Editing 2022 in science (section)

===November===
[[File:Artist's_impression_of_the_closest_black_hole_to_Earth_and_its_Sun-like_companion_star.jpg|thumb|4 November: Artist's impression of the [[Gaia BH1]] system, containing a Sun-like star and the closest known black hole to Earth.]]
[[File:Sperm-egg.jpg|thumb|15 November: A [[Male infertility crisis|62% decline]] in [[sperm counts]] is found to have occurred since the early 1970s.]]
*1 November &ndash; A [[pooled analysis]] indicates that [[global health|globally]] over half of all preschool-aged children and over two-thirds of all nonpregnant women of reproductive age are [[micronutrient deficiency|deficient in at least one of three micronutrients]] each. The study notes required [[Health data|data]] is scarce and such deficiencies [[nutrition science|can constrain]] physical and ([[Development of the nervous system in humans|neurocognitive]]) <!--Child development|-->development and [[healthy diet|compromise health]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='With food prices increasing less people will achieve a balanced diet': Data highlights 'shocking' extent of malnutrition |url=https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2022/12/07/data-highlights-shocking-extent-of-malnutrition |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=foodnavigator.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Stevens |first1=Gretchen A. |last2=Beal |first2=Ty |last3=Mbuya |first3=Mduduzi N. N. |last4=Luo |first4=Hanqi |last5=Neufeld |first5=Lynnette M. |last6=Addo |first6=O. Yaw |last7=Adu-Afarwuah |first7=Seth |last8=Alayón |first8=Silvia |last9=Bhutta |first9=Zulfiqar |last10=Brown |first10=Kenneth H. |last11=Jefferds |first11=Maria Elena |last12=Engle-Stone |first12=Reina |last13=Fawzi |first13=Wafaie |last14=Hess |first14=Sonja Y. |last15=Johnston |first15=Robert |last16=Katz |first16=Joanne |last17=Krasevec |first17=Julia |last18=McDonald |first18=Christine M. |last19=Mei |first19=Zuguo |last20=Osendarp |first20=Saskia |last21=Paciorek |first21=Christopher J. |last22=Petry |first22=Nicolai |last23=Pfeiffer |first23=Christine M. |last24=Ramirez-Luzuriaga |first24=Maria J. |last25=Rogers |first25=Lisa M. |last26=Rohner |first26=Fabian |last27=Sethi |first27=Vani |last28=Suchdev |first28=Parminder S. |last29=Tessema |first29=Masresha |last30=Villapando |first30=Salvador |last31=Wieringa |first31=Frank T. |last32=Williams |first32=Anne M. |last33=Woldeyahannes |first33=Meseret |last34=Young |first34=Melissa F. |title=Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys |journal=The Lancet Global Health |date=1 November 2022 |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=e1590–e1599 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00367-9 |pmid=36240826 |s2cid=252857990 |language=English |issn=2214-109X}}</ref>
*2 November &ndash; Scientists show that cells move faster in thicker (higher [[viscosity]]) fluids. Cancer cells can form memory of extracellular fluid, helping them to form distant cancerous colonies more efficiently when exposed to fluids of higher viscosities.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Cancer Cells Gather Speed in Thicker Fluids |url=https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/cancer-cells-gather-speed-in-thicker-fluids-70781 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=The Scientist Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bera |first1=Kaustav |last2=Kiepas |first2=Alexander |last3=Godet |first3=Inês |last4=Li |first4=Yizeng |last5=Mehta |first5=Pranav |last6=Ifemembi |first6=Brent |last7=Paul |first7=Colin D. |last8=Sen |first8=Anindya |last9=Serra |first9=Selma A. |last10=Stoletov |first10=Konstantin |last11=Tao |first11=Jiaxiang |last12=Shatkin |first12=Gabriel |last13=Lee |first13=Se Jong |last14=Zhang |first14=Yuqi |last15=Boen |first15=Adrianna |date=November 2022 |title=Extracellular fluid viscosity enhances cell migration and cancer dissemination |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=611 |issue=7935 |pages=365–373 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05394-6 |pmid=36323783 |pmc=9646524 |bibcode=2022Natur.611..365B |s2cid=253267986 |issn=1476-4687}}
* Medical school press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Extracellular viscosity linked to cancer spread |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/969915 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=EurekAlert! |language=en}}</ref>
*3 November &ndash; Astronomers using the [[IXPE]] space observatory report that [[4U 0142+61]], a [[magnetar]] found 13,000 light-years from Earth, likely has a solid surface with no atmosphere.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Magnetised dead star likely has solid surface |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2022/nov/magnetised-dead-star-likely-has-solid-surface |work=UCL |date=3 November 2022|access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Taverna |first1=Roberto |last2=Turolla |first2=Roberto |last3=Muleri |first3=Fabio |display-authors=et al. |title=Polarized x-rays from a magnetar |journal=Science |date=11 November 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6620 |pages=646–650 |doi=10.1126/science.add0080 |pmid=36356124 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add0080 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|arxiv=2205.08898|bibcode=2022Sci...378..646T |s2cid=248863030 }}</ref>
*4 November &ndash; The discovery of [[Gaia BH1]], a binary system containing what is likely the [[List of nearest known black holes|closest known black hole]] to Earth, is reported by astronomers in the U.S.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Astronomers discover closest black hole to earth |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/11/221104113504.htm |access-date=4 November 2022 |date=5 November 2022 |website=Science Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=A Sun-like star orbiting a black hole |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |year=2023 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac3140|arxiv=2209.06833|last1=El-Badry |first1=Kareem |last2=Rix |first2=Hans-Walter |last3=Quataert |first3=Eliot |last4=Howard |first4=Andrew W. |last5=Isaacson |first5=Howard |last6=Fuller |first6=Jim |last7=Hawkins |first7=Keith |last8=Breivik |first8=Katelyn |last9=Wong |first9=Kaze W K. |last10=Rodriguez |first10=Antonio C. |last11=Conroy |first11=Charlie |last12=Shahaf |first12=Sahar |last13=Mazeh |first13=Tsevi |last14=Arenou |first14=Frédéric |last15=Burdge |first15=Kevin B. |last16=Bashi |first16=Dolev |last17=Faigler |first17=Simchon |last18=Weisz |first18=Daniel R. |last19=Seeburger |first19=Rhys |last20=Almada Monter |first20=Silvia |last21=Wojno |first21=Jennifer |volume=518 |pages=1057–1085 }}</ref>
*6–18 November – The [[2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] (COP27) on [[climate change mitigation]] takes place in [[Sharm el-Sheikh]], Egypt.<ref name="cop27">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Dickie |first1=Gloria |title=COP27: World on track to increase emissions 10.6% by 2030 - UN report |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/cop27-world-track-increase-emissions-106-by-2030-un-report-2022-10-26/ |access-date=31 October 2022 |work=Reuters |date=26 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Friedman |first1=Lisa |title=What Is COP27? And Other Questions About the Big U.N. Climate Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/cop27-climate-change-summit.html |access-date=31 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=31 October 2022}}</ref>
*7 November
