fuels.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dooley |first1=Kate |last2=Nicholls |first2=Zebedee |last3=Meinshausen |first3=Malte |title=Carbon removals from nature restoration are no substitute for steep emission reductions |journal=One Earth |date=15 July 2022 |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=812–824 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2022.06.002 |bibcode=2022OEart...5..812D |s2cid=250231236 |language=English |issn=2590-3330}}</ref>
**A new [[CRISPR gene editing#Alternatives to Cas9|CRISPR gene editing/repair tool]] alternative to fully active Cas9 is reported – Cas9-derived [[Nicking enzyme|nickases]] mediated [[homologous chromosome]]-templated [[DNA repair|repair]], applicable to organisms whose matching chromosome has the desired gene/s, which {{tooltip|2=in Drosophila fruit flies|is demonstrated}} to be more effective than Cas9 and cause fewer [[Off-target genome editing|off-target edits]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Softer' form of CRISPR may edit genes more accurately |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2326976-softer-form-of-crispr-may-edit-genes-more-accurately/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Roy |first1=Sitara |last2=Juste |first2=Sara Sanz |last3=Sneider |first3=Marketta |last4=Auradkar |first4=Ankush |last5=Klanseck |first5=Carissa |last6=Li |first6=Zhiqian |last7=Julio |first7=Alison Henrique Ferreira |last8=del Amo |first8=Victor Lopez |last9=Bier |first9=Ethan |last10=Guichard |first10=Annabel |title=Cas9/Nickase-induced allelic conversion by homologous chromosome-templated repair in Drosophila somatic cells |journal=Science Advances |date=July 2022 |volume=8 |issue=26 |pages=eabo0721 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abo0721 |pmid=35776792 |bibcode=2022SciA....8O.721R |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*4 July &ndash; Scientists report that [[heatwave]]s [[Climate change in Europe|in western Europe]] are increasing "three-to-four times faster compared to the rest of {{tooltip|2=this includes the United States|the northern midlatitudes}} over the past 42 years" and that {{tooltip|2=caused by 'an increase in the frequency and persistence of double jet stream states over Eurasia'|certain atmospheric dynamical changes}} can explain their increase.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Fountain |first1=Henry |title=Why Europe Is Becoming a Heat Wave Hot Spot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/19/climate/europe-heat-wave-science.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=18 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rousi |first1=Efi |last2=Kornhuber |first2=Kai |last3=Beobide-Arsuaga |first3=Goratz |last4=Luo |first4=Fei |last5=Coumou |first5=Dim |title=Accelerated western European heatwave trends linked to more-persistent double jets over Eurasia |journal=Nature Communications |date=4 July 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=3851 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-31432-y |pmid=35788585 |pmc=9253148 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.3851R |language=en |issn=2041-1723 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
*5 July &ndash; The [[Large Hadron Collider]] commences its Run 3 physics season. The LHCb collaboration observes three never-before-seen particles: a new kind of "[[pentaquark]]" and the first-ever pair of "[[tetraquarks]]", which includes a new type of tetraquark.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://home.cern/news/news/physics/lhcb-discovers-three-new-exotic-particles |title=LHCb discovers three new exotic particles |work=CERN| date=5 July 2022| access-date=8 July 2022}}</ref>
*6 July &ndash; A study suggests that the marginal effectiveness of a fourth [[COVID-19 vaccine]] dose (a second "booster") versus three doses can be 40% (24% to 52%) against severe disease outcomes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=What is the effectiveness of the fourth dose mRNA vaccination against the Omicron variant? |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220711/What-is-the-effectiveness-of-the-fourth-dose-mRNA-vaccination-against-the-Omicron-variant.aspx |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=11 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Grewal |first1=Ramandip |last2=Kitchen |first2=Sophie A. |last3=Nguyen |first3=Lena |last4=Buchan |first4=Sarah A. |last5=Wilson |first5=Sarah E. |last6=Costa |first6=Andrew P. |last7=Kwong |first7=Jeffrey C. |title=Effectiveness of a fourth dose of covid-19 mRNA vaccine against the omicron variant among long term care residents in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study |journal=BMJ |date=6 July 2022 |volume=378 |pages=e071502 |doi=10.1136/bmj-2022-071502 |pmid=35793826 |pmc=9257064 |language=en |issn=1756-1833}}</ref> There is no scientific consensus about the efficacy and overall recommendabilities of a fourth dose.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Einfluss wiederholter COVID-19-Booster auf das Immunsystem |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/rapid-reaction/details/news/einfluss-wiederholter-booster-impfungen-auf-das-immunsystem/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=22 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The [[CDC]] recommended such in March only for "certain immunocompromised individuals and people over the age of 50".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Kimball |first1=Spencer |title=CDC recommends fourth Pfizer and Moderna Covid vaccine doses for people age 50 and older |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/29/fda-authorizes-fourth-pfizer-covid-vaccine-dose-for-people-age-50-and-older-.html |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=CNBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/s0328-covid-19-boosters.html |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=22 August 2022 |language=en-us |date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
[[File:An AI learns basic physical principles.webp|thumb|11 & 25 July: [[Deep learning]] systems learn intuitive basic physics similar to infants and [[Machine learning in physics|any physics via potential variables-identification]] from [[Artificial general intelligence|only visual data]] (of virtual 3D environments).]]
*7 July
**The first [[Perovskite solar cell|tandem perovskite-silicon solar cell]] to exceed 30% efficiency (31.25%) is independently certified by the [[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2022/07/07/csem-epfl-achieve-31-25-efficiency-for-tandem-perovskite-silicon-solar-cell/ |title=CSEM, EPFL achieve 31.25% efficiency for tandem perovskite-silicon solar cell |work=PV Magazine| date=7 July 2022| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.csem.ch/page.aspx?pid=172296 |title=EPFL and CSEM smash through the 30% efficiency barrier for perovskite-on-silicon-tandem solar cells—setting two certified world records. |work=CSEM | date=7 July 2022| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref>
**A study into the effects of a [[Nuclear holocaust|global nuclear war]] on the world's oceans is published, revealing a rapid {{convert|10.5|C-change}} drop in temperature, along with many longer-lasting impacts.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/958087 |title=How nuclear war would affect earth today |work=EurekAlert!| date=7 July 2022| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021AV000610 |title=A New Ocean State After Nuclear War |journal=AGU Advances| date=7 July 2022|doi=10.1029/2021AV000610 | access-date=7 July 2022|last1=Harrison |first1=Cheryl S. |last2=Rohr |first2=Tyler |last3=Duvivier |first3=Alice |last4=Maroon |first4=Elizabeth A. |last5=Bachman |first5=Scott |last6=Bardeen |first6=Charles G. |last7=Coupe |first7=Joshua |last8=Garza |first8=Victoria |last9=Heneghan |first9=Ryan |last10=Lovenduski |first10=Nicole S. |last11=Neubauer |first11=Philipp |last12=Rangel |first12=Victor |last13=Robock |first13=Alan |last14=Scherrer |first14=Kim |last15=Stevenson |first15=Samantha |last16=Toon |first16=Owen B. |volume=3 |issue=4 |bibcode=2022AGUA....300610H |s2cid=250365789 }}</ref>
*8 July &ndash; Astronomers report the discovery of massive amounts of [[Abiogenesis#Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis|prebiotic molecule]]s, including precursors for [[RNA]], in the [[Galactic Center]] of the [[Milky Way Galaxy]].<ref name="SA-20220708">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Starr |first=Michelle |title=Loads of Precursors For RNA Have Been Detected in The Center of Our Galaxy |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-have-found-a-bunch-of-rna-precursors-in-the-galactic-center |date=8 July 2022 |work=[[ScienceAlert]] |access-date=9 July 2022 }}</ref><ref name="FASS-20220708">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Rivilla, Victor M. |display-authors=et al. |title=Molecular Precursors of the RNA-World in Space: New Nitriles in the G+0.693−0.027 Molecular Cloud |date=8 July 2022 |journal=[[Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences]] |volume=9 |page=876870 |doi=10.3389/fspas.2022.876870 |arxiv=2206.01053 |bibcode=2022FrASS...9.6870R |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*9 July &ndash; Researchers report the development of an efficient, secure and convenient method to separate, purify, store and transport large amounts of [[hydrogen economy|hydrogen for energy storage in renewables-based energy systems]] as powder using [[ball mill]]ing.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Mechanochemical breakthrough unlocks cheap, safe, powdered hydrogen |url=https://newatlas.com/energy/mechanochemical-breakthrough-unlocks-cheap-safe-powdered-hydrogen/ |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=19 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mateti |first1=Srikanth |last2=Zhang |first2=Chunmei |last3=Du |first3=Aijun |last4=Periasamy |first4=Selvakannan |last5=Chen |first5=Ying Ian |title=Superb storage and energy saving separation of hydrocarbon gases in boron nitride nanosheets via a mechanochemical process |journal=Materials Today |date=1 July 2022 |volume=57 |pages=26–34 |doi=10.1016/j.mattod.2022.06.004 |s2cid=250413503 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1369702122001614 |language=en |issn=1369-7021|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*11 July
**Researchers report the development of a [[deep learning]] system that learns intuitive physics from visual data (of virtual 3D environments) [[Artificial general intelligence|to some degree "from scratch"]] based on an [[reproducibility|unpublished]] approach inspired by studies of visual cognition in infants.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=DeepMind AI learns physics by watching videos that don't make sense |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2327766-deepmind-ai-learns-physics-by-watching-videos-that-dont-make-sense |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Piloto |first1=Luis S. |last2=Weinstein |first2=Ari |last3=Battaglia |first3=Peter |last4=Botvinick |first4=Matthew |title=Intuitive physics learning in a deep-learning model inspired by developmental psychology |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |date=11 July 2022 |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=1257–1267 |doi=10.1038/s41562-022-01394-8 |pmid=35817932 |pmc=9489531 |language=en |issn=2397-3374|doi-access=free}}</ref> On 25 July, other researchers report the development of a [[machine learning]] algorithm that could discover sets of basic variables [[Machine learning in physics|of various physical systems]] and predict the systems' future dynamics from video recordings of their behavior.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Feldman |first1=Andrey |title=Artificial physicist to unravel the laws of nature |url=https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/an-artificial-physicist-to-unravel-the-laws-of-nature/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Advanced Science News |date=11 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chen |first1=Boyuan |last2=Huang |first2=Kuang |last3=Raghupathi |first3=Sunand |last4=Chandratreya |first4=Ishaan |last5=Du |first5=Qiang |last6=Lipson |first6=Hod |title=Automated discovery of fundamental variables hidden in experimental data |journal=Nature Computational Science |date=July 2022 |volume=2 |issue=7 |pages=433–442 |doi=10.1038/s43588-022-00281-6 |s2cid=251087119 |language=en |issn=2662-8457}}</ref>
**News outlets report about the development of [[Algae bioreactor#Flat plate PBR|algae biopanels]] by a company for [[Renewable energy#Algae fuels|sustainable energy generation]] with unclear viability<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Algae biopanel windows make power, oxygen and biomass, and suck up CO2 |url=https://newatlas.com/energy/greenfluidics-algae-biopanels/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=11 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Paleja |first1=Ameya |title=Algae-filled panels could generate oxygen and electricity while absorbing CO2 |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/algae-filled-panels-generate-oxygen-electricity-absorbing-co2 |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=13 July 2022}}</ref> after other researchers built the self-powered [[Bionic architecture#Advantages|{{tooltip|2='Bio-Intelligent Quotient'|BIQ}} house prototype]] in 2013.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Talaei |first1=Maryam |last2=Mahdavinejad |first2=Mohammadjavad |last3=Azari |first3=Rahman |title=Thermal and energy performance of algae bioreactive façades: A review |journal=Journal of Building Engineering |date=1 March 2020 |volume=28 |pages=101011 |doi=10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101011 |s2cid=210245691 |language=en |issn=2352-7102}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wilkinson |first1=Sara |last2=Stoller |first2=Paul |last3=Ralph |first3=Peter |last4=Hamdorf |first4=Brenton |last5=Catana |first5=Laila Navarro |last6=Kuzava |first6=Gabriela Santana |title=Exploring the Feasibility of Algae Building Technology in NSW |journal=Procedia Engineering |date=1 January 2017 |volume=180 |pages=1121–1130 |doi=10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.272 |language=en |issn=1877-7058|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*12 July &ndash; [[NASA]] releases the first suite of images from the now fully operational [[James Webb Space Telescope]],<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.nasa.gov/webbfirstimages |title=First Images from the James Webb Space Telescope |work=NASA| date=12 July 2022| access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref> a day after releasing the [[Webb's First Deep Field]], the image of [[early universe]] with the highest resolution.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Garner |first1=Rob |title=NASA's Webb Delivers Deepest Infrared Image of Universe Yet |url=http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-delivers-deepest-infrared-image-of-universe-yet |website=NASA |access-date=22 August 2022 |date=11 July 2022}}</ref> On 14 July, NASA presents images of [[Jupiter]] and related areas captured, for the first time, and including [[infrared]] views, by the telescope.<ref name="NYT-20220715">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Shows Webb's View of Something Closer to Home: Jupiter - The powerful telescope will help scientists make discoveries both within our solar system and well beyond it. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/15/science/webb-telescope-jupiter-images.html |date=15 July 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=16 July 2022 }}</ref> On 19 July, scientists report what could be the earliest and most distant galaxy ever discovered, [[GLASS-z12]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Ryan |first1=Jackson |title=Did JWST Discover The Oldest Galaxy Ever Seen? It's Complicated |url=https://www.cnet.com/science/space/no-the-james-webb-space-telescope-didnt-find-the-oldest-galaxy-ever/ |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=CNET |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Naidu |first1=Rohan P. |last2=Oesch |first2=Pascal A. |last3=van Dokkum |first3=Pieter |last4=Nelson |first4=Erica J. |last5=Suess |first5=Katherine A. |last6=Whitaker |first6=Katherine E. |last7=Allen |first7=Natalie |last8=Bezanson |first8=Rachel |last9=Bouwens |first9=Rychard |last10=Brammer |first10=Gabriel |display-authors=et al. |title=Two Remarkably Luminous Galaxy Candidates at z ≈ 10–12 Revealed by JWST |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=19 July 2022|volume=940 |issue=1 |pages=L14 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac9b22 |arxiv=2207.09434 |bibcode=2022ApJ...940L..14N |s2cid=250644267 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Castellano |first1=Marco |last2=Fontana |first2=Adriano |last3=Treu |first3=Tommaso |last4=Santini |first4=Paola |last5=Merlin |first5=Emiliano |last6=Leethochawalit |first6=Nicha |last7=Trenti |first7=Michele |last8=Mestric |first8=Uros |last9=Vanzella |first9=Eros |last10=Bonchi |first10=Andrea |display-authors=et al. |title=Early Results from GLASS-JWST. III. Galaxy Candidates at z ~9–15 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=19 July 2022|volume=938 |issue=2 |pages=L15 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac94d0 |arxiv=2207.09436 |bibcode=2022ApJ...938L..15C |s2cid=250644263 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*13 July
**The discovery of [[fast radio burst]] [[Fast radio burst#FRB 191221|FRB 20191221A]] with an unusually long duration of three seconds is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Strickland |first1=Ashley |title=Mysterious fast radio burst in space has a 'heartbeat' pattern |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/13/world/heartbeat-fast-radio-burst-scn/index.html |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || url =https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04841-8 |title=Sub-second periodicity in a fast radio burst|journal=Nature|collaboration=The CHIME/FRB Collaboration |author=Bridget C. Andersen | date=13 July 2022|volume=607 |issue=7918 |pages=256–259 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04841-8 |pmid=35831603 |arxiv=2107.08463 |bibcode=2022Natur.607..256C |s2cid=236088032 | access-date =14 July 2022}}</ref>
**A study affirms (see [[#March|7 March]]) that [[Critical transition|critical slowing down]] indicators suggest that tropical, arid and temperate forests are substantially losing resilience.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Forests are becoming less resilient because of climate change |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2328268-forests-are-becoming-less-resilient-because-of-climate-change/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Forzieri |first1=Giovanni |last2=Dakos |first2=Vasilis |last3=McDowell |first3=Nate G. |last4=Ramdane |first4=Alkama |last5=Cescatti |first5=Alessandro |title=Emerging signals of declining forest resilience under climate change |journal=Nature |date=August 2022 |volume=608 |issue=7923 |pages=534–539 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04959-9 |pmid=35831499 |pmc=9385496 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref> On 4 July, Brazil's [[National Institute for Space Research|INPE]] reports that the country's regions of the [[Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest|Amazon rainforest have been deforested]] by a record amount in the first half of 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Pedroso |first1=Rodrigo |last2=Engels |first2=Jorge |title=Brazil sees record Amazon deforestation in first half of 2022 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/04/americas/brazil-amazon-record-deforestation-intl/index.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=CNN}}</ref>
**A study shows that [[Haematopoiesis|blood cells']] {{tooltip|2=called 'mosaic loss of chromosome Y' (mLOY)|loss of the [[Y chromosome#Human Y chromosome|Y chromosome]] in [[mosaicism|a subset of cells]]}}, reportedly affecting at least 40% of [[Stem cell theory of aging#Hematopoietic mosaic loss of chromosome Y|70 years-old]] men to some degree, contributes to [[fibrosis]], [[cardiac dysfunction|heart risks]], and mortality in a causal way.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Kolata |first1=Gina |title=As Y Chromosomes Vanish With Age, Heart Risks May Grow |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/14/health/y-chromosome-heart-failure.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=14 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sano |first1=Soichi |last2=Horitani |first2=Keita |last3=Ogawa |first3=Hayato |last4=Halvardson |first4=Jonatan |last5=Chavkin |first5=Nicholas W. |last6=Wang |first6=Ying |last7=Sano |first7=Miho |last8=Mattisson |first8=Jonas |last9=Hata |first9=Atsushi |last10=Danielsson |first10=Marcus |last11=Miura-Yura |first11=Emiri |last12=Zaghlool |first12=Ammar |last13=Evans |first13=Megan A. |last14=Fall |first14=Tove |last15=De Hoyos |first15=Henry N. |last16=Sundström |first16=Johan |last17=Yura |first17=Yoshimitsu |last18=Kour |first18=Anupreet |last19=Arai |first19=Yohei |last20=Thel |first20=Mark C. |last21=Arai |first21=Yuka |last22=Mychaleckyj |first22=Josyf C. |last23=Hirschi |first23=Karen K. |last24=Forsberg |first24=Lars A. |last25=Walsh |first25=Kenneth |title=Hematopoietic loss of Y chromosome leads to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure mortality |journal=Science |date=15 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6603 |pages=292–297 |doi=10.1126/science.abn3100 |pmid=35857592 |pmc=9437978 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..292S |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
**Researchers report the development of [[Thin-film solar cell|semitransparent solar cells]] that are as large as windows,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Huang |first1=Xinjing |last2=Fan |first2=Dejiu |last3=Li |first3=Yongxi |last4=Forrest |first4=Stephen R. |title=Multilevel peel-off patterning of a prototype semitransparent organic photovoltaic module |journal=Joule |date=20 July 2022 |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=1581–1589 |doi=10.1016/j.joule.2022.06.015 |s2cid=250541919 |url=https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(22)00289-6 |language=English |issn=2542-4785|url-access=subscription}}</ref> after team members achieved record efficiency with high transparency in 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Transparent solar panels for windows hit record 8% efficiency |url=https://news.umich.edu/transparent-solar-panels-for-windows-hit-record-8-efficiency/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=University of Michigan News |date=17 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Li |first1=Yongxi |last2=Guo |first2=Xia |last3=Peng |first3=Zhengxing |last4=Qu |first4=Boning |last5=Yan |first5=Hongping |last6=Ade |first6=Harald |last7=Zhang |first7=Maojie |last8=Forrest |first8=Stephen R. |title=Color-neutral, semitransparent organic photovoltaics for power window applications |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=September 2020 |volume=117 |issue=35 |pages=21147–21154 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2007799117 |pmid=32817532 |pmc=7474591 |bibcode=2020PNAS..11721147L |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free }}</ref> On 4 July, researchers report the fabrication of solar cells with a record average visible transparency of 79%, being nearly invisible.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=He |first1=Xing |last2=Iwamoto |first2=Yuta |last3=Kaneko |first3=Toshiro |last4=Kato |first4=Toshiaki |title=Fabrication of near-invisible solar cell with monolayer WS2 |journal=Scientific Reports |date=4 July 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=11315 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-15352-x |pmid=35787666 |pmc=9253307 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1211315H |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Necrobotics with a spider.png|thumb|25 July: Researchers introduce and demonstrate {{tooltip|2=the use of dead natural biotic components or organisms as robotic components|the concept of [[necrobotics]]}}.]]
[[File:Myoglobin.png|thumb|28 July: AI company [[DeepMind]] reports that its [[AlphaFold]] program has determined the likely [[protein folding|structure]] of nearly every protein known to science.]]
*18 July 
**A survey of more than 3,000 experts finds that the [[Holocene extinction|extinction crisis]] could be worse than previously thought, and estimates that roughly 30% of species "have been globally threatened or driven extinct since the year 1500."<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Melillo|first=Gianna |date=July 19, 2022 |title=Threat of global extinction may be greater than previously thought, study finds|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/sustainability/environment/3565945-threat-of-global-extinction-may-be-greater-than-previously-thought-study-finds/|work=The Hill |location= |access-date=July 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Isbell|first1=Forest|last2=Balvanera|first2=Patricia|display-authors=etal.|date=2022 |title=Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fee.2536|journal=[[Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment]]|volume= 21|issue= 2|pages= 94–103|doi=10.1002/fee.2536|s2cid=250659953 }}</ref>
**The first "dormant" black hole (meaning it does not emit high levels of [[X-ray]] radiation) is identified outside the Milky Way. The object, with nine solar masses, orbits a rare [[O-type star]] in a system called VFTS 243 within the [[Large Magellanic Cloud]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2210/ |title='Black hole police' discover a dormant black hole outside our galaxy |work=ESO| date=18 July 2022| access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Shenar |first1=Tomer |last2=Sana |first2=Hugues |last3=Mahy |first3=Laurent |last4=El-Badry |first4=Kareem |last5=Marchant |first5=Pablo |last6=Langer |first6=Norbert |last7=Hawcroft |first7=Calum |last8=Fabry |first8=Matthias |last9=Sen |first9=Koushik |last10=Almeida |first10=Leonardo A. |display-authors=et al. |title=An X-ray-quiet black hole born with a negligible kick in a massive binary within the Large Magellanic Cloud |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=18 July 2022 |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=1085–1092 |doi=10.1038/s41550-022-01730-y|arxiv=2207.07675|bibcode=2022NatAs...6.1085S |s2cid=250626810 }}</ref>
**A study shows that [[Effects of climate change on oceans|climate change-related]] exceptional [[marine heatwave]]s in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] during 2015–2019 resulted in widespread mass sealife die-offs in five consecutive years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Marine heatwave: Record sea temperatures seen in the Mediterranean could devastate marine life |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/marine-heatwave-sea-temperaturesmediterranean |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=20 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Garrabou |first1=Joaquim |last2=Gómez-Gras |first2=Daniel |last3=Medrano |first3=Alba |last4=Cerrano |first4=Carlo |last5=Ponti |first5=Massimo |last6=Schlegel |first6=Robert |last7=Bensoussan |first7=Nathaniel |last8=Turicchia |first8=Eva |last9=Sini |first9=Maria |last10=Gerovasileiou |first10=Vasilis |display-authors=et al. |title=Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea |journal=Global Change Biology |date=18 July 2022 |volume=28 |issue=19 |pages=5708–5725 |doi=10.1111/gcb.16301 |pmid=35848527 |pmc=9543131 |hdl=10754/679702 |s2cid=250622761 |language=en |issn=1354-1013}}</ref>
*20 July &ndash; Scientists report that [[SARS-CoV-2]] builds [[tunneling nanotube]]s from nose cells to gain access [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes|to the brain]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Coronavirus may enter the brain by building tiny tunnels from the nose |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2329543-coronavirus-may-enter-the-brain-by-building-tiny-tunnels-from-the-nose/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pepe |first1=Anna |last2=Pietropaoli |first2=Stefano |last3=Vos |first3=Matthijn |last4=Barba-Spaeth |first4=Giovanna |last5=Zurzolo |first5=Chiara |title=Tunneling nanotubes provide a route for SARS-CoV-2 spreading |journal=Science Advances |date=22 July 2022 |volume=8 |issue=29 |pages=eabo0171 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abo0171 |pmid=35857849 |pmc=9299553 |bibcode=2022SciA....8O.171P |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*21 July
**A potential [[gene therapy]] cure for [[haemophilia B]], which corrects the genetic defect associated with the condition is announced with trial results by doctors. It caused a sustained increase in factor IX activity in 9 of 10 patients in the small trial.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-62240061 |title=Transformational therapy cures haemophilia B |work=BBC News| date=21 July 2022| access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chowdary |first1=Pratima |last2=Shapiro |first2=Susan |last3=Makris |first3=Mike |last4=Evans |first4=Gillian |last5=Boyce |first5=Sara |last6=Talks |first6=Kate |last7=Dolan |first7=Gerard |last8=Reiss |first8=Ulrike |last9=Phillips |first9=Mark |last10=Riddell |first10=Anne |last11=Peralta |first11=Maria R. |last12=Quaye |first12=Michelle |last13=Patch |first13=David W. |last14=Tuddenham |first14=Edward |last15=Dane |first15=Allison |last16=Watissée |first16=Marie |last17=Long |first17=Alison |last18=Nathwani |first18=Amit |title=Phase 1–2 Trial of AAVS3 Gene Therapy in Patients with Hemophilia B |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=20 July 2022 |volume=387 |issue=3 |pages=237–247 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2119913 |pmid=35857660 |s2cid=250697905 |url=https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/189484/ |language=en}}</ref>
**Sunspot AR3060 explodes early in the morning. It releases a C-5 class [[solar flare]], and a "solar tsunami". The [[NOAA]] predicts that a geomagnetic storm from this event will strike the Earth on 23 July, between 0000 UTC and 0400 UTC, as a G2 class storm, with a slight chance of a G3 storm. [[Aurora]]e could be visible as far south as 50° N latitude.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Spaceweather.com Time Machine |url=https://www.spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=21&month=07&year=2022 |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=www.spaceweather.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-22 |title="Full-halo" solar storm from tsunami on sun surface headed for Earth |url=https://www.newsweek.com/full-halo-solar-storm-hitting-earth-aurora-1727057 |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Spaceweather.com Time Machine |url=https://www.spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=22&month=07&year=2022 |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=www.spaceweather.com}}</ref>{{update inline|date=August 2022}}
**Researchers report the development of [[deep learning]] software that can [[protein design|design proteins]] that contain prespecified functional sites.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Biologists train AI to generate medicines and vaccines |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-07-biologists-ai-medicines-vaccines.html |work=University of Washington-Harborview Medical Center |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Jue |last2=Lisanza |first2=Sidney |last3=Juergens |first3=David |last4=Tischer |first4=Doug |last5=Watson |first5=Joseph L. |last6=Castro |first6=Karla M. |last7=Ragotte |first7=Robert |last8=Saragovi |first8=Amijai |last9=Milles |first9=Lukas F. |last10=Baek |first10=Minkyung |last11=Anishchenko |first11=Ivan |last12=Yang |first12=Wei |last13=Hicks |first13=Derrick R. |last14=Expòsit |first14=Marc |last15=Schlichthaerle |first15=Thomas |last16=Chun |first16=Jung-Ho |last17=Dauparas |first17=Justas |last18=Bennett |first18=Nathaniel |last19=Wicky |first19=Basile I. M. |last20=Muenks |first20=Andrew |last21=DiMaio |first21=Frank |last22=Correia |first22=Bruno |last23=Ovchinnikov |first23=Sergey |last24=Baker |first24=David |title=Scaffolding protein functional sites using deep learning |journal=Science |date=22 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6604 |pages=387–394 |doi=10.1126/science.abn2100 |pmid=35862514 |pmc=9621694 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..387W |s2cid=250953434 |url=https://www.ipd.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/science.abn2100.pdf |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
*23 July &ndash; The [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) declares the recent [[2022 monkeypox outbreak|monkeypox outbreak]] a [[Public Health Emergency of International Concern]], as the number of reported cases worldwide exceeds 17,000.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-23 |title=Monkeypox declared global health emergency by WHO as cases surge |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/23/monkeypox-who-declares-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> In July, scientists reported that the window to be able to contain the outbreak is closing or has closed.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The world is 'losing the window' to contain monkeypox, experts warn |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/who-losing-effort-contain-monkeypox-virus |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=Science News |date=22 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox: US experts issue warning amid limited vaccines and testing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/18/monkeypox-vaccines-testing-us-latest-warning-threat |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> On 5 July, a [[preprint]] indicates there can be asymptomatic infections.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Baetselier |first1=Irith De |last2=Dijck |first2=Christophe Van |last3=Kenyon |first3=Chris |last4=Coppens |first4=Jasmine |last5=Bossche |first5=Dorien Van den |last6=Smet |first6=Hilde |last7=Liesenborghs |first7=Laurens |last8=Vanroye |first8=Fien |last9=Block |first9=Tessa de |last10=Rezende |first10=Antonio |last11=Florence |first11=Eric |last12=Vercauteren |first12=Koen |last13=Esbroeck |first13=Marjan Van |last14=Group |first14=the Monkeypox study |title=Asymptomatic monkeypox virus infections among male sexual health clinic attendees in Belgium |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.04.22277226v1.full-text |journal=Nature Medicine |pages=2022.07.04.22277226 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.07.04.22277226 |date=5 July 2022 |s2cid=250132474 }}</ref> On 27 July, an analysis of studies [[science journalism|by a journalist]] indicates that "about 10-to-15% of cases have been hospitalized, mostly for pain and bacterial infections that can occur as a result of monkeypox lesions".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Analysis {{!}} Understanding Monkeypox and How Outbreaks Spread |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/understanding-monkeypox-and-how-outbreaks-spread/2022/07/27/9673e7f2-0d83-11ed-88e8-c58dc3dbaee2_story.html |access-date=23 August 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Studies published in August indicated hospitalizations of small cohorts of early patients were 8%<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Philpott |first1=David |title=Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Monkeypox Cases — United States, May 17–July 22, 2022 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=2022 |volume=71 |issue=32 |pages=1018–1022 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7132e3 |pmid=35951487 |pmc=9400536 |language=en-us |issn=0149-2195}}</ref> and 13%.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Thornhill |first1=John P. |last2=Barkati |first2=Sapha |last3=Walmsley |first3=Sharon |last4=Rockstroh |first4=Juergen |last5=Antinori |first5=Andrea |last6=Harrison |first6=Luke B. |last7=Palich |first7=Romain |last8=Nori |first8=Achyuta |last9=Reeves |first9=Iain |last10=Habibi |first10=Maximillian S. |last11=Apea |first11=Vanessa |last12=Boesecke |first12=Christoph |last13=Vandekerckhove |first13=Linos |last14=Yakubovsky |first14=Michal |last15=Sendagorta |first15=Elena |last16=Blanco |first16=Jose L. |last17=Florence |first17=Eric |last18=Moschese |first18=Davide |last19=Maltez |first19=Fernando M. |last20=Goorhuis |first20=Abraham |last21=Pourcher |first21=Valerie |last22=Migaud |first22=Pascal |last23=Noe |first23=Sebastian |last24=Pintado |first24=Claire |last25=Maggi |first25=Fabrizio |last26=Hansen |first26=Ann-Brit E. |last27=Hoffmann |first27=Christian |last28=Lezama |first28=Jezer I. |last29=Mussini |first29=Cristina |last30=Cattelan |first30=AnnaMaria |last31=Makofane |first31=Keletso |last32=Tan |first32=Darrell |last33=Nozza |first33=Silvia |last34=Nemeth |first34=Johannes |last35=Klein |first35=Marina B. |last36=Orkin |first36=Chloe M. |title=Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries — April–June 2022 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=21 July 2022 |volume=387 |issue=8 |pages=679–691 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2207323 |pmid=35866746 |s2cid=250953579 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03939104/file/nejmoa2207323.pdf |language=en}}</ref>
*25 July
**Researchers introduce {{tooltip|2=the use of dead natural biotic components or organisms as robotic components|the concept of [[necrobotics]]}} and demonstrate it by [[soft robotics|repurposing dead spiders as robotic grippers]] by activating their gripping arms via applying pressurized air.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists turned dead spiders into robots |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/dead-wolf-spiders-robots-necrobots |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Science News |date=4 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Yap |first1=Te Faye |last2=Liu |first2=Zhen |last3=Rajappan |first3=Anoop |last4=Shimokusu |first4=Trevor J. |last5=Preston |first5=Daniel J. |title=Necrobotics: Biotic Materials as Ready-to-Use Actuators |journal=Advanced Science |date=25 July 2022 |volume=9 |issue=29 |pages=2201174 |doi=10.1002/advs.202201174 |pmid=35875913 |pmc=9561765 |language=en |issn=2198-3844|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Researchers [[scientific review|review]] the scientific literature on [[100% renewable energy]], addressing various issues, outlining open [[research question]]s, and concluding there to be growing consensus, research and empirical evidence concerning its feasibility worldwide.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Shakeel |first1=Fatima |title=The World Can Achieve A 100% Renewable Energy System By 2050, Researchers Say |url=https://wonderfulengineering.com/renewable-energy-systems-could-be-possible-by-2050/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=Wonderful Engineering |date=12 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Breyer |first1=Christian |last2=Khalili |first2=Siavash |last3=Bogdanov |first3=Dmitrii |last4=Ram |first4=Manish |last5=Oyewo |first5=Ayobami Solomon |last6=Aghahosseini |first6=Arman |last7=Gulagi |first7=Ashish |last8=Solomon |first8=A. A. |last9=Keiner |first9=Dominik |last10=Lopez |first10=Gabriel |last11=Østergaard |first11=Poul Alberg |last12=Lund |first12=Henrik |last13=Mathiesen |first13=Brian V. |last14=Jacobson |first14=Mark Z. |last15=Victoria |first15=Marta |last16=Teske |first16=Sven |last17=Pregger |first17=Thomas |last18=Fthenakis |first18=Vasilis |last19=Raugei |first19=Marco |last20=Holttinen |first20=Hannele |last21=Bardi |first21=Ugo |last22=Hoekstra |first22=Auke |last23=Sovacool |first23=Benjamin K. |title=On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research |journal=IEEE Access |date=2022 |volume=10 |pages=78176–78218 |doi=10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3193402 |issn=2169-3536|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*26 July &ndash; Scientists analyse 2.8 million of the sequenced [[SARS-CoV-2]] genomes and use the results to compile a 'mutations blacklist' of virus weak spots, and a 'whitelist' of mutations that would make it more transmissible.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-26 |title= Study identifies regions on the SARS-CoV-2 genome linked to virus replication and transmission |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960026 |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=EurekAlert!}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sun |first1=Yamin |last2=Wang |first2=Min |last3=Lin |first3=Wenchao |last4=Dong |first4=Wei |last5=Xu |first5=Jianguo |title="Mutation blacklist" and "mutation whitelist" of SARS-CoV-2 |journal=Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity |date=1 December 2022 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=114–120 |doi=10.1016/j.jobb.2022.06.006 |pmid=35845149 |pmc=9273572 |language=en |issn=2588-9338}}</ref>
*27 July &ndash; Progress towards a [[Universal coronavirus vaccine|pan coronavirus vaccine]] is announced, following tests on mice. Antibodies targeting the S2 subunit of [[SARS-CoV-2]]'s [[spike protein]] are found to neutralise multiple coronavirus variants.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-27 |title=UK scientists take 'promising' step towards single Covid and cold vaccine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/27/uk-scientists-take-promising-step-towards-single-covid-and-cold-vaccine |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ng |first1=Kevin W. |last2=Faulkner |first2=Nikhil |last3=Finsterbusch |first3=Katja |last4=Wu |first4=Mary |last5=Harvey |first5=Ruth |last6=Hussain |first6=Saira |last7=Greco |first7=Maria |last8=Liu |first8=Yafei |last9=Kjaer |first9=Svend |last10=Swanton |first10=Charles |last11=Gandhi |first11=Sonia |last12=Beale |first12=Rupert |last13=Gamblin |first13=Steve J. |last14=Cherepanov |first14=Peter |last15=McCauley |first15=John |last16=Daniels |first16=Rodney |last17=Howell |first17=Michael |last18=Arase |first18=Hisashi |last19=Wack |first19=Andreas |last20=Bauer |first20=David L.V. |last21=Kassiotis |first21=George |title=SARS-CoV-2 S2–targeted vaccination elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies |journal=Science Translational Medicine |date=27 July 2022 |volume=14 |issue=655 |pages=eabn3715 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3715 |pmid=35895836 |language=en |issn=1946-6234|doi-access=free}}
* Press release: {{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-27 |title=Promising developments in pursuit to design pan-coronavirus vaccine |url=https://www.crick.ac.uk/news/2022-07-27_promising-developments-in-pursuit-to-design-pan-coronavirus-vaccine |access-date=2022-07-28 |work=[[Francis Crick Institute]]}}</ref>
*28 July
**[[DeepMind]] announces that its [[AlphaFold]] program has uncovered the structures of more than 200 million [[Protein folding|folded]] [[proteins]], essentially all of those known to science.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=DeepMind uncovers structure of 200m proteins in scientific leap forward |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jul/28/deepmind-uncovers-structure-of-200m-proteins-in-scientific-leap-forward |access-date=2022-07-28|date=2022-07-28 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=AlphaFold reveals the structure of the protein universe |url=https://www.deepmind.com/blog/alphafold-reveals-the-structure-of-the-protein-universe |access-date=2022-07-28|date=2022-07-28 |website=DeepMind}}</ref>
**Researchers report the development of a [[Wearable technology#Wearable technology and health|wearable]] [[bioadhesive]] [[Stretchable electronics|stretchable]] high-resolution [[Medical ultrasound|ultrasound]] imaging patch for days-long continuous [[Medical imaging#Ultrasound|imaging of diverse organs]] which may enable novel diagnostic and monitoring tools.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=This stick-on ultrasound patch could let you watch your own heart beat |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ultrasound-patch-skin-watch-heart-beat-personalized-medicine |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Science News |date=28 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Chonghe |last2=Chen |first2=Xiaoyu |last3=Wang |first3=Liu |last4=Makihata |first4=Mitsutoshi |last5=Liu |first5=Hsiao-Chuan |last6=Zhou |first6=Tao |last7=Zhao |first7=Xuanhe |title=Bioadhesive ultrasound for long-term continuous imaging of diverse organs |journal=Science |date=29 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6605 |pages=517–523 |doi=10.1126/science.abo2542 |pmid=35901155 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..517W |s2cid=251158622 |url=http://zhao.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/162.pdf |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
**First reported discovery of an [[pollinator|animal helping algae reproduce]]<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Roth |first1=Annie |title=Like Bees of the Seas, These Crustaceans Pollinate Seaweed |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/28/science/pollination-algae-crustacean.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=28 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lavaut |first1=E. |last2=Guillemin |first2=M.-L. |last3=Colin |first3=S. |last4=Faure |first4=A. |last5=Coudret |first5=J. |last6=Destombe |first6=C. |last7=Valero |first7=M. |title=Pollinators of the sea: A discovery of animal-mediated fertilization in seaweed |journal=Science |date=29 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6605 |pages=528–530 |doi=10.1126/science.abo6661 |pmid=35901149 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..528L |s2cid=251159505 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> after [[pollination]] in the sea was first reported in 2016.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=van Tussenbroek |first1=Brigitta I. |last2=Villamil |first2=Nora |last3=Márquez-Guzmán |first3=Judith |last4=Wong |first4=Ricardo |last5=Monroy-Velázquez |first5=L. Verónica |last6=Solis-Weiss |first6=Vivianne |title=Experimental evidence of pollination in marine flowers by invertebrate fauna |journal=Nature Communications |date=29 September 2016 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=12980 |doi=10.1038/ncomms12980 |pmid=27680661 |pmc=5056424 |bibcode=2016NatCo...712980V |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Researchers report the development of nanoscale [[Neuromorphic engineering|brain-inspired]] [[Physical neural network|artificial synapses]], using [[Proton#Hydrogen ion|the ion proton]] ({{chem2|H+}}), for 'analog [[deep learning]]'.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Artificial synapse' could make neural networks work more like brains |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2331368-artificial-synapse-could-make-neural-networks-work-more-like-brains/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Onen |first1=Murat |last2=Emond |first2=Nicolas |last3=Wang |first3=Baoming |last4=Zhang |first4=Difei |last5=Ross |first5=Frances M. |last6=Li |first6=Ju |last7=Yildiz |first7=Bilge |last8=del Alamo |first8=Jesús A. |title=Nanosecond protonic programmable resistors for analog deep learning |journal=Science |date=29 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6605 |pages=539–543 |doi=10.1126/science.abp8064 |pmid=35901152 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..539O |s2cid=251159631 |url=http://li.mit.edu/Archive/Papers/22/Onen22EmondScience.pdf |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
**Scientists report the discovery of chemical reactions by potential [[primordial soup]] components that produced [[amino acid]]s and may be part of [[abiogenesis|the origin of life on Earth]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Newly discovered chemical reactions could explain the origin of life |url=https://newatlas.com/biology/new-chemical-reactions-origin-life/ |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=29 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pulletikurti |first1=Sunil |last2=Yadav |first2=Mahipal |last3=Springsteen |first3=Greg |last4=Krishnamurthy |first4=Ramanarayanan |title=Prebiotic synthesis of α-amino acids and orotate from α-ketoacids potentiates transition to extant metabolic pathways |journal=Nature Chemistry |date=28 July 2022 |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=1142–1150 |doi=10.1038/s41557-022-00999-w |pmid=35902742 |bibcode=2022NatCh..14.1142P |s2cid=245765723 |url=https://go.nature.com/3zr1TfJ |language=en |issn=1755-4349}}</ref>
*29 July