**The first clinical trial of [[Artificial cell#Artificial red blood cells|laboratory-grown]] [[red blood cells]] transfused into people begins.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Lab-grown blood given to people in world-first clinical trial |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-63513330 |access-date=7 November 2022 |date=7 November 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=First ever clinical trial of laboratory grown red blood cells being transfused into another person underway |url=https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2022/november/labblood-study.html |access-date=7 November 2022 |date=7 November 2022 |work=[[University of Bristol]]}}</ref>
**Scientists [[World Scientists' Warning to Humanity#Other scientists' warnings|warn]] about summarized [[Effects of climate change on terrestrial animals|effects of climate change on insects]], among other novel stressors,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Halsch |first1=Christopher A. |last2=Shapiro |first2=Arthur M. |last3=Fordyce |first3=James A. |last4=Nice |first4=Chris C. |last5=Thorne |first5=James H. |last6=Waetjen |first6=David P. |last7=Forister |first7=Matthew L. |title=Insects and recent climate change |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=12 January 2021 |volume=118 |issue=2 |pages=e2002543117 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2002543117 |pmid=33431560 |pmc=7812774 |bibcode=2021PNAS..11802543H |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free }}</ref> which may "drastically reduce our ability to build a sustainable future based on healthy, functional [[ecosystem]]s", providing several recommended mitigation options.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate change is hammering insects — in the tropics and everywhere else: Scientists |url=https://southafricatoday.net/environment/climate-change-is-hammering-insects-in-the-tropics-and-everywhere-else-scientists/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=South Africa Today |date=13 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Harvey |first1=Jeffrey A. |last2=Tougeron |first2=Kévin |last3=Gols |first3=Rieta |last4=Heinen |first4=Robin |display-authors=et al. |title=Scientists' warning on climate change and insects |journal=Ecological Monographs |date=7 November 2022 |volume=93 |doi=10.1002/ecm.1553 |s2cid=253411354 |language=en |issn=0012-9615|url=https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03882544/file/Ecological%20Monographs%20-%202022%20-%20Harvey%20-%20Scientists%20warning%20on%20climate%20change%20and%20insects.pdf }}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Entomologists issue warning about effects of climate change on insects |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-entomologists-issue-effects-climate-insects.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=University of Maryland via phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
**The development of organic [[Artificial neuron#Physical artificial cells|artificial neurons]] that function [[Wetware computer#Prototypes|in and with biological systems]], partly {{see above|e.g. [[#January|25 Jan]]&[[#Sep1|1 Sep]]}} [[biomimicry|mimicking]] [[neuron]]s' communication, is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sarkar |first1=Tanmoy |last2=Lieberth |first2=Katharina |last3=Pavlou |first3=Aristea |last4=Frank |first4=Thomas |last5=Mailaender |first5=Volker |last6=McCulloch |first6=Iain |last7=Blom |first7=Paul W. M. |last8=Torricelli |first8=Fabrizio |last9=Gkoupidenis |first9=Paschalis |title=An organic artificial spiking neuron for in situ neuromorphic sensing and biointerfacing |journal=Nature Electronics |date=November 2022 |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=774–783 |doi=10.1038/s41928-022-00859-y |s2cid=253413801 |language=en |issn=2520-1131}}</ref>
*9 November
**[[IBM]] unveils its 433-[[qubit]] 'Osprey' quantum processor, the successor to its [[IBM Eagle|Eagle]] system.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=IBM Unveils 400 Qubit-Plus Quantum Processor and Next-Generation IBM Quantum System Two |url=https://newsroom.ibm.com/2022-11-09-IBM-Unveils-400-Qubit-Plus-Quantum-Processor-and-Next-Generation-IBM-Quantum-System-Two |access-date=10 November 2022 |date=9 November 2022 |work=IBM}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=IBM unveils its 433 qubit Osprey quantum computer |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/11/09/ibm-unveils-its-433-qubit-osprey-quantum-computer/ |access-date=10 November 2022 |date=9 November 2022 |work=Tech Crunch}}</ref>
**A study shows that 50+ aged users of the dietary program [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program|SNAP]] "had about 2 fewer years of [[Brain aging|cognitive aging]] over a 10-year period compared with non-users" despite it having nearly no conditions for the [[sustainable food system|sustainability]] and [[healthy diet|healthiness]] of the food products purchased with the [[coupon]]s (or coupon-credits).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=SNAP Use Linked to Slower Decline in Memory for Older Adults |url=https://www.neurologyadvisor.com/topics/general-neurology/snap-use-linked-to-slower-decline-in-memory-for-older-adults/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Neurology Advisor |date=14 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lu |first1=Peiyi |last2=Kezios |first2=Katrina |last3=Lee |first3=Jongseong |last4=Calonico |first4=Sebastian |last5=Wimer |first5=Christopher |last6=Hazzouri |first6=Adina Zeki Al |title=Association Between Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Use and Memory Decline: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study |journal=Neurology |date=9 November 2022 |volume=100 |issue=6 |pages=e595–e602 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000201499 |pmid=36351816 |pmc=9946186 |s2cid=253445156 |language=en |issn=0028-3878}}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Using SNAP benefits may slow memory decline in older adults |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-11-snap-benefits-memory-decline-older.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
*10 November
**A study describes how one may eventually be able to detect (distinguish) [[wormhole]]s, suggesting they may have never been observed because they appear very similar to [[black hole]]s.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Researchers suggest that wormholes may look almost identical to black holes |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-wormholes-identical-black-holes.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Deliyski |first1=Valentin |last2=Gyulchev |first2=Galin |last3=Nedkova |first3=Petya |last4=Yazadjiev |first4=Stoytcho |title=Polarized image of equatorial emission in horizonless spacetimes: Traversable wormholes |journal=Physical Review D |date=10 November 2022 |volume=106 |issue=10 |pages=104024 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.106.104024|arxiv=2206.09455|bibcode=2022PhRvD.106j4024D |s2cid=249889269 }}</ref>
**Notable [[software development]]s:
***After domain seizures of [[Z-Library]] by [[intellectual property|copyright]] law enforcement and moves toward [[dark web]] and [[IPFS]] technologies by its content providers, the [[free and open source software|open source]] [[shadow library]] [[metasearch engine|UI]] [[Anna's Archive]] – which also provides access to a full copy of Z-Library content and scientific articles – is established by a team of [[archivist]]s,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title="Anna's Archive" Opens the Door to Z-Library and Other Pirate Libraries * TorrentFreak |url=https://torrentfreak.com/annas-archive-opens-the-door-to-z-library-and-other-pirate-libraries-221118/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=[[TorrentFreak]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Shadow Libraries' Are Moving Their Pirated Books to The Dark Web After Fed Crackdowns |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7vnn4/shadow-libraries-are-moving-their-pirated-books-to-the-dark-web-after-fed-crackdowns |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Vice |language=en}}</ref> essentially providing the largest human book and literature [[library]].