**In a [[preprint]], scientists from [[Avi Loeb#The Galileo Project|the Galileo Project]] describe a planned expedition to retrieve small fragments of interstellar meteor [[CNEOS 2014-01-08]], which <!--according to the project's lead scientist -->"appears to be rare both in composition and in speed" and is not ruled out to be "extraterrestrial equipment",<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Loeb |first1=Avi |author1-link=Avi Loeb |title=The First Interstellar Meteor Had a Larger Material Strength Than Iron Meteorites |url=https://avi-loeb.medium.com/the-first-interstellar-meteor-had-a-larger-material-strength-than-iron-meteorites-bd8680ffaeb2 |website=Medium |access-date=21 August 2022 |language=en |date=18 April 2022}}</ref> using a magnetic sled on the seafloor of the impact region.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Carter |first1=Jamie |title=Astronomers plan to fish an interstellar meteorite out of the ocean using a massive magnet |url=https://www.livescience.com/interstellar-asteroid-fishing-expedition |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=livescience.com |date=9 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite arXiv|last1=Siraj |first1=Amir |last2=Loeb |first2=Abraham |last3=Gallaudet |first3=Tim |title=An Ocean Expedition by the Galileo Project to Retrieve Fragments of the First Large Interstellar Meteor CNEOS 2014-01-08 |date=5 August 2022|class=astro-ph.EP |eprint=2208.00092 }}</ref>
**A study, that reanalyzes data used in [[2021 in science#October|a study by DeSilva et al. (2021)]], indicates that [[Brain size#Humans|human brain size]] did not decrease over the last three thousand years as suggested by this study nor within 300 ka as suggested by other studies. It concludes that "the samples need to be specific enough to test the hypothesis across different times and populations".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Corless |first1=Victoria |title=No, the human brain did not shrink |url=https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/no-the-human-brain-did-not-shrink/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Advanced Science News |date=18 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Villmoare |first1=Brian |last2=Grabowski |first2=Mark |title=Did the transition to complex societies in the Holocene drive a reduction in brain size? A reassessment of the DeSilva et al. (2021) hypothesis |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |date=2022 |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2022.963568 |issn=2296-701X|doi-access=free}}</ref>

===August===
[[File:Cascading global climate failure.jpg|thumb|1 August: Researchers report that [[Climate apocalypse|the risk]] of [[Effects of climate change#Possibility of societal collapse|climate change (indirectly) resulting in]] worldwide [[societal collapse]], or possibly eventual [[human extinction]], is a "dangerously underexplored" [[global issue|global]] [[research question|topic]].<ref name="10.1073/pnas.2108146119"/>]]
*1 August
**A [[meta-analysis]] of [[policy studies]] concludes that [[international treaties]] that aim to foster [[Global governance|global cooperation]] have mostly failed to produce their [[goal|intended effects]] in addressing [[Global issue|global challenges]], with the exception of [[international trade]] and [[International finance|finance]] regulations<!--, and sometimes even leading to unintended harmful effects-->. The study suggests [[Enforcement#Enforcement mechanisms|enforcement mechanisms]] are the "only modifiable [[Policy|treaty design choice]]" with the potential to improve the [[effectiveness]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Most international treaties are ineffective, Canadian study finds |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/most-international-treaties-are-ineffective-canadian-study-finds-1.6013086 |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=CTVNews |date=3 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hoffman |first1=Steven J. |last2=Baral |first2=Prativa |last3=Rogers Van Katwyk |first3=Susan |last4=Sritharan |first4=Lathika |last5=Hughsam |first5=Matthew |last6=Randhawa |first6=Harkanwal |last7=Lin |first7=Gigi |last8=Campbell |first8=Sophie |last9=Campus |first9=Brooke |last10=Dantas |first10=Maria |last11=Foroughian |first11=Neda |last12=Groux |first12=Gaëlle |last13=Gunn |first13=Elliot |last14=Guyatt |first14=Gordon |last15=Habibi |first15=Roojin |last16=Karabit |first16=Mina |last17=Karir |first17=Aneesh |last18=Kruja |first18=Krista |last19=Lavis |first19=John N. |authorlink19=John Lavis |last20=Lee |first20=Olivia |last21=Li |first21=Binxi |last22=Nagi |first22=Ranjana |last23=Naicker |first23=Kiyuri |last24=Røttingen |first24=John-Arne |last25=Sahar |first25=Nicola |last26=Srivastava |first26=Archita |last27=Tejpar |first27=Ali |last28=Tran |first28=Maxwell |last29=Zhang |first29=Yu-qing |last30=Zhou |first30=Qi |last31=Poirier |first31=Mathieu J. P. |title=International treaties have mostly failed to produce their intended effects |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=9 August 2022 |volume=119 |issue=32 |pages=e2122854119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2122854119 |pmid=35914153 |pmc=9372541 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11922854H |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Do international treaties actually work? Study says they mostly don't |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-08-international-treaties-dont.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=[[York University]] |language=en}}</ref>
**The discovery of a [[super-Earth]] around the red dwarf star [[Ross 508]] is reported. Part of the planet's [[elliptical orbit]] takes it within the [[habitable zone]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Super-Earth Skimming Habitable Zone of Red Dwarf |url=https://www.nao.ac.jp/en/news/science/2022/20220801-subaru.html |access-date=10 August 2022|date=1 August 2022 |website=National Astronomical Observatory of Japan}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Harakawa |first1=Hiroki |last2=Takarada |first2=Takuya |last3=Kasagi |first3=Yui |display-authors=et al. |title=A super-Earth orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 508 |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |date=4 August 2022 |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=904–922 |doi=10.1093/pasj/psac044 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Researchers report that [[Climate apocalypse|the risk]] of [[Effects of climate change#Possibility of societal collapse|climate change (indirectly) resulting in]] worldwide [[societal collapse]], or possibly eventual [[human extinction]], is a "dangerously underexplored" [[global issue|global]] [[research question|topic]], despite [[Climate endgame|there being indications of such being possible]] as [[worst-case scenario]]s and "[[Integrated assessment modelling|integrated]] catastrophe [[Risk assessment|assessment]]" missing.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate endgame: risk of human extinction 'dangerously underexplored' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/aug/01/climate-endgame-risk-human-extinction-scientists-global-heating-catastrophe |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=1 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="10.1073/pnas.2108146119">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kemp |first1=Luke |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Depledge |first3=Joanna |last4=Ebi |first4=Kristie L. |authorlink4=Kristie Ebi |last5=Gibbins |first5=Goodwin |last6=Kohler |first6=Timothy A. |last7=Rockström |first7=Johan |authorlink7=Johan Rockström |last8=Scheffer |first8=Marten |authorlink8=Marten Scheffer |last9=Schellnhuber |first9=Hans Joachim |authorlink9=Hans Joachim Schellnhuber |last10=Steffen |first10=Will |last11=Lenton |first11=Timothy M. |title=Climate Endgame: Exploring catastrophic climate change scenarios |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=23 August 2022 |volume=119 |issue=34 |pages=e2108146119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2108146119 |pmid=35914185 |pmc=9407216 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11908146K |language=en |issn=0027-8424 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Israeli researchers report {{tooltip|2=this research is controversial and potential applications include "uncovering the role of different genes in birth defects or developmental disorders", "understand why some pregnancies fail", and developing sources "of organs and tissues for people who need them"|the achievement}} of first stem-cell derived [[Ectogenesis#Synthetic embryo|synthetic embryos]],<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal||last1=Tarazi|first1=Shadi|last2=Aguilera-Castrejon|first2=Alejandro|last3=Joubran|first3=Carine|last4=Ghanem|first4=Nadir|last5=Ashouokhi|first5=Shahd|last6=Roncato|first6=Francesco|last7=Wildschutz|first7=Emilie|last8=Haddad|first8=Montaser|last9=Oldak|first9=Bernardo|last10=Gomez-Cesar|first10=Elidet|last11=Livnat|first11=Nir|last12=Viukov|first12=Sergey|last13=Lokshtanov|first13=Dmitry|last14=Naveh-Tassa|first14=Segev|last15=Rose|first15=Max|date=1 September 2022|title=Post-gastrulation synthetic embryos generated ex utero from mouse naive ESCs|journal=Cell|language=English|volume=185|issue=18|pages=3290–3306.e25|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.028|issn=0092-8674|pmc=9439721|pmid=35988542|doi-access=free|last16=Hanna|first16=Suhair|last17=Raanan|first17=Calanit|last18=Brenner|first18=Ori|last19=Kedmi|first19=Merav|last20=Keren-Shaul|first20=Hadas|last21=Lapidot|first21=Tsvee|last22=Maza|first22=Itay|last23=Novershtern|first23=Noa|last24=Hanna|first24=Jacob H.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Johnson |first=Carolyn Y. |date=2022-08-01 |title=Scientists create synthetic mouse embryos, a potential key to healing humans |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/08/01/synthetic-mouse-embryo/ |access-date=2023-09-16 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> which are "organ-filled" and were grown solely from mouse [[embryonic stem cell]]s, without sperm or eggs or a uterus, [[Development of the nervous system in humans#Embryonic brain development research|with natural-like development]] and some surviving until day 8.5 where early [[organogenesis]], including [[Human embryonic development#Nervous system|formation of foundations of a brain]], occurs.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=Scientists create world's first 'synthetic embryos'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/aug/03/scientists-create-worlds-first-synthetic-embryos|access-date=16 September 2022|work=The Guardian|date=3 August 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Israeli Scientist Creates World's First Synthetic Embryo Using Just Stem Cells |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-08-07/ty-article/.premium/israeli-scientist-creates-worlds-first-synthetic-embryo-using-just-stem-cells/00000182-7801-d9c2-afa6-ffb989780000 |access-date=2023-09-16}}</ref> They grew ''[[in vitro]]'' and subsequently ''ex utero'' in [[Artificial womb#Research and development|an artificial womb]]  devised in the year before by the same team.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Aguilera-Castrejon |first1=Alejandro |last2=Oldak |first2=Bernardo |last3=Shani |first3=Tom |last4=Ghanem |first4=Nadir |last5=Itzkovich |first5=Chen |last6=Slomovich |first6=Sharon |last7=Tarazi |first7=Shadi |last8=Bayerl |first8=Jonathan |last9=Chugaeva |first9=Valeriya |last10=Ayyash |first10=Muneef |last11=Ashouokhi |first11=Shahd |last12=Sheban |first12=Daoud |last13=Livnat |first13=Nir |last14=Lasman |first14=Lior |last15=Viukov |first15=Sergey |date=May 2021 |title=Ex utero mouse embryogenesis from pre-gastrulation to late organogenesis |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03416-3 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=593 |issue=7857 |pages=119–124 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03416-3 |pmid=33731940 |bibcode=2021Natur.593..119A |s2cid=232296340 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
*2 August
**Scientists conclude that the overall transgressed (''see [[January–March 2022 in science#January|18 January]]'') [[planetary boundary]] for "novel entities" (NEs) is a placeholder for multiple different boundaries for NEs that may emerge, reporting that [[Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances|PFAS pollution]] is one such new boundary. They show that levels of these so-called "[[forever chemicals]]" in [[rainwater]] are ubiquitously, and often greatly, above guideline safe levels worldwide.<ref name="bbc62391069">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Pollution: 'Forever chemicals' in rainwater exceed safe levels |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62391069 |access-date=14 September 2022 |work=BBC News |date=2 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cousins |first1=Ian T. |last2=Johansson |first2=Jana H. |last3=Salter |first3=Matthew E. |last4=Sha |first4=Bo |last5=Scheringer |first5=Martin |title=Outside the Safe Operating Space of a New Planetary Boundary for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |date=16 August 2022 |volume=56 |issue=16 |pages=11172–11179 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.2c02765 |pmid=35916421 |pmc=9387091 |bibcode=2022EnST...5611172C |language=en |issn=0013-936X|doi-access=free}}</ref> There are moves to restrict and replace their use.<ref name="bbc62391069"/><br/>On 18 August, a simple method of breaking down these chemicals once they have been pulled out of contaminated water or soil<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |title=Forever Chemicals No More? PFAS Are Destroyed With New Technique |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/18/science/pfas-forever-chemicals.html |access-date=14 September 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=18 August 2022}}</ref> is described.<!-- It targets weaker charged oxygen atoms at the end of the long tail of carbon-fluorine bonds.--><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=PFAS: Possible breakthrough to destroy harmful 'forever chemicals' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-62561756 |date=19 August 2022|access-date=19 August 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Trang |first1=Brittany |last2=Li |first2=Yuli |last3=Xue |first3=Xiao-Song |last4=Ateia |first4=Mohamed |last5=Houk |first5=K. N. |last6=Dichtel |first6=William R. |title=Low-temperature mineralization of perfluorocarboxylic acids |journal=Science |date=19 August 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6608 |pages=839–845 |doi=10.1126/science.abm8868 |pmid=35981038 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..839T |s2cid=251670491 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm8868 |issn=1095-9203|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**A [[preprint]]<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=David |first1=Leonard |title=On the trail of unidentified aerial phenomenon: the Galileo Project looks ahead |url=https://www.space.com/galileo-project-uap-ufos-one-year-update |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Space.com |date=23 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> describes the [[Science funding|donations-funded]] plans of [[The Galileo Project]] in detail: a systematic scientific research program [[Search for extraterrestrial intelligence|searching for (signs of) extraterrestrial technological civilizations (ETCs)]] on and near Earth.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Loeb |first1=Abraham |title=Overview of the Galileo Project |journal=Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation |year=2023 |doi=10.1142/S2251171723400032 |arxiv=2209.02479 |bibcode=2023JAI....1240003L |s2cid=252089170 }}</ref>
*3 August &ndash; Scientists report an [[Machine perfusion|organ perfusion system]] that can restore, i.e. on the cellular level, multiple vital (pig) organs one hour after death (during which the body had warm [[ischaemia]]),<ref name="bbc62406350">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Pig organs partially revived hour after death |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-62406350 |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=BBC News |date=3 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Andrijevic |first1=David |last2=Vrselja |first2=Zvonimir |last3=Lysyy |first3=Taras |last4=Zhang |first4=Shupei |last5=Skarica |first5=Mario |last6=Spajic |first6=Ana |last7=Dellal |first7=David |last8=Thorn |first8=Stephanie L. |last9=Duckrow |first9=Robert B. |last10=Ma |first10=Shaojie |last11=Duy |first11=Phan Q. |last12=Isiktas |first12=Atagun U. |last13=Liang |first13=Dan |last14=Li |first14=Mingfeng |last15=Kim |first15=Suel-Kee |last16=Daniele |first16=Stefano G. |last17=Banu |first17=Khadija |last18=Perincheri |first18=Sudhir |last19=Menon |first19=Madhav C. |last20=Huttner |first20=Anita |last21=Sheth |first21=Kevin N. |last22=Gobeske |first22=Kevin T. |last23=Tietjen |first23=Gregory T. |last24=Zaveri |first24=Hitten P. |last25=Latham |first25=Stephen R. |last26=Sinusas |first26=Albert J. |last27=Sestan |first27=Nenad |title=Cellular recovery after prolonged warm ischaemia of the whole body |journal=Nature |date=August 2022 |volume=608 |issue=7922 |pages=405–412 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05016-1 |pmid=35922506 |pmc=9518831 |bibcode=2022Natur.608..405A |s2cid=251316299 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362458029 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref> after reporting a similar method/system for reviving<!--Resuscitation--> (pig) brains hours after death in 2019.<ref name="bbc62406350"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vrselja |first1=Zvonimir |last2=Daniele |first2=Stefano G. |last3=Silbereis |first3=John |last4=Talpo |first4=Francesca |last5=Morozov |first5=Yury M. |last6=Sousa |first6=André M. M. |last7=Tanaka |first7=Brian S. |last8=Skarica |first8=Mario |last9=Pletikos |first9=Mihovil |last10=Kaur |first10=Navjot |last11=Zhuang |first11=Zhen W. |last12=Liu |first12=Zhao |last13=Alkawadri |first13=Rafeed |last14=Sinusas |first14=Albert J. |last15=Latham |first15=Stephen R. |last16=Waxman |first16=Stephen G. |last17=Sestan |first17=Nenad |title=Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours post-mortem |journal=Nature |date=April 2019 |volume=568 |issue=7752 |pages=336–343 |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1099-1 |pmid=30996318 |pmc=6844189 |bibcode=2019Natur.568..336V |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> This could be used to preserve [[donor organ]]s or for revival in medical emergencies.<ref name="bbc62406350"/>
*4 August &ndash; Lab-made [[cartilage]] gel based on a synthetic [[hydrogel]] composite is found to have greater strength and wear resistance than natural cartilage, which could enable the durable resurfacing of damaged [[Joint|articulating joints]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Hydrogel that outperforms cartilage could be in human knees in 2023 |url=https://newatlas.com/medical/hydrogel-outperforms-natural-cartilage/ |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=15 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=A Synthetic Hydrogel Composite with a Strength and Wear Resistance Greater than Cartilage |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202205662 |access-date=4 August 2022|date=14 August 2022 |journal=Advanced Functional Materials|doi=10.1002/adfm.202205662 |last1=Zhao |first1=Jiacheng |last2=Tong |first2=Huayu |last3=Kirillova |first3=Alina |last4=Koshut |first4=William J. |last5=Malek |first5=Andrew |last6=Brigham |first6=Natasha C. |last7=Becker |first7=Matthew L. |last8=Gall |first8=Ken |last9=Wiley |first9=Benjamin J. |volume=32 |issue=41 |s2cid=251417385 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*8 August
**Researchers provide a dataset of [[standardization|standardized]] calculated detailed [[Life-cycle assessment|environmental impacts]] of >57,000 circulating [[sustainable food system|food]] [[Product (business)|products]], potentially e.g. informing consumers or [[policy]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=These are the UK supermarket items with the worst environmental impact |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2332392-these-are-the-uk-supermarket-items-with-the-worst-environmental-impact/ |access-date=14 September 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Clark |first1=Michael |last2=Springmann |first2=Marco |last3=Rayner |first3=Mike |last4=Scarborough |first4=Peter |last5=Hill |first5=Jason |last6=Tilman |first6=David |last7=Macdiarmid |first7=Jennie I. |last8=Fanzo |first8=Jessica |last9=Bandy |first9=Lauren |last10=Harrington |first10=Richard A. |title=Estimating the environmental impacts of 57,000 food products |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=16 August 2022 |volume=119 |issue=33 |pages=e2120584119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2120584119 |pmid=35939701 |pmc=9388151 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11920584C |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**A study {{tooltip|2=it concludes that '58% (that is, 218 out of 375) of infectious diseases confronted by humanity worldwide have been at some point aggravated by climatic hazards'|quantifies}} the large extent of [[Climate change and infectious diseases|climate change impacts on infectious diseases]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate impacts have worsened vast range of human diseases |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/aug/08/climate-crisis-study-human-diseases |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=8 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mora |first1=Camilo |last2=McKenzie |first2=Tristan |last3=Gaw |first3=Isabella M. |last4=Dean |first4=Jacqueline M. |last5=von Hammerstein |first5=Hannah |last6=Knudson |first6=Tabatha A. |last7=Setter |first7=Renee O. |last8=Smith |first8=Charlotte Z. |last9=Webster |first9=Kira M. |last10=Patz |first10=Jonathan A. |last11=Franklin |first11=Erik C. |title=Over half of known human pathogenic diseases can be aggravated by climate change |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=September 2022 |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=869–875 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01426-1 |pmid=35968032 |pmc=9362357 |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..869M |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}</ref>
**The creation of [[artificial neuron]]s that can [[neuromorphic engineering|receive and release]] [[dopamine]] ([[neurotransmitter|chemical signals]] rather than electrical signals) and communicate with natural rat [[soft robot|muscle]] and [[brain cell]]s is reported, with potential for use in [[Brain–computer interface|BCIs]]/[[Wetware computer#Future applications|prosthetics]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Artificial neuron swaps dopamine with rat brain cells like a real one |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2332554-artificial-neuron-swaps-dopamine-with-rat-brain-cells-like-a-real-one/ |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Ting |last2=Wang |first2=Ming |last3=Wang |first3=Jianwu |last4=Yang |first4=Le |last5=Ren |first5=Xueyang |last6=Song |first6=Gang |last7=Chen |first7=Shisheng |last8=Yuan |first8=Yuehui |last9=Liu |first9=Ruiqing |last10=Pan |first10=Liang |last11=Li |first11=Zheng |last12=Leow |first12=Wan Ru |last13=Luo |first13=Yifei |last14=Ji |first14=Shaobo |last15=Cui |first15=Zequn |last16=He |first16=Ke |last17=Zhang |first17=Feilong |last18=Lv |first18=Fengting |last19=Tian |first19=Yuanyuan |last20=Cai |first20=Kaiyu |last21=Yang |first21=Bowen |last22=Niu |first22=Jingyi |last23=Zou |first23=Haochen |last24=Liu |first24=Songrui |last25=Xu |first25=Guoliang |last26=Fan |first26=Xing |last27=Hu |first27=Benhui |last28=Loh |first28=Xian Jun |last29=Wang |first29=Lianhui |last30=Chen |first30=Xiaodong |title=A chemically mediated artificial neuron |journal=Nature Electronics |date=8 August 2022 |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=586–595 |doi=10.1038/s41928-022-00803-0 |hdl=10356/163240 |s2cid=251464760 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362561968 |language=en |issn=2520-1131|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**A [[cancer screening|screening]] [[artificial intelligence in healthcare|AI]] system for many cancer types that [[Data integration#Medicine and Life Sciences|integrates]] different types of data via [[multimodal learning]] is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Quach |first1=Katyanna |title=Harvard boffins build multimodal AI system to predict cancer |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/08/09/ai_cancer_multimodal/ |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=The Register |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chen |first1=Richard J. |last2=Lu |first2=Ming Y. |last3=Williamson |first3=Drew F. K. |last4=Chen |first4=Tiffany Y. |last5=Lipkova |first5=Jana |last6=Noor |first6=Zahra |last7=Shaban |first7=Muhammad |last8=Shady |first8=Maha |last9=Williams |first9=Mane |last10=Joo |first10=Bumjin |last11=Mahmood |first11=Faisal |title=Pan-cancer integrative histology-genomic analysis via multimodal deep learning |journal=Cancer Cell |date=8 August 2022 |volume=40 |issue=8 |pages=865–878.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2022.07.004 |pmid=35944502 |s2cid=251456162 |language=English |issn=1535-6108}}
* Teaching hospital press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=New AI technology integrates multiple data types to predict cancer outcomes |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-ai-technology-multiple-cancer-outcomes.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=[[Brigham and Women's Hospital]] via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Alstom Coradia iLint 'Hydrail' auf der InnoTrans 2016 in Berlin.jpg|thumb|24 August: The first rail line entirely run by [[Hydrail|hydrogen-powered trains]] debuts in Germany.]]
*10 August &ndash; [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]: Evidence of [[Spillover infection|human-to-dog transmission]] is reported.<ref name="sciencenewsinfection-animal-spillover">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox infected a dog. Which animals may be next? |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/monkeypox-dog-infection-animal-spillover |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Science News |date=17 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Seang |first1=Sophie |last2=Burrel |first2=Sonia |last3=Todesco |first3=Eve |last4=Leducq |first4=Valentin |last5=Monsel |first5=Gentiane |last6=Pluart |first6=Diane Le |last7=Cordevant |first7=Christophe |last8=Pourcher |first8=Valérie |last9=Palich |first9=Romain |title=Evidence of human-to-dog transmission of monkeypox virus |journal=The Lancet |date=27 August 2022 |volume=400 |issue=10353 |pages=658–659 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01487-8 |pmid=35963267 |pmc=9536767 |s2cid=251475955 |language=English |issn=0140-6736}}</ref><br/>On 4 August, a [[preprint]] reports that early post-exposure [[ring vaccination]] despite high efficacy "did not completely prevent [[breakthrough infection]]s".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How effective is the monkeypox vaccine? Scientists scramble for clues as trials ramp up |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/how-effective-monkeypox-vaccine-scientists-scramble-clues-trials-ramp |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Science |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||website=medRxiv |last1=Thy |first1=Michael |last2=Peiffer-Smadja |first2=Nathan |last3=Mailhe |first3=Morgane |last4=Kramer |first4=Laura |last5=Ferré |first5=Valentine Marie |last6=Houhou-Fidouh |first6=Nadhira |last7=Tarhini |first7=Hassan |last8=Bertin |first8=Chloé |last9=Beaumont |first9=Anne-Lise |display-authors=et al. |title=Breakthrough infections after post-exposure vaccination against Monkeypox |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.22278233v1 |pages=2022.08.03.22278233 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.08.03.22278233 |date=4 August 2022|s2cid=251315495 }}</ref><br/>On 15 August, a [[preprint]] suggests the virus has potential to infect {{tooltip|2=it claims to 'show that the number of potentially susceptible species is currently underestimated by 2.4 to 4.3-fold' (many of which native to Europe)|a diverse range of native animals across Europe}}.<ref name="sciencenewsinfection-animal-spillover"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||website=bioRxiv |last1=Blagrove |first1=Marcus SC |last2=Pilgrim |first2=Jack |last3=Kotsiri |first3=Aurelia |last4=Hui |first4=Melody |last5=Baylis |first5=Matthew |last6=Wardeh |first6=Maya |title=Monkeypox virus shows potential to infect a diverse range of native animal species across Europe, indicating high risk of becoming endemic in the region |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.13.503846v1.full |pages=2022.08.13.503846 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.08.13.503846 |date=15 August 2022|s2cid=251647366 }}</ref><br/>On 16 August, a [[scientific review|review]] recommends a '[[Living document|living guideline]]' framework for needed clinical management research.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study highlights the lack of evidence-based clinical management guidelines for monkeypox |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220818/Study-highlights-the-lack-of-evidence-based-clinical-management-guidelines-for-monkeypox.aspx |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=18 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Webb |first1=Eika |last2=Rigby |first2=Ishmeala |last3=Michelen |first3=Melina |last4=Dagens |first4=Andrew |last5=Cheng |first5=Vincent |last6=Rojek |first6=Amanda M. |last7=Dahmash |first7=Dania |last8=Khader |first8=Susan |last9=Gedela |first9=Keerti |last10=Norton |first10=Alice |last11=Cevik |first11=Muge |last12=Cai |first12=Erhui |last13=Harriss |first13=Eli |last14=Lipworth |first14=Samuel |last15=Nartowski |first15=Robert |last16=Groves |first16=Helen |last17=Hart |first17=Peter |last18=Blumberg |first18=Lucille |last19=Fletcher |first19=Tom |last20=Jacob |first20=Shevin T. |last21=Sigfrid |first21=Louise |last22=Horby |first22=Peter W. |title=Availability, scope and quality of monkeypox clinical management guidelines globally: a systematic review |journal=BMJ Global Health |date=1 August 2022 |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=e009838 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009838 |pmid=35973747 |pmc=9472169 |language=en |issn=2059-7908}}</ref><br/>On 19 August, a [[CDC]] study summarizes current knowledge about the transmission of monkeypox.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox virus detected on household items |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220829/Monkeypox-virus-detected-on-household-items.aspx |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=29 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pfeiffer |first1=Jack A. |title=High-Contact Object and Surface Contamination in a Household of Persons with Monkeypox Virus Infection — Utah, June 2022 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=2022 |volume=71 |issue=34 |pages=1092–1094 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7134e1 |pmid=36006842 |pmc=9422960 |language=en-us |issn=0149-2195}}</ref><br/>[[Wastewater surveillance]], which substantially expanded during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] is used to detect monkeypox,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Wastewater surveillance becomes more targeted in search for poliovirus, monkeypox and coronavirus |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/wastewater-surveillance-becomes-more-targeted-in-search-for-poliovirus-monkeypox-and-coronavirus/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Payne |first1=Aaron |last2=Kreidler |first2=Mark |title=COVID sewage surveillance labs join the hunt for monkeypox |url=https://woub.org/2022/08/08/covid-sewage-surveillance-labs-join-the-hunt-for-monkeypox/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=WOUB Public Media |date=8 August 2022}}</ref> with one team of researchers describing their qualitative detection method on 31 August.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=de Jonge |first1=Eline F. |last2=Peterse |first2=Céline M. |last3=Koelewijn |first3=Jaap M. |last4=van der Drift |first4=Anne-Merel R. |last5=van der Beek |first5=Rudolf F. H. J. |last6=Nagelkerke |first6=Erwin |last7=Lodder |first7=Willemijn J. |title=The detection of monkeypox virus DNA in wastewater samples in the Netherlands |journal=Science of the Total Environment |date=15 December 2022 |volume=852 |pages=158265 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158265 |pmid=36057309 |pmc=9558568 |bibcode=2022ScTEn.852o8265D |language=en |issn=0048-9697|doi-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Hot Gas Giant Exoplanet WASP-39 b (NIRSpec Transmission Spectrum).png|thumb|25 August: The first clear evidence for carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of an exoplanet is revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope.]]
*11 August &ndash; A [[Tissue engineering|bioengineered]] [[cornea]] made from pig's skin is shown to restore vision to blind people. It can be mass-produced and stored for up to two years, unlike donated human corneas that are scarce and must be used within two weeks.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Bioengineered cornea can restore sight to the blind and visually impaired |url=https://liu.se/en/news-item/biokonstruerad-hornhinna-kan-ge-blinda-synen-ater |access-date=14 August 2022|date=11 August 2022 |work=[[Linköping University]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rafat |first1=Mehrdad |last2=Jabbarvand |first2=Mahmoud |last3=Sharma |first3=Namrata |last4=Xeroudaki |first4=Maria |last5=Tabe |first5=Shideh |last6=Omrani |first6=Raha |last7=Thangavelu |first7=Muthukumar |last8=Mukwaya |first8=Anthony |last9=Fagerholm |first9=Per |last10=Lennikov |first10=Anton |last11=Askarizadeh |first11=Farshad |last12=Lagali |first12=Neil |title=Bioengineered corneal tissue for minimally invasive vision restoration in advanced keratoconus in two clinical cohorts |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=11 August 2022 |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=70–81 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01408-w |pmid=35953672 |pmc=9849136 |language=en |issn=1546-1696 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
*12 August — The [[National Centers for Environmental Information]] publish {{tooltip|a report|called "Assessing the Global Climate in July 2022"}}, where they state an all-time record cold temperature occurred in Australia during the month. On October 7, 2022, Zack Labe, a climate scientist for the NOAA [[Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory|GFDL]] releases a statement and a climate report from [[Berkeley Earth]] denying the all-time record cold temperature occurred saying, "There are still no areas of record cold so far in 2022."<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Assessing the Global Climate in July 2022 |date=11 August 2022 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/global-climate-202207 |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |last1=Labe |first1=Zack |title=There are still *no* areas of record cold so far in 2022. This visual is always so striking to me. [August monthly climate report from @BerkeleyEarth at ...] |number=1578546766131376129  |user=ZLabe |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009230737/https://twitter.com/ZLabe/status/1578546766131376129 |archive-date=9 October 2022}} Labe linked to https://berkeleyearth.org/august-2022-temperature-update/.</ref> Labe's statement also denies the record cold temperatures in [[Brazil]], reported by the [[National Institute of Meteorology]] in May 2022, a month before the official start of winter, was also not record cold temperatures.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Record-breaking cold in Brazil threatens homeless, crops |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-record-breaking-cold-brazil-threatens-homeless.html |website=Phys.org |publisher=Phys.org |access-date=16 October 2022}}</ref>
*13 August &ndash; [[Rocket Lab]] describes its self-funded plans in detail, first announced in early 2020,<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Oberhaus |first1=Daniel |title=Rocket Lab Could Beat NASA Back to Venus in the Search for ET |url=https://www.wired.com/story/rocket-lab-could-beat-nasa-back-to-venus-in-the-search-for-et/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |magazine=Wired}}</ref> to send a probe to Venus, [[List of missions to Venus#Under development|likely in 2023]], to search for life in the planet's cloud layer, where other scientists reported [[Life on Venus|the potential detection]] of [[biosignature]]-levels of [[phosphine]] {{tooltip|2=the detection was controversial and the authors of the study published several studies after 2020|in late 2020 and thereafter}}.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Berger |first1=Eric |title=Rocket Lab will self-fund a mission to search for life in the clouds of Venus |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/08/rocket-lab-will-self-fund-a-mission-to-search-for-life-in-the-clouds-of-venus/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Ars Technica |date=17 August 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=French |first1=Richard |last2=Mandy |first2=Christophe |last3=Hunter |first3=Richard |last4=Mosleh |first4=Ehson |last5=Sinclair |first5=Doug |last6=Beck |first6=Peter |last7=Seager |first7=Sara |last8=Petkowski |first8=Janusz J. |last9=Carr |first9=Christopher E. |last10=Grinspoon |first10=David H. |display-authors=et al.|title=Rocket Lab Mission to Venus |journal=Aerospace |date=August 2022 |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=445 |doi=10.3390/aerospace9080445 |arxiv=2208.07724 |bibcode=2022Aeros...9..445F |language=en |issn=2226-4310|doi-access=free }}</ref>
*~14 August &ndash; As [[2022 heat waves|record-breaking]] [[heatwave]]s and [[drought]]s affect water supplies, rivers (along with shipping and [[Nuclear reactor coolant#Water|nuclear reactor cooling]]), ecosystems, various global supply chains, health, and agriculture worldwide,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Buckley |first1=Julia |title=Europe's drought could signal the death of river cruising |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/europe-drought-river-cruising/index.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=CNN |language=en|date=14 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Meynen |first1=Nick |title=What the droughts expose |url=https://meta.eeb.org/2022/09/01/what-the-droughts-expose/ |website=META |access-date=18 September 2022 |date=1 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Heatwave in China is the most severe ever recorded in the world |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2334921-heatwave-in-china-is-the-most-severe-ever-recorded-in-the-world/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Swanson |first1=Ana |last2=Bradsher |first2=Keith |title=Climate Change Could Worsen Supply Chain Turmoil |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/08/business/economy/climate-change-supply-chain.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=8 September 2022}}</ref> [[2022 European heat waves|in Europe]], Spain domestically restricts e.g. [[air conditioning]] to defined temperature ranges,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Sullivan |first1=Will |title=Spain Restricts Use of Air Conditioning in Public Places |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/spain-restricts-use-of-air-conditioning-in-public-places-180980539/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> [[2022 North American heat waves|in the U.S.]], entities are required to provide [[plan]]s to reduce their water usage,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Sullivan |first1=Will |title=Western States Are Fighting Over How to Conserve Shrinking Water Supply |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/western-states-are-fighting-over-how-to-conserve-dwindling-water-180980612/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |language=en}}</ref> and [[2022 China heat wave|China]] experiences large [[power blackout|blackouts]]<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Gan |first1=Nectar |title=China's worst heat wave on record is crippling power supplies. How it reacts will impact us all |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/26/china/china-sichuan-power-crunch-climate-change-mic-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=CNN |date=26 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and experiments with [[cloud seeding]] among other measures, despite experts stating it would be "marginally effective" and possibly exacerbate problems.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Baraniuk |first1=Chris |title=To Fight Severe Drought, China Is Turning to Technology |url=https://www.wired.com/story/china-drought-solutions/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |magazine=Wired}}</ref> [[Media coverage of climate change|Several journalists]] of [[online newspaper]]s have put these [[extreme weather]] events into [[Effects of climate change#Heat waves and temperature extremes|the context]] of [[climate change adaptation]] (alongside highlighting of the importance of [[climate change mitigation]]).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Pulver |first1=Dinah Voyles |title=Extreme heat waves may be our new normal, thanks to climate change. Is the globe prepared? |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-08-extreme-climate-globe.html |work=USA Today via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Analysis {{!}} Droughts Don't Have to Be This Painful |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/energy/droughts-dont-have-to-be-this-painful/2022/09/08/f9776eea-2f76-11ed-bcc6-0874b26ae296_story.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How 'heat officers' plan to help cities survive ever-hotter summers |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/28/cities-extreme-heat-adaptation-heat-officers/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref>
*15 August &ndash; A study on the food impacts of a [[nuclear war]] is published. It finds that even a small-scale conflict between India and Pakistan would decrease global average [[calorie|caloric production]] by 7%, while a full-scale U.S.-Russia nuclear conflict would result in a 90% loss, killing more than 5 billion people worldwide.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Nuclear war between two nations could spark global famine |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-02219-4 |access-date=16 August 2022|date=15 August 2022 |journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-02219-4 |last1=Witze |first1=Alexandra |volume=608 |issue=7924 |page=661 |pmid=35970885 |bibcode=2022Natur.608..661W |s2cid=251593664 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xia |first1=Lili |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |last3=Scherrer |first3=Kim |last4=Harrison |first4=Cheryl S. |last5=Bodirsky |first5=Benjamin Leon |last6=Weindl |first6=Isabelle |last7=Jägermeyr |first7=Jonas |last8=Bardeen |first8=Charles G. |last9=Toon |first9=Owen B. |last10=Heneghan |first10=Ryan |title=Global food insecurity and famine from reduced crop, marine fishery and livestock production due to climate disruption from nuclear war soot injection |journal=Nature Food |date=15 August 2022 |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=586–596 |doi=10.1038/s43016-022-00573-0|pmid=37118594 |doi-access=free}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite web ||title= Nuclear war would cause a global famine and kill billions, Rutgers-led study finds |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/961482 |access-date=16 August 2022|date=15 August 2022 |work=[[Rutgers University]] via EurekAlert!}}</ref>
[[File:Turritopsis dohrnii.jpg|thumb|29 August: Scientists report [[Longevity#Non-human biological longevity|the key molecular mechanisms]] of [[rejuvenation]] they found in a [[Comparative genomics|comparison of the newly presented genomes]] of the [[biological immortality|biologically immortal]] ''[[Turritopsis dohrnii|T. dohrnii]]'' and a similar but non-rejuvenating [[jellyfish]].]]
*16 August &ndash; A university reports the [[Open-source robotics|release of 'Quad-SDK']] which may be the first<!--or most advanced open source--> [[free and open source software|open source]] [[Solution stack|full-stack]] software for large [[Robot locomotion|agile]] [[Legged robot#Four-legged|four-legged robots]], compatible with the [[Robot Operating System|ROS]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Video Friday: Grip Anything |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/video-friday-grip-everything |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=IEEE Spectrum |date=29 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2022}}<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Norby |first1=Joseph |last2=Yang |first2=Yanhao |last3=Tajbakhsh |first3=Ardalan |last4=Ren |first4=Jiming |last5=Yim |first5=Justin K. |last6=Stutt |first6=Alexandra |last7=Yu |first7=Qishun |last8=Flowers |first8=Nikolai |last9=Johnson |first9=Aaron M. |title=Quad-SDK: Full Stack Software Framework for Agile Quadrupedal Locomotion |url=https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/amj1/papers/Quad_SDK_ICRA_Abstract.pdf |date=May 2022|access-date=18 September 2022}}</ref>
*17 August
**A report by [[Global Forest Watch]], using new data,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tyukavina |first1=Alexandra |last2=Potapov |first2=Peter |last3=Hansen |first3=Matthew C. |last4=Pickens |first4=Amy H. |last5=Stehman |first5=Stephen V. |last6=Turubanova |first6=Svetlana |last7=Parker |first7=Diana |last8=Zalles |first8=Viviana |last9=Lima |first9=André |last10=Kommareddy |first10=Indrani |last11=Song |first11=Xiao-Peng |last12=Wang |first12=Lei |last13=Harris |first13=Nancy |title=Global Trends of Forest Loss Due to Fire From 2001 to 2019 |journal=Frontiers in Remote Sensing |date=2022 |volume=3 |doi=10.3389/frsen.2022.825190 |issn=2673-6187|doi-access=free}}</ref> concludes that the amount of [[deforestation|tree cover being burned]] has nearly doubled in the past 20 years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Climate change: 'Staggering' rate of global tree losses from fires |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-62569394 |access-date=17 August 2022|date=17 August 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Two Decades of Fire-Driven Loss in Unprecedented Detail {{!}} GFW |url=https://www.globalforestwatch.org/blog/fires/trends-tree-loss-from-fires-unprecedented-detail/ |website=Global Forest Watch Content |access-date=16 September 2022 |date=17 August 2022}}</ref>
**The [[Nadir crater]], likely the result of a second, smaller asteroid that struck {{tooltip|2=(the dinosaurs' extinction event)|around the same time as the [[Chicxulub impact]]}}, is identified and described by researchers.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Scientists discover a 5-mile wide undersea crater created as the dinosaurs disappeared |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/17/africa/asteroid-crater-west-africa-scn/index.html |access-date=18 August 2022|date=18 August 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=The Nadir Crater offshore West Africa: A candidate Cretaceous-Paleogene impact structure |date=17 August 2022 |journal=Science Advances|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abn3096 |last1=Nicholson |first1=Uisdean |last2=Bray |first2=Veronica J. |last3=Gulick |first3=Sean P. S. |last4=Aduomahor |first4=Benedict |volume=8 |issue=33 |pages=eabn3096 |pmid=35977017 |pmc=9385158 |bibcode=2022SciA....8N3096N |doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Geologists warn that the world is "woefully [[disaster preparedness|underprepared]]" for a [[Types of volcanic eruptions|massive]] [[Volcano#Hazards|volcanic eruption]]. They estimate a one-in-six chance of a [[Volcanic explosivity index|magnitude seven explosion]] in the next one hundred years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Risk of volcano catastrophe 'a roll of the dice', say experts |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/961728 |date=17 August 2022|access-date=18 August 2022 |work=[[University of Cambridge]] via EurekAlert!}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cassidy |first1=Michael |last2=Mani |first2=Lara |title=Huge volcanic eruptions: time to prepare |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-02177-x |journal=Nature |access-date=16 September 2022 |pages=469–471 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-02177-x |date=August 2022|volume=608 |issue=7923 |pmid=35978116 |bibcode=2022Natur.608..469C |s2cid=251645203 }}</ref>
**Researchers report the development of floating [[Artificial photosynthesis|artificial leaves]] for light-driven [[hydrogen]] and [[syngas]] fuel production. The lightweight, flexible devices are scalable and can float on water similar to [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus leaves]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Floating artificial leaf converts energy from sunlight into fuel |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2334240-floating-artificial-leaf-converts-energy-from-sunlight-into-fuel/ |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Andrei |first1=Virgil |last2=Ucoski |first2=Geani M. |last3=Pornrungroj |first3=Chanon |last4=Uswachoke |first4=Chawit |last5=Wang |first5=Qian |last6=Achilleos |first6=Demetra S. |last7=Kasap |first7=Hatice |last8=Sokol |first8=Katarzyna P. |last9=Jagt |first9=Robert A. |last10=Lu |first10=Haijiao |last11=Lawson |first11=Takashi |last12=Wagner |first12=Andreas |last13=Pike |first13=Sebastian D. |last14=Wright |first14=Dominic S. |last15=Hoye |first15=Robert L. Z. |display-authors=10 |date=2022-08-17 |title=Floating perovskite-BiVO4 devices for scalable solar fuel production |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362753722 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=608 |issue=7923 |pages=518–522 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04978-6 |pmid=35978127 |bibcode=2022Natur.608..518A |s2cid=251645379 |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Floating 'artificial leaves' ride the wave of clean fuel production |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-08-artificial-fuel-production.html |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=[[University of Cambridge]] |language=en}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| align         = right
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| direction     = vertical
| width         = 220
| image1   = Text-to-image woman underwater.png
| caption1 = 
| image2   = Gold Dragon Illustration by Stable Diffusionn.webp
| caption2 = ~August: [[Artificial intelligence art]] becomes highly sophisticated and popular and starts winning art prizes. The two images are made via the open source [[Stable Diffusion]].
}}
*18 August
**A weak spot in the [[spike protein]] of [[SARS-CoV-2]] is described by researchers, which an [[antibody]] fragment called V<small>H</small> Ab6 can attach to, potentially neutralising all major [[COVID-19 variants|variants]] of the virus.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=UBC researchers discover 'weak spot' across major COVID-19 variants |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/962037 |date=18 August 2022|access-date=19 August 2022 |website=EurekAlert!}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mannar |first1=Dhiraj |last2=Saville |first2=James W. |last3=Sun |first3=Zehua |last4=Zhu |first4=Xing |last5=Marti |first5=Michelle M. |last6=Srivastava |first6=Shanti S. |last7=Berezuk |first7=Alison M. |last8=Zhou |first8=Steven |last9=Tuttle |first9=Katharine S. |last10=Sobolewski |first10=Michele D. |last11=Kim |first11=Andrew |last12=Treat |first12=Benjamin R. |last13=Da Silva Castanha |first13=Priscila Mayrelle |last14=Jacobs |first14=Jana L. |last15=Barratt-Boyes |first15=Simon M. |last16=Mellors |first16=John W. |last17=Dimitrov |first17=Dimiter S. |last18=Li |first18=Wei |last19=Subramaniam |first19=Sriram |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: spike protein mutational analysis and epitope for broad neutralization |journal=Nature Communications |date=18 August 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=4696 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-32262-8|pmid=35982054 |pmc=9388680 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.4696M |doi-access=free}}</ref> On 11 August, researchers report a single antibody, SP1-77, that could potentially neutralize all known variants of the virus via a novel mechanism, not by not preventing the virus from binding to [[ACE2]] receptors but by blocking it from fusing with host cells' [[cell membrane|membranes]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New Antibody Neutralizes All Known COVID-19 Variants |url=https://www.iflscience.com/new-antibody-neutralizes-all-known-covid-19-variants-64956 |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=IFLScience |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Luo |first1=Sai |last2=Zhang |first2=Jun |last3=Kreutzberger |first3=Alex J.B. |last4=Eaton |first4=Amanda |last5=Edwards |first5=Robert J. |last6=Jing |first6=Changbin |last7=Dai |first7=Hai-Qiang |last8=Sempowski |first8=Gregory D. |last9=Cronin |first9=Kenneth |last10=Parks |first10=Robert |last11=Ye |first11=Adam Yongxin |last12=Mansouri |first12=Katayoun |last13=Barr |first13=Maggie |last14=Pishesha |first14=Novalia |last15=Williams |first15=Aimee Chapdelaine |last16=Vieira Francisco |first16=Lucas |last17=Saminathan |first17=Anand |last18=Peng |first18=Hanqin |last19=Batra |first19=Himanshu |last20=Bellusci |first20=Lorenza |last21=Khurana |first21=Surender |last22=Alam |first22=S. Munir |last23=Montefiori |first23=David C. |last24=Saunders |first24=Kevin O. |last25=Tian |first25=Ming |last26=Ploegh |first26=Hidde |last27=Kirchhausen |first27=Tom |last28=Chen |first28=Bing |last29=Haynes |first29=Barton F. |last30=Alt |first30=Frederick W. |title=An Antibody from Single Human V<sub>H</sub>-rearranging Mouse Neutralizes All SARS-CoV-2 Variants Through BA.5 by Inhibiting Membrane Fusion |journal=Science Immunology |date=11 August 2022 |volume=7 |issue=76 |pages=eadd5446 |doi=10.1126/sciimmunol.add5446 |pmid=35951767 |pmc=9407951 |language=en |issn=2470-9468|doi-access=free}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=One for All? |url=https://hms.harvard.edu/news/one-all |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=[[Harvard Medical School]] |language=en}}</ref>
**Multiple gene editing of [[soybean]] is shown to improve [[photosynthesis]] and [[Genetically modified crops#Yield|boost yields]] by 20%.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Food crops made 20% more efficient at harnessing sunlight |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-62592286 |date=19 August 2022|access-date=21 August 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Souza |first1=Amanda P. De |title=Soybean photosynthesis and crop yield are improved by accelerating recovery from photoprotection |journal=Science |date=19 August 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6608 |pages=851–854 |doi=10.1126/science.adc9831 |pmid=35981033 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..851D |s2cid=251670065 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9831|url-access=subscription|display-authors=et al.}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite web ||title=Bioengineering: Better photosynthesis increases yields in food crops |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220818141733.htm |date=18 August 2022|access-date=21 August 2022 |work=[[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]] via Science Daily}}</ref>
**A researcher reports that the social media [[mobile security|app]] [[TikTok]] adds a [[keylogger]] to its, on iOS essentially unavoidable, in-app [[Mobile browser|browser]] in [[iOS]], which allows its Chinese company to gather, for example, passwords, credit card details, and everything else that is typed into websites opened from taps on any external links within the app. Shortly after the report, the company claims such capabilities are only used for [[debugging]]-types of purposes.<ref name="theguardian2022aug24">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=TikTok can track users' every tap as they visit other sites through iOS app, new research shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/aug/24/tiktok-can-track-users-every-tap-as-they-visit-other-sites-through-ios-app-new-research-shows |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=24 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="krausefxinapp">{{#invoke:cite web ||title=iOS Privacy: Announcing InAppBrowser.com - see what JavaScript commands get injected through an in-app browser · Felix Krause |url=https://krausefx.com/blog/announcing-inappbrowsercom-see-what-javascript-commands-get-executed-in-an-in-app-browser |website=krausefx.com |access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref> To date, it has [[research question|largely not been investigated]] which and to which extent (other) apps have capacities for such or similar data-collection.<ref name="theguardian2022aug24"/><ref name="krausefxinapp"/>{{additional citation needed|date=September 2022}}
**A university reports the development of an invisible [[coating]] for [[Fireproofing|fireproof]] [[Fire safety|wood]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Paleja |first1=Ameya |title=A fireproof wood achieves the highest class in burning test thanks to an invisible coating |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/invisible-coating-fireproofs-wood |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=22 August 2022}}</ref>
*20 August &ndash; A [[Global Burden of Disease Study|GBD]] [[Systematic review|systematic analysis]] reports the (non)[[progress]] on [[cancer]] and its causes during the 2010-19 decade, with ~44% of all cancer deaths in [[2019]] – or ~4.5 M deaths or ~105 million lost [[disability-adjusted life year|DALYs]] – [[List of causes of death by rate#Underlying causes|due to known clearly preventable risk factors (contributions)]], led by [[smoking]], [[Alcohol and health|alcohol use]] and [[obesity|high BMI]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Tobacco, alcohol are main causes of cancer worldwide: Study |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-tobacco-alcohol-main-cancer-worldwide.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tran |first1=Khanh Bao |last2=Lang |first2=Justin J. |last3=Compton |first3=Kelly |last4=Xu |first4=Rixing |last5=Acheson |first5=Alistair R. |last6=Henrikson |first6=Hannah Jacqueline |last7=Kocarnik |first7=Jonathan M. |last8=Penberthy |first8=Louise |last9=Aali |first9=Amirali |last10=Abbas |first10=Qamar |display-authors=et al. |title=The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 |journal=The Lancet |date=20 August 2022 |volume=400 |issue=10352 |pages=563–591 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01438-6 |pmid=35988567 |pmc=9395583 |language=English |issn=0140-6736|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*22 August
**A university reports the development of a driver [[Sandbox (computer security)|isolation]] framework to protect operating system kernels, primarily the [[Monolithic kernel|monolithic]] [[Linux kernel]] which gets ~80,000 [[Commit (version control)|commits]]/year to its drivers, from [[bug (computing)|defects]] and [[vulnerability (computing)|vulnerabilities]] in [[device driver]]s,<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Huang |first1=Yongzhe |last2=Narayanan |first2=Vikram |last3=Detweiler |first3=David |last4=Huang |first4=Kaiming |last5=Tan |first5=Gang |last6=Jaeger |first6=Trent |last7=Burtsev |first7=Anton |title=KSplit: Automating Device Driver Isolation |url=https://mars-research.github.io/doc/ksplit-osdi22.pdf |access-date=15 September 2022 |date=2022}}</ref> with the Mars Research Group developers describing this lack of isolation as one of the [[computer security|main factors]] undermining [[Kernel (operating system)#Protection|kernel security]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Fine-grained kernel isolation |url=https://mars-research.github.io/projects/kernel-isolation/ |website=mars-research.github.io |access-date=15 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
**Scientists demonstrate that [[Transcranial alternating current stimulation|tACS]] brain stimulation can, depending on the frequency, for one month improve (either) [[short-term memory]] or [[long-term memory]] [[brain aging|in 65–88-years-old people]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=LaMotte |first1=Sandee |title=Brain stimulation improves short-term memory in older adults, study finds |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/22/health/brain-stimulation-memory-wellness/index.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Grover |first1=Shrey |last2=Wen |first2=Wen |last3=Viswanathan |first3=Vighnesh |last4=Gill |first4=Christopher T. |last5=Reinhart |first5=Robert M. G. |title=Long-lasting, dissociable improvements in working memory and long-term memory in older adults with repetitive neuromodulation |journal=Nature Neuroscience |date=September 2022 |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=1237–1246 |doi=10.1038/s41593-022-01132-3 |pmid=35995877 |pmc=10068908 |s2cid=251742309 |language=en |issn=1546-1726}}</ref>
**Scientists report a so far unique and unknown feature of material [[Vanadium(IV) oxide|VO<sub>2</sub>]] – it can "remember" <!--"the entire history{{clarify|date=September 2022}} of -->previous external stimuli (via structural rather than electronic states), with potential for e.g. data storage.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Researchers discover a material that can learn like the brain |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-08-material-brain.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=[[Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Samizadeh Nikoo |first1=Mohammad |last2=Soleimanzadeh |first2=Reza |last3=Krammer |first3=Anna |last4=Migliato Marega |first4=Guilherme |last5=Park |first5=Yunkyu |last6=Son |first6=Junwoo |last7=Schueler |first7=Andreas |last8=Kis |first8=Andras |last9=Moll |first9=Philip J. W. |last10=Matioli |first10=Elison |title=Electrical control of glass-like dynamics in vanadium dioxide for data storage and processing |journal=Nature Electronics |date=22 August 2022 |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=596–603 |doi=10.1038/s41928-022-00812-z |s2cid=251759964 |language=en |issn=2520-1131|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-022-00812-z|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**A university reports the first successful [[organ transplantation|transplantation]] of an [[organoid]] into a human, first announced on 7 July,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=World's first mini organ transportation to a patient with ulcerative colitis |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-world-mini-patient-ulcerative-colitis.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=[[Tokyo Medical and Dental University]] via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=September 2022}} with the underlying study being published in February.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Watanabe |first1=Satoshi |last2=Kobayashi |first2=Sakurako |last3=Ogasawara |first3=Nobuhiko |last4=Okamoto |first4=Ryuichi |last5=Nakamura |first5=Tetsuya |last6=Watanabe |first6=Mamoru |last7=Jensen |first7=Kim B. |last8=Yui |first8=Shiro |title=Transplantation of intestinal organoids into a mouse model of colitis |journal=Nature Protocols |date=March 2022 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=649–671 |doi=10.1038/s41596-021-00658-3 |pmid=35110738 |s2cid=246488596 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-021-00658-3 |language=en |issn=1750-2799|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*23 August
**A study reports that [[Doppelgänger|look-alike humans]] have genetic similarities, sharing [[Face#Variability|genes affecting not only the face]] but also some [[phenotype]]s of physique and [[Behavioral genetics|behavior]], also indicating that (their) differences in the [[epigenome]] and [[microbiome]] contribute [[Multiomics|only modestly]] to [[human variability]] in facial appearance.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Golembiewski |first1=Kate |last2=Brunelle |first2=François |title=Your Doppelgänger Is Out There and You Probably Share DNA With Them |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/23/science/doppelgangers-twins-dna.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Joshi |first1=Ricky S. |last2=Rigau |first2=Maria |last3=García-Prieto |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Moura |first4=Manuel Castro de |last5=Piñeyro |first5=David |last6=Moran |first6=Sebastian |last7=Davalos |first7=Veronica |last8=Carrión |first8=Pablo |last9=Ferrando-Bernal |first9=Manuel |last10=Olalde |first10=Iñigo |last11=Lalueza-Fox |first11=Carles |last12=Navarro |first12=Arcadi |last13=Fernández-Tena |first13=Carles |last14=Aspandi |first14=Decky |last15=Sukno |first15=Federico M. |last16=Binefa |first16=Xavier |last17=Valencia |first17=Alfonso |last18=Esteller |first18=Manel |title=Look-alike humans identified by facial recognition algorithms show genetic similarities |journal=Cell Reports |date=23 August 2022 |volume=40 |issue=8 |page=111257 |doi=10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111257 |pmid=36001980 |language=English |issn=2211-1247|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Researchers introduce the concept of 'false social [[Reality#Technology|reality]]' and substantiate it by showing that (a <!--representative-->sample of) [[Climate change in the United States|Americans]] widely [[Public opinion on climate change|underestimate]] general [[Climate communication|public support]] for [[climate change mitigation]] policies by a large margin.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Clifford |first1=Catherine |title=Americans don't think other Americans care about climate change as much as they do |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/24/americans-underestimate-how-much-their-peers-care-about-climate-change.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=CNBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sparkman |first1=Gregg |last2=Geiger |first2=Nathan |last3=Weber |first3=Elke U. |title=Americans experience a false social reality by underestimating popular climate policy support by nearly half |journal=Nature Communications |date=23 August 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=4779 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-32412-y |pmid=35999211 |pmc=9399177 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.4779S |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**A [[genome-wide association study]] [[meta-analysis]] reports genetic factors of, the [[Origin of language|so far]] [[Evolution of the brain#Genetic factors of recent evolution|uniquely human]], [[Neurogenetics|language-related]] [[skill]]s, in particular factors of differences in skill-levels of five tested traits. It e.g. identified association with [[neuroanatomy]] of a language-related brain area via [[neuroimaging]] correlation.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Massive genome study informs the biology of reading and language |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-massive-genome-biology-language.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=[[Max Planck Society]] via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Eising |first1=Else |last2=Mirza-Schreiber |first2=Nazanin |last3=de Zeeuw |first3=Eveline L. |last4=Wang |first4=Carol A. |last5=Truong |first5=Dongnhu T. |last6=Allegrini |first6=Andrea G. |last7=Shapland |first7=Chin Yang |last8=Zhu |first8=Gu |last9=Wigg |first9=Karen G. |last10=Gerritse |first10=Margot L. |display-authors=et al. |title=Genome-wide analyses of individual differences in quantitatively assessed reading- and language-related skills in up to 34,000 people |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=30 August 2022 |volume=119 |issue=35 |pages=e2202764119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202764119 |pmid=35998220 |pmc=9436320 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902764E |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*24 August
**The [[dugong]] is declared extinct in China.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Dugong: Animal that inspired mermaid tales extinct in China|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-62638485 |date=24 August 2022|access-date=24 August 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Functional extinction of dugongs in China|date=24 August 2022|journal=Royal Society Open Science|doi=10.1098/rsos.211994 |last1=Lin |first1=Mingli |last2=Turvey |first2=Samuel T. |last3=Han |first3=Chouting |last4=Huang |first4=Xiaoyu |last5=Mazaris |first5=Antonios D. |last6=Liu |first6=Mingming |last7=Ma |first7=Heidi |last8=Yang |first8=Zixin |last9=Tang |first9=Xiaoming |last10=Li |first10=Songhai |volume=9 |issue=8 |page=211994 |pmid=36016916 |pmc=9399689 |bibcode=2022RSOS....911994L }}</ref>
**The first rail line entirely run by [[Hydrail|hydrogen-powered trains]] {{tooltip|debuts|the route's 15 diesel trains are getting gradually replaced until end of the year}} in Germany.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Buckley |first1=Julia |title=The world's first hydrogen-powered passenger trains are here |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/coradia-ilint-hydrogen-trains/index.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=CNN |language=en}}</ref>
*25 August
**The first clear evidence for [[carbon dioxide]] in the atmosphere of an [[exoplanet]] is revealed by the [[James Webb Space Telescope]]. The planet, [[WASP-39b]], is a [[hot Jupiter]] located ~700 light years from Earth.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=NASA's Webb Detects Carbon Dioxide in Exoplanet Atmosphere|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-detects-carbon-dioxide-in-exoplanet-atmosphere |date=25 August 2022|access-date=25 August 2022 |website=NASA}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=James Webb Space Telescope detects carbon dioxide in exoplanet atmosphere |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/962872 |date=25 August 2022|access-date=25 August 2022 |website=EurekAlert!}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ahrer |first1=Eva-Maria |last2=Alderson |first2=Lili |last3=Batalha |first3=Natalie M. |display-authors=et al. |title=Identification of carbon dioxide in an exoplanet atmosphere |journal=Nature |date=2 September 2022 |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=649–652 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05269-w |pmid=36055338 |pmc=9946830 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|arxiv=2208.11692|s2cid=251765232 }}</ref>
**Researchers report the development of a highly effective [[CRISPR gene editing|CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing]] method [[Gene delivery#Electroporation|without]] expensive [[viral vector]]s, enabling e.g. novel anti-cancer [[Chimeric antigen receptor T cell|CAR-T cell therapies]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Williams |first1=Sarah |title=A cellular engineering breakthrough: High-yield CRISPR without viral vectors |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-08-cellular-breakthrough-high-yield-crispr-viral.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=[[Gladstone Institutes]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Shy |first1=Brian R. |last2=Vykunta |first2=Vivasvan S. |last3=Ha |first3=Alvin |last4=Talbot |first4=Alexis |last5=Roth |first5=Theodore L. |last6=Nguyen |first6=David N. |last7=Pfeifer |first7=Wolfgang G. |last8=Chen |first8=Yan Yi |last9=Blaeschke |first9=Franziska |last10=Shifrut |first10=Eric |last11=Vedova |first11=Shane |last12=Mamedov |first12=Murad R. |last13=Chung |first13=Jing-Yi Jing |last14=Li |first14=Hong |last15=Yu |first15=Ruby |last16=Wu |first16=David |last17=Wolf |first17=Jeffrey |last18=Martin |first18=Thomas G. |last19=Castro |first19=Carlos E. |last20=Ye |first20=Lumeng |last21=Esensten |first21=Jonathan H. |last22=Eyquem |first22=Justin |last23=Marson |first23=Alexander |title=High-yield genome engineering in primary cells using a hybrid ssDNA repair template and small-molecule cocktails |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=25 August 2022 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=521–531 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01418-8 |pmid=36008610 |pmc=10065198 |s2cid=251843150 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362934064 |language=en |issn=1546-1696|pmc-embargo-date=February 25, 2024 }}</ref>
*26 August &ndash; Researchers report the development of [[greenhouse]]s (or [[solar module]]s) by a startup that generate electricity from a portion of the spectrum of sunlight, allowing spectra [[agrivoltaics|that interior plants use]] to pass through.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Kempkens |first1=Wolfgang |title=Strom aus dem Gewächshaus |url=https://www.golem.de/news/saubere-energie-strom-aus-dem-gewaechshaus-2209-168042.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Golem.de}}</ref>
*29 August
**A study reports that in model animals, treatment with [[MTOR inhibitors#Rapamycin and rapalogs|rapamycin]] – which typically has negative side-effects – for a limited timespan [[life extension|extended lifespan]] as much as life-long administration started at the same age and that it was most effective during early adulthood.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Exploring the brief use of rapamycin treatment in early adulthood to extend lifespan |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-exploring-rapamycin-treatment-early-adulthood.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=[[Max Planck Society]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Juricic |first1=Paula |last2=Lu |first2=Yu-Xuan |last3=Leech |first3=Thomas |last4=Drews |first4=Lisa F. |last5=Paulitz |first5=Jonathan |last6=Lu |first6=Jiongming |last7=Nespital |first7=Tobias |last8=Azami |first8=Sina |last9=Regan |first9=Jennifer C. |last10=Funk |first10=Emilie |last11=Fröhlich |first11=Jenny |last12=Grönke |first12=Sebastian |last13=Partridge |first13=Linda |title=Long-lasting geroprotection from brief rapamycin treatment in early adulthood by persistently increased intestinal autophagy |journal=Nature Aging |date=29 August 2022 |volume=2 |issue=9 |pages=824–836 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00278-w |pmid=37118497 |pmc=10154223 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Scientists report [[Longevity#Non-human biological longevity|the key molecular mechanisms]] of [[rejuvenation]] they found in a [[Comparative genomics|comparison of the newly presented genomes]] of the [[biological immortality|biologically immortal]] ''[[Turritopsis dohrnii|T. dohrnii]]'' and a similar but non-rejuvenating [[jellyfish]], involving e.g. [[DNA replication]] and [[DNA repair|repair]], and stem cell renewal.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Greenwood |first1=Veronique |title=This Jellyfish Can Live Forever. Its Genes May Tell Us How. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/06/science/immortal-jellyfish-gene-protein.html |access-date=22 September 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=6 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pascual-Torner |first1=Maria |last2=Carrero |first2=Dido |last3=Pérez-Silva |first3=José G. |last4=Álvarez-Puente |first4=Diana |last5=Roiz-Valle |first5=David |last6=Bretones |first6=Gabriel |last7=Rodríguez |first7=David |last8=Maeso |first8=Daniel |last9=Mateo-González |first9=Elena |last10=Español |first10=Yaiza |last11=Mariño |first11=Guillermo |last12=Acuña |first12=José Luis |last13=Quesada |first13=Víctor |last14=López-Otín |first14=Carlos |title=Comparative genomics of mortal and immortal cnidarians unveils novel keys behind rejuvenation |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=6 September 2022 |volume=119 |issue=36 |pages=e2118763119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2118763119 |pmid=36037356 |pmc=9459311 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11918763P |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>
**After establishment of the [[Scientist Rebellion]] around March 2021, several researchers affiliated with the movement<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Gardner |first1=Charlie |last2=Cox |first2=Emily |last3=Capstick |first3=Stuart |title=Extinction Rebellion scientists: Why we glued ourselves to a government department |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-04-extinction-rebellion-scientists-glued-department.html |website=phys.org |access-date=18 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> (six overall) argue for [[civil disobedience]] by colleagues in a commentary behind a [[paywall]], hypothesizing that such may cause significant [[Public opinion on climate change|pro-climate net changes of public opinion]] due to [[climate communication|"potential to cut through the myriad complexities and confusion" in the public]], receiving substantial coverage by [[Online newspaper|online text-based news media]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists call on colleagues to protest climate crisis with civil disobedience |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/aug/29/scientists-call-on-colleagues-to-protest-climate-crisis-with-civil-disobedience |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=29 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Capstick |first1=Stuart |last2=Thierry |first2=Aaron |last3=Cox |first3=Emily |last4=Berglund |first4=Oscar |last5=Westlake |first5=Steve |last6=Steinberger |first6=Julia K. |title=Civil disobedience by scientists helps press for urgent climate action |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=September 2022 |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=773–774 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01461-y |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..773C |s2cid=251912378 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-022-01461-y |language=en |issn=1758-6798|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*31 August
**Scientists warn, in a [[Academic publishing#Categories of papers|follow-up paper]] to their 2021 study, that a third of tree species are threatened with [[Holocene extinction|extinction]], showing how this will significantly [[Biodiversity loss|alter]] the world's [[ecosystem]]s, may negatively affect billions, and could get averted with "urgent actions".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Prevent tree extinctions or face global ecological catastrophe, scientists warn |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/02/tree-extinctions-species-wildlife-ecosystems-scientists-aoe |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=2 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rivers |first1=Malin |last2=Newton |first2=Adrian C. |last3=Oldfield |first3=Sara |title=Scientists' warning to humanity on tree extinctions |journal=Plants, People, Planet |date=31 August 2022 |pages=ppp3.10314 |doi=10.1002/ppp3.10314 |s2cid=251991010 |language=en |issn=2572-2611|url=http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/37502/1/Plants%20People%20Planet_2022.pdf }}</ref> On 1 August, a study reports that over 60 years (1960–2019), "the global forest area [[deforestation|has declined]] by 81.7 million ha", concluding higher income nations need to reduce [[international trade|imports]] of tropical forest-related products and help with [[Forest transition#Causes|theoretically forest-related socioeconomic development]] and international policies.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=200 million acres of forest cover have been lost since 1960 |url=https://grist.org/science/forest-cover-deforestation-logging-1960/ |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=Grist |date=5 August 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Estoque |first1=Ronald C |last2=Dasgupta |first2=Rajarshi |last3=Winkler |first3=Karina |last4=Avitabile |first4=Valerio |last5=Johnson |first5=Brian A |last6=Myint |first6=Soe W |last7=Gao |first7=Yan |last8=Ooba |first8=Makoto |last9=Murayama |first9=Yuji |last10=Lasco |first10=Rodel D |title=Spatiotemporal pattern of global forest change over the past 60 years and the forest transition theory |journal=Environmental Research Letters |date=1 August 2022 |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=084022 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac7df5 |bibcode=2022ERL....17h4022E |language=en |issn=1748-9326|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**News outlets report [[artificial intelligence art]] has [[Midjourney#Uses|won]] the first place in a [[digital art]] competition.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=An AI-Generated Artwork Won First Place at a State Fair Fine Arts Competition, and Artists Are Pissed |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvmvqm/an-ai-generated-artwork-won-first-place-at-a-state-fair-fine-arts-competition-and-artists-are-pissed |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=Vice |language=en}}</ref> Such artistic imagery is generated using input consisting of text and sometimes images, usually including parameters such as [[artistic style]] ([[Text-to-image model|text-to-image generation]]). Around the time<!--The weeks afterwards-->, an expert concludes that "AI art is everywhere right now", with even experts not knowing what it will mean, a news outlet establishes that "AI-generated art booms" and reports about issues of copyright and automation of professional artists,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=As AI-generated art takes off - who really owns it? |url=https://news.trust.org/item/20220907094856-onbmp/ |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=Thomson Reuters Foundation}}</ref> a news outlet investigates how [[online communities]] (e.g. their rules) confronted with many such artworks react,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Edwards |first1=Benj |title=Flooded with AI-generated images, some art communities ban them completely |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/09/flooded-with-ai-generated-images-some-art-communities-ban-them-completely/ |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=Ars Technica |date=12 September 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref> a news outlet raised concerns over [[deepfake]]s,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Wiggers |first1=Kyle |title=Deepfakes: Uncensored AI art model prompts ethics questions |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/08/24/deepfakes-for-all-uncensored-ai-art-model-prompts-ethics-questions/ |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=TechCrunch |date=24 August 2022}}</ref> a magazine highlights possibilities of enabling "new forms of [[Digital art|artistic]] expression",<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=AI is reshaping creativity, and maybe that's a good thing |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/56770/1/cyborg-art-ai-text-to-image-art-reshaping-creativity-maybe-thats-not-a-bad-thing |website=[[Dazed]] |access-date=15 September 2022 |language=en |date=18 August 2022}}</ref> an editorial notes that it may be seen as a welcome {{tooltip|2=Examples may include e.g. enabling expansion of noncommercial niche genres by amateurs, novel low-barrier entertainment, novel imaginative childhood play, and increasing art-making accessibility and artistic output per effort or time – e.g. via generating drafts, inspirations, draft-refinitions, and image-components (inpainting)|"augmentation of human capability"}}.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=AI-generated art illustrates another problem with computers {{!}} John Naughton |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/aug/20/ai-art-artificial-intelligence-midjourney-dall-e-replacing-artists |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=20 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=September 2022}} Moreover, additional functionalities – such as enabling the use of user-provided [[concept]]s (like an object or a style) learned from few images for novel personalized art generated from the associated word/s (2 Aug)<ref>{{Cite arXiv|last1=Gal |first1=Rinon |last2=Alaluf |first2=Yuval |last3=Atzmon |first3=Yuval |last4=Patashnik |first4=Or |last5=Bermano |first5=Amit H. |last6=Chechik |first6=Gal |last7=Cohen-Or |first7=Daniel |title=An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversion |date=2 August 2022|class=cs.CV |eprint=2208.01618 }}</ref> or expanding beyond the borders of artistic images in the same style (31 Aug)<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=DALL-E can now help you imagine what's outside the frame of famous paintings |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/5/23337580/openai-dall-e-text-to-image-generator-outpainting-native-function |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=The Verge}}</ref> – are reported. On 22 August,<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Stable Diffusion |url=https://github.com/CompVis/stable-diffusion |publisher=CompVis - Machine Vision and Learning LMU Munich |access-date=15 September 2022 |date=15 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="arstechnicasd"/> [[Stable Diffusion]] is released as [[free and open source software]]<!--, making the technology much more accessible and free to use on personal hardware as well as extendable by third-parties (i.e. other software projects)-->.<ref name="arstechnicasd">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Edwards |first1=Benj |title=With Stable Diffusion, you may never believe what you see online again |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/09/with-stable-diffusion-you-may-never-believe-what-you-see-online-again/ |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=Ars Technica |date=6 September 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Stable Diffusion Public Release |url=https://stability.ai/blog/stable-diffusion-public-release |website=Stability.Ai |access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref>

===September===