***News outlets report about the development of a post-editing model using [[GPT-3]] that improves [[machine translation]]s after [[problem-solving|identification of current translation problems]] (8 Nov/25 Oct).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Fadelli |first1=Ingrid |title=Study assesses the quality of AI literary translations by comparing them with human translations |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-11-quality-ai-literary-human.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite arXiv|last1=Thai |first1=Katherine |last2=Karpinska |first2=Marzena |last3=Krishna |first3=Kalpesh |last4=Ray |first4=Bill |last5=Inghilleri |first5=Moira |last6=Wieting |first6=John |last7=Iyyer |first7=Mohit |title=Exploring Document-Level Literary Machine Translation with Parallel Paragraphs from World Literature |date=25 October 2022|class=cs.CL |eprint=2210.14250 }}</ref>
***The largest global inventory and interactive map of [[climate change mitigation|greenhouse gas emission sources]] is released by [[Climate TRACE]] (9 Nov).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||first1=Harry |last1=Cockburn |title=Global oil and gas emissions 'up to three times higher than companies claim' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/global-gas-oil-emissions-rise-b2221249.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=The Independent |date=9 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emissions Map - Climate TRACE |url=https://climatetrace.org/map |website=climatetrace.org |access-date=18 December 2022 |language=en}}
* Press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=News - Climate TRACE |url=https://climatetrace.org/news/more-than-70000-of-the-highest-emitting-greenhouse-gas |access-date=18 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
***Around the [[acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk]] (27 Oct), interest in alternatives to the site – described as "one of the world's most high-profile information ecosystems", a contemporary suboptimal [[public square]], and as heavily used by many journalists and [[news media]] – increases substantially. However, no alternative such as [[Mastodon (social network)|Mastodon]], [[Reddit]] or the [[Bluesky (protocol)|Bluesky protocol]] was found to match {{tooltip|its features|(features not including its large user base but including the type of contents such as a mixtures of e.g. official statements, entertainment and news feeds)}} such as ease of use to date, in terms of being able to substitute the site.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Ortutay |first1=Barbara |title=Twitter drama too much? Mastodon, others emerge as options |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-11-twitter-drama-mastodon-emerge-options.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Urbain |first1=Thomas |title=What could a world without Twitter look like? |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-11-world-twitter.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The best Twitter alternatives |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-twitter-alternatives/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=ZDNET |language=en}}</ref>
***Two studies demonstrate platform-built-in as well [[Web browser|browser]]-integrated [[misinformation#Countermeasures|misinformation mitigation]] (11 Nov).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Jahanbakhsh |first1=Farnaz |last2=Zhang |first2=Amy X. |last3=Karger |first3=David R. |title=Leveraging Structured Trusted-Peer Assessments to Combat Misinformation |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |date=11 November 2022 |volume=6 |issue=CSCW2 |pages=524:1–524:40 |doi=10.1145/3555637|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Jahanbakhsh |first1=Farnaz |last2=Zhang |first2=Amy X. |last3=Karahalios |first3=Karrie |last4=Karger |first4=David R. |title=Our Browser Extension Lets Readers Change the Headlines on News Articles, and You Won't Believe What They Did! |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |date=11 November 2022 |volume=6 |issue=CSCW2 |pages=530:1–530:33 |doi=10.1145/3555643|doi-access=free}}</ref>
***Researchers develop [[fact-checking|falsity scores]] for over 800 contemporary [[elite]]s on Twitter and associated exposure scores (21 Nov).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New MIT Sloan research measures exposure to misinformation from political elites on Twitter |url=https://apnews.com/press-release/pr-newswire/misinformation-701fb46656eb2197a845f789857d83b2 |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=AP NEWS |date=29 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mosleh |first1=Mohsen |last2=Rand |first2=David G. |title=Measuring exposure to misinformation from political elites on Twitter |journal=Nature Communications |date=21 November 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7144 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34769-6 |pmid=36414634 |pmc=9681735 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7144M |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
***News outlets report about the first fully self-supervised [[anti-money laundering]] [[Applications of artificial intelligence|AI software]] using contemporary suboptimal datasets, LaundroGraph (24 Nov/26 Oct).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cardoso |first1=Mário |last2=Saleiro |first2=Pedro |last3=Bizarro |first3=Pedro |title=LaundroGraph: Self-Supervised Graph Representation Learning for Anti-Money Laundering |journal=Proceedings of the Third ACM International Conference on AI in Finance |date=26 October 2022 |pages=130–138 |doi=10.1145/3533271.3561727 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|arxiv=2210.14360|isbn=9781450393768 |s2cid=253022343 }}</ref>
*11 November &ndash; The [[Global Carbon Project]] reports that carbon emissions in 2022 remain at record levels, with no sign of the decrease that is needed to limit [[global warming]] to 1.5&nbsp;°C. At the current rate, the [[Carbon budget|carbon that can still be emitted]] while still meeting the 1.5&nbsp;°C [[2020s#Global goals and issues|global goal]] will likely (at a 50% chance) be emitted within only around nine years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=COP27: Key climate goal of 1.5C rise faces new challenge |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63591796 |work=BBC News |date=11 November 2022|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Global Carbon Budget |url=https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/22/events-prm.htm |work=Global Carbon Project |date=11 November 2022|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Friedlingstein |first1=Pierre |last2=O'Sullivan |first2=Michael |last3=Jones |first3=Matthew W. |last4=Andrew |first4=Robbie M. |last5=Gregor |first5=Luke |last6=Hauck |first6=Judith |last7=Le Quéré |first7=Corinne |last8=Luijkx |first8=Ingrid T. |display-authors=et al. |title=Global Carbon Budget 2022 |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=11 November 2022 |volume=14 |issue=11 |pages=4811–4900 |doi=10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022 |bibcode=2022ESSD...14.4811F |language=English |issn=1866-3508|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*12 November &ndash; Astronomers, using the [[Hubble Space Telescope]], report the discovery of one of the most [[Metallicity#Galaxies|metal-poor galaxies]] known. This nearby [[dwarf galaxy]], 20 million light-years away and 1,200 light-years across, is named [[HIPASS J1131–31]] (nicknamed the [[Peekaboo galaxy|"Peekaboo" galaxy]]).<ref name="SA-20221216">{{cite web |last=Parks |first=Jake |title=Hubble spots a nearby galaxy that looks like it belongs in the early universe - The extremely metal-poor galaxy, nicknamed Peekaboo, relatively recently emerged from behind a fast-moving star. |url=https://astronomy.com/news/2022/12/hubble-spots-a-nearby-galaxy-that-looks-like-it-belongs-in-the-early-universe |date=16 December 2022 |work=[[Scientific American]] |accessdate=17 December 2022 }}</ref><ref name="MN-20221112">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Karachentsev, J.D. |display-authors=et al. |title=Peekaboo: the extremely metal poor dwarf galaxy HIPASS J1131-31 |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/518/4/5893/6825465 |date=12 November 2022 |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=518 |issue=4 |pages=5893–5903 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac3284 |accessdate=17 December 2022 }}</ref>