*1 September{{anchor|Sep1}}
**The James Webb Space Telescope takes its first [[Methods of detecting exoplanets#Direct imaging|direct images]] of a planet beyond our Solar System. The exoplanet, [[HIP 65426 b]], is revealed in different bands of infrared light.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title='Historic' James Webb images show exoplanet in unprecedented detail |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/sep/01/historic-james-webb-images-show-exoplanet-unprecedented-detail |date=1 September 2022|access-date=1 September 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=NASA's Webb Takes Its First-Ever Direct Image of Distant World |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/09/01/nasas-webb-takes-its-first-ever-direct-image-of-distant-world/ |date=1 September 2022|access-date=1 September 2022 |website=NASA}}</ref>
**Neuroscientists report the discovery of the axo-ciliary [[synapse]] – communication between [[Serotonin|serotonergic]] [[axon]]s and antenna-like [[primary cilia]] of [[Hippocampus anatomy#Basic hippocampal circuit|CA1]] [[Pyramidal cell|pyramidal]] [[neuron]]s that {{tooltip|alters the neuron's [[epigenetic]] state in the  [[Cell nucleus|nucleus]]|"a way to change what is being transcribed or made in the nucleus"}}<!--(via the signalling distinct from that at the [[plasma membrane]] and longer-term)-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Tamim |first1=Baba |title=New discovery: Synapse hiding in the mice brain may advance our understanding of neuronal communication |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-discovery-synapse-hiding-in-mice-brain |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=4 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sheu |first1=Shu-Hsien |last2=Upadhyayula |first2=Srigokul |last3=Dupuy |first3=Vincent |last4=Pang |first4=Song |last5=Deng |first5=Fei |last6=Wan |first6=Jinxia |last7=Walpita |first7=Deepika |last8=Pasolli |first8=H. Amalia |last9=Houser |first9=Justin |last10=Sanchez-Martinez |first10=Silvia |last11=Brauchi |first11=Sebastian E. |last12=Banala |first12=Sambashiva |last13=Freeman |first13=Melanie |last14=Xu |first14=C. Shan |last15=Kirchhausen |first15=Tom |last16=Hess |first16=Harald F. |last17=Lavis |first17=Luke |last18=Li |first18=Yulong |last19=Chaumont-Dubel |first19=Séverine |last20=Clapham |first20=David E. |title=A serotonergic axon-cilium synapse drives nuclear signaling to alter chromatin accessibility |journal=Cell |date=1 September 2022 |volume=185 |issue=18 |pages=3390–3407.e18 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.026 |pmid=36055200 |pmc=9789380 |s2cid=251958800 |language=English |issn=0092-8674}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists discover new kind of synapse in neurons' tiny hairs |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-09-scientists-kind-synapse-neurons-tiny.html |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=Howard Hughes Medical Institute via phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
**Scientists elaborate a need for an [[evidence-based policy|evidence-based]] reform of [[Genetically modified food#Regulation|regulation]] of [[genetically modified crop]]s (moving from regulation based on characteristics of the development-process [[Genetically modified food controversies#Regulation|to]] characteristics of the product) in a [[paywall]]ed article.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Gentechnik soll kein Grund mehr für Verbote von Nutzpflanzen sein |url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000138723609/gentechnik-soll-kein-grund-mehr-fuer-verbote-von-nutzpflanzen-sein |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=DER STANDARD |language=de-AT}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gould |first1=Fred |last2=Amasino |first2=Richard M. |last3=Brossard |first3=Dominique |last4=Buell |first4=C. Robin |last5=Dixon |first5=Richard A. |last6=Falck-Zepeda |first6=Jose B. |last7=Gallo |first7=Michael A. |last8=Giller |first8=Ken E. |last9=Glenna |first9=Leland L. |last10=Griffin |first10=Timothy |last11=Magraw |first11=Daniel |last12=Mallory-Smith |first12=Carol |last13=Pixley |first13=Kevin V. |last14=Ransom |first14=Elizabeth P. |last15=Stelly |first15=David M. |last16=Stewart |first16=C. Neal |title=Toward product-based regulation of crops |journal=Science |date=2 September 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6610 |pages=1051–1053 |doi=10.1126/science.abo3034 |pmid=36048940 |bibcode=2022Sci...377.1051G |s2cid=252008948 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo3034 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}
* Expert debate about the proposal: {{#invoke:cite web ||title=Vorschlag zur Regulation von Zuchtpflanzen |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/vorschlag-zur-regulation-von-zuchtpflanzen/ |publisher=Science Media Centre Germany |access-date=21 October 2022 |language=de}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Researchers propose new framework for regulating engineered crops |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-09-framework-crops.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=North Carolina State University via phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
*2 September &ndash; A first spatiotemporal map reveals key insights about [[Regeneration (biology)#Amphibians|axolotl brain regeneration]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Single-cell Stereo-seq reveals new insights into axolotl brain regeneration |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220906/Single-cell-Stereo-seq-reveals-new-insights-into-axolotl-brain-regeneration.aspx |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=6 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wei |first1=Xiaoyu |last2=Fu |first2=Sulei |last3=Li |first3=Hanbo |last4=Liu |first4=Yang |last5=Wang |first5=Shuai |last6=Feng |first6=Weimin |last7=Yang |first7=Yunzhi |last8=Liu |first8=Xiawei |last9=Zeng |first9=Yan-Yun |last10=Cheng |first10=Mengnan |last11=Lai |first11=Yiwei |last12=Qiu |first12=Xiaojie |last13=Wu |first13=Liang |last14=Zhang |first14=Nannan |last15=Jiang |first15=Yujia |last16=Xu |first16=Jiangshan |last17=Su |first17=Xiaoshan |last18=Peng |first18=Cheng |last19=Han |first19=Lei |last20=Lou |first20=Wilson Pak-Kin |last21=Liu |first21=Chuanyu |last22=Yuan |first22=Yue |last23=Ma |first23=Kailong |last24=Yang |first24=Tao |last25=Pan |first25=Xiangyu |last26=Gao |first26=Shang |last27=Chen |first27=Ao |last28=Esteban |first28=Miguel A. |last29=Yang |first29=Huanming |last30=Wang |first30=Jian |last31=Fan |first31=Guangyi |last32=Liu |first32=Longqi |last33=Chen |first33=Liang |last34=Xu |first34=Xun |last35=Fei |first35=Ji-Feng |last36=Gu |first36=Ying |title=Single-cell Stereo-seq reveals induced progenitor cells involved in axolotl brain regeneration |journal=Science |date=2 September 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6610 |pages=eabp9444 |doi=10.1126/science.abp9444 |pmid=36048929 |s2cid=252010604 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp9444 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*5 September &ndash; Researchers report the development of [[Remote controlled animal|remote controlled]] [[Cyborg#Animal cyborgs|cyborg cockroaches]] {{tooltip|functional|e.g. for purposes of inspecting hazardous areas or quickly finding humans underneath hard-to-access rubbles at disaster sites}} if moving to sunlight for recharging.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How cyborg cockroaches could be used to save people trapped under earthquake rubble |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-22/cyborg-cockroaches-solar-cell-research/101464940 |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=ABC News |date=22 September 2022 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kakei |first1=Yujiro |last2=Katayama |first2=Shumpei |last3=Lee |first3=Shinyoung |last4=Takakuwa |first4=Masahito |last5=Furusawa |first5=Kazuya |last6=Umezu |first6=Shinjiro |last7=Sato |first7=Hirotaka |last8=Fukuda |first8=Kenjiro |last9=Someya |first9=Takao |title=Integration of body-mounted ultrasoft organic solar cell on cyborg insects with intact mobility |journal=npj Flexible Electronics |date=5 September 2022 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1038/s41528-022-00207-2 |language=en |issn=2397-4621|doi-access=free}}
* Research institute press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Robo-bug: A rechargeable, remote-controllable cyborg cockroach |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-09-robo-bug-rechargeable-remote-controllable-cyborg-cockroach.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=RIKEN via techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref>
*6 September &ndash; The U.S. Department of Agriculture approves a new [[Blue tomato|purple tomato]], genetically modified to alter its colour and enhance its nutritional quality.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Norfolk Plant Sciences welcomes major milestone decision on purple GM tomatoes |url=https://www.jic.ac.uk/press-release/norfolk-plant-sciences-welcomes-major-milestone-decision-on-purple-gm-tomatoes/ |date=8 September 2022|access-date=11 September 2022 |website=John Innes Centre}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=APHIS Issues First Regulatory Status Review Response: Norfolk Plant Sciences' Purple Tomato |url=https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/newsroom/stakeholder-info/sa_by_date/sa-2022/purple-tomato |date=6 September 2022|access-date=11 September 2022 |website=USDA}}</ref>
*7 September &ndash; A new [[malaria vaccine]] developed by the University of Oxford is shown to be ~80% effective at preventing the disease.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New malaria vaccine is world-changing, say scientists |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-62797776 |date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Efficacy and immunogenicity of R21/Matrix-M vaccine against clinical malaria after 2 years' follow-up in children in Burkina Faso: a phase 1/2b randomised controlled trial |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(22)00442-X/fulltext |date=7 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022 |journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|pmid=36087586 |last1=Datoo |first1=M. S. |last2=Natama |first2=H. M. |last3=Somé |first3=A. |last4=Bellamy |first4=D. |last5=Traoré |first5=O. |last6=Rouamba |first6=T. |last7=Tahita |first7=M. C. |author8=Ido NFA |last9=Yameogo |first9=P. |last10=Valia |first10=D. |last11=Millogo |first11=A. |last12=Ouedraogo |first12=F. |last13=Soma |first13=R. |last14=Sawadogo |first14=S. |last15=Sorgho |first15=F. |last16=Derra |first16=K. |last17=Rouamba |first17=E. |last18=Ramos-Lopez |first18=F. |last19=Cairns |first19=M. |last20=Provstgaard-Morys |first20=S. |last21=Aboagye |first21=J. |last22=Lawrie |first22=A. |last23=Roberts |first23=R. |last24=Valéa |first24=I. |last25=Sorgho |first25=H. |last26=Williams |first26=N. |last27=Glenn |first27=G. |last28=Fries |first28=L. |last29=Reimer |first29=J. |last30=Ewer |first30=K. J. |volume=22 |issue=12 |pages=1728–1736 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00442-X |s2cid=252149462 |display-authors=1 }}</ref>
*8 September &ndash; A study adds to the accumulating research indicating postexposure antiviral [[Therapeutic interfering particle|TIPs]] could be an effective countermeasure that reduces [[Transmission of COVID-19|COVID-19 transmission]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New antiviral therapy may block COVID-19 transmission |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-antiviral-therapy-block-covid-transmission.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Gladstone Institutes via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chaturvedi |first1=Sonali |last2=Beutler |first2=Nathan |last3=Vasen |first3=Gustavo |last4=Pablo |first4=Michael |last5=Chen |first5=Xinyue |last6=Calia |first6=Giuliana |last7=Buie |first7=Lauren |last8=Rodick |first8=Robert |last9=Smith |first9=Davey |last10=Rogers |first10=Thomas |last11=Weinberger |first11=Leor S. |title=A single-administration therapeutic interfering particle reduces SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and pathogenesis in hamsters |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=27 September 2022 |volume=119 |issue=39 |pages=e2204624119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2204624119 |pmid=36074824 |pmc=9522362 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11904624C |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref> In September, India and China approve {{tooltip|the two|iNCOVACC and Convidecia}} first [[nasal vaccine|nasal]] [[COVID-19 vaccine#Intranasal|COVID-19 vaccines]] which may (as boosters)<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Two inhaled covid vaccines have been approved—but we don't know yet how good they are |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/09/08/1059107/two-inhaled-covid-vaccines-approved/ |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref> also reduce transmission<ref name="naturenasalvac"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dhama |first1=Kuldeep |last2=Dhawan |first2=Manish |last3=Tiwari |first3=Ruchi |last4=Emran |first4=Talha Bin |last5=Mitra |first5=Saikat |last6=Rabaan |first6=Ali A. |last7=Alhumaid |first7=Saad |last8=Alawi |first8=Zainab Al |last9=Al Mutair |first9=Abbas |title=COVID-19 intranasal vaccines: current progress, advantages, prospects, and challenges |journal=Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |date=30 November 2022 |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=2045853 |doi=10.1080/21645515.2022.2045853 |pmid=35258416 |pmc=8935456 |issn=2164-5515}}</ref> (sterilizing immunity).<ref name="naturenasalvac">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Waltz |first1=Emily |title=China and India approve nasal COVID vaccines — are they a game changer? |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-02851-0 |access-date=21 October 2022 |journal=Nature |date=7 September 2022 |volume=609 |issue=7927 |pages=450 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-02851-0|pmid=36071228 |bibcode=2022Natur.609..450W |s2cid=252121594 }}</ref>
*9 September
**A study describes how multiple [[tipping points in the climate system]] could be triggered if global warming exceeds 1.5&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=World on brink of five 'disastrous' climate tipping points, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/08/world-on-brink-five-climate-tipping-points-study-finds |date=8 September 2022|access-date=9 September 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Risk of multiple climate tipping points escalates above 1.5&nbsp;°C global warming |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/963785 |date=8 September 2022|access-date=9 September 2022 |website=EurekAlert!}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Exceeding 1.5&nbsp;°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn7950 |date=9 September 2022|access-date=9 September 2022 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|doi=10.1126/science.abn7950 |last1=Armstrong Mckay |first1=David I. |last2=Staal |first2=Arie |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Winkelmann |first4=Ricarda |last5=Sakschewski |first5=Boris |last6=Loriani |first6=Sina |last7=Fetzer |first7=Ingo |last8=Cornell |first8=Sarah E. |last9=Rockström |first9=Johan |authorlink9=Johan Rockström |last10=Lenton |first10=Timothy M. |volume=377 |issue=6611 |pages=eabn7950 |pmid=36074831 |hdl=10871/131584 |s2cid=252161375 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**Scientists report a change in gene [[TKTL1]] as a key [[Evolution of the brain#Genetic factors of recent evolution|factor of recent brain evolution and difference of modern humans to (other) apes and Neanderthals]], related to [[neocortex]]-[[neurogenesis]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |title=What Makes Your Brain Different From a Neanderthal's? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/08/science/human-brain-neanderthal-gene.html |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=8 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pinson |first1=Anneline |last2=Xing |first2=Lei |last3=Namba |first3=Takashi |last4=Kalebic |first4=Nereo |last5=Peters |first5=Jula |last6=Oegema |first6=Christina Eugster |last7=Traikov |first7=Sofia |last8=Reppe |first8=Katrin |last9=Riesenberg |first9=Stephan |last10=Maricic |first10=Tomislav |last11=Derihaci |first11=Razvan |last12=Wimberger |first12=Pauline |last13=Pääbo |first13=Svante |last14=Huttner |first14=Wieland B. |title=Human TKTL1 implies greater neurogenesis in frontal neocortex of modern humans than Neanderthals |journal=Science |date=9 September 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6611 |pages=eabl6422 |doi=10.1126/science.abl6422 |pmid=36074851 |s2cid=252161562 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl6422 |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Some of the scientists reported a similar [[ARHGAP11B]] mutation in 2016.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Breakthrough' finding shows how modern humans grow more brain cells than Neanderthals |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/breakthrough-finding-shows-how-modern-humans-grow-more-brain-cells-neanderthals |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=Science |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Florio |first1=Marta |last2=Namba |first2=Takashi |last3=Pääbo |first3=Svante |last4=Hiller |first4=Michael |last5=Huttner |first5=Wieland B. |title=A single splice site mutation in human-specific ARHGAP11B causes basal progenitor amplification |journal=Science Advances |date=2 December 2016 |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=e1601941 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1601941 |pmid=27957544 |pmc=5142801 |bibcode=2016SciA....2E1941F |language=en |issn=2375-2548}}</ref>
**News outlets report about a study that describes a way by which [[geothermal power]] plants {{tooltip|could store their energy|(rather than providing nonflexible "baseload" energy even at times when renewable energy generation is abundant)}} within their reservoirs for [[dispatchable generation|dispatch]] to (better) help [[100% renewable energy#Intermittency|manage intermittency of solar and wind]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Brahambhatt |first1=Rupendra |title=In a world first, scientists propose geothermal power plants that also work as valuable clean energy reservoirs |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/geothermal-power-plants-clean-energy-reservoirs |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=9 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ricks |first1=Wilson |last2=Norbeck |first2=Jack |last3=Jenkins |first3=Jesse |title=The value of in-reservoir energy storage for flexible dispatch of geothermal power |journal=Applied Energy |date=1 May 2022 |volume=313 |pages=118807 |doi=10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118807 |s2cid=247302205 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/6385742 |language=en |issn=0306-2619}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Waters |first1=Sharon |title=Study shows geothermal could be an ideal energy storage technology |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-09-geothermal-ideal-energy-storage-technology.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Princeton University via techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref>
**China reports the discovery of [[Changesite–(Y)]], a new mineral from lunar samples containing [[helium-3]], widely seen as a potential fuel for [[Fusion power|fusion reactors]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-09-12 |title=China discovers new mineral – and a possible energy source – on the Moon |url=https://newatlas.com/space/changesite-y-china-moon-mineral/ |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=New Atlas |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last=Lin |first=Connie |date=2022-09-13 |title=China moon mineral discovery: Here's why Changesite-(Y) could fuel a gold rush for lunar mining |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90789419/china-moon-mineral-discovery-heres-why-changesite-y-could-fuel-a-gold-rush-for-lunar-mining |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Fast Company |language=en-US}}</ref>
*12 September &ndash; A study<!--described as "the first major study of driving forces behind government funding of energy RD&D"--> investigates funding allocations for [[public investment]] in energy [[research and development|research, development]] and demonstration. It provides insights about {{tooltip|potential past impacts of drivers|e.g. clean tech competition with China and stimulus spending after the financial crisis}}, that may be relevant to [[Public research and development|adjusting (or facilitating)]] "investment in [[sustainable energy|clean energy]]" "to come close to achieving meaningful [[climate change mitigation|global decarbonization]]", suggesting advancement of impactful "{{tooltip|coopetition|the "managed interplay of cooperation and competition, through both domestic and international measures"}}".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Meckling |first1=Jonas |last2=Galeazzi |first2=Clara |last3=Shears |first3=Esther |last4=Xu |first4=Tong |last5=Anadon |first5=Laura Diaz |title=Energy innovation funding and institutions in major economies |journal=Nature Energy |date=September 2022 |volume=7 |issue=9 |pages=876–885 |doi=10.1038/s41560-022-01117-3 |bibcode=2022NatEn...7..876M |s2cid=252272866 |language=en |issn=2058-7546}}</ref>
*13 September
**A study reports results indicating [[COVID-19]] may significantly [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes|increase risk]] for [[Alzheimer's disease]],<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease increases by 50-80% in older adults who have had COVID-19 |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-factor-alzheimer-disease-older.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Case Western Reserve University via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Lindsey |last2=Davis |first2=Pamela B. |last3=Volkow |first3=Nora D. |last4=Berger |first4=Nathan A. |last5=Kaelber |first5=David C. |last6=Xu |first6=Rong |title=Association of COVID-19 with New-Onset Alzheimer's Disease |journal=Journal of Alzheimer's Disease |date=1 January 2022 |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=411–414 |doi=10.3233/JAD-220717 |pmid=35912749 |s2cid=251182363 |language=en |issn=1387-2877}}</ref> similar to prior studies about long-term<!--[[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues|]][[COVID-19#Pathophysiology|]]--> impacts besides [[long COVID]]<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lopez-Leon |first1=Sandra |last2=Wegman-Ostrosky |first2=Talia |last3=Perelman |first3=Carol |last4=Sepulveda |first4=Rosalinda |last5=Rebolledo |first5=Paulina A. |last6=Cuapio |first6=Angelica |last7=Villapol |first7=Sonia |title=More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Scientific Reports |date=9 August 2021 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=16144 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-95565-8 |pmid=34373540 |pmc=8352980 |bibcode=2021NatSR..1116144L |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}</ref> on cardiovascular outcomes,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Ahmed |first1=Tasnim |title=People with Covid-19 may face long-term cardiovascular complications, study says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/22/health/covid-cardiovascular-complications/index.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=CNN |date=22 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xie |first1=Yan |last2=Xu |first2=Evan |last3=Bowe |first3=Benjamin |last4=Al-Aly |first4=Ziyad |title=Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19 |journal=Nature Medicine |date=March 2022 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=583–590 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3 |pmid=35132265 |pmc=8938267 |language=en |issn=1546-170X|doi-access=free}}</ref> diabetes,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xie |first1=Yan |last2=Al-Aly |first2=Ziyad |title=Risks and burdens of incident diabetes in long COVID: a cohort study |journal=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology |date=1 May 2022 |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=311–321 |doi=10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00044-4 |pmid=35325624 |pmc=8937253 |language=English |issn=2213-8587}}</ref> neurologic sequelae,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xu |first1=Evan |last2=Xie |first2=Yan |last3=Al-Aly |first3=Ziyad |title=Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19 |journal=Nature Medicine |date=22 September 2022 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=2406–2415 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-02001-z |pmid=36138154 |pmc=9671811 |language=en |issn=1546-170X|doi-access=free}}</ref> mental health disorders,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xie |first1=Yan |last2=Xu |first2=Evan |last3=Al-Aly |first3=Ziyad |title=Risks of mental health outcomes in people with covid-19: cohort study |journal=BMJ |date=16 February 2022 |volume=376 |pages= e068993|doi=10.1136/bmj-2021-068993 |pmid=35172971 |pmc=8847881 |language=en |issn=1756-1833}}</ref> and general future mortality<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mainous |first1=Arch G. |last2=Rooks |first2=Benjamin J. |last3=Wu |first3=Velyn |last4=Orlando |first4=Frank A. |title=COVID-19 Post-acute Sequelae Among Adults: 12 Month Mortality Risk |journal=Frontiers in Medicine |date=2021 |volume=8 |page=778434 |doi=10.3389/fmed.2021.778434 |pmid=34926521 |pmc=8671141 |issn=2296-858X|doi-access=free}}</ref> after COVID-19, including specific types{{clarify|date=October 2022|reason=how do the levels compare on an individual and collective basis?}} of sequelae less commonly seen in other viral illnesses.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Daugherty |first1=Sarah E. |last2=Guo |first2=Yinglong |last3=Heath |first3=Kevin |last4=Dasmariñas |first4=Micah C. |last5=Jubilo |first5=Karol Giuseppe |last6=Samranvedhya |first6=Jirapat |last7=Lipsitch |first7=Marc |last8=Cohen |first8=Ken |title=Risk of clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study |journal=BMJ |date=19 May 2021 |volume=373 |pages=n1098 |doi=10.1136/bmj.n1098 |pmid=34011492 |pmc=8132065 |language=en |issn=1756-1833}}</ref>
**The United in Science 2022 report is published by the [[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]], [[Executive summary|summarizing]] latest climate science-related updates and assessing recent [[climate change mitigation]] [[progress]] as "going in the wrong direction".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Dickie |first1=Gloria |title=Climate impacts heading to 'uncharted territories of destruction,' U.N. chief says |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/climate-impacts-heading-uncharted-territories-destruction-un-chief-2022-09-13/ |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Reuters |date=13 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=United in Science 2022 |url=https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/united_in_science |website=public.wmo.int |access-date=21 October 2022 |language=en |date=19 September 2019}}</ref>
*14 September
**A new [[deep learning]] technique [[Applications of artificial intelligence#Environmental monitoring|enables year-round measurements]] of [[Arctic ice pack|sea ice thickness in the Arctic]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Satellites now get full-year view of Arctic sea-ice|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-62904939 |date=14 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Landy |first1=Jack C. |last2=Dawson |first2=Geoffrey J. |last3=Tsamados |first3=Michel |last4=Bushuk |first4=Mitchell |last5=Stroeve |first5=Julienne C. |last6=Howell |first6=Stephen E. L. |last7=Krumpen |first7=Thomas |last8=Babb |first8=David G. |last9=Komarov |first9=Alexander S. |last10=Heorton |first10=Harry D. B. S. |last11=Belter |first11=H. Jakob |last12=Aksenov |first12=Yevgeny |title=A year-round satellite sea-ice thickness record from CryoSat-2 |journal=Nature |date=September 2022 |volume=609 |issue=7927 |pages=517–522 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05058-5 |pmid=36104558 |bibcode=2022Natur.609..517L |hdl=10037/26936 |s2cid=252282906 |url=https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/26936/article.pdf?sequence=2 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite web ||title=For the first time we can measure the thickness of Arctic sea ice all year round|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/964482 |date=14 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022 |work=[[University of Tromsø|UiT The Arctic University of Norway]] via EurekAlert!}}</ref>
**A research report by [[NewsGuard]] indicates there is {{tooltip|a high level|~20% in their probes of videos about relevant topics}} of [[online misinformation]] delivered – to a mainly young user base – with [[TikTok]], whose usage is increasing.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Tucker |first1=Emma |title=TikTok's search engine repeatedly delivers misinformation to its majority-young user base, report says {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/09/18/business/tiktok-search-engine-misinformation/index.html |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=CNN |date=18 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Misinformation Monitor: September 2022 |url=https://www.newsguardtech.com/misinformation-monitor/september-2022/ |website=NewsGuard |access-date=19 October 2022}}</ref>
**The [[WHO]] joins health associations and scientists in calling for [[Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative|a global fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty]] {{tooltip|to protect lives of current and future generations|via "a legally binding plan to phase out fossil fuel exploration and production" that is theorized to be helpful in reducing the "current burden of death and disease from air pollution" and threats to humanity from "long-term effects of fossil fuels on the Earth's climate"}}.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Health groups call for global fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/14/fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty-who-environmental-vandilism |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=14 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Health Professionals Call for a Fossil Fuel Treaty |url=https://fossilfueltreaty.org/health-letter |website=The Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty |access-date=20 October 2022}}</ref>
[[File:SEM Lymphocyte.jpg|thumb|15 September: Researchers describe a way by which the aging of select [[Immunosenescence|immune]] system [[T cell]]s can be prevented or slowed down.]]
*15 September
**A [[geoengineering]] plan to refreeze the North and South Poles by spraying [[sulphur dioxide]] into the atmosphere, using a fleet of 125 military air-to-air refuelling tankers, is proposed by scientists.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Scientists propose controversial plan to refreeze North and South Poles by spraying sulphur dioxide into atmosphere|url=https://news.sky.com/story/scientists-propose-controversial-plan-to-refreeze-north-and-south-poles-by-spraying-sulphur-dioxide-into-atmosphere-12697769 |date=15 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022 |website=Sky News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Smith |first1=Wake |last2=Bhattarai |first2=Umang |last3=MacMartin |first3=Douglas G |last4=Lee |first4=Walker Raymond |last5=Visioni |first5=Daniele |last6=Kravitz |first6=Ben |last7=Rice |first7=Christian V |title=A subpolar-focused stratospheric aerosol injection deployment scenario |journal=Environmental Research Communications |date=1 September 2022 |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=095009 |doi=10.1088/2515-7620/ac8cd3 |bibcode=2022ERCom...4i5009S |issn=2515-7620|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**A study shows the [[microbiome]], on the level of strains, co-diversified in parallel to [[phylogenetics|phylogenies]] (heritability from [[Human genetic variation#Population genetics|ancestry]]). The findings may be of relevance to microbiome interventions (such as [[probiotics]]) and for [[Personalized medicine|adjusting therapies]] to populations.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Strains within gut microbial species codiversified with human populations, study finds |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220915/Strains-within-gut-microbial-species-codiversified-with-human-populations-study-finds.aspx |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=15 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Suzuki |first1=Taichi A. |last2=Fitzstevens |first2=J. Liam |last3=Schmidt |first3=Victor T. |last4=Enav |first4=Hagay |last5=Huus |first5=Kelsey E. |last6=Mbong Ngwese |first6=Mirabeau |last7=Grießhammer |first7=Anne |last8=Pfleiderer |first8=Anne |last9=Adegbite |first9=Bayode R. |last10=Zinsou |first10=Jeannot F. |last11=Esen |first11=Meral |last12=Velavan |first12=Thirumalaisamy P. |last13=Adegnika |first13=Ayola A. |last14=Song |first14=Le Huu |last15=Spector |first15=Timothy D. |last16=Muehlbauer |first16=Amanda L. |last17=Marchi |first17=Nina |last18=Kang |first18=Hyena |last19=Maier |first19=Lisa |last20=Blekhman |first20=Ran |last21=Ségurel |first21=Laure |last22=Ko |first22=GwangPyo |last23=Youngblut |first23=Nicholas D. |last24=Kremsner |first24=Peter |last25=Ley |first25=Ruth E. |title=Codiversification of gut microbiota with humans |journal=Science |date=16 September 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6612 |pages=1328–1332 |doi=10.1126/science.abm7759 |pmid=36108023 |bibcode=2022Sci...377.1328S |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363609774 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|biorxiv=10.1101/2021.10.12.462973|s2cid=239012176 }}</ref>
**The second largest [[cryptocurrency]], [[Ethereum]], switches from the [[proof-of-work]] (electricity consumption for validation) to the [[proof-of-stake]] (staked holdings for validation) [[Blockchain#Blocks|algorithm]], which cuts its large respective electricity consumption.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Explainer: Understanding Ethereum's major 'proof of stake' upgrade |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/crypto/explainer-understanding-ethereums-major-proof-stake-upgrade-rcna46998 |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>
**Researchers describe a way by which the aging of select [[Immunosenescence|immune]] system [[T cell]]s can be prevented or is slowed down, with relevance to [[life extension]] and making vaccines more durable.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New mechanism extends life of immune system |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-mechanism-life-immune.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=University College London via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lanna |first1=Alessio |last2=Vaz |first2=Bruno |last3=D'Ambra |first3=Clara |last4=Valvo |first4=Salvatore |last5=Vuotto |first5=Claudia |last6=Chiurchiù |first6=Valerio |last7=Devine |first7=Oliver |last8=Sanchez |first8=Massimo |last9=Borsellino |first9=Giovanna |last10=Akbar |first10=Arne N. |last11=De Bardi |first11=Marco |last12=Gilroy |first12=Derek W. |last13=Dustin |first13=Michael L. |last14=Blumer |first14=Brendan |last15=Karin |first15=Michael |title=An intercellular transfer of telomeres rescues T cells from senescence and promotes long-term immunological memory |journal=Nature Cell Biology |date=15 September 2022 |volume=24 |issue=10 |pages=1461–1474 |doi=10.1038/s41556-022-00991-z |pmid=36109671 |pmc=7613731 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363584346 |language=en |issn=1476-4679}}</ref>
[[File:Bolide.jpg|thumb|20 September: Astronomers report in a [[preprint]] the discovery of a candidate fourth interstellar object, [[CNEOS 2017-03-09]].]]
*19 September
**A study indicates a substantial decline in dinosaur [[biodiversity]] millions of years before the [[Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Hunt |first1=Katie |title=Fossil egg analysis in China adds to debate of what may have caused dinosaurs' demise |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/09/23/world/dinosaur-egg-fossils-extinction-scn/index.html |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=CNN |date=23 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Han |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Qiang |last3=Wang |first3=Huapei |last4=Zhu |first4=Xufeng |last5=Zhou |first5=Xinying |last6=Wang |first6=Zhixiang |last7=Fang |first7=Kaiyong |last8=Stidham |first8=Thomas A. |last9=Wang |first9=Wei |last10=Wang |first10=Xiaolin |last11=Li |first11=Xiaoqiang |last12=Qin |first12=Huafeng |last13=Fan |first13=Longgang |last14=Wen |first14=Chen |last15=Luo |first15=Jianhong |last16=Pan |first16=Yongxin |last17=Deng |first17=Chenglong |title=Low dinosaur biodiversity in central China 2 million years prior to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=27 September 2022 |volume=119 |issue=39 |pages=e2211234119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2211234119 |pmid=36122246 |pmc=9522366 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11911234H |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>
**Scientists report geochemical modeling results that increase confidence for the ocean of Saturn's moon [[Enceladus#Potential habitability|Enceladus being habitable or meeting abiogenesis-requirements]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Ocean on Saturn's moon Enceladus could be rich in a key ingredient for life |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/ocean-on-saturns-moon-enceladus-could-be-rich-in-a-key-ingredient-for-life/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Physics World |date=11 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hao |first1=Jihua |last2=Glein |first2=Christopher R. |last3=Huang |first3=Fang |last4=Yee |first4=Nathan |last5=Catling |first5=David C. |last6=Postberg |first6=Frank |last7=Hillier |first7=Jon K. |last8=Hazen |first8=Robert M. |title=Abundant phosphorus expected for possible life in Enceladus's ocean |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=27 September 2022 |volume=119 |issue=39 |pages=e2201388119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2201388119 |pmid=36122219 |pmc=9522369 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11901388H |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>
[[File:Dimorphos.jpg|thumb|26 September: [[NASA|NASA's]] [[Double Asteroid Redirection Test|DART]] crashes into the asteroid [[Dimorphos]] in a first test of potential [[Asteroid impact avoidance|planetary defense]].]]