*14 November
**Archaeologists report the oldest likely evidence (via heated fish teeth from a deep cave) of [[Control of fire by early humans|controlled use of fire]] to [[cooking|cook]] food [[Timeline of human evolution#Homo|by archaic humans ~780,000 years ago]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Ancient human relative used fire, surprising discoveries suggest |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/12/05/homo-naledi-fire-evolution/ |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zohar |first1=Irit |last2=Alperson-Afil |first2=Nira |last3=Goren-Inbar |first3=Naama |last4=Prévost |first4=Marion |last5=Tütken |first5=Thomas |last6=Sisma-Ventura |first6=Guy |last7=Hershkovitz |first7=Israel |last8=Najorka |first8=Jens |title=Evidence for the cooking of fish 780,000 years ago at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |date=December 2022 |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=2016–2028 |doi=10.1038/s41559-022-01910-z |pmid=36376603 |s2cid=253522354 |language=en |issn=2397-334X |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365369121 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**After being linked to risks for obesity,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Park |first1=Yong-Moon Mark |last2=White |first2=Alexandra J. |last3=Jackson |first3=Chandra L. |last4=Weinberg |first4=Clarice R. |last5=Sandler |first5=Dale P. |title=Association of Exposure to Artificial Light at Night While Sleeping With Risk of Obesity in Women |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 August 2019 |volume=179 |issue=8 |pages=1061–1071 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0571|pmid=31180469 |pmc=6563591 }}</ref> mental disorders,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tancredi |first1=Stefano |last2=Urbano |first2=Teresa |last3=Vinceti |first3=Marco |last4=Filippini |first4=Tommaso |title=Artificial light at night and risk of mental disorders: A systematic review |journal=Science of the Total Environment |date=August 2022 |volume=833 |pages=155185 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155185|pmid=35417728 |bibcode=2022ScTEn.833o5185T |s2cid=248093823 }}</ref> and potentially other health issues,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Artificial Light at Night: State of the Science 2022 |url=https://www.darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IDA-State-of-the-Science-2022-EN.pdf |publisher=International Dark-Sky Association |access-date=17 December 2022 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.6903500 |date=9 June 2022|last1=Barentine |first1=John C. }}</ref> a study finds a likely association between (contemporary types of) outdoor [[Light pollution#Types|artificial light at night]] and [[diabetes]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Impaired Glucose Homeostasis Seen With Exposure to Artificial Light at Night - Physician's Weekly |url=https://www.physiciansweekly.com/impaired-glucose-homeostasis-seen-with-exposure-to-artificial-light-at-night/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |date=1 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zheng |first1=Ruizhi |last2=Xin |first2=Zhuojun |last3=Li |first3=Mian |last4=Wang |first4=Tiange |last5=Xu |first5=Min |last6=Lu |first6=Jieli |last7=Dai |first7=Meng |last8=Zhang |first8=Di |last9=Chen |first9=Yuhong |last10=Wang |first10=Shuangyuan |last11=Lin |first11=Hong |last12=Wang |first12=Weiqing |last13=Ning |first13=Guang |last14=Bi |first14=Yufang |last15=Zhao |first15=Zhiyun |last16=Xu |first16=Yu |title=Outdoor light at night in relation to glucose homoeostasis and diabetes in Chinese adults: a national and cross-sectional study of 98,658 participants from 162 study sites |journal=Diabetologia |date=14 November 2022 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=336–345 |doi=10.1007/s00125-022-05819-x |pmid=36372821 |s2cid=253509635 |language=en |issn=1432-0428}}</ref>
*15 November
**A [[scientific review]] finds that human [[sperm counts]] fell [[Male infertility crisis|by 62% in the last 50 years and are decreasing at an accelerating rate]],<ref name="spermcountsdeclines">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Humans could face reproductive crisis as sperm count declines, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/nov/15/humans-could-face-reproductive-crisis-as-sperm-count-declines-study-finds |work=The Guardian |date=15 November 2022|access-date=27 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Levine |first1=Hagai |last2=Jørgensen |first2=Niels |last3=Martino-Andrade |first3=Anderson |last4=Mendiola |first4=Jaime |last5=Weksler-Derri |first5=Dan |last6=Jolles |first6=Maya |last7=Pinotti |first7=Rachel |last8=Swan |first8=Shanna H |title=Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries |journal=[[Human Reproduction (journal)|Human Reproduction]] |date=15 November 2022 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=157–176 |doi=10.1093/humupd/dmac035|pmid=36377604 }}</ref> likely a result of factors such as [[Healthy diet|poor diets]], [[endocrine disruptor]]s in prevalent products, unhealthy lifestyles and toxic [[forever chemicals]] in air and water.<ref name="spermcountsdeclines"/>
**A study using [[neuroimaging]] identifies rapid [[GABA]] boosting as a major potential explanation-component for why [[learning]] is often [[Development of the nervous system in humans|more efficient]] in [[children]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Brain scans shed light on how kids learn faster than adults |url=https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2022/11/17/brain-scans-children-learn/9721668697147/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=UPI |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Frank |first1=Sebastian M. |last2=Becker |first2=Markus |last3=Qi |first3=Andrea |last4=Geiger |first4=Patricia |last5=Frank |first5=Ulrike I. |last6=Rosedahl |first6=Luke A. |last7=Malloni |first7=Wilhelm M. |last8=Sasaki |first8=Yuka |last9=Greenlee |first9=Mark W. |last10=Watanabe |first10=Takeo |title=Efficient learning in children with rapid GABA boosting during and after training |journal=Current Biology |date=5 December 2022 |volume=32 |issue=23 |pages=5022–5030.e7 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.021 |pmid=36384138 |language=English |issn=0960-9822|biorxiv=10.1101/2022.01.02.474022|s2cid=253571891 }}</ref>
**Scientists report [[leprosy]]-causing bacteria viably [[Regeneration in humans#Research|regenerate and rejuvenate the liver]] in its [[armadillo]]s hosts, which may enable novel human therapies.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Fauzia |first1=Miriam |title=The bacteria that causes leprosy can also help regrow human livers |url=https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/leprosy-causing-bacteria-regrow-human-livers |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Inverse |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hess |first1=Samuel |last2=Kendall |first2=Timothy J. |last3=Pena |first3=Maria |last4=Yamane |first4=Keitaro |last5=Soong |first5=Daniel |last6=Adams |first6=Linda |last7=Truman |first7=Richard |last8=Rambukkana |first8=Anura |title=In vivo partial reprogramming by bacteria promotes adult liver organ growth without fibrosis and tumorigenesis |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |date=15 November 2022 |volume=3 |issue=11 |page=100820 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100820 |pmid=36384103 |pmc=9729881 |s2cid=253577148 |language=English |issn=2666-3791}}</ref>
*16 November