*20 September &ndash; Scientists who reported the earliest known [[interstellar object]], [[CNEOS 2014-01-08]], and members of [[Avi Loeb#The Galileo Project|The Galileo Project]], report the discovery of an additional candidate interstellar meteor, [[CNEOS 2017-03-09]], in a [[preprint]] using the same fireball catalog. They find that {{tooltip|the implied material strength of the two objects|these are the highest and third-highest of the catalog's 273 fireballs}} suggests that interstellar meteors "come from a population with material strength characteristically higher than meteors originating from within the solar system".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Alien-Hunting Astronomer Says There May Be a Second Interstellar Object on Earth in New Study |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/g5vd4w/alien-hunting-astronomer-says-there-may-be-a-second-interstellar-object-on-earth-in-new-study |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=Vice |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Siraj |first1=Amir |last2=Loeb |first2=Abraham |authorlink2=Avi Loeb |title=Interstellar Meteors are Outliers in Material Strength |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=20 September 2022|volume=941 |issue=2 |pages=L28 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/aca8a0 |arxiv=2209.09905 |bibcode=2022ApJ...941L..28S |s2cid=252407502 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*21 September &ndash; Engineers report the development of autonomous 3D-printing [[List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications#Construction|drones]] [[Construction 3D printing|for construction and repair]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Drone swarm that 3D prints cement structures could construct buildings |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2339096-drone-swarm-that-3d-prints-cement-structures-could-construct-buildings/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Ketao |last2=Chermprayong |first2=Pisak |last3=Xiao |first3=Feng |last4=Tzoumanikas |first4=Dimos |last5=Dams |first5=Barrie |last6=Kay |first6=Sebastian |last7=Kocer |first7=Basaran Bahadir |last8=Burns |first8=Alec |last9=Orr |first9=Lachlan |last10=Choi |first10=Christopher |last11=Darekar |first11=Durgesh Dattatray |last12=Li |first12=Wenbin |last13=Hirschmann |first13=Steven |last14=Soana |first14=Valentina |last15=Ngah |first15=Shamsiah Awang |last16=Sareh |first16=Sina |last17=Choubey |first17=Ashutosh |last18=Margheri |first18=Laura |last19=Pawar |first19=Vijay M. |last20=Ball |first20=Richard J. |last21=Williams |first21=Chris |last22=Shepherd |first22=Paul |last23=Leutenegger |first23=Stefan |last24=Stuart-Smith |first24=Robert |last25=Kovac |first25=Mirko |title=Aerial additive manufacturing with multiple autonomous robots |journal=Nature |date=September 2022 |volume=609 |issue=7928 |pages=709–717 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04988-4 |pmid=36131037 |bibcode=2022Natur.609..709Z |s2cid=252409485 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04988-4 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*22 September
**Nanoengineers report the development of biocompatible [[microalgae]] [[Biohybrid microswimmer#Biomedical applications|hybrid microrobots]] for [[Targeted drug delivery|active drug-delivery]] in the lungs (22 Sep.) and the gastrointestinal tract (GT) (28 Sep.). The [[microrobot]]s are related to [[Nanobiotechnology#Nanomedicine|medical nanobots]] and proved effective in tests with mice.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Algae micromotors join the ranks for targeted drug delivery |url=https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/biotechnology/Algae-micromotors-join-ranks-targeted/100/web/2022/10 |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=Chemical & Engineering News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Fangyu |last2=Zhuang |first2=Jia |last3=Li |first3=Zhengxing |last4=Gong |first4=Hua |last5=de Ávila |first5=Berta Esteban-Fernández |last6=Duan |first6=Yaou |last7=Zhang |first7=Qiangzhe |last8=Zhou |first8=Jiarong |last9=Yin |first9=Lu |last10=Karshalev |first10=Emil |last11=Gao |first11=Weiwei |last12=Nizet |first12=Victor |last13=Fang |first13=Ronnie H. |last14=Zhang |first14=Liangfang |last15=Wang |first15=Joseph |title=Nanoparticle-modified microrobots for in vivo antibiotic delivery to treat acute bacterial pneumonia |journal=Nature Materials |date=22 September 2022 |volume=21 |issue=11 |pages=1324–1332 |doi=10.1038/s41563-022-01360-9 |pmid=36138145 |pmc=9633541 |bibcode=2022NatMa..21.1324Z |language=en |issn=1476-4660}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Fangyu |last2=Li |first2=Zhengxing |last3=Duan |first3=Yaou |last4=Abbas |first4=Amal |last5=Mundaca-Uribe |first5=Rodolfo |last6=Yin |first6=Lu |last7=Luan |first7=Hao |last8=Gao |first8=Weiwei |last9=Fang |first9=Ronnie H. |last10=Zhang |first10=Liangfang |last11=Wang |first11=Joseph |title=Gastrointestinal tract drug delivery using algae motors embedded in a degradable capsule |journal=Science Robotics |date=28 September 2022 |volume=7 |issue=70 |pages=eabo4160 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abo4160 |pmid=36170380 |pmc=9884493 |s2cid=252598190 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abo4160 |language=en |issn=2470-9476|url-access=subscription|pmc-embargo-date=September 28, 2023 }}</ref> A separate team reports the development of 'RoboCap', a robotic [[drug delivery]] capsule that enhances drug absorption by tunneling through the [[Intestinal mucosal barrier|mucus layer]] in the GT (28 Sep.).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=This robotic pill clears mucus from the gut to deliver meds |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/robotic-pill-mucus-gut-deliver-medicine |access-date=19 October 2022 |date=28 September 2022|work=Science News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Srinivasan |first1=Shriya S. |last2=Alshareef |first2=Amro |last3=Hwang |first3=Alexandria V. |last4=Kang |first4=Ziliang |last5=Kuosmanen |first5=Johannes |last6=Ishida |first6=Keiko |last7=Jenkins |first7=Joshua |last8=Liu |first8=Sabrina |last9=Madani |first9=Wiam Abdalla Mohammed |last10=Lennerz |first10=Jochen |last11=Hayward |first11=Alison |last12=Morimoto |first12=Josh |last13=Fitzgerald |first13=Nina |last14=Langer |first14=Robert |last15=Traverso |first15=Giovanni |title=RoboCap: Robotic mucus-clearing capsule for enhanced drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract |journal=Science Robotics |date=28 September 2022 |volume=7 |issue=70 |pages=eabp9066 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abp9066 |pmid=36170378 |pmc=10034646 |s2cid=252597856 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abp9066 |language=en |issn=2470-9476|url-access=subscription|pmc-embargo-date=September 28, 2023 }}</ref>
**Around September, news outlets report about deployment, research and development of novel [[Military technology|military drone technology]] in the [[Russo-Ukrainian War#2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022]], including [[Demining#Drones|demining drones]],<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Osborne |first1=Margaret |title=A Ukrainian Teenager Invents a Drone That Can Detect Land Mines |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/a-ukrainian-teenager-invents-a-drone-that-can-detect-land-mines-180980826/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> self-repurposed commercial/hobby drones<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |last2=Guttenfelder |first2=David |title=From the Workshop to the War: Creative Use of Drones Lifts Ukraine |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/10/world/europe/ukraine-drones.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=10 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="mwiedu">{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Fogel |first1=Benjamin |title=Will the Drone War Come Home? Ukraine and the Weaponization of Commercial Drones |url=https://mwi.usma.edu/will-the-drone-war-come-home-ukraine-and-the-weaponization-of-commercial-drones/ |website=Modern War Institute |access-date=20 October 2022 |date=22 August 2022}}</ref> (including via a [[hackathon]]),<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Drone Hackathon was launched to develop new solutions in the field of military technology. - Div Bracket |url=https://divbracket.com/trending-news/37331.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Divbracket.com}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2022}}<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New technological solutions for the army: the Ministry of Digital Transformation has launched a Drone Hackathon in military-tech sector |url=https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en/news/novi-tekhnorishennia-dlia-armii-mintsyfry-rozpochala-drone-hackathon-u-sferi-military-tech |access-date=20 October 2022}}</ref> reconnaissance microdrones,<ref name="japatimesdrones">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Koizumi |first1=Yu |title=Does the conflict in Ukraine represent a 'new war'? |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2022/09/26/commentary/world-commentary/ukraine-conventional-war/ |work=The Japan Times |date=26 September 2022}}</ref> [[kamikaze drone]]s, bomb-dropping modified drones,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Axe |first1=David |title=Ukraine's $10,000 Drones Are Dropping Tiny Bombs On Russian Troops |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/04/13/ukraines-10000-drones-are-dropping-tiny-cheap-bombs-on-russian-troops/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> and [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle#Counter drone tactics|countermeasures]] such as [[electronic warfare|electronic ones]].<ref name="japatimesdrones"/><ref name="mwiedu"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=South |first1=Todd |title=Use us for combat zone tests, Ukraine minister tells US war industry |url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/2022/09/21/use-us-for-combat-zone-tests-ukraine-minister-tells-us-war-industry/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Military Times |date=21 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How the Ukraine drone war is changing the game on the battlefield |url=https://newatlas.com/military/ukraine-russia-drone-war/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=23 September 2022}}</ref>
**Scientists caution about potential [[Spillover infection|spillover]] of bat [[sarbecovirus]] Khosta-2 [[universal coronavirus vaccine|resistant]] to [[COVID-19 vaccine]]s and also using [[ACE2]], suggesting it or something like it could [[Recombinant virus|recombine]] with [[SARS-CoV-2]] as [[pandemic prevention|a new threat]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=What is Khosta-2, new COVID-like virus found in Russian bats? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/explained-what-is-khosta-2-new-covid-like-virus-found-in-russian-bats-11339171.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Firstpost |date=27 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Seifert |first1=Stephanie N. |last2=Bai |first2=Shuangyi |last3=Fawcett |first3=Stephen |last4=Norton |first4=Elizabeth B. |last5=Zwezdaryk |first5=Kevin J. |last6=Robinson |first6=James |last7=Gunn |first7=Bronwyn |last8=Letko |first8=Michael |title=An ACE2-dependent Sarbecovirus in Russian bats is resistant to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines |journal=PLOS Pathogens |date=22 September 2022 |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=e1010828 |doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1010828 |pmid=36136995 |pmc=9498966 |language=en |issn=1553-7374|doi-access=free}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Newly discovered COVID-like virus could infect humans, resist vaccines |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-newly-covid-like-virus-infect-humans.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Washington State University via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
*23 September &ndash; Astronomers report that GJ 1252b, an Earth-sized planet orbiting an [[Stellar classification#Class M|M-class red dwarf]], appears to have no atmosphere, which may reduce the chances of [[abiogenesis|life emerging]] in such systems.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Discovery could dramatically narrow search for space creatures|url=https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2022/10/21/discovery-could-dramatically-narrow-search-space-creatures|date=21 October 2022|access-date=22 October 2022|publisher=Regents of the University of California}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Crossfield |first1=Ian J. M. |last2=Malik |first2=Matej |last3=Hill |first3=Michelle L. |last4=Kane |first4=Stephen R. |last5=Foley |first5=Bradford |last6=Polanski |first6=Alex S. |last7=Coria |first7=David |last8=Brande |first8=Jonathan |last9=Zhang |first9=Yanzhe |last10=Wienke |first10=Katherine |last11=Kreidberg |first11=Laura |last12=Cowan |first12=Nicolas B. |last13=Dragomir |first13=Diana |last14=Gorjian |first14=Varoujan |last15=Mikal-Evans |first15=Thomas |last16=Benneke |first16=Björn |last17=Christiansen |first17=Jessie L. |last18=Deming |first18=Drake |last19=Morales |first19=Farisa Y. |title=GJ 1252b: A Hot Terrestrial Super-Earth with No Atmosphere |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=1 September 2022 |volume=937 |issue=1 |pages=L17 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac886b |arxiv=2208.09479 |bibcode=2022ApJ...937L..17C |s2cid=251710304 |issn=2041-8205}}</ref>
*26 September
**[[Jupiter]] makes its closest approach to [[Earth]] since [[1963]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=See Jupiter shine during its closest approach to Earth since 1963 on Monday (September 26)|date=26 September 2022 |url=https://www.space.com/jupiter-shines-bright-at-opposition-sept-26|access-date=2022-09-26|publisher=Space.com}}</ref>
**[[NASA|NASA's]] [[Double Asteroid Redirection Test|DART]] crashes into the asteroid [[Dimorphos]] in a first test of potential [[Asteroid impact avoidance|planetary defense]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=NASA's DART Mission Hits Asteroid in First-Ever Planetary Defense Test|date=26 September 2022 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-dart-mission-hits-asteroid-in-first-ever-planetary-defense-test|access-date=2022-09-26|publisher=NASA}}</ref> Success of path alteration is reported on 11 October.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Gorman |first1=Steve |title=Asteroid's path altered in NASA's first test of planetary defense system |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/nasa-says-dart-mission-succeeded-altering-asteroids-trajectory-2022-10-11/ |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Reuters |date=12 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
**A study invalidates the common [[argument]] {{tooltip|as is|they conclude that "drug companies should make further data available if they want to use this argument to justify high prices"}} for high [[medication costs]] that research and development investments are reflected in and necessitate the treatment costs, finding no correlation for [[Cost of drug development|investments in drugs]] (for cases where transparency was sufficient) and their costs.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Big pharma says drug prices reflect R&D cost. Researchers call BS |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/10/big-pharma-says-drug-prices-reflect-rd-cost-researchers-call-bs/ |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Ars Technica |date=14 October 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wouters |first1=Olivier J. |last2=Berenbrok |first2=Lucas A. |last3=He |first3=Meiqi |last4=Li |first4=Yihan |last5=Hernandez |first5=Inmaculada |title=Association of Research and Development Investments With Treatment Costs for New Drugs Approved From 2009 to 2018 |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=26 September 2022 |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=e2218623 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18623 |pmid=36156148 |pmc=9513642 |issn=2574-3805|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**News outlets report, based on [[CDC]] reports and health officials, that the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]] appears to be receding and/or {{tooltip|passed a peak|(this decline is "most likely the result of a combination of vaccinations, immunity gained from infection in the population most at risk, and a change in behavior in this group")}} while also reporting that its elimination within the U.S. and globally is unlikely (or the outbreak being "far from finished").<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Mandavilli |first1=Apoorva |title=Monkeypox Appears to Recede, but Risks and Uncertainties Linger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/26/health/monkeypox-vaccine.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=26 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Stobbe |first1=Mike |title=Some officials now say monkeypox elimination unlikely in US |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-monkeypox.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
*27 September &ndash; A study finds that drinking two to three cups of ground, instant, or decaffeinated [[coffee]] each day [[Health effects of coffee|is associated]] with a [[Life extension#Optimal diet|longer lifespan]] and lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared with avoiding coffee.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Coffee drinking is associated with increased longevity |url=https://www.escardio.org/The-ESC/Press-Office/Press-releases/Coffee-drinking-is-associated-with-increased-longevity|access-date=9 October 2022|date=27 September 2022|work=European Society of Cardiology}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chieng |first1=David |last2=Canovas |first2=Rodrigo |last3=Segan |first3=Louise |last4=Sugumar |first4=Hariharan |last5=Voskoboinik |first5=Aleksandr |last6=Prabhu |first6=Sandeep |last7=Ling |first7=Liang Han |last8=Lee |first8=Geoffrey |last9=Morton |first9=Joseph B |last10=Kaye |first10=David M |last11=Kalman |first11=Jonathan M |last12=Kistler |first12=Peter M |title=The impact of coffee subtypes on incident cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, and mortality: long-term outcomes from the UK Biobank |journal=[[European Journal of Preventive Cardiology]] |date=27 September 2022 |volume=29 |issue=17 |pages=2240–2249 |doi=10.1093/eurjpc/zwac189|pmid=36162818 }}</ref>
*28 September
**A breakthrough in treating [[Alzheimer's disease]] is reported by pharmaceutical companies [[Eisai (company)|Eisai]] and [[Biogen]], using a drug called [[lecanemab]], which is designed to remove [[Amyloid beta|beta-amyloid proteins]] from the brain.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Alzheimer's-slowing drug labelled historic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-63060019|date=28 September 2022|access-date=28 September 2022|work=BBC News}}</ref>
**A study indicates [[cancer]] risk from chronic [[circadian rythm|circadian disruption]] is caused via body-temperature-related [[HSF1|heat shock factor 1]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The surprising link between circadian disruption and cancer may have to do with temperature |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-link-circadian-disruption-cancer-temperature.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=The Scripps Research Institute via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pariollaud |first1=Marie |last2=Ibrahim |first2=Lara H. |last3=Irizarry |first3=Emanuel |last4=Mello |first4=Rebecca M. |last5=Chan |first5=Alanna B. |last6=Altman |first6=Brian J. |last7=Shaw |first7=Reuben J. |last8=Bollong |first8=Michael J. |last9=Wiseman |first9=R. Luke |last10=Lamia |first10=Katja A. |title=Circadian disruption enhances HSF1 signaling and tumorigenesis in Kras -driven lung cancer |journal=Science Advances |date=30 September 2022 |volume=8 |issue=39 |pages=eabo1123 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abo1123 |pmid=36170373 |pmc=9519049 |bibcode=2022SciA....8O1123P |language=en |issn=2375-2548}}</ref>
**Researchers report the discovery of [[hemoglycin]], the first [[space polymer]] of [[amino acid]]s found in [[meteorites]].<ref name="SR-20220928">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=McGeogh |first1=Julie E. M. |last2=McGeogh |first2=Malcolm W. |title=Chiral 480nm absorption in the hemoglycin space polymer: a possible link to replication |date=28 September 2022 |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=16198 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-21043-4 |pmid=36171277 |pmc=9519966 }}</ref><ref name="SD-20210629">{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Polymers in meteorites provide clues to early solar system |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210629120835.htm |date=29 June 2021 |work=[[Science Digest]] |accessdate=9 January 2023 }}</ref>
*29 September
**In two studies, scientists report a novel way of [[cancer screening]] – detecting tumor-associated [[Mycobiome#Humans|mycobiomes]]. It could be used in synergy with other [[biomarker]]s such as of [[Microbiome#Microbiota|bacterial microbiomes]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |title=A New Approach to Spotting Tumors: Look for Their Microbes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/29/science/cancer-tumors-fungi-bacteria-microbiome.html |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=29 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dohlman |first1=Anders B. |last2=Klug |first2=Jared |last3=Mesko |first3=Marissa |last4=Gao |first4=Iris H. |last5=Lipkin |first5=Steven M. |last6=Shen |first6=Xiling |last7=Iliev |first7=Iliyan D. |title=A pan-cancer mycobiome analysis reveals fungal involvement in gastrointestinal and lung tumors |journal=Cell |date=29 September 2022 |volume=185 |issue=20 |pages=3807–3822.e12 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.015 |pmid=36179671 |pmc=9564002 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|pmc-embargo-date=September 29, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Narunsky-Haziza |first1=Lian |last2=Sepich-Poore |first2=Gregory D. |last3=Livyatan |first3=Ilana |last4=Asraf |first4=Omer |last5=Martino |first5=Cameron |last6=Nejman |first6=Deborah |last7=Gavert |first7=Nancy |last8=Stajich |first8=Jason E. |last9=Amit |first9=Guy |last10=González |first10=Antonio |last11=Wandro |first11=Stephen |last12=Perry |first12=Gili |last13=Ariel |first13=Ruthie |last14=Meltser |first14=Arnon |last15=Shaffer |first15=Justin P. |last16=Zhu |first16=Qiyun |last17=Balint-Lahat |first17=Nora |last18=Barshack |first18=Iris |last19=Dadiani |first19=Maya |last20=Gal-Yam |first20=Einav N. |last21=Patel |first21=Sandip Pravin |last22=Bashan |first22=Amir |last23=Swafford |first23=Austin D. |last24=Pilpel |first24=Yitzhak |last25=Knight |first25=Rob |last26=Straussman |first26=Ravid |title=Pan-cancer analyses reveal cancer-type-specific fungal ecologies and bacteriome interactions |journal=Cell |date=29 September 2022 |volume=185 |issue=20 |pages=3789–3806.e17 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.005 |pmid=36179670 |pmc=9567272 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**A study estimates the [[Climate justice#Disproportionality between causality and burden|disproportionality of drivers]] of [[climate change mitigation|climate change]] by wealth and concludes that to total emissions, investments of the global top 1% are far [[sustainable lifestyle|more important than their consumption]] and that the pollution gap is larger within countries than between countries.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Top 1 Percent of Emitters Responsible for One Quarter of Emissions Since 1990 |url=https://e360.yale.edu/digest/carbon-emissions-inequality |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=Yale E360}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chancel |first1=Lucas |authorlink1=Lucas Chancel |title=Global carbon inequality over 1990–2019 |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=29 September 2022 |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=931–938 |doi=10.1038/s41893-022-00955-z |s2cid=252630091 |language=en |issn=2398-9629}}</ref>
**A study adds to the accumulating research showing that oil and gas industry [[methane emissions]] are much larger than thought.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Gas flares aren't as efficient at burning off methane as assumed |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/gas-flare-leak-methane-burning-climate |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Science News |date=29 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Plant |first1=Genevieve |last2=Kort |first2=Eric A. |last3=Brandt |first3=Adam R. |last4=Chen |first4=Yuanlei |last5=Fordice |first5=Graham |last6=Gorchov Negron |first6=Alan M. |last7=Schwietzke |first7=Stefan |last8=Smith |first8=Mackenzie |last9=Zavala-Araiza |first9=Daniel |title=Inefficient and unlit natural gas flares both emit large quantities of methane |journal=Science |date=30 September 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6614 |pages=1566–1571 |doi=10.1126/science.abq0385 |pmid=36173866 |bibcode=2022Sci...377.1566P |s2cid=252621958 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq0385 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*30 September
**The discovery of "super neurons" in the [[entorhinal cortex]] of people [[brain aging|over age 80]] who show exceptional episodic memory is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study offers clues to super-agers' brilliant brains |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-63081924 |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=BBC News |date=30 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Nassif |first1=Caren |last2=Kawles |first2=Allegra |last3=Ayala |first3=Ivan |last4=Minogue |first4=Grace |last5=Gill |first5=Nathan P. |last6=Shepard |first6=Robert A. |last7=Zouridakis |first7=Antonia |last8=Keszycki |first8=Rachel |last9=Zhang |first9=Hui |last10=Mao |first10=Qinwen |last11=Flanagan |first11=Margaret E. |last12=Bigio |first12=Eileen H. |last13=Mesulam |first13=M.-Marsel |last14=Rogalski |first14=Emily |last15=Geula |first15=Changiz |last16=Gefen |first16=Tamar |title=Integrity of neuronal size in the entorhinal cortex is a biologic substrate of exceptional cognitive aging |journal=Journal of Neuroscience |date=30 September 2022 |volume=42 |issue=45 |pages=8587–8594 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0679-22.2022 |pmid=36180225 |pmc=9665923 |s2cid=252646247 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364071088 |language=en |issn=0270-6474}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite web|| title=SuperAger brains contain 'super neurons'|url=https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2022/09/superager-brains-contain-super-neurons/?fj=1|date=30 September 2022|access-date=12 October 2022|work=[[Northwestern University]]}}</ref>
**Scientists caution about [[pandemic prevention|potential]] future [[Spillover infection|spillover]] of [[Deltaarterivirus hemfev|SHFV]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Another monkey virus could be poised for spillover to humans |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-monkey-virus-poised-spillover-humans.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=University of Colorado at Boulder via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Warren |first1=Cody J. |last2=Yu |first2=Shuiqing |last3=Peters |first3=Douglas K. |last4=Barbachano-Guerrero |first4=Arturo |last5=Yang |first5=Qing |last6=Burris |first6=Bridget L. |last7=Worwa |first7=Gabriella |last8=Huang |first8=I.-Chueh |last9=Wilkerson |first9=Gregory K. |last10=Goldberg |first10=Tony L. |last11=Kuhn |first11=Jens H. |last12=Sawyer |first12=Sara L. |title=Primate hemorrhagic fever-causing arteriviruses are poised for spillover to humans |journal=Cell |date=13 October 2022 |volume=185 |issue=21 |pages=3980–3991.e18 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.022 |pmid=36182704 |pmc=9588614 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364049834 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|pmc-embargo-date=October 13, 2023 }}</ref>

===October===
[[File:ARC-20221004-AAV3443-MoonOrigin-Social-NASAWeb-1080p medium.oggtheora.ogg|right|thumb|1 October: A new, more detailed simulation of the [[giant-impact hypothesis]] suggests that the [[Moon]] formed in just hours.]]
*1 October &ndash; A new simulation by NASA finds that the [[Moon]] likely [[Giant-impact hypothesis|formed]] within a matter of hours, as opposed to earlier theories that proposed a much longer period of months or years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Collision May Have Formed the Moon in Mere Hours, Simulations Reveal|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/lunar-origins-simulations|date=4 October 2022|access-date=4 October 2022|publisher=NASA}}</ref>
*4 October &ndash; [[Edmonton Police Service]] reports the use of [[DNA phenotyping]] to generate 3D [[face|facial]] images of [[Suspect|crime suspects]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Police Are Using DNA to Generate 3D Images of Suspects They've Never Seen
|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkgma8/police-are-using-dna-to-generate-3d-images-of-suspects-theyve-never-seen|date=11 October 2022|access-date=12 October 2022|publisher=Vice}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Police use DNA phenotyping in unsolved sexual assault|url=https://www.edmontonpolice.ca/News/MediaReleases/DNAPhenotypeOct4?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter|date=4 October 2022|access-date=12 October 2022|publisher=Edmonton Police Service}}</ref>
[[File:Mitochondrial_DNA_lg.jpg|thumb|5 October: Ongoing [[Mitochondrial DNA#mtDNA in nuclear DNA|transfer of mitochondrial DNA into DNA in the cell nucleus]] is reported.]]
*5 October
**''[[The New York Times]]'' summarizes those awarded [[Nobel Prize]]s in the [[Sciences]] for the year 2022: 
***[[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] (October 3): [[Svante Pääbo]] for discoveries involving [[genome]]s of [[Human evolution|extinct hominins]]
***[[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] (October 4): [[Alain Aspect]], [[John F. Clauser]] and [[Anton Zeilinger]] for work in [[quantum technology]]
***[[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] (October 5): [[Carolyn R. Bertozzi]], [[Morten Meldal]] and [[K. Barry Sharpless]] for studies on [[click chemistry]] and [[bioorthogonal chemistry]].<ref name="NYT-20221005">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Taylor |first=Derrick Bryson |title=2022 Nobel Prizes: Winners So Far - The Nobel Prizes are being announced this week. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/nobel-prizes-2022.html |date=5 October 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=5 October 2022 }}</ref>
**Scientists report the discovery of ongoing [[Mitochondrial DNA#mtDNA in nuclear DNA|transfer of mitochondrial DNA into DNA in the cell nucleus]]. Previously, [[NUMT|nuclear-mitochondrial segments]] (NUMT) were thought to have arisen {{tooltip|only long ago|and mostly preceding the emergence of the human species}}. 66 thousand [[Whole genome sequencing|whole-genome sequences]] indicate this currently occurs as frequent as once in every ~4,000 human births.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Mitochondrial DNA Is Working Its Way Into the Human Genome |url=https://www.technologynetworks.com/genomics/news/mitochondrial-dna-is-working-its-way-into-the-human-genome-366341 |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=Genomics Research from Technology Networks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wei |first1=Wei |last2=Schon |first2=Katherine R. |last3=Elgar |first3=Greg |last4=Orioli |first4=Andrea |last5=Tanguy |first5=Melanie |last6=Giess |first6=Adam |last7=Tischkowitz |first7=Marc |last8=Caulfield |first8=Mark J. |last9=Chinnery |first9=Patrick F. |title=Nuclear-embedded mitochondrial DNA sequences in 66,083 human genomes |journal=Nature |date=November 2022 |volume=611 |issue=7934 |pages=105–114 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05288-7 |pmid=36198798 |pmc=9630118 |bibcode=2022Natur.611..105W |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=A new route to evolution: How DNA from our mitochondria works its way into our genomes |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-10-route-evolution-dna-mitochondria-genomes.html |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=[[University of Cambridge]] via phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
**Researchers outline the large potentials and benefits of [[Algaculture|marine algae-based aquaculture]] for the development of a future [[healthy diet|healthy]] and [[sustainable food system]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Nutrient-rich algae could help meet global food demand: Cornell researchers |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/nutrient-rich-algae-could-help-meet-global-food-demand-cornell-researchers-1.6117300 |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=CTVNews |date=20 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Greene |first1=Charles |last2=Scott-Buechler |first2=Celina |last3=Hausner |first3=Arjun |last4=Johnson |first4=Zackary |last5=Lei |first5=Xin Gen |last6=Huntley |first6=Mark |title=Transforming the Future of Marine Aquaculture: A Circular Economy Approach |journal=Oceanography |date=2022 |pages=26–34 |doi=10.5670/oceanog.2022.213 |issn=1042-8275|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Scientists demonstrate the use of [[Cerebral organoid|organoids]] for the [[Development of the nervous system in humans#Research|study of brain development]], identifying and investigating genetic switches that have a significant impact on it using single-cell [[transcriptome]] readouts.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Rüegg |first1=Peter |title=Mapping human brain development |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-human-brain.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=E. T. H. Zürich via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Fleck |first1=Jonas Simon |last2=Jansen |first2=Sophie Martina Johanna |last3=Wollny |first3=Damian |last4=Zenk |first4=Fides |last5=Seimiya |first5=Makiko |last6=Jain |first6=Akanksha |last7=Okamoto |first7=Ryoko |last8=Santel |first8=Malgorzata |last9=He |first9=Zhisong |last10=Camp |first10=J. Gray |last11=Treutlein |first11=Barbara |title=Inferring and perturbing cell fate regulomes in human brain organoids |journal=Nature |date=5 October 2022 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05279-8 |pmid=36198796 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Land and freshwater footprints for protein production from various sources.jpg|thumb|5 October: Researchers outline the large potentials and benefits of [[Algaculture|marine algae-based aquaculture]] for the development of a future [[healthy diet|healthy]] and [[sustainable food system]].]]
*6 October
**An [[free and open source software|open source]] platform to match genomically profiled cancer patients to [[precision medicine]] drug [[clinical trial|trials]] is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New Platform Matches Patients to Precision Oncology Trials - Physician's Weekly |url=https://www.physiciansweekly.com/new-platform-matches-patients-to-precision-oncology-trials/ |access-date=7 December 2022 |date=20 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Klein |first1=Harry |last2=Mazor |first2=Tali |last3=Siegel |first3=Ethan |last4=Trukhanov |first4=Pavel |last5=Ovalle |first5=Andrea |last6=Vecchio Fitz |first6=Catherine Del |last7=Zwiesler |first7=Zachary |last8=Kumari |first8=Priti |last9=Van Der Veen |first9=Bernd |last10=Marriott |first10=Eric |last11=Hansel |first11=Jason |last12=Yu |first12=Joyce |last13=Albayrak |first13=Adem |last14=Barry |first14=Susan |last15=Keller |first15=Rachel B. |last16=MacConaill |first16=Laura E. |last17=Lindeman |first17=Neal |last18=Johnson |first18=Bruce E. |last19=Rollins |first19=Barrett J. |last20=Do |first20=Khanh T. |last21=Beardslee |first21=Brian |last22=Shapiro |first22=Geoffrey |last23=Hector-Barry |first23=Suzanne |last24=Methot |first24=John |last25=Sholl |first25=Lynette |last26=Lindsay |first26=James |last27=Hassett |first27=Michael J. |last28=Cerami |first28=Ethan |title=MatchMiner: an open-source platform for cancer precision medicine |journal=npj Precision Oncology |date=6 October 2022 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s41698-022-00312-5 |pmid=36202909 |pmc=9537311 |language=en |issn=2397-768X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Neuroscientists report [[Prefrontal cortex|PFC]]-[[habenula|Hb]] [[Connectome|connectivity]] [[white matter]] impairment in both [[cocaine addiction|cocaine]] and [[heroin addiction|heroin]] [[addiction]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Human cocaine and heroin addiction tied to impairments in specific brain circuit initially implicated in animals |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-human-cocaine-heroin-addiction-tied.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=The Mount Sinai Hospital via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=King |first1=Sarah G. |last2=Gaudreault |first2=Pierre-Olivier |last3=Malaker |first3=Pias |last4=Kim |first4=Joo-won |last5=Alia-Klein |first5=Nelly |last6=Xu |first6=Junqian |last7=Goldstein |first7=Rita Z. |title=Prefrontal-habenular microstructural impairments in human cocaine and heroin addiction |journal=Neuron |date=16 November 2022 |volume=110 |issue=22 |pages=3820–3832.e4 |doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.011 |pmid=36206758 |pmc=9671835 |language=English |issn=0896-6273|pmc-embargo-date=November 16, 2023 }}</ref>
*7 October
**News outlets report about a study published on 28 September theorizing that the [[Amasia (continent)|supercontinent Amasia]] will form within 300 million years when the [[Pacific Ocean]] closes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last=Strickland |first=Ashley |date=2022-10-07 |title=Next supercontinent may form when the Pacific Ocean disappears |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/07/world/pacific-ocean-supercontinent-scn/index.html |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Huang |first1=Chuan |last2=Li |first2=Zheng-Xiang |last3=Zhang |first3=Nan |title=Will Earth's next supercontinent assemble through the closure of the Pacific Ocean? |journal=National Science Review |date=28 September 2022 |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=nwac205 |doi=10.1093/nsr/nwac205|pmid=36519070 |pmc=9743166 }}</ref>
**Neuroscientists report experimental [[magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] results that so far appear to imply nuclear proton [[Spin (physics)|spins]] of 'brain water'{{clarify|date=November 2022}} in the [[brain]] were [[quantum entanglement|entangled]], suggesting [[cognition|brain functions]] that operate non-classically which may support [[Quantum mind|quantum mechanisms being involved]] in [[consciousness]] as the signal pattern declined when human participants fell asleep.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Firtina |first1=Nergis |title=Our brains could use quantum computation - here's how |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/brain-quantum-computation-consciousness |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=20 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kerskens |first1=Christian Matthias |last2=López Pérez |first2=David |title=Experimental indications of non-classical brain functions |journal=Journal of Physics Communications |date=1 October 2022 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=105001 |doi=10.1088/2399-6528/ac94be |bibcode=2022JPhCo...6j5001K |language=en |issn=2399-6528|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*8 October &ndash; Researchers report recommendations concerning [[Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact|potential geopolitical implications]] of potential future [[Technosignature#Implications of detection|information]] about or from [[Search for extraterrestrial intelligence|extraterrestrial intelligence]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists Are Gaming Out What Humanity Will Do If Aliens Make Contact |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/y3px5b/scientists-are-gaming-out-what-humanity-will-do-if-aliens-make-contact |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=Vice |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wright |first1=Jason T. |last2=Haramia |first2=Chelsea |last3=Swiney |first3=Gabriel |title=Geopolitical Implications of a Successful SETI Program |journal=Space Policy |date=8 October 2022 |volume=63 |pages=101517 |doi=10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101517 |language=en |issn=0265-9646|arxiv=2209.15125|s2cid=252668825 }}</ref>
[[File:Emotionality in news articles headlines since 2000.png|thumb|18 October: Substantial increase of [[sentiment analysis|sentiment]] negativity and decrease of emotional neutrality in [[headline]]s across written popular [[news media]] since 2000 is reported.]]
*12 October
**Researchers report successful transplantation of [[Cerebral organoid|human brain tissue organoids]] [[Chimera (genetics)#Artificial chimerism|into]] baby rats. Such research could eventually [[Scientific controversy|controversially]] raise [[neuroethics|ethical]]<!--/regulatory--> issues relating to [[Human intelligence#Non-human intelligence|(non-)human intelligence/consciousness/welfare]] and be used to model [[Development of the nervous system in humans#Research|human brain development]] and, as demonstrated, to investigate diseases (and their potential therapies). Unlike in other recent studies, the tissues appeared to be highly functional, to mature and to integrate with the rat brain.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Human brain cells transplanted into baby rats' brains grow and form connections |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/10/12/1061204/human-brain-cells-transplanted-baby-rats-brains/ |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Human neurons transplanted into rats to help study brain disorders |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/oct/12/human-neurons-transplanted-into-rats-to-help-study-brain-disorders |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=12 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Revah |first1=Omer |last2=Gore |first2=Felicity |last3=Kelley |first3=Kevin W. |last4=Andersen |first4=Jimena |last5=Sakai |first5=Noriaki |last6=Chen |first6=Xiaoyu |last7=Li |first7=Min-Yin |last8=Birey |first8=Fikri |last9=Yang |first9=Xiao |last10=Saw |first10=Nay L. |last11=Baker |first11=Samuel W. |last12=Amin |first12=Neal D. |last13=Kulkarni |first13=Shravanti |last14=Mudipalli |first14=Rachana |last15=Cui |first15=Bianxiao |last16=Nishino |first16=Seiji |last17=Grant |first17=Gerald A. |last18=Knowles |first18=Juliet K. |last19=Shamloo |first19=Mehrdad |last20=Huguenard |first20=John R. |last21=Deisseroth |first21=Karl |last22=Pașca |first22=Sergiu P. |title=Maturation and circuit integration of transplanted human cortical organoids |journal=Nature |date=October 2022 |volume=610 |issue=7931 |pages=319–326 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05277-w |pmid=36224417 |pmc=9556304 |bibcode=2022Natur.610..319R |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**A study reports that in a [[Cohort study|cohort]] of symptomatically infected, 46% had only partially recovered after 12 months, that [[asymptomatic infection]] was not associated with adverse outcomes of [[long COVID]] and that [[COVID-19 vaccine|vaccination]] was associated with reduced risk of seven long-term symptoms.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Sellers |first1=Frances Stead |title='We are in trouble': Study raises alarm about impacts of long covid |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/10/12/long-covid-study-scotland/ |access-date=17 November 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hastie |first1=Claire E. |last2=Lowe |first2=David J. |last3=McAuley |first3=Andrew |last4=Winter |first4=Andrew J. |last5=Mills |first5=Nicholas L. |last6=Black |first6=Corri |last7=Scott |first7=Janet T. |last8=O'Donnell |first8=Catherine A. |last9=Blane |first9=David N. |last10=Browne |first10=Susan |last11=Ibbotson |first11=Tracy R. |last12=Pell |first12=Jill P. |title=Outcomes among confirmed cases and a matched comparison group in the Long-COVID in Scotland study |journal=Nature Communications |date=12 October 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=5663 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-33415-5 |pmid=36224173 |pmc=9556711 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.5663H |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref> A [[meta-analysis]] published on the same day reports substantial [[exercise intolerance]] more than 3 months after infection in long COVID-19 patients. It notes that [[post-exertional malaise]] has been reported in long COVID-19 similar to [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|CFS]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Long covid may set you back a decade in exercise gains |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2022/10/13/long-covid-exercise-symptoms/ |access-date=17 November 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Durstenfeld |first1=Matthew S. |last2=Sun |first2=Kaiwen |last3=Tahir |first3=Peggy |last4=Peluso |first4=Michael J. |last5=Deeks |first5=Steven G. |last6=Aras |first6=Mandar A. |last7=Grandis |first7=Donald J. |last8=Long |first8=Carlin S. |last9=Beatty |first9=Alexis |last10=Hsue |first10=Priscilla Y. |title=Use of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Evaluate Long COVID-19 Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=12 October 2022 |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=e2236057 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36057|pmid=36223120 |pmc=9557896 }}</ref>
*13 October
**A novel [[synthetic biology]]-based process for [[plastic recycling|recycling of plastics mixtures]] is presented.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Bacteria and catalysts recycle waste plastic into useful chemicals |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2342438-bacteria-and-catalysts-recycle-waste-plastic-into-useful-chemicals/ |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sullivan |first1=Kevin P. |last2=Werner |first2=Allison Z. |last3=Ramirez |first3=Kelsey J. |last4=Ellis |first4=Lucas D. |last5=Bussard |first5=Jeremy R. |last6=Black |first6=Brenna A. |last7=Brandner |first7=David G. |last8=Bratti |first8=Felicia |last9=Buss |first9=Bonnie L. |last10=Dong |first10=Xueming |last11=Haugen |first11=Stefan J. |last12=Ingraham |first12=Morgan A. |last13=Konev |first13=Mikhail O. |last14=Michener |first14=William E. |last15=Miscall |first15=Joel |last16=Pardo |first16=Isabel |last17=Woodworth |first17=Sean P. |last18=Guss |first18=Adam M. |last19=Román-Leshkov |first19=Yuriy |last20=Stahl |first20=Shannon S. |last21=Beckham |first21=Gregg T. |title=Mixed plastics waste valorization through tandem chemical oxidation and biological funneling |journal=Science |date=14 October 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6616 |pages=207–211 |doi=10.1126/science.abo4626 |pmid=36227984 |bibcode=2022Sci...378..207S |hdl=10261/281250 |s2cid=252897316 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
**Scientists report that in some cases, some apparently [[senescent cell]]s – which are targeted by anti-aging [[senolytics]] – are required for regeneration.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists reappraise the role of 'zombie' cells that anti-aging medicine has sought to eliminate |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-scientists-reappraise-role-zombie-cells.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=University of San Francisco via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Reyes |first1=Nabora S. |last2=Krasilnikov |first2=Maria |last3=Allen |first3=Nancy C. |last4=Lee |first4=Jin Young |last5=Hyams |first5=Ben |last6=Zhou |first6=Minqi |last7=Ravishankar |first7=Supriya |last8=Cassandras |first8=Monica |last9=Wang |first9=Chaoqun |last10=Khan |first10=Imran |last11=Matatia |first11=Peri |last12=Johmura |first12=Yoshikazu |last13=Molofsky |first13=Ari |last14=Matthay |first14=Michael |last15=Nakanishi |first15=Makoto |last16=Sheppard |first16=Dean |last17=Campisi |first17=Judith |last18=Peng |first18=Tien |title=Sentinel p16 INK4a+ cells in the basement membrane form a reparative niche in the lung |journal=Science |date=14 October 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6616 |pages=192–201 |doi=10.1126/science.abf3326 |pmid=36227993 |bibcode=2022Sci...378..192R |language=en |issn=0036-8075|biorxiv=10.1101/2020.06.10.142893|s2cid=219636762 }}</ref>
*14 October &ndash; Scientists from [[Boston University]] publish unauthorized (but legal) research on [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant#BA.2|SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 Omicron]] via creation of a {{tooltip|highly transmissible|the created strain has Omicron's transmissibility-related spike and notably "unlike naturally occurring Omicron, efficiently replicates in cell lines and primary-like distal lung cells"}} [[recombinant virus]] as a [[preprint]], described by "many" but not all as "irresponsible [[Gain-of-function research#Experiments that have been referred to as "gain-of-function"|gain-of-function]]" research.<ref name="BIO-20221014">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Chen, Da-Yuan |display-authors=et al. |title=Role of spike in the pathogenic and antigenic behavior of SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 Omicron |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.512134v1 |date=14 October 2022 |journal=[[BioRxiv]] |doi=10.1101/2022.10.13.512134 |pmid=36263066 |pmc=9580375 |accessdate=23 October 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20221022">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |last2=Mueller |first2=Benjamin |title=Lab Manipulations of Covid Virus Fall Under Murky Government Rules - Mouse experiments at Boston University have spotlighted an ambiguous U.S. policy for research on potentially dangerous pathogens. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/22/science/covid-virus-laboratory-experiments.html |date=22 October 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=23 October 2022 }}</ref><ref name="SCI-20221018">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Lowe |first=Derek |title=Gain of Function? Not So Fast. |url=https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/gain-function-not-so-fast |date=18 October 2022 |work=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |accessdate=23 October 2022 }}</ref>
*18 October &ndash; A study indicates there has been a substantial increase of [[sentiment analysis|sentiment]] negativity and decrease of emotional neutrality in [[headline]]s across written popular [[news media]] since 2000.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brooks |first1=David |title=Opinion {{!}} The Rising Tide of Global Sadness |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/27/opinion/global-sadness-rising.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=21 November 2022 |date=27 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rozado |first1=David |last2=Hughes |first2=Ruth |last3=Halberstadt |first3=Jamin |title=Longitudinal analysis of sentiment and emotion in news media headlines using automated labelling with Transformer language models |journal=PLOS ONE |date=18 October 2022 |volume=17 |issue=10 |pages=e0276367 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0276367 |pmid=36256658 |pmc=9578611 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1776367R |language=en |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*19 October &ndash; A novel type of effective [[Hydrogen economy|hydrogen]] [[Hydrogen storage|storage]] using readily available salts is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Paleja |first1=Ameya |title=German researchers find a solution to the hydrogen storage problem: salts. |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/salts-solve-problem-hydrogen-storage |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wei |first1=Duo |last2=Shi |first2=Xinzhe |last3=Sponholz |first3=Peter |last4=Junge |first4=Henrik |last5=Beller |first5=Matthias |title=Manganese Promoted (Bi)carbonate Hydrogenation and Formate Dehydrogenation: Toward a Circular Carbon and Hydrogen Economy |journal=ACS Central Science |date=26 October 2022 |volume=8 |issue=10 |pages=1457–1463 |doi=10.1021/acscentsci.2c00723 |pmid=36313168 |pmc=9615124 |doi-access=free |language=en |issn=2374-7943}}</ref>
*20 October
**A study of [[Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument|PNMN]], the world's largest [[Marine protected area|no-fishing zone]], finds a "spillover benefit" for migratory species like [[Bigeye tuna|bigeye]] and [[yellowfin tuna]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Vast marine protected area 'boosts tuna stocks' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63291104|date=21 October 2022|access-date=22 October 2022|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Medoff |first1=Sarah |last2=Lynham |first2=John |last3=Raynor |first3=Jennifer |title=Spillover benefits from the world's largest fully protected MPA |journal=Science |date=21 October 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6617 |pages=313–316 |doi=10.1126/science.abn0098 |pmid=36264800 |bibcode=2022Sci...378..313M |s2cid=253044638 |url=https://www.protectpri.com/wp-content/uploads/Medoff-Lynham-Raynor-2022.pdf |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite web|| title={{okina}}Ahi recovery up, more fish caught thanks to no-fishing zones|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2022/10/20/no-fishing-zones/|date=20 October 2022|access-date=22 October 2022|publisher=University of Hawai{{okina}}i}}</ref>
**The first data transmission to exceed 1 [[petabit]] per second (Pbit/s) using only a single laser and a single optical chip is demonstrated by European researchers.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=New data transmission record set using a single laser and a single optical chip |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-10-transmission-laser-optical-chip.html|date=23 October 2022|access-date=24 October 2022|publisher=Phys.org}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=New data transmission record |url=https://www.dtu.dk/english/news/all-news/new-data-transmission-record?id=213f1735-036d-44c9-b229-d25d74dd3f02|date=20 October 2022|access-date=24 October 2022|publisher=Technical University of Denmark}}</ref>
*21 October &ndash; News outlets report about a novel [[agricultural robot]] for viable [[weed control]] [[agricultural technology|using lasers]] or "laserweeding".<ref name="interestingengineeringPapadopoulos">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Papadopoulos |first1=Loukia |title=This new farming robot uses lasers to kill 200,000 weeds per hour |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/farming-robot-lasers-200000-weeds-per-hour |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=21 October 2022}}</ref> There are similar [[precision agriculture]] machines that have been reported before, also e.g. applying low amounts of herbicides and fertilizers with precision while [[Digital agriculture|mapping plant locations]], in some cases autonomously.<ref>{{cite web |title=Verdant Robotics launches multi-action agricultural robot for 'superhuman farming' |url=https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2022/02/23/verdant-robotics-launches-multi-action-agricultural-robot-for-superhuman-farming/49471/ |website=Robotics & Automation News |access-date=17 November 2022 |date=23 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Small Robot Company Tom, Dick, and Harry farm robots: The 200 Best Inventions of 2022 |url=https://time.com/collection/best-inventions-2022/6225155/small-robot-company-tom-dick-and-harry/ |magazine=Time |access-date=17 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Their benefits may include "healthier crops and [[soil conservation|soil]], [[Pesticide#Alternatives|decreased herbicide use]], and reduced chemical and labor costs".<ref name="interestingengineeringPapadopoulos"/>
*24 October
**The [[NHS]] launches 'Our Future Health', one of the world's largest health and genetic data gathering projects, aimed at building a long-term repository of information for researchers. Five million UK adults are invited to participate.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Health of nation study calls on millions to sign up |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-63331805 |access-date=24 October 2022 |date=24 October 2022 |website=BBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Millions of invitations go out this autumn for UK's largest health research programme |url=https://ourfuturehealth.org.uk/millions-of-invitations-go-out-this-autumn-for-uks-largest-health-research-programme/ |access-date=24 October 2022 |date=24 October 2022 |website=NHS |language=en}}</ref>
**"Hybrid viral particles (HVPs)" are reported, [[Coinfection|combining]] [[influenza A virus|IAV]] and [[respiratory syncytial virus|RSV]] ''[[in vitro]]''.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Flu and RSV viruses found to fuse together to form hybrid viruses |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-flu-rsv-viruses-fuse-hybrid.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=Medical Xpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Haney |first1=Joanne |last2=Vijayakrishnan |first2=Swetha |last3=Streetley |first3=James |last4=Dee |first4=Kieran |last5=Goldfarb |first5=Daniel Max |last6=Clarke |first6=Mairi |last7=Mullin |first7=Margaret |last8=Carter |first8=Stephen D. |last9=Bhella |first9=David |last10=Murcia |first10=Pablo R. |title=Coinfection by influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus produces hybrid virus particles |journal=Nature Microbiology |date=November 2022 |volume=7 |issue=11 |pages=1879–1890 |doi=10.1038/s41564-022-01242-5 |pmid=36280786 |s2cid=253108498 |language=en |issn=2058-5276}}</ref>
*25 October &ndash; A comprehensive annually scheduled study finds [[climate change]] is "[[Effects of climate change on human health|undermining]] every dimension of [[global health|global]] [[health]] monitored" and reports dire<!--largely substantially negative--> conclusions from [[Climate change mitigation|tracking of impact indicators]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Global health at mercy of fossil fuel addiction, warn scientists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/oct/25/global-health-fossil-fuels-climate-oil-gas-food-energy-cost-of-living |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=25 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Romanello |first1=Marina |last2=Napoli |first2=Claudia Di |last3=Drummond |first3=Paul |last4=Green |first4=Carole |last5=Kennard |first5=Harry |last6=Lampard |first6=Pete |last7=Scamman |first7=Daniel |last8=Arnell |first8=Nigel |display-authors=et al. |title=The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels |journal=The Lancet |date=5 November 2022 |volume=400 |issue=10363 |pages=1619–1654 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01540-9 |pmid=36306815 |s2cid=253148997 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)01540-9/fulltext |language=English |issn=0140-6736}}</ref>
*26 October
**In two studies, scientists report findings about [[Cancer epigenetics|the role]] of [[epigenetics]] – which is {{tooltip|shaped during lifetime|and hence also relevant to prevention and controllability}} – in [[colorectal cancer|colorectal]] [[cancer]], including that it is a<!-- or the--> major component of how an individual tumor varies and findings about its influences on the accumulation of DNA mutations and cancer [[phenotype]]s.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Dark matter' find could change cancer treatment |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-63399263 |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=BBC News |date=27 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Heide |first1=Timon |last2=Househam |first2=Jacob |last3=Cresswell |first3=George D. |last4=Spiteri |first4=Inmaculada |last5=Lynn |first5=Claire |last6=Mossner |first6=Maximilian |last7=Kimberley |first7=Chris |last8=Fernandez-Mateos |first8=Javier |last9=Chen |first9=Bingjie |last10=Zapata |first10=Luis |last11=James |first11=Chela |last12=Barozzi |first12=Iros |last13=Chkhaidze |first13=Ketevan |last14=Nichol |first14=Daniel |last15=Gunasri |first15=Vinaya |last16=Berner |first16=Alison |last17=Schmidt |first17=Melissa |last18=Lakatos |first18=Eszter |last19=Baker |first19=Ann-Marie |last20=Costa |first20=Helena |last21=Mitchinson |first21=Miriam |last22=Piazza |first22=Rocco |last23=Jansen |first23=Marnix |last24=Caravagna |first24=Giulio |last25=Ramazzotti |first25=Daniele |last26=Shibata |first26=Darryl |last27=Bridgewater |first27=John |last28=Rodriguez-Justo |first28=Manuel |last29=Magnani |first29=Luca |last30=Graham |first30=Trevor A. |last31=Sottoriva |first31=Andrea |title=The co-evolution of the genome and epigenome in colorectal cancer |journal=Nature |date=26 October 2022 |volume=611 |issue=7937 |pages=733–743 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05202-1 |pmid=36289335 |pmc=9684080 |bibcode=2022Natur.611..733H |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Househam |first1=Jacob |last2=Heide |first2=Timon |last3=Cresswell |first3=George D. |last4=Spiteri |first4=Inmaculada |last5=Kimberley |first5=Chris |last6=Zapata |first6=Luis |last7=Lynn |first7=Claire |last8=James |first8=Chela |last9=Mossner |first9=Maximilian |last10=Fernandez-Mateos |first10=Javier |last11=Vinceti |first11=Alessandro |last12=Baker |first12=Ann-Marie |last13=Gabbutt |first13=Calum |last14=Berner |first14=Alison |last15=Schmidt |first15=Melissa |last16=Chen |first16=Bingjie |last17=Lakatos |first17=Eszter |last18=Gunasri |first18=Vinaya |last19=Nichol |first19=Daniel |last20=Costa |first20=Helena |last21=Mitchinson |first21=Miriam |last22=Ramazzotti |first22=Daniele |last23=Werner |first23=Benjamin |last24=Iorio |first24=Francesco |last25=Jansen |first25=Marnix |last26=Caravagna |first26=Giulio |last27=Barnes |first27=Chris P. |last28=Shibata |first28=Darryl |last29=Bridgewater |first29=John |last30=Rodriguez-Justo |first30=Manuel |last31=Magnani |first31=Luca |last32=Sottoriva |first32=Andrea |last33=Graham |first33=Trevor A. |title=Phenotypic plasticity and genetic control in colorectal cancer evolution |journal=Nature |date=26 October 2022 |volume=611 |issue=7937 |pages=744–753 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05311-x |pmid=36289336 |pmc=9684078 |bibcode=2022Natur.611..744H |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**At the 30th anniversary of the [[World Scientists' Warning to Humanity]], scientists conclude that "We are now at '[[Climate emergency declaration|code red]]' on planet Earth", facing a [[Climate crisis|climate emergency]], warning citizens and world leaders to take necessary actions with information about [[Climate change mitigation|tracked]] "recent climate-related disasters, assess[ed] planetary vital signs, and [...] [[policy]] recommendations".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate warnings highlight the urgent need for action ahead of COP27 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2345094-climate-warnings-highlight-the-urgent-need-for-action-ahead-of-cop27/ |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ripple |first1=William J |last2=Wolf |first2=Christopher |last3=Gregg |first3=Jillian W |last4=Levin |first4=Kelly |last5=Rockström |first5=Johan |last6=Newsome |first6=Thomas M |last7=Betts |first7=Matthew G |last8=Huq |first8=Saleemul |last9=Law |first9=Beverly E |last10=Kemp |first10=Luke |last11=Kalmus |first11=Peter |last12=Lenton |first12=Timothy M |title=World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency 2022 |journal=BioScience |date=26 October 2022 |volume=72 |issue=12 |pages=1149–1155 |doi=10.1093/biosci/biac083}}</ref>
**A study concludes that [[cosmic radiation]] events in the [[Wood#Growth rings|tree-ring]] radiocarbon record called "[[Miyake event]]s", don't appear to be caused by the [[solar cycle]] (i.e. [[solar flare]]s) as thought previously and have extended durations. They occurred every ~1,000 years on average and may threaten global technologies this century.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Huge solar storms may not explain shadows of radiation in trees |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/solar-storm-radiation-trees-miyake-event |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=Science News |date=7 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Qingyuan |last2=Sharma |first2=Utkarsh |last3=Dennis |first3=Jordan A. |last4=Scifo |first4=Andrea |last5=Kuitems |first5=Margot |last6=Büntgen |first6=Ulf |last7=Owens |first7=Mathew J. |last8=Dee |first8=Michael W. |last9=Pope |first9=Benjamin J. S. |title=Modelling cosmic radiation events in the tree-ring radiocarbon record |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |date=26 October 2022 |volume=478 |issue=2266 |pages=20220497 |doi=10.1098/rspa.2022.0497|arxiv=2210.13775|bibcode=2022RSPSA.47820497Z |s2cid=253107601 }}</ref>
**A magnetical guidance system with [[Biohybrid microswimmer|engineered bacterial]] [[microbot]]s {{see above|also [[#September|22 September]] above}} for <!--Targeted drug delivery-->'precision targeting'<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Schmidt |first1=Christine K. |last2=Medina-Sánchez |first2=Mariana |last3=Edmondson |first3=Richard J. |last4=Schmidt |first4=Oliver G. |title=Engineering microrobots for targeted cancer therapies from a medical perspective |journal=Nature Communications |date=5 November 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=5618 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19322-7 |pmid=33154372 |pmc=7645678 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5618S |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref> is demonstrated to be effective for fighting [[cancer]] in mice.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Thompson |first1=Joanna |title=These tiny magnetic robots can infiltrate tumors — and maybe destroy cancer |url=https://www.inverse.com/innovation/bacteria-robotic-cancer-treatment |access-date=21 November 2022 |work=Inverse |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gwisai |first1=T. |last2=Mirkhani |first2=N. |last3=Christiansen |first3=M. G. |last4=Nguyen |first4=T. T. |last5=Ling |first5=V. |last6=Schuerle |first6=S. |title=Magnetic torque–driven living microrobots for increased tumor infiltration |journal=Science Robotics |date=26 October 2022 |volume=7 |issue=71 |pages=eabo0665 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abo0665 |pmid=36288270 |language=en |issn=2470-9476|biorxiv=10.1101/2022.01.03.473989|s2cid=253160428 }}</ref>
*31 October
**Multiple traces [[2022 monkeypox outbreak|of monkeypox]] are [[Wastewater-based epidemiology|detected in non-sewered wastewater]] with sparse sampling from a densely populated metropolitan area in Asia.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wannigama |first1=Dhammika Leshan |last2=Amarasiri |first2=Mohan |last3=Hongsing |first3=Parichart |last4=Hurst |first4=Cameron |last5=Modchang |first5=Charin |last6=Chadsuthi |first6=Sudarat |last7=Anupong |first7=Suparinthon |last8=Phattharapornjaroen |first8=Phatthranit |last9=S.m. |first9=Ali Hosseini Rad |last10=Fernandez |first10=Stefan |last11=Huang |first11=Angkana T. |last12=Kueakulpattana |first12=Naris |last13=Tanasatitchai |first13=Chanikan |last14=Vatanaprasan |first14=Porames |last15=Saethang |first15=Thammakorn |date=2023-02-01 |orig-date=2022-10-30 |title=Multiple traces of monkeypox detected in non-sewered wastewater with sparse sampling from a densely populated metropolitan area in Asia |journal=Science of the Total Environment |language=en |volume=858 |issue=Pt 1 |pages=159816 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159816 |pmid=36461562 |issn=0048-9697 |pmc=9620434|bibcode=2023ScTEn.858o9816W }}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=October 2022}}
**A new record for the longest-[[Embryo cryopreservation|frozen embryos]] to ever result in a live birth is reported in the United States, with twins born after storage for 30 years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Parents welcome twins from embryos frozen 30 years ago |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/21/health/30-year-old-embryos-twins/index.html|date=21 November 2022|access-date=21 November 2022|publisher=CNN}}</ref>

===November===
[[File:Artist's_impression_of_the_closest_black_hole_to_Earth_and_its_Sun-like_companion_star.jpg|thumb|4 November: Artist's impression of the [[Gaia BH1]] system, containing a Sun-like star and the closest known black hole to Earth.]]