**NASA conducts the [[Artemis 1|first uncrewed flight]] of its [[Space Launch System]] (SLS), the largest rocket in history. The onboard [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion]] capsule will orbit the [[Moon]] before returning to Earth, as a demonstration of planned human missions.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Nasa: Artemis Moon rocket lifts off Earth |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63643707 |work=BBC News |date=16 November 2022|access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Nasa Artemis 1 launch: rocket lifts off on moon mission – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2022/nov/16/artemis-1-nasa-rocket-launch-moon-mission-space-live-updates |work=The Guardian |date=16 November 2022|access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref>
**A satellite-free [[GPS]]-alternative higher-resolution [[positioning system]] using existing telecommunications networks is demonstrated, SuperGPS.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title="SuperGPS" ditches satellites for radio towers for cm-scale tracking |url=https://newatlas.com/telecommunications/supergps-radio-centimeter-location-tracking/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=17 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Koelemeij |first1=Jeroen C. J. |last2=Dun |first2=Han |last3=Diouf |first3=Cherif E. V. |last4=Dierikx |first4=Erik F. |last5=Janssen |first5=Gerard J. M. |last6=Tiberius |first6=Christian C. J. M. |title=A hybrid optical–wireless network for decimetre-level terrestrial positioning |journal=Nature |date=November 2022 |volume=611 |issue=7936 |pages=473–478 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05315-7 |pmid=36385540 |arxiv=2305.14796 |bibcode=2022Natur.611..473K |s2cid=253555248 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365444160|url-access=subscription}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=A navigation system with 10 centimeter accuracy |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-11-centimeter-accuracy.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Delft University of Technology via techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Witchcraft beliefs around the world in the present.png|thumb|23 November: A study reports estimated contemporary prevalence and associations with [[belief]] in [[witchcraft]] around the world, which (in their data) varied between 9% and 90% between [[nation]]s and is still a widespread element in [[Reality#World views and theories|worldviews]] globally.<ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0276872"/>]]
*18 November &ndash; Researchers theorize that in many disciplines, larger [[Metascience#Factors of success and progress|scientific productivity or success]] by [[College and university rankings|elite universities]] can be explained by their larger pool of available funded laborers.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Why it pays to join a big research group if you want to be more scientifically productive |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/why-it-pays-to-join-a-big-research-group-if-you-want-to-be-more-scientifically-productive/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=Physics World |date=24 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Sam |last2=Wapman |first2=K. Hunter |last3=Larremore |first3=Daniel B. |last4=Clauset |first4=Aaron |title=Labor advantages drive the greater productivity of faculty at elite universities |journal=Science Advances |date=16 November 2022 |volume=8 |issue=46 |pages=eabq7056 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abq7056 |pmid=36399560 |pmc=9674273 |arxiv=2204.05989 |bibcode=2022SciA....8.7056Z |language=en |issn=2375-2548}}</ref> A commentary notes that academic rankings don't consider where (country and institute) the respective researchers were trained (1 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=La Porta |first1=Caterina AM |last2=Zapperi |first2=Stefano |title=America's top universities reap the benefit of Italian-trained scientists |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d43978-022-00163-5 |journal=Nature Italy |access-date=18 December 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d43978-022-00163-5 |date=1 December 2022|s2cid=254331807 }}</ref>
*19 November &ndash; Researchers report determinants of [[alertness]] after [[Sleep#Awakening|waking up]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=What are the factors that affect how alert we feel in the morning? |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/feeling-tired-in-the-morning-4-factors-are-key-to-alertness-levels |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.medicalnewstoday.com |date=29 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vallat |first1=Raphael |last2=Berry |first2=Sarah E. |last3=Tsereteli |first3=Neli |last4=Capdevila |first4=Joan |last5=Khatib |first5=Haya Al |last6=Valdes |first6=Ana M. |last7=Delahanty |first7=Linda M. |last8=Drew |first8=David A. |last9=Chan |first9=Andrew T. |last10=Wolf |first10=Jonathan |last11=Franks |first11=Paul W. |last12=Spector |first12=Tim D. |last13=Walker |first13=Matthew P. |title=How people wake up is associated with previous night's sleep together with physical activity and food intake |journal=Nature Communications |date=19 November 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7116 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34503-2 |pmid=36402781 |pmc=9675783 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7116V |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*21 November
**Scientists in [[Papua New Guinea]] record the [[black-naped pheasant pigeon]] for the first time in 140 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A rare, endangered bird hadn't been seen for 140 years — but was just caught on video, scientists say |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/black-naped-pheasant-pigeon-papau-new-guinea-fergusson-island-mt-kilkerran-rewild/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=CBS News |date=21 November 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>
**A [[Global Burden of Disease Study|GBD study]] reports the first [[global health|global]] estimates of death rates from (33) [[Pathogenic bacteria|bacterial pathogens]], finding such infections are [[List of causes of death by rate|contributing to one in 8 deaths]] (or ~7.7 million deaths), which {{tooltip|could make it|when "Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death"}} the second largest cause of death globally in 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Hou |first1=Chia-Yi |title=Bacterial infections linked to 1 in 8 deaths in 2019 |url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/prevention-cures/3748033-bacterial-infections-linked-to-1-in-8-deaths-in-2019/ |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=The Hill |date=23 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ikuta |first1=Kevin S. |last2=Swetschinski |first2=Lucien R. |last3=Aguilar |first3=Gisela Robles |last4=Sharara |first4=Fablina |last5=Mestrovic |first5=Tomislav |last6=Gray |first6=Authia P. |last7=Weaver |first7=Nicole Davis |last8=Wool |first8=Eve E. |display-authors=et al. |title=Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 |journal=The Lancet |date=21 November 2022 |volume=400 |issue=10369 |pages=2221–2248 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02185-7 |pmid=36423648 |pmc=9763654 |language=English |issn=0140-6736 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
**A pulsed electric field-based [[Shark#Conservation|shark]] and [[Batoidea#Conservation|ray]] [[bycatch mitigation]] device is reported, SharkGuard.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New gadget could reduce shark bycatch by 90% |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/nov/21/new-gadget-could-reduce-shark-bycatch-by-90 |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=21 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Doherty |first1=Philip D. |last2=Enever |first2=Robert |last3=Omeyer |first3=Lucy C. M. |last4=Tivenan |first4=Lydia |last5=Course |first5=Grant |last6=Pasco |first6=Guy |last7=Thomas |first7=David |last8=Sullivan |first8=Ben |last9=Kibel |first9=Ben |last10=Kibel |first10=Pete |last11=Godley |first11=Brendan J. |title=Efficacy of a novel shark bycatch mitigation device in a tuna longline fishery |journal=Current Biology |date=21 November 2022 |volume=32 |issue=22 |pages=R1260–R1261 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.003 |pmid=36413965 |language=English |issn=0960-9822|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*22 November
**The [[International Bureau of Weights and Measures]] announces it will phase out the [[leap second]] by 2035.