[[File:Sperm-egg.jpg|thumb|15 November: A [[Male infertility crisis|62% decline]] in [[sperm counts]] is found to have occurred since the early 1970s.]]
*1 November &ndash; A [[pooled analysis]] indicates that [[global health|globally]] over half of all preschool-aged children and over two-thirds of all nonpregnant women of reproductive age are [[micronutrient deficiency|deficient in at least one of three micronutrients]] each. The study notes required [[Health data|data]] is scarce and such deficiencies [[nutrition science|can constrain]] physical and ([[Development of the nervous system in humans|neurocognitive]]) <!--Child development|-->development and [[healthy diet|compromise health]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='With food prices increasing less people will achieve a balanced diet': Data highlights 'shocking' extent of malnutrition |url=https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2022/12/07/data-highlights-shocking-extent-of-malnutrition |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=foodnavigator.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Stevens |first1=Gretchen A. |last2=Beal |first2=Ty |last3=Mbuya |first3=Mduduzi N. N. |last4=Luo |first4=Hanqi |last5=Neufeld |first5=Lynnette M. |last6=Addo |first6=O. Yaw |last7=Adu-Afarwuah |first7=Seth |last8=Alayón |first8=Silvia |last9=Bhutta |first9=Zulfiqar |last10=Brown |first10=Kenneth H. |last11=Jefferds |first11=Maria Elena |last12=Engle-Stone |first12=Reina |last13=Fawzi |first13=Wafaie |last14=Hess |first14=Sonja Y. |last15=Johnston |first15=Robert |last16=Katz |first16=Joanne |last17=Krasevec |first17=Julia |last18=McDonald |first18=Christine M. |last19=Mei |first19=Zuguo |last20=Osendarp |first20=Saskia |last21=Paciorek |first21=Christopher J. |last22=Petry |first22=Nicolai |last23=Pfeiffer |first23=Christine M. |last24=Ramirez-Luzuriaga |first24=Maria J. |last25=Rogers |first25=Lisa M. |last26=Rohner |first26=Fabian |last27=Sethi |first27=Vani |last28=Suchdev |first28=Parminder S. |last29=Tessema |first29=Masresha |last30=Villapando |first30=Salvador |last31=Wieringa |first31=Frank T. |last32=Williams |first32=Anne M. |last33=Woldeyahannes |first33=Meseret |last34=Young |first34=Melissa F. |title=Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys |journal=The Lancet Global Health |date=1 November 2022 |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=e1590–e1599 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00367-9 |pmid=36240826 |s2cid=252857990 |language=English |issn=2214-109X}}</ref>
*2 November &ndash; Scientists show that cells move faster in thicker (higher [[viscosity]]) fluids. Cancer cells can form memory of extracellular fluid, helping them to form distant cancerous colonies more efficiently when exposed to fluids of higher viscosities.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Cancer Cells Gather Speed in Thicker Fluids |url=https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/cancer-cells-gather-speed-in-thicker-fluids-70781 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=The Scientist Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bera |first1=Kaustav |last2=Kiepas |first2=Alexander |last3=Godet |first3=Inês |last4=Li |first4=Yizeng |last5=Mehta |first5=Pranav |last6=Ifemembi |first6=Brent |last7=Paul |first7=Colin D. |last8=Sen |first8=Anindya |last9=Serra |first9=Selma A. |last10=Stoletov |first10=Konstantin |last11=Tao |first11=Jiaxiang |last12=Shatkin |first12=Gabriel |last13=Lee |first13=Se Jong |last14=Zhang |first14=Yuqi |last15=Boen |first15=Adrianna |date=November 2022 |title=Extracellular fluid viscosity enhances cell migration and cancer dissemination |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=611 |issue=7935 |pages=365–373 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05394-6 |pmid=36323783 |pmc=9646524 |bibcode=2022Natur.611..365B |s2cid=253267986 |issn=1476-4687}}
* Medical school press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Extracellular viscosity linked to cancer spread |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/969915 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=EurekAlert! |language=en}}</ref>
*3 November &ndash; Astronomers using the [[IXPE]] space observatory report that [[4U 0142+61]], a [[magnetar]] found 13,000 light-years from Earth, likely has a solid surface with no atmosphere.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Magnetised dead star likely has solid surface |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2022/nov/magnetised-dead-star-likely-has-solid-surface |work=UCL |date=3 November 2022|access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Taverna |first1=Roberto |last2=Turolla |first2=Roberto |last3=Muleri |first3=Fabio |display-authors=et al. |title=Polarized x-rays from a magnetar |journal=Science |date=11 November 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6620 |pages=646–650 |doi=10.1126/science.add0080 |pmid=36356124 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add0080 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|arxiv=2205.08898|bibcode=2022Sci...378..646T |s2cid=248863030 }}</ref>
*4 November &ndash; The discovery of [[Gaia BH1]], a binary system containing what is likely the [[List of nearest known black holes|closest known black hole]] to Earth, is reported by astronomers in the U.S.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Astronomers discover closest black hole to earth |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/11/221104113504.htm |access-date=4 November 2022 |date=5 November 2022 |website=Science Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=A Sun-like star orbiting a black hole |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |year=2023 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac3140|arxiv=2209.06833|last1=El-Badry |first1=Kareem |last2=Rix |first2=Hans-Walter |last3=Quataert |first3=Eliot |last4=Howard |first4=Andrew W. |last5=Isaacson |first5=Howard |last6=Fuller |first6=Jim |last7=Hawkins |first7=Keith |last8=Breivik |first8=Katelyn |last9=Wong |first9=Kaze W K. |last10=Rodriguez |first10=Antonio C. |last11=Conroy |first11=Charlie |last12=Shahaf |first12=Sahar |last13=Mazeh |first13=Tsevi |last14=Arenou |first14=Frédéric |last15=Burdge |first15=Kevin B. |last16=Bashi |first16=Dolev |last17=Faigler |first17=Simchon |last18=Weisz |first18=Daniel R. |last19=Seeburger |first19=Rhys |last20=Almada Monter |first20=Silvia |last21=Wojno |first21=Jennifer |volume=518 |pages=1057–1085 }}</ref>
*6–18 November – The [[2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] (COP27) on [[climate change mitigation]] takes place in [[Sharm el-Sheikh]], Egypt.<ref name="cop27">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Dickie |first1=Gloria |title=COP27: World on track to increase emissions 10.6% by 2030 - UN report |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/cop27-world-track-increase-emissions-106-by-2030-un-report-2022-10-26/ |access-date=31 October 2022 |work=Reuters |date=26 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Friedman |first1=Lisa |title=What Is COP27? And Other Questions About the Big U.N. Climate Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/cop27-climate-change-summit.html |access-date=31 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=31 October 2022}}</ref>
*7 November
**The first clinical trial of [[Artificial cell#Artificial red blood cells|laboratory-grown]] [[red blood cells]] transfused into people begins.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Lab-grown blood given to people in world-first clinical trial |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-63513330 |access-date=7 November 2022 |date=7 November 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=First ever clinical trial of laboratory grown red blood cells being transfused into another person underway |url=https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2022/november/labblood-study.html |access-date=7 November 2022 |date=7 November 2022 |work=[[University of Bristol]]}}</ref>
**Scientists [[World Scientists' Warning to Humanity#Other scientists' warnings|warn]] about summarized [[Effects of climate change on terrestrial animals|effects of climate change on insects]], among other novel stressors,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Halsch |first1=Christopher A. |last2=Shapiro |first2=Arthur M. |last3=Fordyce |first3=James A. |last4=Nice |first4=Chris C. |last5=Thorne |first5=James H. |last6=Waetjen |first6=David P. |last7=Forister |first7=Matthew L. |title=Insects and recent climate change |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=12 January 2021 |volume=118 |issue=2 |pages=e2002543117 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2002543117 |pmid=33431560 |pmc=7812774 |bibcode=2021PNAS..11802543H |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free }}</ref> which may "drastically reduce our ability to build a sustainable future based on healthy, functional [[ecosystem]]s", providing several recommended mitigation options.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate change is hammering insects — in the tropics and everywhere else: Scientists |url=https://southafricatoday.net/environment/climate-change-is-hammering-insects-in-the-tropics-and-everywhere-else-scientists/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=South Africa Today |date=13 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Harvey |first1=Jeffrey A. |last2=Tougeron |first2=Kévin |last3=Gols |first3=Rieta |last4=Heinen |first4=Robin |display-authors=et al. |title=Scientists' warning on climate change and insects |journal=Ecological Monographs |date=7 November 2022 |volume=93 |doi=10.1002/ecm.1553 |s2cid=253411354 |language=en |issn=0012-9615|url=https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03882544/file/Ecological%20Monographs%20-%202022%20-%20Harvey%20-%20Scientists%20warning%20on%20climate%20change%20and%20insects.pdf }}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Entomologists issue warning about effects of climate change on insects |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-entomologists-issue-effects-climate-insects.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=University of Maryland via phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
**The development of organic [[Artificial neuron#Physical artificial cells|artificial neurons]] that function [[Wetware computer#Prototypes|in and with biological systems]], partly {{see above|e.g. [[#January|25 Jan]]&[[#Sep1|1 Sep]]}} [[biomimicry|mimicking]] [[neuron]]s' communication, is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sarkar |first1=Tanmoy |last2=Lieberth |first2=Katharina |last3=Pavlou |first3=Aristea |last4=Frank |first4=Thomas |last5=Mailaender |first5=Volker |last6=McCulloch |first6=Iain |last7=Blom |first7=Paul W. M. |last8=Torricelli |first8=Fabrizio |last9=Gkoupidenis |first9=Paschalis |title=An organic artificial spiking neuron for in situ neuromorphic sensing and biointerfacing |journal=Nature Electronics |date=November 2022 |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=774–783 |doi=10.1038/s41928-022-00859-y |s2cid=253413801 |language=en |issn=2520-1131}}</ref>
*9 November
**[[IBM]] unveils its 433-[[qubit]] 'Osprey' quantum processor, the successor to its [[IBM Eagle|Eagle]] system.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=IBM Unveils 400 Qubit-Plus Quantum Processor and Next-Generation IBM Quantum System Two |url=https://newsroom.ibm.com/2022-11-09-IBM-Unveils-400-Qubit-Plus-Quantum-Processor-and-Next-Generation-IBM-Quantum-System-Two |access-date=10 November 2022 |date=9 November 2022 |work=IBM}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=IBM unveils its 433 qubit Osprey quantum computer |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/11/09/ibm-unveils-its-433-qubit-osprey-quantum-computer/ |access-date=10 November 2022 |date=9 November 2022 |work=Tech Crunch}}</ref>
**A study shows that 50+ aged users of the dietary program [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program|SNAP]] "had about 2 fewer years of [[Brain aging|cognitive aging]] over a 10-year period compared with non-users" despite it having nearly no conditions for the [[sustainable food system|sustainability]] and [[healthy diet|healthiness]] of the food products purchased with the [[coupon]]s (or coupon-credits).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=SNAP Use Linked to Slower Decline in Memory for Older Adults |url=https://www.neurologyadvisor.com/topics/general-neurology/snap-use-linked-to-slower-decline-in-memory-for-older-adults/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Neurology Advisor |date=14 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lu |first1=Peiyi |last2=Kezios |first2=Katrina |last3=Lee |first3=Jongseong |last4=Calonico |first4=Sebastian |last5=Wimer |first5=Christopher |last6=Hazzouri |first6=Adina Zeki Al |title=Association Between Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Use and Memory Decline: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study |journal=Neurology |date=9 November 2022 |volume=100 |issue=6 |pages=e595–e602 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000201499 |pmid=36351816 |pmc=9946186 |s2cid=253445156 |language=en |issn=0028-3878}}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Using SNAP benefits may slow memory decline in older adults |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-11-snap-benefits-memory-decline-older.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
*10 November
**A study describes how one may eventually be able to detect (distinguish) [[wormhole]]s, suggesting they may have never been observed because they appear very similar to [[black hole]]s.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Researchers suggest that wormholes may look almost identical to black holes |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-wormholes-identical-black-holes.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Deliyski |first1=Valentin |last2=Gyulchev |first2=Galin |last3=Nedkova |first3=Petya |last4=Yazadjiev |first4=Stoytcho |title=Polarized image of equatorial emission in horizonless spacetimes: Traversable wormholes |journal=Physical Review D |date=10 November 2022 |volume=106 |issue=10 |pages=104024 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.106.104024|arxiv=2206.09455|bibcode=2022PhRvD.106j4024D |s2cid=249889269 }}</ref>
**Notable [[software development]]s:
***After domain seizures of [[Z-Library]] by [[intellectual property|copyright]] law enforcement and moves toward [[dark web]] and [[IPFS]] technologies by its content providers, the [[free and open source software|open source]] [[shadow library]] [[metasearch engine|UI]] [[Anna's Archive]] – which also provides access to a full copy of Z-Library content and scientific articles – is established by a team of [[archivist]]s,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title="Anna's Archive" Opens the Door to Z-Library and Other Pirate Libraries * TorrentFreak |url=https://torrentfreak.com/annas-archive-opens-the-door-to-z-library-and-other-pirate-libraries-221118/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=[[TorrentFreak]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Shadow Libraries' Are Moving Their Pirated Books to The Dark Web After Fed Crackdowns |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7vnn4/shadow-libraries-are-moving-their-pirated-books-to-the-dark-web-after-fed-crackdowns |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Vice |language=en}}</ref> essentially providing the largest human book and literature [[library]].
***News outlets report about the development of a post-editing model using [[GPT-3]] that improves [[machine translation]]s after [[problem-solving|identification of current translation problems]] (8 Nov/25 Oct).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Fadelli |first1=Ingrid |title=Study assesses the quality of AI literary translations by comparing them with human translations |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-11-quality-ai-literary-human.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite arXiv|last1=Thai |first1=Katherine |last2=Karpinska |first2=Marzena |last3=Krishna |first3=Kalpesh |last4=Ray |first4=Bill |last5=Inghilleri |first5=Moira |last6=Wieting |first6=John |last7=Iyyer |first7=Mohit |title=Exploring Document-Level Literary Machine Translation with Parallel Paragraphs from World Literature |date=25 October 2022|class=cs.CL |eprint=2210.14250 }}</ref>
***The largest global inventory and interactive map of [[climate change mitigation|greenhouse gas emission sources]] is released by [[Climate TRACE]] (9 Nov).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||first1=Harry |last1=Cockburn |title=Global oil and gas emissions 'up to three times higher than companies claim' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/global-gas-oil-emissions-rise-b2221249.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=The Independent |date=9 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emissions Map - Climate TRACE |url=https://climatetrace.org/map |website=climatetrace.org |access-date=18 December 2022 |language=en}}
* Press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=News - Climate TRACE |url=https://climatetrace.org/news/more-than-70000-of-the-highest-emitting-greenhouse-gas |access-date=18 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
***Around the [[acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk]] (27 Oct), interest in alternatives to the site – described as "one of the world's most high-profile information ecosystems", a contemporary suboptimal [[public square]], and as heavily used by many journalists and [[news media]] – increases substantially. However, no alternative such as [[Mastodon (social network)|Mastodon]], [[Reddit]] or the [[Bluesky (protocol)|Bluesky protocol]] was found to match {{tooltip|its features|(features not including its large user base but including the type of contents such as a mixtures of e.g. official statements, entertainment and news feeds)}} such as ease of use to date, in terms of being able to substitute the site.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Ortutay |first1=Barbara |title=Twitter drama too much? Mastodon, others emerge as options |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-11-twitter-drama-mastodon-emerge-options.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Urbain |first1=Thomas |title=What could a world without Twitter look like? |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-11-world-twitter.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The best Twitter alternatives |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-twitter-alternatives/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=ZDNET |language=en}}</ref>
***Two studies demonstrate platform-built-in as well [[Web browser|browser]]-integrated [[misinformation#Countermeasures|misinformation mitigation]] (11 Nov).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Jahanbakhsh |first1=Farnaz |last2=Zhang |first2=Amy X. |last3=Karger |first3=David R. |title=Leveraging Structured Trusted-Peer Assessments to Combat Misinformation |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |date=11 November 2022 |volume=6 |issue=CSCW2 |pages=524:1–524:40 |doi=10.1145/3555637|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Jahanbakhsh |first1=Farnaz |last2=Zhang |first2=Amy X. |last3=Karahalios |first3=Karrie |last4=Karger |first4=David R. |title=Our Browser Extension Lets Readers Change the Headlines on News Articles, and You Won't Believe What They Did! |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |date=11 November 2022 |volume=6 |issue=CSCW2 |pages=530:1–530:33 |doi=10.1145/3555643|doi-access=free}}</ref>
***Researchers develop [[fact-checking|falsity scores]] for over 800 contemporary [[elite]]s on Twitter and associated exposure scores (21 Nov).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New MIT Sloan research measures exposure to misinformation from political elites on Twitter |url=https://apnews.com/press-release/pr-newswire/misinformation-701fb46656eb2197a845f789857d83b2 |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=AP NEWS |date=29 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mosleh |first1=Mohsen |last2=Rand |first2=David G. |title=Measuring exposure to misinformation from political elites on Twitter |journal=Nature Communications |date=21 November 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7144 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34769-6 |pmid=36414634 |pmc=9681735 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7144M |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
***News outlets report about the first fully self-supervised [[anti-money laundering]] [[Applications of artificial intelligence|AI software]] using contemporary suboptimal datasets, LaundroGraph (24 Nov/26 Oct).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cardoso |first1=Mário |last2=Saleiro |first2=Pedro |last3=Bizarro |first3=Pedro |title=LaundroGraph: Self-Supervised Graph Representation Learning for Anti-Money Laundering |journal=Proceedings of the Third ACM International Conference on AI in Finance |date=26 October 2022 |pages=130–138 |doi=10.1145/3533271.3561727 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|arxiv=2210.14360|isbn=9781450393768 |s2cid=253022343 }}</ref>
*11 November &ndash; The [[Global Carbon Project]] reports that carbon emissions in 2022 remain at record levels, with no sign of the decrease that is needed to limit [[global warming]] to 1.5&nbsp;°C. At the current rate, the [[Carbon budget|carbon that can still be emitted]] while still meeting the 1.5&nbsp;°C [[2020s#Global goals and issues|global goal]] will likely (at a 50% chance) be emitted within only around nine years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=COP27: Key climate goal of 1.5C rise faces new challenge |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63591796 |work=BBC News |date=11 November 2022|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Global Carbon Budget |url=https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/22/events-prm.htm |work=Global Carbon Project |date=11 November 2022|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Friedlingstein |first1=Pierre |last2=O'Sullivan |first2=Michael |last3=Jones |first3=Matthew W. |last4=Andrew |first4=Robbie M. |last5=Gregor |first5=Luke |last6=Hauck |first6=Judith |last7=Le Quéré |first7=Corinne |last8=Luijkx |first8=Ingrid T. |display-authors=et al. |title=Global Carbon Budget 2022 |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=11 November 2022 |volume=14 |issue=11 |pages=4811–4900 |doi=10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022 |bibcode=2022ESSD...14.4811F |language=English |issn=1866-3508|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*12 November &ndash; Astronomers, using the [[Hubble Space Telescope]], report the discovery of one of the most [[Metallicity#Galaxies|metal-poor galaxies]] known. This nearby [[dwarf galaxy]], 20 million light-years away and 1,200 light-years across, is named [[HIPASS J1131–31]] (nicknamed the [[Peekaboo galaxy|"Peekaboo" galaxy]]).<ref name="SA-20221216">{{cite web |last=Parks |first=Jake |title=Hubble spots a nearby galaxy that looks like it belongs in the early universe - The extremely metal-poor galaxy, nicknamed Peekaboo, relatively recently emerged from behind a fast-moving star. |url=https://astronomy.com/news/2022/12/hubble-spots-a-nearby-galaxy-that-looks-like-it-belongs-in-the-early-universe |date=16 December 2022 |work=[[Scientific American]] |accessdate=17 December 2022 }}</ref><ref name="MN-20221112">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Karachentsev, J.D. |display-authors=et al. |title=Peekaboo: the extremely metal poor dwarf galaxy HIPASS J1131-31 |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/518/4/5893/6825465 |date=12 November 2022 |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=518 |issue=4 |pages=5893–5903 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac3284 |accessdate=17 December 2022 }}</ref>
*14 November
**Archaeologists report the oldest likely evidence (via heated fish teeth from a deep cave) of [[Control of fire by early humans|controlled use of fire]] to [[cooking|cook]] food [[Timeline of human evolution#Homo|by archaic humans ~780,000 years ago]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Ancient human relative used fire, surprising discoveries suggest |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/12/05/homo-naledi-fire-evolution/ |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zohar |first1=Irit |last2=Alperson-Afil |first2=Nira |last3=Goren-Inbar |first3=Naama |last4=Prévost |first4=Marion |last5=Tütken |first5=Thomas |last6=Sisma-Ventura |first6=Guy |last7=Hershkovitz |first7=Israel |last8=Najorka |first8=Jens |title=Evidence for the cooking of fish 780,000 years ago at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |date=December 2022 |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=2016–2028 |doi=10.1038/s41559-022-01910-z |pmid=36376603 |s2cid=253522354 |language=en |issn=2397-334X |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365369121 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**After being linked to risks for obesity,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Park |first1=Yong-Moon Mark |last2=White |first2=Alexandra J. |last3=Jackson |first3=Chandra L. |last4=Weinberg |first4=Clarice R. |last5=Sandler |first5=Dale P. |title=Association of Exposure to Artificial Light at Night While Sleeping With Risk of Obesity in Women |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 August 2019 |volume=179 |issue=8 |pages=1061–1071 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0571|pmid=31180469 |pmc=6563591 }}</ref> mental disorders,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tancredi |first1=Stefano |last2=Urbano |first2=Teresa |last3=Vinceti |first3=Marco |last4=Filippini |first4=Tommaso |title=Artificial light at night and risk of mental disorders: A systematic review |journal=Science of the Total Environment |date=August 2022 |volume=833 |pages=155185 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155185|pmid=35417728 |bibcode=2022ScTEn.833o5185T |s2cid=248093823 }}</ref> and potentially other health issues,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Artificial Light at Night: State of the Science 2022 |url=https://www.darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IDA-State-of-the-Science-2022-EN.pdf |publisher=International Dark-Sky Association |access-date=17 December 2022 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.6903500 |date=9 June 2022|last1=Barentine |first1=John C. }}</ref> a study finds a likely association between (contemporary types of) outdoor [[Light pollution#Types|artificial light at night]] and [[diabetes]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Impaired Glucose Homeostasis Seen With Exposure to Artificial Light at Night - Physician's Weekly |url=https://www.physiciansweekly.com/impaired-glucose-homeostasis-seen-with-exposure-to-artificial-light-at-night/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |date=1 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zheng |first1=Ruizhi |last2=Xin |first2=Zhuojun |last3=Li |first3=Mian |last4=Wang |first4=Tiange |last5=Xu |first5=Min |last6=Lu |first6=Jieli |last7=Dai |first7=Meng |last8=Zhang |first8=Di |last9=Chen |first9=Yuhong |last10=Wang |first10=Shuangyuan |last11=Lin |first11=Hong |last12=Wang |first12=Weiqing |last13=Ning |first13=Guang |last14=Bi |first14=Yufang |last15=Zhao |first15=Zhiyun |last16=Xu |first16=Yu |title=Outdoor light at night in relation to glucose homoeostasis and diabetes in Chinese adults: a national and cross-sectional study of 98,658 participants from 162 study sites |journal=Diabetologia |date=14 November 2022 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=336–345 |doi=10.1007/s00125-022-05819-x |pmid=36372821 |s2cid=253509635 |language=en |issn=1432-0428}}</ref>
*15 November
**A [[scientific review]] finds that human [[sperm counts]] fell [[Male infertility crisis|by 62% in the last 50 years and are decreasing at an accelerating rate]],<ref name="spermcountsdeclines">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Humans could face reproductive crisis as sperm count declines, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/nov/15/humans-could-face-reproductive-crisis-as-sperm-count-declines-study-finds |work=The Guardian |date=15 November 2022|access-date=27 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Levine |first1=Hagai |last2=Jørgensen |first2=Niels |last3=Martino-Andrade |first3=Anderson |last4=Mendiola |first4=Jaime |last5=Weksler-Derri |first5=Dan |last6=Jolles |first6=Maya |last7=Pinotti |first7=Rachel |last8=Swan |first8=Shanna H |title=Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries |journal=[[Human Reproduction (journal)|Human Reproduction]] |date=15 November 2022 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=157–176 |doi=10.1093/humupd/dmac035|pmid=36377604 }}</ref> likely a result of factors such as [[Healthy diet|poor diets]], [[endocrine disruptor]]s in prevalent products, unhealthy lifestyles and toxic [[forever chemicals]] in air and water.<ref name="spermcountsdeclines"/>
**A study using [[neuroimaging]] identifies rapid [[GABA]] boosting as a major potential explanation-component for why [[learning]] is often [[Development of the nervous system in humans|more efficient]] in [[children]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Brain scans shed light on how kids learn faster than adults |url=https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2022/11/17/brain-scans-children-learn/9721668697147/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=UPI |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Frank |first1=Sebastian M. |last2=Becker |first2=Markus |last3=Qi |first3=Andrea |last4=Geiger |first4=Patricia |last5=Frank |first5=Ulrike I. |last6=Rosedahl |first6=Luke A. |last7=Malloni |first7=Wilhelm M. |last8=Sasaki |first8=Yuka |last9=Greenlee |first9=Mark W. |last10=Watanabe |first10=Takeo |title=Efficient learning in children with rapid GABA boosting during and after training |journal=Current Biology |date=5 December 2022 |volume=32 |issue=23 |pages=5022–5030.e7 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.021 |pmid=36384138 |language=English |issn=0960-9822|biorxiv=10.1101/2022.01.02.474022|s2cid=253571891 }}</ref>
**Scientists report [[leprosy]]-causing bacteria viably [[Regeneration in humans#Research|regenerate and rejuvenate the liver]] in its [[armadillo]]s hosts, which may enable novel human therapies.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Fauzia |first1=Miriam |title=The bacteria that causes leprosy can also help regrow human livers |url=https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/leprosy-causing-bacteria-regrow-human-livers |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Inverse |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hess |first1=Samuel |last2=Kendall |first2=Timothy J. |last3=Pena |first3=Maria |last4=Yamane |first4=Keitaro |last5=Soong |first5=Daniel |last6=Adams |first6=Linda |last7=Truman |first7=Richard |last8=Rambukkana |first8=Anura |title=In vivo partial reprogramming by bacteria promotes adult liver organ growth without fibrosis and tumorigenesis |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |date=15 November 2022 |volume=3 |issue=11 |page=100820 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100820 |pmid=36384103 |pmc=9729881 |s2cid=253577148 |language=English |issn=2666-3791}}</ref>
*16 November
**NASA conducts the [[Artemis 1|first uncrewed flight]] of its [[Space Launch System]] (SLS), the largest rocket in history. The onboard [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion]] capsule will orbit the [[Moon]] before returning to Earth, as a demonstration of planned human missions.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Nasa: Artemis Moon rocket lifts off Earth |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63643707 |work=BBC News |date=16 November 2022|access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Nasa Artemis 1 launch: rocket lifts off on moon mission – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2022/nov/16/artemis-1-nasa-rocket-launch-moon-mission-space-live-updates |work=The Guardian |date=16 November 2022|access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref>
**A satellite-free [[GPS]]-alternative higher-resolution [[positioning system]] using existing telecommunications networks is demonstrated, SuperGPS.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title="SuperGPS" ditches satellites for radio towers for cm-scale tracking |url=https://newatlas.com/telecommunications/supergps-radio-centimeter-location-tracking/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=17 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Koelemeij |first1=Jeroen C. J. |last2=Dun |first2=Han |last3=Diouf |first3=Cherif E. V. |last4=Dierikx |first4=Erik F. |last5=Janssen |first5=Gerard J. M. |last6=Tiberius |first6=Christian C. J. M. |title=A hybrid optical–wireless network for decimetre-level terrestrial positioning |journal=Nature |date=November 2022 |volume=611 |issue=7936 |pages=473–478 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05315-7 |pmid=36385540 |arxiv=2305.14796 |bibcode=2022Natur.611..473K |s2cid=253555248 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365444160|url-access=subscription}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=A navigation system with 10 centimeter accuracy |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-11-centimeter-accuracy.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Delft University of Technology via techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Witchcraft beliefs around the world in the present.png|thumb|23 November: A study reports estimated contemporary prevalence and associations with [[belief]] in [[witchcraft]] around the world, which (in their data) varied between 9% and 90% between [[nation]]s and is still a widespread element in [[Reality#World views and theories|worldviews]] globally.<ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0276872"/>]]
*18 November &ndash; Researchers theorize that in many disciplines, larger [[Metascience#Factors of success and progress|scientific productivity or success]] by [[College and university rankings|elite universities]] can be explained by their larger pool of available funded laborers.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Why it pays to join a big research group if you want to be more scientifically productive |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/why-it-pays-to-join-a-big-research-group-if-you-want-to-be-more-scientifically-productive/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=Physics World |date=24 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Sam |last2=Wapman |first2=K. Hunter |last3=Larremore |first3=Daniel B. |last4=Clauset |first4=Aaron |title=Labor advantages drive the greater productivity of faculty at elite universities |journal=Science Advances |date=16 November 2022 |volume=8 |issue=46 |pages=eabq7056 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abq7056 |pmid=36399560 |pmc=9674273 |arxiv=2204.05989 |bibcode=2022SciA....8.7056Z |language=en |issn=2375-2548}}</ref> A commentary notes that academic rankings don't consider where (country and institute) the respective researchers were trained (1 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=La Porta |first1=Caterina AM |last2=Zapperi |first2=Stefano |title=America's top universities reap the benefit of Italian-trained scientists |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d43978-022-00163-5 |journal=Nature Italy |access-date=18 December 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d43978-022-00163-5 |date=1 December 2022|s2cid=254331807 }}</ref>
*19 November &ndash; Researchers report determinants of [[alertness]] after [[Sleep#Awakening|waking up]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=What are the factors that affect how alert we feel in the morning? |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/feeling-tired-in-the-morning-4-factors-are-key-to-alertness-levels |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.medicalnewstoday.com |date=29 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vallat |first1=Raphael |last2=Berry |first2=Sarah E. |last3=Tsereteli |first3=Neli |last4=Capdevila |first4=Joan |last5=Khatib |first5=Haya Al |last6=Valdes |first6=Ana M. |last7=Delahanty |first7=Linda M. |last8=Drew |first8=David A. |last9=Chan |first9=Andrew T. |last10=Wolf |first10=Jonathan |last11=Franks |first11=Paul W. |last12=Spector |first12=Tim D. |last13=Walker |first13=Matthew P. |title=How people wake up is associated with previous night's sleep together with physical activity and food intake |journal=Nature Communications |date=19 November 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7116 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34503-2 |pmid=36402781 |pmc=9675783 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7116V |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*21 November
**Scientists in [[Papua New Guinea]] record the [[black-naped pheasant pigeon]] for the first time in 140 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A rare, endangered bird hadn't been seen for 140 years — but was just caught on video, scientists say |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/black-naped-pheasant-pigeon-papau-new-guinea-fergusson-island-mt-kilkerran-rewild/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=CBS News |date=21 November 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>
**A [[Global Burden of Disease Study|GBD study]] reports the first [[global health|global]] estimates of death rates from (33) [[Pathogenic bacteria|bacterial pathogens]], finding such infections are [[List of causes of death by rate|contributing to one in 8 deaths]] (or ~7.7 million deaths), which {{tooltip|could make it|when "Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death"}} the second largest cause of death globally in 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Hou |first1=Chia-Yi |title=Bacterial infections linked to 1 in 8 deaths in 2019 |url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/prevention-cures/3748033-bacterial-infections-linked-to-1-in-8-deaths-in-2019/ |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=The Hill |date=23 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ikuta |first1=Kevin S. |last2=Swetschinski |first2=Lucien R. |last3=Aguilar |first3=Gisela Robles |last4=Sharara |first4=Fablina |last5=Mestrovic |first5=Tomislav |last6=Gray |first6=Authia P. |last7=Weaver |first7=Nicole Davis |last8=Wool |first8=Eve E. |display-authors=et al. |title=Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 |journal=The Lancet |date=21 November 2022 |volume=400 |issue=10369 |pages=2221–2248 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02185-7 |pmid=36423648 |pmc=9763654 |language=English |issn=0140-6736 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
**A pulsed electric field-based [[Shark#Conservation|shark]] and [[Batoidea#Conservation|ray]] [[bycatch mitigation]] device is reported, SharkGuard.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New gadget could reduce shark bycatch by 90% |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/nov/21/new-gadget-could-reduce-shark-bycatch-by-90 |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=21 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Doherty |first1=Philip D. |last2=Enever |first2=Robert |last3=Omeyer |first3=Lucy C. M. |last4=Tivenan |first4=Lydia |last5=Course |first5=Grant |last6=Pasco |first6=Guy |last7=Thomas |first7=David |last8=Sullivan |first8=Ben |last9=Kibel |first9=Ben |last10=Kibel |first10=Pete |last11=Godley |first11=Brendan J. |title=Efficacy of a novel shark bycatch mitigation device in a tuna longline fishery |journal=Current Biology |date=21 November 2022 |volume=32 |issue=22 |pages=R1260–R1261 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.003 |pmid=36413965 |language=English |issn=0960-9822|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*22 November
**The [[International Bureau of Weights and Measures]] announces it will phase out the [[leap second]] by 2035.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=2022-11-21 |title=Time's up: the leap second is being scrapped in 2035 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/21/23470759/leap-second-scrapped-2035-time-computer-chaos |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref>
**[[Photochemistry]] is confirmed on an exoplanet for the first time, as the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] detects a range of signatures including [[sulfur dioxide]] in the atmosphere of [[WASP-39b]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=James Webb Space Telescope reveals an exoplanet atmosphere as never seen before |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-james-webb-space-telescope-reveals.html |work=Phys.org |date=22 November 2022|access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref>
**A [[cohort study]] indicates [[Healthy diet|dietary]] intakes of total [[flavonol]]s – and at least [[kaempferol]]- and [[quercetin]]-containing foods in specific – may substantially decrease decline in multiple [[Brain aging|cognitive abilities with older age]], showing a difference of "0.4 [[Cognitive test|units]]{{clarify|date=December 2022}} per decade" between 5&nbsp;mg and 15&nbsp;mg intakes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=LaMotte |first1=Sandee |title=Slow cognitive decline with flavonols, study says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/28/health/flavonols-memory-boost-wellness |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=CNN |date=28 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Holland |first1=Thomas Monroe |last2=Agarwal |first2=Puja |last3=Wang |first3=Yamin |last4=Dhana |first4=Klodian |last5=Leurgans |first5=Sue E. |last6=Shea |first6=Kyla |last7=Booth |first7=Sarah L. |last8=Rajan |first8=Kumar |last9=Schneider |first9=Julie A. |last10=Barnes |first10=Lisa L. |title=Association of Dietary Intake of Flavonols With Changes in Global Cognition and Several Cognitive Abilities |journal=Neurology |date=22 November 2022 |volume=100 |issue=7 |pages=e694–e702 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000201541 |pmid=36414424 |pmc=9969915 |s2cid=253800625 |language=en |issn=0028-3878|url=https://todayspractitioner.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FlavonolsDementia-Study.pdf}}</ref>
*23 November