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=2022-11-21 |title=Time's up: the leap second is being scrapped in 2035 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/21/23470759/leap-second-scrapped-2035-time-computer-chaos |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref>
**[[Photochemistry]] is confirmed on an exoplanet for the first time, as the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] detects a range of signatures including [[sulfur dioxide]] in the atmosphere of [[WASP-39b]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=James Webb Space Telescope reveals an exoplanet atmosphere as never seen before |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-james-webb-space-telescope-reveals.html |work=Phys.org |date=22 November 2022|access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref>
**A [[cohort study]] indicates [[Healthy diet|dietary]] intakes of total [[flavonol]]s – and at least [[kaempferol]]- and [[quercetin]]-containing foods in specific – may substantially decrease decline in multiple [[Brain aging|cognitive abilities with older age]], showing a difference of "0.4 [[Cognitive test|units]]{{clarify|date=December 2022}} per decade" between 5&nbsp;mg and 15&nbsp;mg intakes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=LaMotte |first1=Sandee |title=Slow cognitive decline with flavonols, study says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/28/health/flavonols-memory-boost-wellness |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=CNN |date=28 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Holland |first1=Thomas Monroe |last2=Agarwal |first2=Puja |last3=Wang |first3=Yamin |last4=Dhana |first4=Klodian |last5=Leurgans |first5=Sue E. |last6=Shea |first6=Kyla |last7=Booth |first7=Sarah L. |last8=Rajan |first8=Kumar |last9=Schneider |first9=Julie A. |last10=Barnes |first10=Lisa L. |title=Association of Dietary Intake of Flavonols With Changes in Global Cognition and Several Cognitive Abilities |journal=Neurology |date=22 November 2022 |volume=100 |issue=7 |pages=e694–e702 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000201541 |pmid=36414424 |pmc=9969915 |s2cid=253800625 |language=en |issn=0028-3878|url=https://todayspractitioner.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/FlavonolsDementia-Study.pdf}}</ref>
*23 November
**Acoustic Nanoscale Separation via Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance (ANSWER) is demonstrated as a way of separating [[nanoparticles]], especially small [[extracellular vesicle]]s, from biofluids in under 10 minutes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||date=2 December 2022 |title='Virtual pillars' separate and sort blood-based nanoparticles |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-virtual-pillars-blood-based-nanoparticles.html |access-date=4 December 2022 |website=Phys.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Jinxin |last2=Chen |first2=Chuyi |last3=Becker |first3=Ryan |last4=Rufo |first4=Joseph |last5=Yang |first5=Shujie |last6=Mai |first6=John |last7=Zhang |first7=Peiran |last8=Gu |first8=Yuyang |last9=Wang |first9=Zeyu |last10=Ma |first10=Zhehan |last11=Xia |first11=Jianping |last12=Hao |first12=Nanjing |last13=Tian |first13=Zhenhua |last14=Wong |first14=David T. W. |last15=Sadovsky |first15=Yoel |last16=Lee |first16=Luke P. |last17=Huang |first17=Tony Jun |title=A solution to the biophysical fractionation of extracellular vesicles: Acoustic Nanoscale Separation via Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance (ANSWER) |journal=Science Advances |date=25 November 2022 |volume=8 |issue=47 |pages=eade0640 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.ade0640 |pmid=36417505 |pmc=9683722 |bibcode=2022SciA....8E.640Z |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**A study reports [[phage]]s have a large variety of CRISPR-Cas systems. They possibly may{{clarify|date=December 2022|reason=The study does not appear to have info on this, but e.g. the Nature news article states this}} use them to edit hosts' genes and for competitive advantages, e.g. against rival phages.{{how|date=December 2022}} These systems could be useful for [[CRISPR gene editing|CRISPR-Cas gene editing]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Ledford |first1=Heidi |title=CRISPR tools found in thousands of viruses could boost gene editing |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03837-8 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=Nature |date=23 November 2022 |pages=21–21 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-03837-8}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=CRISPR is so popular even viruses may use it |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/crispr-so-popular-even-viruses-may-use-it |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=Science |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Al-Shayeb |first1=Basem |last2=Skopintsev |first2=Petr |last3=Soczek |first3=Katarzyna M. |last4=Stahl |first4=Elizabeth C. |last5=Li |first5=Zheng |last6=Groover |first6=Evan |last7=Smock |first7=Dylan |last8=Eggers |first8=Amy R. |last9=Pausch |first9=Patrick |last10=Cress |first10=Brady F. |last11=Huang |first11=Carolyn J. |last12=Staskawicz |first12=Brian |last13=Savage |first13=David F. |last14=Jacobsen |first14=Steven E. |last15=Banfield |first15=Jillian F. |last16=Doudna |first16=Jennifer A. |title=Diverse virus-encoded CRISPR-Cas systems include streamlined genome editors |journal=Cell |date=23 November 2022 |volume=185 |issue=24 |pages=4574–4586.e16 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.020 |pmid=36423580 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**A study reports estimated contemporary prevalence and associations with [[belief]] in [[witchcraft]] around the world, which (in their data) varied between 9% and 90% between [[nation]]s and is still a widespread element in [[Reality#World views and theories|worldviews]] globally. It also shows associations such as with low "innovative activity", lower [[life expectancy]] and high [[religiosity]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Witchcraft beliefs are widespread, highly variable around the world |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-witchcraft-beliefs-widespread-highly-variable.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Public Library of Science via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0276872">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gershman |first1=Boris |title=Witchcraft beliefs around the world: An exploratory analysis |journal=PLOS ONE |date=23 November 2022 |volume=17 |issue=11 |pages=e0276872 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0276872|pmid=36417350 |pmc=9683553 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1776872G |doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Geneticists report that the fastest-evolved regions of the [[human genome]], they call {{tooltip|HAQERs|"human ancestor quickly evolved regions"}}, "rapidly diverged in an episodic burst"{{clarify|date=December 2022}} of [[positive selection]] prior to the human-[[Neanderthal]] split and identify over 1,500 such [[Evolution of the brain#Genetic factors of recent evolution|HAQERs that substantially distinguish humans from related other apes]] via datasets such as of {{tooltip|HARs|"human accelerated regions"}} and experiments that use embryonic mouse brains.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Human evolution: Brain, gut and immune system were fine-tuned after split from common ancestor of chimpanzees |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-human-evolution-brain-gut-immune.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Duke University via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mangan |first1=Riley J. |last2=Alsina |first2=Fernando C. |last3=Mosti |first3=Federica |last4=Sotelo-Fonseca |first4=Jesús Emiliano |last5=Snellings |first5=Daniel A. |last6=Au |first6=Eric H. |last7=Carvalho |first7=Juliana |last8=Sathyan |first8=Laya |last9=Johnson |first9=Graham D. |last10=Reddy |first10=Timothy E. |last11=Silver |first11=Debra L. |last12=Lowe |first12=Craig B. |title=Adaptive sequence divergence forged new neurodevelopmental enhancers in humans |journal=Cell |date=23 November 2022 |volume=185 |issue=24 |pages=4587–4603.e23 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.016 |pmid=36423581 |pmc=10013929 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|doi-access=free|pmc-embargo-date=November 23, 2023 }}</ref>
*24 November