**Acoustic Nanoscale Separation via Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance (ANSWER) is demonstrated as a way of separating [[nanoparticles]], especially small [[extracellular vesicle]]s, from biofluids in under 10 minutes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||date=2 December 2022 |title='Virtual pillars' separate and sort blood-based nanoparticles |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-virtual-pillars-blood-based-nanoparticles.html |access-date=4 December 2022 |website=Phys.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Jinxin |last2=Chen |first2=Chuyi |last3=Becker |first3=Ryan |last4=Rufo |first4=Joseph |last5=Yang |first5=Shujie |last6=Mai |first6=John |last7=Zhang |first7=Peiran |last8=Gu |first8=Yuyang |last9=Wang |first9=Zeyu |last10=Ma |first10=Zhehan |last11=Xia |first11=Jianping |last12=Hao |first12=Nanjing |last13=Tian |first13=Zhenhua |last14=Wong |first14=David T. W. |last15=Sadovsky |first15=Yoel |last16=Lee |first16=Luke P. |last17=Huang |first17=Tony Jun |title=A solution to the biophysical fractionation of extracellular vesicles: Acoustic Nanoscale Separation via Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance (ANSWER) |journal=Science Advances |date=25 November 2022 |volume=8 |issue=47 |pages=eade0640 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.ade0640 |pmid=36417505 |pmc=9683722 |bibcode=2022SciA....8E.640Z |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**A study reports [[phage]]s have a large variety of CRISPR-Cas systems. They possibly may{{clarify|date=December 2022|reason=The study does not appear to have info on this, but e.g. the Nature news article states this}} use them to edit hosts' genes and for competitive advantages, e.g. against rival phages.{{how|date=December 2022}} These systems could be useful for [[CRISPR gene editing|CRISPR-Cas gene editing]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Ledford |first1=Heidi |title=CRISPR tools found in thousands of viruses could boost gene editing |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03837-8 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=Nature |date=23 November 2022 |pages=21–21 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-03837-8}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=CRISPR is so popular even viruses may use it |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/crispr-so-popular-even-viruses-may-use-it |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=Science |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Al-Shayeb |first1=Basem |last2=Skopintsev |first2=Petr |last3=Soczek |first3=Katarzyna M. |last4=Stahl |first4=Elizabeth C. |last5=Li |first5=Zheng |last6=Groover |first6=Evan |last7=Smock |first7=Dylan |last8=Eggers |first8=Amy R. |last9=Pausch |first9=Patrick |last10=Cress |first10=Brady F. |last11=Huang |first11=Carolyn J. |last12=Staskawicz |first12=Brian |last13=Savage |first13=David F. |last14=Jacobsen |first14=Steven E. |last15=Banfield |first15=Jillian F. |last16=Doudna |first16=Jennifer A. |title=Diverse virus-encoded CRISPR-Cas systems include streamlined genome editors |journal=Cell |date=23 November 2022 |volume=185 |issue=24 |pages=4574–4586.e16 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.020 |pmid=36423580 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**A study reports estimated contemporary prevalence and associations with [[belief]] in [[witchcraft]] around the world, which (in their data) varied between 9% and 90% between [[nation]]s and is still a widespread element in [[Reality#World views and theories|worldviews]] globally. It also shows associations such as with low "innovative activity", lower [[life expectancy]] and high [[religiosity]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Witchcraft beliefs are widespread, highly variable around the world |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-witchcraft-beliefs-widespread-highly-variable.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Public Library of Science via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0276872">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gershman |first1=Boris |title=Witchcraft beliefs around the world: An exploratory analysis |journal=PLOS ONE |date=23 November 2022 |volume=17 |issue=11 |pages=e0276872 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0276872|pmid=36417350 |pmc=9683553 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1776872G |doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Geneticists report that the fastest-evolved regions of the [[human genome]], they call {{tooltip|HAQERs|"human ancestor quickly evolved regions"}}, "rapidly diverged in an episodic burst"{{clarify|date=December 2022}} of [[positive selection]] prior to the human-[[Neanderthal]] split and identify over 1,500 such [[Evolution of the brain#Genetic factors of recent evolution|HAQERs that substantially distinguish humans from related other apes]] via datasets such as of {{tooltip|HARs|"human accelerated regions"}} and experiments that use embryonic mouse brains.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Human evolution: Brain, gut and immune system were fine-tuned after split from common ancestor of chimpanzees |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-human-evolution-brain-gut-immune.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Duke University via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mangan |first1=Riley J. |last2=Alsina |first2=Fernando C. |last3=Mosti |first3=Federica |last4=Sotelo-Fonseca |first4=Jesús Emiliano |last5=Snellings |first5=Daniel A. |last6=Au |first6=Eric H. |last7=Carvalho |first7=Juliana |last8=Sathyan |first8=Laya |last9=Johnson |first9=Graham D. |last10=Reddy |first10=Timothy E. |last11=Silver |first11=Debra L. |last12=Lowe |first12=Craig B. |title=Adaptive sequence divergence forged new neurodevelopmental enhancers in humans |journal=Cell |date=23 November 2022 |volume=185 |issue=24 |pages=4587–4603.e23 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.016 |pmid=36423581 |pmc=10013929 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|doi-access=free|pmc-embargo-date=November 23, 2023 }}</ref>
*24 November
**Promising results of therapeutic [[Drug development|candidates]] are reported:<br/>a [[universal flu vaccine|universal flu mRNA vaccine]],<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Mandavilli |first1=Apoorva |title=One Step Closer to a Universal Flu Vaccine? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/29/health/universal-flu-vaccine.html |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=29 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Arevalo |first1=Claudia P. |last2=Bolton |first2=Marcus J. |last3=Le Sage |first3=Valerie |last4=Ye |first4=Naiqing |last5=Furey |first5=Colleen |last6=Muramatsu |first6=Hiromi |last7=Alameh |first7=Mohamad-Gabriel |last8=Pardi |first8=Norbert |last9=Drapeau |first9=Elizabeth M. |last10=Parkhouse |first10=Kaela |last11=Garretson |first11=Tyler |last12=Morris |first12=Jeffrey S. |last13=Moncla |first13=Louise H. |last14=Tam |first14=Ying K. |last15=Fan |first15=Steven H. Y. |last16=Lakdawala |first16=Seema S. |last17=Weissman |first17=Drew |last18=Hensley |first18=Scott E. |title=A multivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against all known influenza virus subtypes |journal=Science |date=25 November 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6622 |pages=899–904 |doi=10.1126/science.abm0271 |pmid=36423275 |bibcode=2022Sci...378..899A |s2cid=253839564 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> a [[Clinical trial#Phases|phase 3 trialed]] [[RSV vaccine]] (1 Nov),<ref>{{cite web |title=Pfizer vermeldet Erfolg bei RSV-Impfstoff |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/rapid-reaction/details/news/pfizer-vermeldet-erfolg-bei-rsv-impfstoff/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=13 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New RSV vaccine data raises hopes of availability next fall |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/new-rsv-vaccine-data-raises-hopes-of-availability-next-fall |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=PBS NewsHour |date=1 November 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref> phase 3 trialed antibiotic [[gepotidacin]] against [[UTI]]s (3 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Goodman |first1=Brenda |title=New antibiotic appears to be effective against urinary tract infections, drug company says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/03/health/new-uti-antibiotic-gepotidacin/index.html |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=CNN |date=4 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=December 2022|reason=Results data missing}} phase I trialed new [[antibiotic]] for [[gram-negative bacteria]] QPX9003 (20 Oct/9 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New antibiotic passes through the first phase of clinical trials with ease|url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/new-antibiotic-phase-i/ |access-date=10 November 2022 |date=9 November 2022 |work=Cosmos Magazine}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=December 2022|reason=Results data missing}} phase 2 trialed antibody CIS43LS against [[malaria]] (17 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monoclonal antibody prevents malaria infection in African adults |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-monoclonal-antibody-malaria-infection-african.html |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kayentao |first1=Kassoum |last2=Ongoiba |first2=Aissata |last3=Preston |first3=Anne C. |last4=Healy |first4=Sara A. |last5=Doumbo |first5=Safiatou |last6=Doumtabe |first6=Didier |last7=Traore |first7=Abdrahamane |last8=Traore |first8=Hamadi |last9=Djiguiba |first9=Adama |last10=Li |first10=Shanping |last11=Peterson |first11=Mary E. |last12=Telscher |first12=Shinyi |last13=Idris |first13=Azza H. |last14=Kisalu |first14=Neville K. |last15=Carlton |first15=Kevin |last16=Serebryannyy |first16=Leonid |last17=Narpala |first17=Sandeep |last18=McDermott |first18=Adrian B. |last19=Gaudinski |first19=Martin |last20=Traore |first20=Siriman |last21=Cisse |first21=Hamidou |last22=Keita |first22=Mamadou |last23=Skinner |first23=Jeff |last24=Hu |first24=Zonghui |last25=Zéguimé |first25=Amatigué |last26=Ouattara |first26=Adama |last27=Doucoure |first27=M'Bouye |last28=Dolo |first28=Amagana |last29=Djimdé |first29=Abdoulaye |last30=Traore |first30=Boubacar |last31=Seder |first31=Robert A. |last32=Crompton |first32=Peter D. |title=Safety and Efficacy of a Monoclonal Antibody against Malaria in Mali |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=17 November 2022 |volume=387 |issue=20 |pages=1833–1842 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2206966 |pmid=36317783 |pmc=9881676 |s2cid=253245530 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref> phase 2 trialed [[acoziborole]] against [[African trypanosomiasis|African sleeping sickness parasites]] (29 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Drug clears sleeping sickness parasite from the body in clinical trial |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2349078-drug-clears-sleeping-sickness-parasite-from-the-body-in-clinical-trial/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kumeso |first1=Victor Kande Betu |last2=Kalonji |first2=Wilfried Mutombo |last3=Rembry |first3=Sandra |last4=Mordt |first4=Olaf Valverde |last5=Tete |first5=Digas Ngolo |last6=Prêtre |first6=Adeline |last7=Delhomme |first7=Sophie |last8=Kyhi |first8=Médard Ilunga Wa |last9=Camara |first9=Mamadou |last10=Catusse |first10=Julie |last11=Schneitter |first11=Stefan |last12=Nusbaumer |first12=Morgane |last13=Miaka |first13=Erick Mwamba |last14=Mbembo |first14=Hélène Mahenzi |last15=Mayawula |first15=Joseph Makaya |last16=Camara |first16=Mariame Layba |last17=Massa |first17=Félix Akwaso |last18=Badibabi |first18=Lewis Kaninda |last19=Bonama |first19=Augustin Kasongo |last20=Lukula |first20=Papy Kavunga |last21=Kalonji |first21=Sylvain Mutanda |last22=Philemon |first22=Phyll Mariero |last23=Nganyonyi |first23=Ricardo Mokilifi |last24=Mankiara |first24=Hugues Embana |last25=Nguba |first25=André Asuka Akongo |last26=Muanza |first26=Vincent Kobo |last27=Nasandhel |first27=Ernest Mulenge |last28=Bambuwu |first28=Aimée Fifi Nzeza |last29=Scherrer |first29=Bruno |last30=Strub-Wourgaft |first30=Nathalie |last31=Tarral |first31=Antoine |title=Efficacy and safety of acoziborole in patients with human African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2/3 trial |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |date=29 November 2022 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=463–470 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00660-0 |pmid=36460027 |pmc=10033454 |language=English |issn=1473-3099|doi-access=free}}</ref> and phase 3 trialed [[lecanemab]] against [[Alzheimer's disease]] (29 Nov).<ref>{{cite web |title=Lecanemab bei Alzheimer im Frühstadium |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/lecanemab-bei-alzheimer-im-fruehstadium/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=13 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dyck |first1=Christopher H. van |last2=Swanson |first2=Chad J. |last3=Aisen |first3=Paul |last4=Bateman |first4=Randall J. |last5=Chen |first5=Christopher |last6=Gee |first6=Michelle |last7=Kanekiyo |first7=Michio |last8=Li |first8=David |last9=Reyderman |first9=Larisa |last10=Cohen |first10=Sharon |last11=Froelich |first11=Lutz |last12=Katayama |first12=Sadao |last13=Sabbagh |first13=Marwan |last14=Vellas |first14=Bruno |last15=Watson |first15=David |last16=Dhadda |first16=Shobha |last17=Irizarry |first17=Michael |last18=Kramer |first18=Lynn D. |last19=Iwatsubo |first19=Takeshi |title=Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer's Disease |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=29 November 2022 |volume=388 |issue=1 |pages=9–21 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2212948 |pmid=36449413 |s2cid=254094094 |url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2212948 |language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**A new [[CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing]] tool for large edits without problematic double-stranded breaks is demonstrated, {{tooltip|PASTE|Programmable Addition via Site-specific Targeting Elements}}.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McDonnell |first1=Sarah |title=New CRISPR-based tool inserts large DNA sequences at desired sites in cells |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-crispr-based-tool-inserts-large-dna.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Massachusetts Institute of Technology via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Yarnall |first1=Matthew T. N. |last2=Ioannidi |first2=Eleonora I. |last3=Schmitt-Ulms |first3=Cian |last4=Krajeski |first4=Rohan N. |last5=Lim |first5=Justin |last6=Villiger |first6=Lukas |last7=Zhou |first7=Wenyuan |last8=Jiang |first8=Kaiyi |last9=Garushyants |first9=Sofya K. |last10=Roberts |first10=Nathaniel |last11=Zhang |first11=Liyang |last12=Vakulskas |first12=Christopher A. |last13=Walker |first13=John A. |last14=Kadina |first14=Anastasia P. |last15=Zepeda |first15=Adrianna E. |last16=Holden |first16=Kevin |last17=Ma |first17=Hong |last18=Xie |first18=Jun |last19=Gao |first19=Guangping |last20=Foquet |first20=Lander |last21=Bial |first21=Greg |last22=Donnelly |first22=Sara K. |last23=Miyata |first23=Yoshinari |last24=Radiloff |first24=Daniel R. |last25=Henderson |first25=Jordana M. |last26=Ujita |first26=Andrew |last27=Abudayyeh |first27=Omar O. |last28=Gootenberg |first28=Jonathan S. |title=Drag-and-drop genome insertion of large sequences without double-strand DNA cleavage using CRISPR-directed integrases |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=24 November 2022 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=500–512 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01527-4 |pmid=36424489 |pmc=10257351 |biorxiv=10.1101/2021.11.01.466786 |s2cid=253879386 |language=en |issn=1546-1696}}</ref>
*29 November
**Canadian mineralogists discover two {{tooltip|new minerals|(these have previously been created in the laboratory, but weren't found occurring naturally)}}, [[Elkinstantonite]] and [[Elaliite]], on the 15-tonne [[El Ali meteorite]] that grounded in Somalia.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Researchers discover two new minerals on meteorite grounded in Somalia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/nov/29/researchers-discover-two-new-minerals-on-meteorite-grounded-in-somalia |work=The Guardian |date=29 November 2022|access-date=30 November 2022}}</ref>
**A study [[Electronic health record|maps]] common disease combinations or [[multimorbidity]] patterns,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Greaves |first1=Mark |title=Mapping the hidden connections between diseases |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-hidden-diseases.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=University College London via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kuan |first1=Valerie |last2=Denaxas |first2=Spiros |last3=Patalay |first3=Praveetha |display-authors=et al. |title=Identifying and visualising multimorbidity and comorbidity patterns in patients in the English National Health Service: a population-based study |journal=The Lancet Digital Health |date=29 November 2022 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=e16–e27 |doi=10.1016/S2589-7500(22)00187-X |pmid=36460578 |s2cid=254129048 |language=English |issn=2589-7500}}</ref> a "growing public health problem [[global health|worldwide]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hariri |first1=Parisa |last2=Clarke |first2=Robert |last3=Bragg |first3=Fiona |last4=Chen |first4=Yiping |last5=Guo |first5=Yu |last6=Yang |first6=Ling |last7=Lv |first7=Jun |last8=Yu |first8=Canqing |last9=Li |first9=Liming |last10=Chen |first10=Zhengming |last11=Bennett |first11=Derrick A |title=Frequency and types of clusters of major chronic diseases in 0.5 million adults in urban and rural China |journal=Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity |date=January 2022 |volume=12 |pages=263355652210983 |doi=10.1177/26335565221098327 |pmid=35615751 |pmc=9125108 |language=en |issn=2633-5565}}</ref>
*30 November
**An [[electrolysis]] system for viable [[hydrogen economy|hydrogen production from seawater]] without requiring a pre-[[desalination]] process, which could make it less flexible and more costly, is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Timmer |first1=John |title=New device can make hydrogen when dunked in salt water |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/11/waterproof-clothing-concept-used-to-make-hydrogen-from-seawater/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Ars Technica |date=30 November 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xie |first1=Heping |last2=Zhao |first2=Zhiyu |last3=Liu |first3=Tao |last4=Wu |first4=Yifan |last5=Lan |first5=Cheng |last6=Jiang |first6=Wenchuan |last7=Zhu |first7=Liangyu |last8=Wang |first8=Yunpeng |last9=Yang |first9=Dongsheng |last10=Shao |first10=Zongping |title=A membrane-based seawater electrolyser for hydrogen generation |journal=Nature |date=30 November 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7941 |pages=673–678 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05379-5 |pmid=36450987 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..673X |s2cid=254123372 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365890373|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**A<!-- [[neuroscience]]--> study deploying protein imaging<!--Category:Protein imaging--> of adult mice suggests [[Development of the nervous system in humans#Adult neural development|adult brains]] contain, at the tips of [[filopodia]], many (~30% of all dendritic protrusions) "[[silent synapse]]s" that are inactive [[Connectome|until recruited]] as part of [[neural plasticity]] and flexible [[learning]] or [[memory|memories]], previously thought to be present mainly in the developing pre-adult brain and to die off with time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Lloreda |first1=Claudia López |title=Adult mouse brains are teeming with 'silent synapses' |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/adult-mouse-brains-silent-synapses-memories |access-date=18 December 2022 |date=16 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vardalaki |first1=Dimitra |last2=Chung |first2=Kwanghun |last3=Harnett |first3=Mark T. |title=Filopodia are a structural substrate for silent synapses in adult neocortex |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7939 |pages=323–327 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05483-6 |pmid=36450984 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..323V |s2cid=254122483 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05483-6 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}
* University press release: {{cite news |last1=Trafton |first1=Anne |title=Silent synapses are abundant in the adult brain |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-11-silent-synapses-abundant-adult-brain.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Massachusetts Institute of Technology via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
**Scientists develop a quantum experiment allowing the observation of a kind of theoretical [[wormhole]] in a [[Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev model|SYK]] "baby" physical model which some, but not all, consider potentially useful for the development of [[quantum gravity]] theories.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Castelvecchi |first1=Davide |title=Did physicists create a wormhole in a quantum computer? |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04201-6 |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Nature |date=1 December 2022 |pages=201–202 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-04201-6}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Physicists Create a Holographic Wormhole Using a Quantum Computer |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-create-a-wormhole-using-a-quantum-computer-20221130/ |work=Quanta Magazine|date=30 November 2022|access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Jafferis |first1=Daniel |last2=Zlokapa |first2=Alexander |last3=Lykken |first3=Joseph D. |last4=Kolchmeyer |first4=David K. |last5=Davis |first5=Samantha I. |last6=Lauk |first6=Nikolai |last7=Neven |first7=Hartmut |last8=Spiropulu |first8=Maria |title=Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7938 |pages=51–55 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05424-3 |pmid=36450904 |bibcode=2022Natur.612...51J |s2cid=254099207 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365890516 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Physicists observe wormhole dynamics using a quantum computer |url=https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/physicists-observe-wormhole-dynamics-using-a-quantum-computer |work=Caltech |date=30 November 2022|access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>

===December===
[[File:Preamplifier_at_the_National_Ignition_Facility.jpg|thumb|13 December: Net energy gain in fusion power is reported at the National Ignition Facility.]]
*1 December
**Astronomers using the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] report viewing clouds, likely made of [[methane]], moving across [[Saturn]]'s moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]].<ref name="SPC-20221201">{{cite news |last=Bartels |first=Meghan |title=James Webb Space Telescope view of Saturn's weirdest moon Titan thrills scientists |url=https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-saturn-moon-titan |date=1 December 2022 |work=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=2 December 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20221205">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=Telescopes Team Up to Forecast an Alien Storm on Titan - Saturn's largest moon came under the gaze of NASA's powerful Webb space observatory, allowing it and another telescope to capture clouds drifting through Titan's methane-rich atmosphere. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/science/titan-webb-telescope-pictures.html |date=5 December 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=6 December 2022 }}</ref>
**Genomic epidemiologists report results from a global survey of [[antimicrobial resistance]] (AMR) via genomic [[wastewater-based epidemiology]], finding large regional variations, providing maps, and suggesting resistance genes are also [[Horizontal gene transfer|passed on]] between microbial species that are not closely related.<ref>{{cite news |title=Antibiotika-Resistenzen verbreiten sich offenbar anders als gedacht |url=https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten/bakterien-antibiotika-resistenzen-verbreiten-sich-offenbar-anders-als-gedacht |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=Deutschlandfunk Nova |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Munk |first1=Patrick |last2=Brinch |first2=Christian |last3=Møller |first3=Frederik Duus |last4=Petersen |first4=Thomas N. |last5=Hendriksen |first5=Rene S. |last6=Seyfarth |first6=Anne Mette |last7=Kjeldgaard |first7=Jette S. |last8=Svendsen |first8=Christina Aaby |last9=van Bunnik |first9=Bram |last10=Berglund |first10=Fanny |last11=Larsson |first11=D. G. Joakim |last12=Koopmans |first12=Marion |last13=Woolhouse |first13=Mark |last14=Aarestrup |first14=Frank M. |title=Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance |journal=Nature Communications |date=1 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7251 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34312-7 |pmid=36456547 |pmc=9715550 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7251M |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref> On 9 December, the [[WHO]]'s fifth {{tooltip|GLASS|Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System}} report summarizes 2020 data on inter-national AMR, including various new features and an interactive dashboard.<ref>{{cite news |title=Superbugs on the rise: WHO report signals increase in antibiotic resistance |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-superbugs-antibiotic-resistance.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=World Health Organization via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS) report: 2022 |url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240062702 |website=www.who.int |access-date=18 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
**Scientists report the measurement of the highest [[toughness]] ever recorded, of any material, while investigating a metallic [[alloy]] made of [[chromium]], [[cobalt]], and [[nickel]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Say Hello to the Toughest Material on Earth |url=https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2022/12/08/say-hello-to-the-toughest-material-on-earth/ |work=Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory|date=8 December 2022 |accessdate=16 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Liu |first1=Dong |last2=Yu |first2=Qin |last3=Kabra |first3=Saurabh |last4=Jiang |first4=Ming |last5=Forna-Kreutzer |first5=Paul |last6=Zhang |first6=Ruopeng |last7=Payne |first7=Madelyn |last8=Walsh |first8=Flynn |last9=Gludovatz |first9=Bernd |last10=Asta |first10=Mark |last11=Minor |first11=Andrew M. |last12=George |first12=Easo P. |last13=Ritchie |first13=Robert O. |title=Exceptional fracture toughness of CrCoNi-based medium- and high-entropy alloys at 20 kelvin |journal=Science |date=2 December 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6623 |pages=978–983 |doi=10.1126/science.abp8070 |pmid=36454850 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|arxiv=2204.01635|bibcode=2022Sci...378..978L |s2cid=247939585 }}</ref>
*4 December &ndash; Chemical engineers report a method to substantially increase conversion efficiency and reduce material costs of [[hydrogen production|green hydrogen production]] by using sound waves during [[electrolysis]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Theresa |first1=Deena |title=Engineers use sound waves to boost green hydrogen production by 14 times |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/sound-waves-boost-green-hydrogen-production |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=[[Interesting Engineering]] |date=14 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ehrnst |first1=Yemima |last2=Sherrell |first2=Peter C. |last3=Rezk |first3=Amgad R. |last4=Yeo |first4=Leslie Y. |title=Acoustically-Induced Water Frustration for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Neutral Electrolytes |journal=Advanced Energy Materials |date=4 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=2203164 |doi=10.1002/aenm.202203164 |s2cid=254299691 |language=en |issn=1614-6832}}</ref>
*5 December
**Construction begins on the [[Square Kilometer Array]], the largest telescope in history.<ref>{{cite news |title=SKA: Construction to begin on world's biggest telescope |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63836496 |date=5 December 2022 |work=BBC News |accessdate=5 December 2022 }}</ref>
**A [[scientific review|review]] summarizes current scientific data about [[cardiovascular health]] effects of a large number of [[dietary supplement]]s and [[micronutrient]]s, including with a heat map visualizing evidence quality and {{tooltip|health impact direction of each|the visualization does not show the extent of impacts and only assesses the micronutrients individually and not in combination and/or under consideration of certain ratios or ranges}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Not all micronutrients are created equal: Study identifies some supplements that benefit cardiovascular health |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-micronutrients-equal-supplements-benefit-cardiovascular.html |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=American College of Cardiology via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=An |first1=Peng |last2=Wan |first2=Sitong |last3=Luo |first3=Yongting |last4=Luo |first4=Junjie |last5=Zhang |first5=Xu |last6=Zhou |first6=Shuaishuai |last7=Xu |first7=Teng |last8=He |first8=Jingjing |last9=Mechanick |first9=Jeffrey I. |last10=Wu |first10=Wen-Chih |last11=Ren |first11=Fazheng |last12=Liu |first12=Simin |title=Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk |journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology |date=13 December 2022 |volume=80 |issue=24 |pages=2269–2285 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.048 |pmid=36480969 |s2cid=254343574 |language=en |issn=0735-1097}}</ref>
**[[Health economics|Health]]/[[Ecological economics|eco]]-economics:
***A study projects the costs of inaction on [[physical inactivity]] in terms of number of cases of [[preventive healthcare|preventable]] major [[non-communicable diseases|NCDs]] and [[healthcare system]] finances.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Santos |first1=Andreia Costa |last2=Willumsen |first2=Juana |last3=Meheus |first3=Filip |last4=Ilbawi |first4=Andre |last5=Bull |first5=Fiona C. |title=The cost of inaction on physical inactivity to public health-care systems: a population-attributable fraction analysis |journal=The Lancet Global Health |date=1 January 2023 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=e32–e39 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00464-8 |pmid=36480931 |pmc=9748301 |language=English |issn=2214-109X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
***Results of a trial investigating financial incentives for health, in particular for [[weight loss]], are reported (5 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ladapo |first1=Joseph A. |last2=Orstad |first2=Stephanie L. |last3=Wali |first3=Soma |last4=Wylie-Rosett |first4=Judith |last5=Tseng |first5=Chi-Hong |last6=Chung |first6=Un Young Rebecca |last7=Cuevas |first7=Miguel A. |last8=Hernandez |first8=Christina |last9=Parraga |first9=Susan |last10=Ponce |first10=Robert |last11=Sweat |first11=Victoria |last12=Wittleder |first12=Sandra |last13=Wallach |first13=Andrew B. |last14=Shu |first14=Suzanne B. |last15=Goldstein |first15=Noah J. |last16=Jay |first16=Melanie |title=Effectiveness of Goal-Directed and Outcome-Based Financial Incentives for Weight Loss in Primary Care Patients With Obesity Living in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: A Randomized Clinical Trial |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 January 2023 |volume=183 |issue=1 |pages=61–69 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.5618 |pmid=36469353 |pmc=9857219 |s2cid=254244529 |issn=2168-6106|pmc-embargo-date=December 5, 2023 }}</ref>
***Researchers provide first estimates of global costs of [[pollinator decline|inadequate pollination]] (14 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Smith |first1=Matthew R. |last2=Mueller |first2=Nathaniel D. |last3=Springmann |first3=Marco |last4=Sulser |first4=Timothy B. |last5=Garibaldi |first5=Lucas A. |last6=Gerber |first6=James |last7=Wiebe |first7=Keith |last8=Myers |first8=Samuel S. |title=Pollinator Deficits, Food Consumption, and Consequences for Human Health: A Modeling Study |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |year=2022 |volume=130 |issue=12 |pages=127003 |doi=10.1289/EHP10947|pmid=36515549 |pmc=9749483 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
***Results of a trial on effects of climate change impact menu [[food label|labels]] on [[fast food]] ordering choices (27 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wolfson |first1=Julia A. |last2=Musicus |first2=Aviva A. |last3=Leung |first3=Cindy W. |last4=Gearhardt |first4=Ashley N. |last5=Falbe |first5=Jennifer |title=Effect of Climate Change Impact Menu Labels on Fast Food Ordering Choices Among US Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=27 December 2022 |volume=5 |issue=12 |pages=e2248320 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.48320|pmid=36574248 |pmc=9857560 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Mapping estimated P-scores (excess deaths relative to expected deaths).webp|thumb|14 December: A [[WHO]] study comprehensively estimates [[excess deaths]] from the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] during 2020 and 2021, concluding ~14.8 million excess early deaths occurred<ref name="10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2"/>]]
*6 December
**Scientists provide a mechanistic biological explanation for why [[upper respiratory tract infection]]s are [[Respiratory tract infection#Epidemiology|more prevalent in the {{tooltip|cold or winter season|or "Seasonal variation in respiratory viral infections and the importance of ambient temperature in modulating immune responses"}}]], previously largely explained only by behavioral and environmental variations. They found [[Cold#Physiological effects|cold exposure]] impairs [[extracellular vesicle]] (EV) swarm–mediated antiviral [[Immunity (medical)|immunity]] in the [[nose]] – fewer EVs are secreted and they become less effective.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why it's easier to catch a cold, the flu or COVID in the winter |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/why-easier-catch-cold-flu-covid-winter |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=Science News |date=11 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Huang |first1=Di |last2=Taha |first2=Maie S. |last3=Nocera |first3=Angela L. |last4=Workman |first4=Alan D. |last5=Amiji |first5=Mansoor M. |last6=Bleier |first6=Benjamin S. |title=Cold exposure impairs extracellular vesicle swarm–mediated nasal antiviral immunity |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |date=6 December 2022 |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=509–525.e8 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.037 |pmid=36494212 |s2cid=254387141 |language=English |issn=0091-6749}}</ref>
**Impossible Metals announces its first [[Autonomous underwater vehicle|underwater robotic vehicle]], 'Eureka 1', has completed its first trial of selectively harvesting [[polymetallic nodule]] rocks from the seabed nearly without harming the environment (as with other [[seabed mining]]) to help address the [[climate change mitigation|rising global need]] for [[Technology-critical element|metals]] for [[renewable energy]] system components, mainly batteries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Impossible Metals demonstrates its super-careful seabed mining robot |url=https://newatlas.com/marine/seabed-mining-robot-impossible-metals/ |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=New Atlas |date=8 December 2022}}</ref>
**Researchers propose "significantly increasing freshwater through the [[Atmospheric water generator|capture of humid air]] over oceans" to address present and, especially, future [[water scarcity]]/[[water security|insecurity]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=McDonald |first1=Bob |title=Water, water, everywhere — and maybe here's how to make it drinkable |url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/water-water-everywhere-and-maybe-here-s-how-to-make-it-drinkable-1.6703854 |access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rahman |first1=Afeefa |last2=Kumar |first2=Praveen |last3=Dominguez |first3=Francina |title=Increasing freshwater supply to sustainably address global water security at scale |journal=Scientific Reports |date=6 December 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=20262 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-24314-2 |pmid=36473864 |pmc=9726751 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1220262R |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Researchers propose new structures to harvest untapped source of freshwater |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-12-harvest-untapped-source-freshwater.html |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign via techxplore.com|language=en}}</ref>
** [[Emulate]] researchers assess advantages of using [[Organ-on-a-chip|liver-chips]] predicting [[drug-induced liver injury]] which could reduce the high costs and time needed in [[drug development]] [[workflow]]s/[[Drug pipeline|pipelines]], sometimes described as the [[pharmaceutical industry]]'s "productivity crisis".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Nahle |first1=Zaher |title=A proof-of-concept study poised to remodel the drug development process |journal=Frontiers in Medical Technology |doi=10.3389/fmedt.2022.1053588 |date=2022|volume=4 |pmid=36590153 |pmc=9800902 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ewart |first1=Lorna |last2=Apostolou |first2=Athanasia |last3=Briggs |first3=Skyler A. |last4=Carman |first4=Christopher V. |last5=Chaff |first5=Jake T. |last6=Heng |first6=Anthony R. |last7=Jadalannagari |first7=Sushma |last8=Janardhanan |first8=Jeshina |last9=Jang |first9=Kyung-Jin |last10=Joshipura |first10=Sannidhi R. |last11=Kadam |first11=Mahika M. |last12=Kanellias |first12=Marianne |last13=Kujala |first13=Ville J. |last14=Kulkarni |first14=Gauri |last15=Le |first15=Christopher Y. |last16=Lucchesi |first16=Carolina |last17=Manatakis |first17=Dimitris V. |last18=Maniar |first18=Kairav K. |last19=Quinn |first19=Meaghan E. |last20=Ravan |first20=Joseph S. |last21=Rizos |first21=Ann Catherine |last22=Sauld |first22=John F. K. |last23=Sliz |first23=Josiah D. |last24=Tien-Street |first24=William |last25=Trinidad |first25=Dennis Ramos |last26=Velez |first26=James |last27=Wendell |first27=Max |last28=Irrechukwu |first28=Onyi |last29=Mahalingaiah |first29=Prathap Kumar |last30=Ingber |first30=Donald E. |last31=Scannell |first31=Jack W. |last32=Levner |first32=Daniel |title=Performance assessment and economic analysis of a human Liver-Chip for predictive toxicology |journal=Communications Medicine |date=6 December 2022 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=154 |doi=10.1038/s43856-022-00209-1 |pmid=36473994 |pmc=9727064 |language=en |issn=2730-664X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**An astronomer concludes that the first [[interstellar travel|interstellar]] probe to transit between [[extraterrestrial intelligence|two civilizations]] is not likely to be the civilization's earliest but a more advanced one as (at least) the departure speed is thought to (likely) improve for at least some duration per each [[civilization]], which may be relevant to the interpretation of [[Unidentified Aerial Phenomena|UAP]] via their "flight characteristics".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Kiona |title=The first alien probes to reach us may be way more advanced than we expect |url=https://www.inverse.com/science/advanced-alien-probe |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=Inverse |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Smith |first1=Graeme H. |title=On the first probe to transit between two interstellar civilizations |journal=International Journal of Astrobiology |date=n.d. |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=185–196 |doi=10.1017/S1473550422000428 |bibcode=2023IJAsB..22..185S |s2cid=254395958 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/abs/on-the-first-probe-to-transit-between-two-interstellar-civilizations/00AEDC0E153C45A576DE78EFA5E2F85A |language=en |issn=1473-5504|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*7 December
**Scientists report that two-million years old [[genetic material]] was found in [[Greenland]], and is currently considered the [[Ancient DNA|oldest DNA]] discovered so far.<ref name="NYT-20221207">{{cite news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |authorlink=Carl Zimmer |title=Oldest Known DNA Offers Glimpse of a Once-Lush Arctic - In Greenland's permafrost, scientists discovered two-million-year-old genetic material from scores of plant and animal species, including mastodons, geese, lemmings and ants. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/07/science/oldest-dna-greenland-species.html |date=7 December 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=7 December 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NAT-20221207">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Kjær, Kurt H. |display-authors=et al. |title=A 2-million-year-old ecosystem in Greenland uncovered by environmental DNA |date=7 December 2022 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=612 |issue=7939 |pages=283–291 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05453-y |pmid=36477129 |pmc=9729109 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..283K }}</ref>
**Scientists propose a new [[supergroup (biology)|supergroup]] of [[eukaryote]]s, termed [[Provora]] – [[predator]]s of other microorganisms which have been overlooked due to numerical rarity.<ref>{{cite news |title=New branch on tree of life includes 'lions of the microbial world' |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-tree-life-lions-microbial-world.html |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=University of British Columbia via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tikhonenkov |first1=Denis V. |last2=Mikhailov |first2=Kirill V. |last3=Gawryluk |first3=Ryan M. R. |last4=Belyaev |first4=Artem O. |last5=Mathur |first5=Varsha |last6=Karpov |first6=Sergey A. |last7=Zagumyonnyi |first7=Dmitry G. |last8=Borodina |first8=Anastasia S. |last9=Prokina |first9=Kristina I. |last10=Mylnikov |first10=Alexander P. |last11=Aleoshin |first11=Vladimir V. |last12=Keeling |first12=Patrick J. |title=Microbial predators form a new supergroup of eukaryotes |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7941 |pages=714–719 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05511-5 |pmid=36477531 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..714T |s2cid=254436650 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05511-5 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*8 December
**Astronomers report in a [[preprint]] the possible detection of the earliest first stars, technically referred to as [[Population III]] stars.<ref name="QUANT-20230130">{{cite news |last=Callaghan |first=Jonathan |title=Astronomers Say They Have Spotted the Universe's First Stars - Theory has it that "Population III" stars brought light to the cosmos. The James Webb Space Telescope may have just glimpsed them. |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/astronomers-say-they-have-spotted-the-universes-first-stars-20230130/ |date=30 January 2023 |work=[[Quanta Magazine]] |accessdate=31 January 2023 }}</ref><ref name="ARX-20221208">{{cite arXiv |author=Wang, Xin |display-authors=et al. |title=A strong He II λ1640 emitter with extremely blue UV spectral slope at z=8.16: presence of Pop III stars? |date=8 December 2022 |class=astro-ph.GA |eprint=2212.04476 }}</ref>
**In a [[paywall]]ed article, American scientists propose [[policy]]-based measures to reduce large [[biosafety|risks from life sciences research]] – such as [[Pandemic prevention#Biosafety technologies and biotechnology regulation|pandemics through accident or misapplication]]. [[Risk management]] measures may include novel [[global governance|international guidelines]], effective oversight, improvement of US policies to influence policies globally, and identification of gaps in [[biosecurity]] policies along with potential approaches to address them.<ref>{{cite web |title=Forschung an Krankheitserregern soll sicherer werden |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/forschung-an-krankheitserregern-soll-sicherer-werden/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=17 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pannu |first1=Jaspreet |last2=Palmer |first2=Megan J. |last3=Cicero |first3=Anita |last4=Relman |first4=David A. |last5=Lipsitch |first5=Marc |last6=Inglesby |first6=Tom |title=Strengthen oversight of risky research on pathogens |journal=Science |date=16 December 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6625 |pages=1170–1172 |doi=10.1126/science.adf6020 |pmid=36480598 |bibcode=2022Sci...378.1170P |s2cid=254998228 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf6020 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Stanford Researchers Recommend Stronger Oversight of Risky Research on Pathogens|url=https://fsi.stanford.edu/news/stanford-researchers-recommend-stronger-oversight-risky-research-pathogens |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=Stanford University |language=en}}</ref>
*9 December
**Researchers report the development of a [[blood test]], {{tooltip|SOBA|soluble oligomer binding assay}}, for [[Alzheimer's disease#Diagnosis|Alzheimer's screening]] via levels of toxic [[amyloid beta]] [[oligomer]]s with [[sensitivity and specificity]] of apparently 99%.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grimes |first1=Brittney |title=A novel blood test can detect Alzheimer's disease early |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/a-novel-blood-test-can-detect-alzheimers-disease-early |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=[[Interesting Engineering]] |date=8 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Shea |first1=Dylan |last2=Colasurdo |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Smith |first3=Alec |last4=Paschall |first4=Courtnie |last5=Jayadev |first5=Suman |last6=Keene |first6=C. Dirk |last7=Galasko |first7=Douglas |last8=Ko |first8=Andrew |last9=Li |first9=Ge |last10=Peskind |first10=Elaine |last11=Daggett |first11=Valerie |title=SOBA: Development and testing of a soluble oligomer binding assay for detection of amyloidogenic toxic oligomers |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=13 December 2022 |volume=119 |issue=50 |pages=e2213157119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2213157119 |pmid=36490316 |pmc=9897489 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11913157S |s2cid=254518036 |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref> On 27 December, a separate study reports another well-performing blood test to detect Alzheimer's disease via [[biomarker]] brain-derived [[Tau protein|tau]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Scientists develop blood test for Alzheimer's disease |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/dec/28/scientists-develop-blood-test-for-alzheimers-disease |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=28 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gonzalez-Ortiz |first1=Fernando |last2=Turton |first2=Michael |last3=Kac |first3=Przemysław R |last4=Smirnov |first4=Denis |last5=Premi |first5=Enrico |last6=Ghidoni |first6=Roberta |last7=Benussi |first7=Luisa |last8=Cantoni |first8=Valentina |last9=Saraceno |first9=Claudia |last10=Rivolta |first10=Jasmine |last11=Ashton |first11=Nicholas J |last12=Borroni |first12=Barbara |last13=Galasko |first13=Douglas |last14=Harrison |first14=Peter |last15=Zetterberg |first15=Henrik |last16=Blennow |first16=Kaj |last17=Karikari |first17=Thomas K |title=Brain-derived tau: a novel blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease-type neurodegeneration |journal=Brain |date=27 December 2022 |volume=146 |issue=3 |pages=1152–1165 |doi=10.1093/brain/awac407|pmid=36572122 |pmc=9976981 }}</ref>
**[[Life extension|Anti-aging]] research:
***A study indicates that [[aging]] shifts activity toward short genes or shorter transcript length and that this can be countered by interventions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kwon |first1=Diana |title=Aging Is Linked to More Activity in Short Genes Than in Long Genes |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/aging-is-linked-to-more-activity-in-short-genes-than-in-long-genes/ |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Stoeger |first1=Thomas |last2=Grant |first2=Rogan A. |last3=McQuattie-Pimentel |first3=Alexandra C. |last4=Anekalla |first4=Kishore R. |last5=Liu |first5=Sophia S. |last6=Tejedor-Navarro |first6=Heliodoro |last7=Singer |first7=Benjamin D. |last8=Abdala-Valencia |first8=Hiam |last9=Schwake |first9=Michael |last10=Tetreault |first10=Marie-Pier |last11=Perlman |first11=Harris |last12=Balch |first12=William E. |last13=Chandel |first13=Navdeep S. |last14=Ridge |first14=Karen M. |last15=Sznajder |first15=Jacob I. |last16=Morimoto |first16=Richard I. |last17=Misharin |first17=Alexander V. |last18=Budinger |first18=G. R. Scott |last19=Nunes Amaral |first19=Luis A. |title=Aging is associated with a systemic length-associated transcriptome imbalance |journal=Nature Aging |date=December 2022 |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=1191–1206 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00317-6 |pmid=37118543 |pmc=10154227 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|doi-access=free}}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Aging is driven by unbalanced genes, finds AI analysis of multiple species |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-aging-driven-unbalanced-genes-ai.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=[[Northwestern University]] via phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
***A [[paywall]]ed study reports higher percentage of [[Human diet|daily energy consumption]] of [[ultra-processed foods]], such as white bread or instant noodles, was associated [[Convenience food#Environmental and health concerns|with faster cognitive decline]] in aging. Differences can be as large or larger than a 28% faster rate of global [[cognitive decline]] (5 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |last1=LaMotte |first1=Sandee |title=Dementia risk may increase if you're eating these foods, study says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/05/health/dementia-ultraprocessed-food-wellness/index.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=CNN |date=5 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gomes Gonçalves |first1=Natalia |last2=Vidal Ferreira |first2=Naomi |last3=Khandpur |first3=Neha |last4=Martinez Steele |first4=Euridice |last5=Bertazzi Levy |first5=Renata |last6=Andrade Lotufo |first6=Paulo |last7=Bensenor |first7=Isabela M. |last8=Caramelli |first8=Paulo |last9=Alvim de Matos |first9=Sheila Maria |last10=Marchioni |first10=Dirce M. |last11=Suemoto |first11=Claudia Kimie |title=Association Between Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods and Cognitive Decline |journal=JAMA Neurology |date=5 December 2022 |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=142–150 |doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4397 |pmid=36469335 |pmc=9857155 |s2cid=254245281 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/2799140 |url-access=subscription |issn=2168-6149|pmc-embargo-date=December 5, 2023 }}</ref>
***Scientists report that [[sphingolipid]]s accumulate in muscle [[Muscle atrophy#Sarcopenia|during aging]] whose genetic inhibition or [[ceramide]]-blockers such as [[myriocin]] could counteract, reducing associated [[muscle loss]]<!--and generally improving muscle health--> (16 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |title=Ceramides found to be key in aging muscle health |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-ceramides-key-aging-muscle-health.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Laurila |first1=Pirkka-Pekka |last2=Wohlwend |first2=Martin |last3=Imamura de Lima |first3=Tanes |last4=Luan |first4=Peiling |last5=Herzig |first5=Sébastien |last6=Zanou |first6=Nadège |last7=Crisol |first7=Barbara |last8=Bou-Sleiman |first8=Maroun |last9=Porcu |first9=Eleonora |last10=Gallart-Ayala |first10=Hector |last11=Handzlik |first11=Michal K. |last12=Wang |first12=Qi |last13=Jain |first13=Suresh |last14=D'Amico |first14=Davide |last15=Salonen |first15=Minna |last16=Metallo |first16=Christian M. |last17=Kutalik |first17=Zoltan |last18=Eichmann |first18=Thomas O. |last19=Place |first19=Nicolas |last20=Ivanisevic |first20=Julijana |last21=Lahti |first21=Jari |last22=Eriksson |first22=Johan G. |last23=Auwerx |first23=Johan |title=Sphingolipids accumulate in aged muscle, and their reduction counteracts sarcopenia |journal=Nature Aging |date=December 2022 |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=1159–1175 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00309-6 |pmid=37118545 |s2cid=254819305 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-022-00309-6 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
***By stimulating (or charging) genetically engineered [[C. elegans|roundworm]] mitochondria [[optogenetics|with light]], researchers show that halting the decline in [[mitochondria]]l [[membrane potential]] can slow aging<!-- (or that such a decline contributes to aging)--> (30 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Firtina |first1=Nergis |title=Roundworms' anti-aging could help researchers to stop human aging |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/roundworms-could-help-stop-aging |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=2 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Berry |first1=Brandon J. |last2=Vodičková |first2=Anežka |last3=Müller-Eigner |first3=Annika |last4=Meng |first4=Chen |last5=Ludwig |first5=Christina |last6=Kaeberlein |first6=Matt |last7=Peleg |first7=Shahaf |last8=Wojtovich |first8=Andrew P. |title=Optogenetic rejuvenation of mitochondrial membrane potential extends C. elegans lifespan |journal=Nature Aging |date=30 December 2022 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=157–161 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00340-7 |pmid=36873708 |pmc=9980297 |biorxiv=10.1101/2022.05.11.491574 |s2cid=248815258 |language=en |issn=2662-8465}}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Solar-powered cells: Light-activated proton pumps generate cellular energy, extend life |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-solar-powered-cells-light-activated-proton-generate.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=[[University of Rochester Medical Center]] via phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
**Researchers report the development of 3D-printed [[flexible electronics|flexible]] [[Thin-film solar cell|paper-thin organic photovoltaics]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wells |first1=Sarah |title=Hair-thin solar cells could turn any surface into a power source |url=https://www.inverse.com/innovation/ultra-thin-solar-cells |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=Inverse |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Saravanapavanantham |first1=Mayuran |last2=Mwaura |first2=Jeremiah |last3=Bulović |first3=Vladimir |title=Printed Organic Photovoltaic Modules on Transferable Ultra-thin Substrates as Additive Power Sources |journal=Small Methods |date=January 2023 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=2200940 |doi=10.1002/smtd.202200940 |pmid=36482828 |s2cid=254524625 |language=en |issn=2366-9608}}</ref>
*12 December &ndash; Scientists describe a new method to break up so-called "[[forever chemicals]]" by infusing contaminated water with hydrogen, then blasting it with high-energy, short-wavelength ultraviolet light.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pollution cleanup method destroys toxic "forever chemicals" |url=https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2022/12/12/pollution-cleanup-method-destroys-toxic-forever-chemicals |work=[[University of California]]|date=12 December 2022 |accessdate=19 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chen |first1=Gongde |last2=Liu |first2=Sitao |last3=Shi |first3=Qingyang |last4=Gan |first4=Jay |last5=Jin |first5=Bosen |last6=Men |first6=Yujie |last7=Liu |first7=Haizhou |title=Hydrogen-polarized vacuum ultraviolet photolysis system for enhanced destruction of perfluoroalkyl substances |journal=Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters |date=1 November 2022 |volume=3 |pages=100072 |doi=10.1016/j.hazl.2022.100072 |s2cid=253432498 |language=en |issn=2666-9110}}</ref>
*13 December
**The Newborn Genomes Programme is announced by the UK government. It will conduct [[whole genome sequencing]] of 100,000 newborns, the largest study of its kind in the world, to aid research into the diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic conditions.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-63906892|title=100,000 babies to have genetic code mapped|work=BBC News |date=13 December 2022|accessdate=13 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/over-175-million-for-cutting-edge-genomics-research|title=Over £175 million for cutting-edge genomics research|date=13 December 2022|accessdate=13 December 2022|via=Gov.uk}}</ref>
**In a major milestone for the field, scientists at the [[National Ignition Facility]] report a net energy gain in the development of [[fusion power]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Breakthrough in nuclear fusion energy announced |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63950962 |date=13 December 2022 |work=BBC News |accessdate=13 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= National Ignition Facility achieves fusion ignition  |url=https://www.llnl.gov/news/national-ignition-facility-achieves-fusion-ignition |date=13 December 2022 |work=Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |accessdate=13 December 2022 }}</ref>
**[[COVID-19 pandemic]]: A study finds that the [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant#BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 2|BQ]] and [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant#XBB and XBB.1|XBB]] subvariants of [[SARS-CoV-2]] are "barely susceptible to neutralization" by [[COVID-19 vaccine|vaccines]], including the new [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron]] boosters. Key antibody drugs, [[Tixagevimab/cilgavimab|Evusheld]] and [[bebtelovimab]], are "completely inactive" against the new subvariants. This could result in a surge of [[breakthrough infection]]s and reinfections, according to the study team, although the vaccines hold up against severe disease.<ref>they {{cite news |title=Omicron BQ, XBB subvariants are a serious threat to boosters and knock out antibody treatments, study finds |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/14/covid-news-bq-xbb-omicron-subvariants-pose-serious-threat-to-boosters.html |work=CNBC |date=14 December 2022 |accessdate=15 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Alarming antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants |url=https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)01531-8 |work=[[Cell (journal)|Cell]] |date=13 December 2022 |accessdate=15 December 2022 }}</ref>
**A study systematically assesses [[Advice (opinion)|advice]] given by professional [[general practitioner]]s, typically in the form of verbal-only [[Doctor's visit|consultation]], for [[weight-loss]] to [[obesity|obese]] patients. They found it rarely included effective methods, was mostly generic, and was rarely tailored to patients' existing knowledge and behaviours.<ref>{{cite news |title=People may not always get helpful weight loss advice from their doctors, study finds |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/people-helpful-weight-loss-advice-doctors-study-finds/story?id=95158403 |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=ABC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tremblett |first1=Madeleine |last2=Poon |first2=Annabel Y X |last3=Aveyard |first3=Paul |last4=Albury |first4=Charlotte |title=What advice do general practitioners give to people living with obesity to lose weight? A qualitative content analysis of recorded interactions |journal=Family Practice |date=13 December 2022 |pages=cmac137 |doi=10.1093/fampra/cmac137|pmid=36510443 }}</ref>
*14 December
**A [[WHO]] study comprehensively estimates [[excess deaths]] from the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] during 2020 and 2021, concluding ~14.8 million excess early deaths occurred, reaffirming their prior calculations from May as well as updating them, addressing criticisms. These numbers do not include measures like [[years of potential life lost]], far exceed the 5.42 million officially reported deaths, may make COVID-19 2021's [[List of causes of death by rate|leading cause of death]], and are similar to the ~18 million estimated by another study {{see above|[[#March|10 Mar]]}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nearly 15 million excess deaths occurred globally in 2020 and 2021 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2351763-nearly-15-million-excess-deaths-occurred-globally-in-2020-and-2021/ |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Globale Übersterblichkeit durch COVID-19 |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/globale-uebersterblichkeit-durch-covid-19/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=17 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Msemburi |first1=William |last2=Karlinsky |first2=Ariel |last3=Knutson |first3=Victoria |last4=Aleshin-Guendel |first4=Serge |last5=Chatterji |first5=Somnath |last6=Wakefield |first6=Jon |title=The WHO estimates of excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic |journal=Nature |date=January 2023 |volume=613 |issue=7942 |pages=130–137 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2 |pmid=36517599 |pmc=9812776 |bibcode=2023Natur.613..130M |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**[[Microbiome]] research:
***Researchers report the discovery of a gut–brain connection in mice that regulates [[motivation]] for exercise and can enhance performance by augmenting [[dopamine]] signalling [[Neurobiological effects of physical exercise|during physical activity]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Your gut bacteria may influence how motivated you are to exercise |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2351527-your-gut-bacteria-may-influence-how-motivated-you-are-to-exercise/ |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dohnalová |first1=Lenka |last2=Lundgren |first2=Patrick |last3=Carty |first3=Jamie R. E. |last4=Goldstein |first4=Nitsan |last5=Wenski |first5=Sebastian L. |last6=Nanudorn |first6=Pakjira |last7=Thiengmag |first7=Sirinthra |last8=Huang |first8=Kuei-Pin |last9=Litichevskiy |first9=Lev |last10=Descamps |first10=Hélène C. |last11=Chellappa |first11=Karthikeyani |last12=Glassman |first12=Ana |last13=Kessler |first13=Susanne |last14=Kim |first14=Jihee |last15=Cox |first15=Timothy O. |last16=Dmitrieva-Posocco |first16=Oxana |last17=Wong |first17=Andrea C. |last18=Allman |first18=Erik L. |last19=Ghosh |first19=Soumita |last20=Sharma |first20=Nitika |last21=Sengupta |first21=Kasturi |last22=Cornes |first22=Belinda |last23=Dean |first23=Nitai |last24=Churchill |first24=Gary A. |last25=Khurana |first25=Tejvir S. |last26=Sellmyer |first26=Mark A. |last27=FitzGerald |first27=Garret A. |last28=Patterson |first28=Andrew D. |last29=Baur |first29=Joseph A. |last30=Alhadeff |first30=Amber L. |last31=Helfrich |first31=Eric J. N. |last32=Levy |first32=Maayan |last33=Betley |first33=J. Nicholas |last34=Thaiss |first34=Christoph A. |title=A microbiome-dependent gut–brain pathway regulates motivation for exercise |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7941 |pages=739–747 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05525-z |pmid=36517598 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..739D |s2cid=254729201 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366275426 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
***A [[microbiome-wide association study]] associates thirteen microbial taxa with [[Mood disorder|depressive]] symptoms (6 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |title=Two studies deliver strong evidence linking depression and gut bacteria |url=https://newatlas.com/health-wellbeing/new-evidence-microbiome-depression-gut-bacteria/ |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=New Atlas |date=8 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Radjabzadeh |first1=Djawad |last2=Bosch |first2=Jos A. |last3=Uitterlinden |first3=André G. |last4=Zwinderman |first4=Aeilko H. |last5=Ikram |first5=M. Arfan |last6=van Meurs |first6=Joyce B. J. |last7=Luik |first7=Annemarie I. |last8=Nieuwdorp |first8=Max |last9=Lok |first9=Anja |last10=van Duijn |first10=Cornelia M. |last11=Kraaij |first11=Robert |last12=Amin |first12=Najaf |title=Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms |journal=Nature Communications |date=6 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7128 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34502-3 |pmid=36473852 |pmc=9726982 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7128R |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
***Scientists report that and how – including [[Horizontal gene transfer|transfer]] of [[mobile genetic elements]] and infant diet<!--([[breastmilk]])--> – the maternal microbiome shapes offspring gut microbiomes as [[fetal development|fetus]] and infant (22 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |title=Horizontal gene transfer from mother to infant influences gut microbiome assembly, neurodevelopment, and immune maturation in infants |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20221229/Horizontal-gene-transfer-from-mother-to-infant-influences-gut-microbiome-assembly-neurodevelopment-and-immune-maturation-in-infants.aspx |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=News-Medical.net |date=29 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vatanen |first1=Tommi |last2=Jabbar |first2=Karolina S. |last3=Ruohtula |first3=Terhi |last4=Honkanen |first4=Jarno |last5=Avila-Pacheco |first5=Julian |last6=Siljander |first6=Heli |last7=Stražar |first7=Martin |last8=Oikarinen |first8=Sami |last9=Hyöty |first9=Heikki |last10=Ilonen |first10=Jorma |last11=Mitchell |first11=Caroline M. |last12=Yassour |first12=Moran |last13=Virtanen |first13=Suvi M. |last14=Clish |first14=Clary B. |last15=Plichta |first15=Damian R. |last16=Vlamakis |first16=Hera |last17=Knip |first17=Mikael |last18=Xavier |first18=Ramnik J. |title=Mobile genetic elements from the maternal microbiome shape infant gut microbial assembly and metabolism |journal=Cell |date=22 December 2022 |volume=185 |issue=26 |pages=4921–4936.e15 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.023 |pmid=36563663 |pmc=9869402 |s2cid=254961038 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|pmc-embargo-date=December 22, 2023 }}</ref>
**A first global [[scientific review|review]] summarizes scarce data on a likely largely declining "[[experience]] of nature" and [[Nature connectedness|nature-disconnection]] which prior studies suggest have impacts on health and proenvironmental behavior.<ref>{{cite news |title=Humans and nature: The distance between the two is growing |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-humans-nature-distance.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cazalis |first1=Victor |last2=Loreau |first2=Michel |last3=Barragan-Jason |first3=Gladys |title=A global synthesis of trends in human experience of nature |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |date=14 December 2022 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=85–93 |doi=10.1002/fee.2540 |s2cid=254711457 |language=en |issn=1540-9295}}</ref>
**A university reports on the first study (25 Oct) of the new [[online privacy|privacy]]-intrusion [[Web tracking]] technique of "[[User identifier|UID]] smuggling" by the [[advertising industry|ad industry]], which finds it to be prevalent and largely not mitigated by latest protection tools – such as [[Firefox]]'s tracking protection and [[uBlock Origin]] – and contributes to countermeasures.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Randall |first1=Audrey |last2=Snyder |first2=Peter |last3=Ukani |first3=Alisha |last4=Snoeren |first4=Alex C. |last5=Voelker |first5=Geoffrey M. |last6=Savage |first6=Stefan |last7=Schulman |first7=Aaron |title=Measuring UID smuggling in the wild |journal=Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference |date=25 October 2022 |pages=230–243 |doi=10.1145/3517745.3561415 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|isbn=9781450392594 |s2cid=250494286 }}</ref>
*15 December
**Astronomers find that a pair of exoplanets orbiting the red dwarf star [[Kepler-138]] are likely to be [[Ocean world|water worlds]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Montreal astronomers find that two exoplanets may be mostly water |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/974220? |work=EurekAlert!|date=15 December 2022 |accessdate=16 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Piaulet |first1=Caroline |last2=Benneke |first2=Björn |last3=Almenara |first3=Jose M. |last4=Dragomir |first4=Diana |last5=Knutson |first5=Heather A. |last6=Thorngren |first6=Daniel |last7=Peterson |first7=Merrin S. |last8=Crossfield |first8=Ian J. M. |last9=M. -R. Kempton |first9=Eliza |last10=Kubyshkina |first10=Daria |last11=Howard |first11=Andrew W. |last12=Angus |first12=Ruth |last13=Isaacson |first13=Howard |last14=Weiss |first14=Lauren M. |last15=Beichman |first15=Charles A. |last16=Fortney |first16=Jonathan J. |last17=Fossati |first17=Luca |last18=Lammer |first18=Helmut |last19=McCullough |first19=P. R. |last20=Morley |first20=Caroline V. |last21=Wong |first21=Ian |title=Evidence for the volatile-rich composition of a 1.5-Earth-radius planet |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=15 December 2022 |volume=7 |page=206 |doi=10.1038/s41550-022-01835-4 |language=en |issn=2397-3366|arxiv=2212.08477|bibcode=2023NatAs...7..206P |s2cid=254764810 }}</ref>
**News reports about the development (22 Oct) in China of an edible, plant-based ink derived from food waste, which could be used in [[bioprinting|3D printing]] of scaffolds to reduce the cost of [[cultured meat]].<ref>{{cite news |title=New 3D-printing ink could make cultured meat more cost-effective |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/974548 |work=EurekAlert!|date=15 December 2022 |accessdate=16 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Su |first1=Lingshan |last2=Jing |first2=Linzhi |last3=Zeng |first3=Xianjian |last4=Chen |first4=Tong |last5=Liu |first5=Hang |last6=Kong |first6=Yan |last7=Wang |first7=Xiang |last8=Yang |first8=Xin |last9=Fu |first9=Caili |last10=Sun |first10=Jie |last11=Huang |first11=Dejian |title=3D-Printed Prolamin Scaffolds for Cell-Based Meat Culture |journal=Advanced Materials |date=January 2023 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=2207397 |doi=10.1002/adma.202207397|pmid=36271729 |s2cid=253063461 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364640622|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**Promising results of therapeutic [[drug development|candidates]] are reported:<br/> [[Phases of clinical research|phase 2-trialed]] talquetamab against [[multiple myeloma]] (10&15 Dec),<ref>{{cite news |title=Experimental cancer therapy shows success in more than 70% of patients in global clinical trials |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-experimental-cancer-therapy-success-patients.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=The Mount Sinai Hospital via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chari |first1=Ajai |last2=Minnema |first2=Monique C. |last3=Berdeja |first3=Jesus G. |last4=Oriol |first4=Albert |last5=van de Donk |first5=Niels W.C.J. |last6=Rodríguez-Otero |first6=Paula |last7=Askari |first7=Elham |last8=Mateos |first8=María-Victoria |last9=Costa |first9=Luciano J. |last10=Caers |first10=Jo |last11=Verona |first11=Raluca |last12=Girgis |first12=Suzette |last13=Yang |first13=Shiyi |last14=Goldsmith |first14=Rachel B. |last15=Yao |first15=Xiang |last16=Pillarisetti |first16=Kodandaram |last17=Hilder |first17=Brandi W. |last18=Russell |first18=Jeffery |last19=Goldberg |first19=Jenna D. |last20=Krishnan |first20=Amrita |title=Talquetamab, a T-Cell–Redirecting GPRC5D Bispecific Antibody for Multiple Myeloma |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=15 December 2022 |volume=387 |issue=24 |pages=2232–2244 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2204591 |pmid=36507686 |s2cid=254560960 |language=en |issn=0028-4793}}</ref> a phase 1-trialed [[HIV vaccine]] (2 Dec),<ref>{{cite news |title=Vaccine prompts HIV antibodies in 97 per cent of people in small study |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2349475-vaccine-prompts-hiv-antibodies-in-97-per-cent-of-people-in-small-study/ |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Leggat |first1=David J. |last2=Cohen |first2=Kristen W. |last3=Willis |first3=Jordan R. |display-authors=et al. |title=Vaccination induces HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans |journal=Science |date=2 December 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6623 |pages=eadd6502 |doi=10.1126/science.add6502 |pmid=36454825 |s2cid=254150150 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add6502 |url-access=subscription|language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> mice-tested Pillar[6]MaxQ against [[methamphetamine|meth]] and [[fentanyl]] [[drug overdose]]s (15 Dec),<ref>{{cite news |title=Scientists create chemical compound that can reverse effects of methamphetamine and fentanyl |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-scientists-chemical-compound-reverse-effects.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=[[University of Maryland]] via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Brockett |first1=Adam T. |last2=Xue |first2=Weijian |last3=King |first3=David |last4=Deng |first4=Chun-Lin |last5=Zhai |first5=Canjia |last6=Shuster |first6=Michael |last7=Rastogi |first7=Shivangi |last8=Briken |first8=Volker |last9=Roesch |first9=Matthew R. |last10=Isaacs |first10=Lyle |title=Pillar[6]MaxQ: A potent supramolecular host for in vivo sequestration of methamphetamine and fentanyl |journal=Chem |date=15 December 2022 |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=881–900 |doi=10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.019 |s2cid=254771195 |url=https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/62c6e4cffb638167e6cfeb36 |language=English |issn=2451-9294}}</ref> first approval of a trialed [[animal vaccine|honeybee vaccine]] against [[American foulbrood]] (29 Dec),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sottile |first1=Zoe |title=The first-ever vaccine for honeybees has been approved by the USDA |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/07/us/honeybee-vaccine-usda-approval-scn-trnd/index.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=CNN |date=7 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dickel |first1=Franziska |last2=Bos |first2=Nick Maria Peter |last3=Hughes |first3=Huw |last4=Martín-Hernández |first4=Raquel |last5=Higes |first5=Mariano |last6=Kleiser |first6=Annette |last7=Freitak |first7=Dalial |title=The oral vaccination with Paenibacillus larvae bacterin can decrease susceptibility to American Foulbrood infection in honey bees—A safety and efficacy study |journal=Frontiers in Veterinary Science |date=2022 |volume=9 |page=946237 |doi=10.3389/fvets.2022.946237 |pmid=36325099 |pmc=9618583 |issn=2297-1769|doi-access=free}}</ref> a mice-tested triple [[combination therapy]] against [[pancreatic cancer]] of [[immunotherapy]] medications undergoing trials as [[monotherapy|monotherapies]] (30 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |title=Study discovers triple immunotherapy combination as possible treatment for pancreatic cancer |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-triple-immunotherapy-combination-treatment-pancreatic.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gulhati |first1=Pat |last2=Schalck |first2=Aislyn |last3=Jiang |first3=Shan |last4=Shang |first4=Xiaoying |last5=Wu |first5=Chang-Jiun |last6=Hou |first6=Pingping |last7=Ruiz |first7=Sharia Hernandez |last8=Soto |first8=Luisa Solis |last9=Parra |first9=Edwin |last10=Ying |first10=Haoqiang |last11=Han |first11=Jincheng |last12=Dey |first12=Prasenjit |last13=Li |first13=Jun |last14=Deng |first14=Pingna |last15=Sei |first15=Emi |last16=Maeda |first16=Dean Y. |last17=Zebala |first17=John A. |last18=Spring |first18=Denise J. |last19=Kim |first19=Michael |last20=Wang |first20=Huamin |last21=Maitra |first21=Anirban |last22=Moore |first22=Dirk |last23=Clise-Dwyer |first23=Karen |last24=Wang |first24=Y. Alan |last25=Navin |first25=Nicholas E. |last26=DePinho |first26=Ronald A. |title=Targeting T cell checkpoints 41BB and LAG3 and myeloid cell CXCR1/CXCR2 results in antitumor immunity and durable response in pancreatic cancer |journal=Nature Cancer |date=30 December 2022 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=62–80 |doi=10.1038/s43018-022-00500-z |pmid=36585453 |pmc=9925045 |s2cid=255330738 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43018-022-00500-z |language=en |issn=2662-1347|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*19 December &ndash; A new world record [[Solar-cell efficiency|solar cell efficiency]] for a silicon-perovskite [[Multi-junction solar cell|tandem solar cell]] is achieved, with scientists in Germany converting 32.5% of sunlight into electrical energy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tandem solar cell achieves 32.5 percent efficiency |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/12/221219164845.htm |work=Science Daily|date=19 December 2022 |accessdate=21 December 2022 }}</ref>
*20 December &ndash; [[OpenAI]] releases Point-E, a machine learning system that can [[generative design|generate]] 3D models from text prompts ([[Artificial intelligence art|text-to-3D]]),<ref>{{cite news |title=OpenAI releases Point-E, an AI that generates 3D models |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/20/openai-releases-point-e-an-ai-that-generates-3d-models/ |work=Tech Crunch|date=20 December 2022 |accessdate=20 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite arXiv |last1=Nichol |first1=Alex |last2=Jun |first2=Heewoo |last3=Dhariwal |first3=Prafulla |last4=Mishkin |first4=Pamela |last5=Chen |first5=Mark |title=Point-E: A System for Generating 3D Point Clouds from Complex Prompts |date=16 December 2022 |class=cs.CV |eprint=2212.08751}}</ref> similar to previously released GET3D<ref name="time3d">{{cite magazine |title=What ChatGPT Could Mean for the Metaverse |url=https://time.com/6250249/chatgpt-metaverse/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rapidly Generate 3D Assets for Virtual Worlds with Generative AI |url=https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/rapidly-generate-3d-assets-for-virtual-worlds-with-generative-ai/ |website=NVIDIA Technical Blog |access-date=2 February 2023 |date=3 January 2023}}</ref> and Magic3D<ref>{{cite news |last1=Edwards |first1=Benj |title=3D for everyone? Nvidia's Magic3D can generate 3D models from text |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/11/nvidias-magic3d-creates-3d-models-from-written-descriptions-thanks-to-ai/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |work=Ars Technica |date=21 November 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref> by Nvidia and DreamFusion by Google.<ref name="time3d"/>
*22 December
**A network model analysis suggests that temporary overshoots of climate change – increasing global temperature beyond [[Paris Agreement]] goals temporarily as often projected – can increase risks of [[Tipping points in the climate system|climate tipping cascades]] "by up to 72%".<ref>{{cite news |title=Overshooting climate targets could significantly increase risk for tipping cascades |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-overshooting-climate-significantly-cascades.html |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wunderling |first1=Nico |last2=Winkelmann |first2=Ricarda |last3=Rockström |first3=Johan |last4=Loriani |first4=Sina |last5=Armstrong McKay |first5=David I. |last6=Ritchie |first6=Paul D. L. |last7=Sakschewski |first7=Boris |last8=Donges |first8=Jonathan F. |title=Global warming overshoots increase risks of climate tipping cascades in a network model |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=January 2023 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=75–82 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01545-9 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13...75W |s2cid=255045153 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366520998 |language=en |issn=1758-6798|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**In a [[paywall]]ed article, scientists provide 3D imaging and model analysis to reveal main causes, mechanics, and potential mitigations of the problematic<!--(e.g. due to electronic waste, durability/costs especially when batteries are not required to be replaceable, RE efficiency, and rare minerals)--> prevalent [[lithium-ion battery]] [[wear and tear|degradation]] [[Charge cycle|over charge cycles]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Minghao |last2=Chouchane |first2=Mehdi |last3=Shojaee |first3=S. Ali |last4=Winiarski |first4=Bartlomiej |last5=Liu |first5=Zhao |last6=Li |first6=Letian |last7=Pelapur |first7=Rengarajan |last8=Shodiev |first8=Abbos |last9=Yao |first9=Weiliang |last10=Doux |first10=Jean-Marie |last11=Wang |first11=Shen |last12=Li |first12=Yixuan |last13=Liu |first13=Chaoyue |last14=Lemmens |first14=Herman |last15=Franco |first15=Alejandro A. |last16=Meng |first16=Ying Shirley |title=Coupling of multiscale imaging analysis and computational modeling for understanding thick cathode degradation mechanisms |journal=Joule |date=22 December 2022 |volume=7 |pages=201–220 |doi=10.1016/j.joule.2022.12.001 |url=https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(22)00572-4 |language=English |issn=2542-4785|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=February 2023}}
*26 December &ndash; Bio- and electrical engineers prove for the first time that human [[cerebral organoid]]s transplanted [[humanized mice|into mice]] {{see above|[[2021 in science#August|17 Aug 21]] and [[#October|12 Oct]]}} functionally integrate with their visual cortex.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Firtina |first1=Nergis |title=In a first, human brain organoids placed in the mouse cortex react to visual stimuli |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-brain-organoids-mouse-cortex |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=[[Interesting Engineering]] |date=3 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wilson |first1=Madison N. |last2=Thunemann |first2=Martin |last3=Liu |first3=Xin |last4=Lu |first4=Yichen |last5=Puppo |first5=Francesca |last6=Adams |first6=Jason W. |last7=Kim |first7=Jeong-Hoon |last8=Ramezani |first8=Mehrdad |last9=Pizzo |first9=Donald P. |last10=Djurovic |first10=Srdjan |last11=Andreassen |first11=Ole A. |last12=Mansour |first12=Abed AlFatah |last13=Gage |first13=Fred H. |last14=Muotri |first14=Alysson R. |last15=Devor |first15=Anna |last16=Kuzum |first16=Duygu |title=Multimodal monitoring of human cortical organoids implanted in mice reveal functional connection with visual cortex |journal=Nature Communications |date=26 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7945 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35536-3 |pmid=36572698 |pmc=9792589 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7945W |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*27 December &ndash; Scientists report that a species of ''[[Halteria]]'', a single-celled [[protozoan]], is the first known organism for which "[[Virivore|a virus-only diet]] ... is enough to fuel the physiological growth and even population growth".<ref>{{cite news |title=Eating viruses can power growth, reproduction of microorganism |url=https://news.unl.edu/newsrooms/today/article/eating-viruses-can-power-growth-reproduction-of-microorganism/ |date=3 January 2023 |work=Nebraska Today|accessdate=6 January 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=DeLong |first1=John P. |last2=Van Etten |first2=James L. |last3=Al-Ameeli |first3=Zeina |last4=Agarkova |first4=Irina V. |last5=Dunigan |first5=David D. |title=The consumption of viruses returns energy to food chains |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=3 January 2023 |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=e2215000120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2215000120 |pmid=36574690 |pmc=9910503 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12015000D |s2cid=255219850 |language=en |issn=0027-8424|url=https://zenodo.org/record/7500012 }}</ref>