**Promising results of therapeutic [[Drug development|candidates]] are reported:<br/>a [[universal flu vaccine|universal flu mRNA vaccine]],<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Mandavilli |first1=Apoorva |title=One Step Closer to a Universal Flu Vaccine? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/29/health/universal-flu-vaccine.html |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=29 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Arevalo |first1=Claudia P. |last2=Bolton |first2=Marcus J. |last3=Le Sage |first3=Valerie |last4=Ye |first4=Naiqing |last5=Furey |first5=Colleen |last6=Muramatsu |first6=Hiromi |last7=Alameh |first7=Mohamad-Gabriel |last8=Pardi |first8=Norbert |last9=Drapeau |first9=Elizabeth M. |last10=Parkhouse |first10=Kaela |last11=Garretson |first11=Tyler |last12=Morris |first12=Jeffrey S. |last13=Moncla |first13=Louise H. |last14=Tam |first14=Ying K. |last15=Fan |first15=Steven H. Y. |last16=Lakdawala |first16=Seema S. |last17=Weissman |first17=Drew |last18=Hensley |first18=Scott E. |title=A multivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against all known influenza virus subtypes |journal=Science |date=25 November 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6622 |pages=899–904 |doi=10.1126/science.abm0271 |pmid=36423275 |bibcode=2022Sci...378..899A |s2cid=253839564 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> a [[Clinical trial#Phases|phase 3 trialed]] [[RSV vaccine]] (1 Nov),<ref>{{cite web |title=Pfizer vermeldet Erfolg bei RSV-Impfstoff |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/rapid-reaction/details/news/pfizer-vermeldet-erfolg-bei-rsv-impfstoff/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=13 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New RSV vaccine data raises hopes of availability next fall |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/new-rsv-vaccine-data-raises-hopes-of-availability-next-fall |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=PBS NewsHour |date=1 November 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref> phase 3 trialed antibiotic [[gepotidacin]] against [[UTI]]s (3 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Goodman |first1=Brenda |title=New antibiotic appears to be effective against urinary tract infections, drug company says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/03/health/new-uti-antibiotic-gepotidacin/index.html |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=CNN |date=4 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=December 2022|reason=Results data missing}} phase I trialed new [[antibiotic]] for [[gram-negative bacteria]] QPX9003 (20 Oct/9 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New antibiotic passes through the first phase of clinical trials with ease|url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/new-antibiotic-phase-i/ |access-date=10 November 2022 |date=9 November 2022 |work=Cosmos Magazine}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=December 2022|reason=Results data missing}} phase 2 trialed antibody CIS43LS against [[malaria]] (17 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monoclonal antibody prevents malaria infection in African adults |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-monoclonal-antibody-malaria-infection-african.html |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kayentao |first1=Kassoum |last2=Ongoiba |first2=Aissata |last3=Preston |first3=Anne C. |last4=Healy |first4=Sara A. |last5=Doumbo |first5=Safiatou |last6=Doumtabe |first6=Didier |last7=Traore |first7=Abdrahamane |last8=Traore |first8=Hamadi |last9=Djiguiba |first9=Adama |last10=Li |first10=Shanping |last11=Peterson |first11=Mary E. |last12=Telscher |first12=Shinyi |last13=Idris |first13=Azza H. |last14=Kisalu |first14=Neville K. |last15=Carlton |first15=Kevin |last16=Serebryannyy |first16=Leonid |last17=Narpala |first17=Sandeep |last18=McDermott |first18=Adrian B. |last19=Gaudinski |first19=Martin |last20=Traore |first20=Siriman |last21=Cisse |first21=Hamidou |last22=Keita |first22=Mamadou |last23=Skinner |first23=Jeff |last24=Hu |first24=Zonghui |last25=Zéguimé |first25=Amatigué |last26=Ouattara |first26=Adama |last27=Doucoure |first27=M'Bouye |last28=Dolo |first28=Amagana |last29=Djimdé |first29=Abdoulaye |last30=Traore |first30=Boubacar |last31=Seder |first31=Robert A. |last32=Crompton |first32=Peter D. |title=Safety and Efficacy of a Monoclonal Antibody against Malaria in Mali |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=17 November 2022 |volume=387 |issue=20 |pages=1833–1842 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2206966 |pmid=36317783 |pmc=9881676 |s2cid=253245530 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref> phase 2 trialed [[acoziborole]] against [[African trypanosomiasis|African sleeping sickness parasites]] (29 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Drug clears sleeping sickness parasite from the body in clinical trial |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2349078-drug-clears-sleeping-sickness-parasite-from-the-body-in-clinical-trial/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kumeso |first1=Victor Kande Betu |last2=Kalonji |first2=Wilfried Mutombo |last3=Rembry |first3=Sandra |last4=Mordt |first4=Olaf Valverde |last5=Tete |first5=Digas Ngolo |last6=Prêtre |first6=Adeline |last7=Delhomme |first7=Sophie |last8=Kyhi |first8=Médard Ilunga Wa |last9=Camara |first9=Mamadou |last10=Catusse |first10=Julie |last11=Schneitter |first11=Stefan |last12=Nusbaumer |first12=Morgane |last13=Miaka |first13=Erick Mwamba |last14=Mbembo |first14=Hélène Mahenzi |last15=Mayawula |first15=Joseph Makaya |last16=Camara |first16=Mariame Layba |last17=Massa |first17=Félix Akwaso |last18=Badibabi |first18=Lewis Kaninda |last19=Bonama |first19=Augustin Kasongo |last20=Lukula |first20=Papy Kavunga |last21=Kalonji |first21=Sylvain Mutanda |last22=Philemon |first22=Phyll Mariero |last23=Nganyonyi |first23=Ricardo Mokilifi |last24=Mankiara |first24=Hugues Embana |last25=Nguba |first25=André Asuka Akongo |last26=Muanza |first26=Vincent Kobo |last27=Nasandhel |first27=Ernest Mulenge |last28=Bambuwu |first28=Aimée Fifi Nzeza |last29=Scherrer |first29=Bruno |last30=Strub-Wourgaft |first30=Nathalie |last31=Tarral |first31=Antoine |title=Efficacy and safety of acoziborole in patients with human African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2/3 trial |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |date=29 November 2022 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=463–470 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00660-0 |pmid=36460027 |pmc=10033454 |language=English |issn=1473-3099|doi-access=free}}</ref> and phase 3 trialed [[lecanemab]] against [[Alzheimer's disease]] (29 Nov).<ref>{{cite web |title=Lecanemab bei Alzheimer im Frühstadium |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/lecanemab-bei-alzheimer-im-fruehstadium/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=13 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dyck |first1=Christopher H. van |last2=Swanson |first2=Chad J. |last3=Aisen |first3=Paul |last4=Bateman |first4=Randall J. |last5=Chen |first5=Christopher |last6=Gee |first6=Michelle |last7=Kanekiyo |first7=Michio |last8=Li |first8=David |last9=Reyderman |first9=Larisa |last10=Cohen |first10=Sharon |last11=Froelich |first11=Lutz |last12=Katayama |first12=Sadao |last13=Sabbagh |first13=Marwan |last14=Vellas |first14=Bruno |last15=Watson |first15=David |last16=Dhadda |first16=Shobha |last17=Irizarry |first17=Michael |last18=Kramer |first18=Lynn D. |last19=Iwatsubo |first19=Takeshi |title=Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer's Disease |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=29 November 2022 |volume=388 |issue=1 |pages=9–21 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2212948 |pmid=36449413 |s2cid=254094094 |url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2212948 |language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**A new [[CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing]] tool for large edits without problematic double-stranded breaks is demonstrated, {{tooltip|PASTE|Programmable Addition via Site-specific Targeting Elements}}.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McDonnell |first1=Sarah |title=New CRISPR-based tool inserts large DNA sequences at desired sites in cells |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-crispr-based-tool-inserts-large-dna.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Massachusetts Institute of Technology via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Yarnall |first1=Matthew T. N. |last2=Ioannidi |first2=Eleonora I. |last3=Schmitt-Ulms |first3=Cian |last4=Krajeski |first4=Rohan N. |last5=Lim |first5=Justin |last6=Villiger |first6=Lukas |last7=Zhou |first7=Wenyuan |last8=Jiang |first8=Kaiyi |last9=Garushyants |first9=Sofya K. |last10=Roberts |first10=Nathaniel |last11=Zhang |first11=Liyang |last12=Vakulskas |first12=Christopher A. |last13=Walker |first13=John A. |last14=Kadina |first14=Anastasia P. |last15=Zepeda |first15=Adrianna E. |last16=Holden |first16=Kevin |last17=Ma |first17=Hong |last18=Xie |first18=Jun |last19=Gao |first19=Guangping |last20=Foquet |first20=Lander |last21=Bial |first21=Greg |last22=Donnelly |first22=Sara K. |last23=Miyata |first23=Yoshinari |last24=Radiloff |first24=Daniel R. |last25=Henderson |first25=Jordana M. |last26=Ujita |first26=Andrew |last27=Abudayyeh |first27=Omar O. |last28=Gootenberg |first28=Jonathan S. |title=Drag-and-drop genome insertion of large sequences without double-strand DNA cleavage using CRISPR-directed integrases |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=24 November 2022 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=500–512 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01527-4 |pmid=36424489 |pmc=10257351 |biorxiv=10.1101/2021.11.01.466786 |s2cid=253879386 |language=en |issn=1546-1696}}</ref>
*29 November
**Canadian mineralogists discover two {{tooltip|new minerals|(these have previously been created in the laboratory, but weren't found occurring naturally)}}, [[Elkinstantonite]] and [[Elaliite]], on the 15-tonne [[El Ali meteorite]] that grounded in Somalia.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Researchers discover two new minerals on meteorite grounded in Somalia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/nov/29/researchers-discover-two-new-minerals-on-meteorite-grounded-in-somalia |work=The Guardian |date=29 November 2022|access-date=30 November 2022}}</ref>
**A study [[Electronic health record|maps]] common disease combinations or [[multimorbidity]] patterns,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Greaves |first1=Mark |title=Mapping the hidden connections between diseases |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-hidden-diseases.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=University College London via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kuan |first1=Valerie |last2=Denaxas |first2=Spiros |last3=Patalay |first3=Praveetha |display-authors=et al. |title=Identifying and visualising multimorbidity and comorbidity patterns in patients in the English National Health Service: a population-based study |journal=The Lancet Digital Health |date=29 November 2022 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=e16–e27 |doi=10.1016/S2589-7500(22)00187-X |pmid=36460578 |s2cid=254129048 |language=English |issn=2589-7500}}</ref> a "growing public health problem [[global health|worldwide]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hariri |first1=Parisa |last2=Clarke |first2=Robert |last3=Bragg |first3=Fiona |last4=Chen |first4=Yiping |last5=Guo |first5=Yu |last6=Yang |first6=Ling |last7=Lv |first7=Jun |last8=Yu |first8=Canqing |last9=Li |first9=Liming |last10=Chen |first10=Zhengming |last11=Bennett |first11=Derrick A |title=Frequency and types of clusters of major chronic diseases in 0.5 million adults in urban and rural China |journal=Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity |date=January 2022 |volume=12 |pages=263355652210983 |doi=10.1177/26335565221098327 |pmid=35615751 |pmc=9125108 |language=en |issn=2633-5565}}</ref>
*30 November
**An [[electrolysis]] system for viable [[hydrogen economy|hydrogen production from seawater]] without requiring a pre-[[desalination]] process, which could make it less flexible and more costly, is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Timmer |first1=John |title=New device can make hydrogen when dunked in salt water |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/11/waterproof-clothing-concept-used-to-make-hydrogen-from-seawater/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Ars Technica |date=30 November 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xie |first1=Heping |last2=Zhao |first2=Zhiyu |last3=Liu |first3=Tao |last4=Wu |first4=Yifan |last5=Lan |first5=Cheng |last6=Jiang |first6=Wenchuan |last7=Zhu |first7=Liangyu |last8=Wang |first8=Yunpeng |last9=Yang |first9=Dongsheng |last10=Shao |first10=Zongping |title=A membrane-based seawater electrolyser for hydrogen generation |journal=Nature |date=30 November 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7941 |pages=673–678 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05379-5 |pmid=36450987 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..673X |s2cid=254123372 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365890373|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**A<!-- [[neuroscience]]--> study deploying protein imaging<!--Category:Protein imaging--> of adult mice suggests [[Development of the nervous system in humans#Adult neural development|adult brains]] contain, at the tips of [[filopodia]], many (~30% of all dendritic protrusions) "[[silent synapse]]s" that are inactive [[Connectome|until recruited]] as part of [[neural plasticity]] and flexible [[learning]] or [[memory|memories]], previously thought to be present mainly in the developing pre-adult brain and to die off with time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Lloreda |first1=Claudia López |title=Adult mouse brains are teeming with 'silent synapses' |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/adult-mouse-brains-silent-synapses-memories |access-date=18 December 2022 |date=16 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vardalaki |first1=Dimitra |last2=Chung |first2=Kwanghun |last3=Harnett |first3=Mark T. |title=Filopodia are a structural substrate for silent synapses in adult neocortex |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7939 |pages=323–327 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05483-6 |pmid=36450984 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..323V |s2cid=254122483 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05483-6 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}
* University press release: {{cite news |last1=Trafton |first1=Anne |title=Silent synapses are abundant in the adult brain |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-11-silent-synapses-abundant-adult-brain.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Massachusetts Institute of Technology via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
**Scientists develop a quantum experiment allowing the observation of a kind of theoretical [[wormhole]] in a [[Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev model|SYK]] "baby" physical model which some, but not all, consider potentially useful for the development of [[quantum gravity]] theories.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Castelvecchi |first1=Davide |title=Did physicists create a wormhole in a quantum computer? |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04201-6 |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Nature |date=1 December 2022 |pages=201–202 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-04201-6}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Physicists Create a Holographic Wormhole Using a Quantum Computer |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-create-a-wormhole-using-a-quantum-computer-20221130/ |work=Quanta Magazine|date=30 November 2022|access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Jafferis |first1=Daniel |last2=Zlokapa |first2=Alexander |last3=Lykken |first3=Joseph D. |last4=Kolchmeyer |first4=David K. |last5=Davis |first5=Samantha I. |last6=Lauk |first6=Nikolai |last7=Neven |first7=Hartmut |last8=Spiropulu |first8=Maria |title=Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7938 |pages=51–55 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05424-3 |pmid=36450904 |bibcode=2022Natur.612...51J |s2cid=254099207 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365890516 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}
* University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Physicists observe wormhole dynamics using a quantum computer |url=https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/physicists-observe-wormhole-dynamics-using-a-quantum-computer |work=Caltech |date=30 November 2022|access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>