Editing 2022 in science (section)

===December===
[[File:Preamplifier_at_the_National_Ignition_Facility.jpg|thumb|13 December: Net energy gain in fusion power is reported at the National Ignition Facility.]]
*1 December
**Astronomers using the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] report viewing clouds, likely made of [[methane]], moving across [[Saturn]]'s moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]].<ref name="SPC-20221201">{{cite news |last=Bartels |first=Meghan |title=James Webb Space Telescope view of Saturn's weirdest moon Titan thrills scientists |url=https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-saturn-moon-titan |date=1 December 2022 |work=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=2 December 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20221205">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=Telescopes Team Up to Forecast an Alien Storm on Titan - Saturn's largest moon came under the gaze of NASA's powerful Webb space observatory, allowing it and another telescope to capture clouds drifting through Titan's methane-rich atmosphere. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/science/titan-webb-telescope-pictures.html |date=5 December 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=6 December 2022 }}</ref>
**Genomic epidemiologists report results from a global survey of [[antimicrobial resistance]] (AMR) via genomic [[wastewater-based epidemiology]], finding large regional variations, providing maps, and suggesting resistance genes are also [[Horizontal gene transfer|passed on]] between microbial species that are not closely related.<ref>{{cite news |title=Antibiotika-Resistenzen verbreiten sich offenbar anders als gedacht |url=https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten/bakterien-antibiotika-resistenzen-verbreiten-sich-offenbar-anders-als-gedacht |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=Deutschlandfunk Nova |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Munk |first1=Patrick |last2=Brinch |first2=Christian |last3=Møller |first3=Frederik Duus |last4=Petersen |first4=Thomas N. |last5=Hendriksen |first5=Rene S. |last6=Seyfarth |first6=Anne Mette |last7=Kjeldgaard |first7=Jette S. |last8=Svendsen |first8=Christina Aaby |last9=van Bunnik |first9=Bram |last10=Berglund |first10=Fanny |last11=Larsson |first11=D. G. Joakim |last12=Koopmans |first12=Marion |last13=Woolhouse |first13=Mark |last14=Aarestrup |first14=Frank M. |title=Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance |journal=Nature Communications |date=1 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7251 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34312-7 |pmid=36456547 |pmc=9715550 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7251M |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref> On 9 December, the [[WHO]]'s fifth {{tooltip|GLASS|Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System}} report summarizes 2020 data on inter-national AMR, including various new features and an interactive dashboard.<ref>{{cite news |title=Superbugs on the rise: WHO report signals increase in antibiotic resistance |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-superbugs-antibiotic-resistance.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=World Health Organization via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS) report: 2022 |url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240062702 |website=www.who.int |access-date=18 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
**Scientists report the measurement of the highest [[toughness]] ever recorded, of any material, while investigating a metallic [[alloy]] made of [[chromium]], [[cobalt]], and [[nickel]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Say Hello to the Toughest Material on Earth |url=https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2022/12/08/say-hello-to-the-toughest-material-on-earth/ |work=Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory|date=8 December 2022 |accessdate=16 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Liu |first1=Dong |last2=Yu |first2=Qin |last3=Kabra |first3=Saurabh |last4=Jiang |first4=Ming |last5=Forna-Kreutzer |first5=Paul |last6=Zhang |first6=Ruopeng |last7=Payne |first7=Madelyn |last8=Walsh |first8=Flynn |last9=Gludovatz |first9=Bernd |last10=Asta |first10=Mark |last11=Minor |first11=Andrew M. |last12=George |first12=Easo P. |last13=Ritchie |first13=Robert O. |title=Exceptional fracture toughness of CrCoNi-based medium- and high-entropy alloys at 20 kelvin |journal=Science |date=2 December 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6623 |pages=978–983 |doi=10.1126/science.abp8070 |pmid=36454850 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|arxiv=2204.01635|bibcode=2022Sci...378..978L |s2cid=247939585 }}</ref>
*4 December &ndash; Chemical engineers report a method to substantially increase conversion efficiency and reduce material costs of [[hydrogen production|green hydrogen production]] by using sound waves during [[electrolysis]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Theresa |first1=Deena |title=Engineers use sound waves to boost green hydrogen production by 14 times |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/sound-waves-boost-green-hydrogen-production |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=[[Interesting Engineering]] |date=14 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ehrnst |first1=Yemima |last2=Sherrell |first2=Peter C. |last3=Rezk |first3=Amgad R. |last4=Yeo |first4=Leslie Y. |title=Acoustically-Induced Water Frustration for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Neutral Electrolytes |journal=Advanced Energy Materials |date=4 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=2203164 |doi=10.1002/aenm.202203164 |s2cid=254299691 |language=en |issn=1614-6832}}</ref>
*5 December
**Construction begins on the [[Square Kilometer Array]], the largest telescope in history.<ref>{{cite news |title=SKA: Construction to begin on world's biggest telescope |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63836496 |date=5 December 2022 |work=BBC News |accessdate=5 December 2022 }}</ref>
**A [[scientific review|review]] summarizes current scientific data about [[cardiovascular health]] effects of a large number of [[dietary supplement]]s and [[micronutrient]]s, including with a heat map visualizing evidence quality and {{tooltip|health impact direction of each|the visualization does not show the extent of impacts and only assesses the micronutrients individually and not in combination and/or under consideration of certain ratios or ranges}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Not all micronutrients are created equal: Study identifies some supplements that benefit cardiovascular health |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-micronutrients-equal-supplements-benefit-cardiovascular.html |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=American College of Cardiology via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=An |first1=Peng |last2=Wan |first2=Sitong |last3=Luo |first3=Yongting |last4=Luo |first4=Junjie |last5=Zhang |first5=Xu |last6=Zhou |first6=Shuaishuai |last7=Xu |first7=Teng |last8=He |first8=Jingjing |last9=Mechanick |first9=Jeffrey I. |last10=Wu |first10=Wen-Chih |last11=Ren |first11=Fazheng |last12=Liu |first12=Simin |title=Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk |journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology |date=13 December 2022 |volume=80 |issue=24 |pages=2269–2285 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.048 |pmid=36480969 |s2cid=254343574 |language=en |issn=0735-1097}}</ref>
**[[Health economics|Health]]/[[Ecological economics|eco]]-economics:
***A study projects the costs of inaction on [[physical inactivity]] in terms of number of cases of [[preventive healthcare|preventable]] major [[non-communicable diseases|NCDs]] and [[healthcare system]] finances.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Santos |first1=Andreia Costa |last2=Willumsen |first2=Juana |last3=Meheus |first3=Filip |last4=Ilbawi |first4=Andre |last5=Bull |first5=Fiona C. |title=The cost of inaction on physical inactivity to public health-care systems: a population-attributable fraction analysis |journal=The Lancet Global Health |date=1 January 2023 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=e32–e39 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00464-8 |pmid=36480931 |pmc=9748301 |language=English |issn=2214-109X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
***Results of a trial investigating financial incentives for health, in particular for [[weight loss]], are reported (5 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ladapo |first1=Joseph A. |last2=Orstad |first2=Stephanie L. |last3=Wali |first3=Soma |last4=Wylie-Rosett |first4=Judith |last5=Tseng |first5=Chi-Hong |last6=Chung |first6=Un Young Rebecca |last7=Cuevas |first7=Miguel A. |last8=Hernandez |first8=Christina |last9=Parraga |first9=Susan |last10=Ponce |first10=Robert |last11=Sweat |first11=Victoria |last12=Wittleder |first12=Sandra |last13=Wallach |first13=Andrew B. |last14=Shu |first14=Suzanne B. |last15=Goldstein |first15=Noah J. |last16=Jay |first16=Melanie |title=Effectiveness of Goal-Directed and Outcome-Based Financial Incentives for Weight Loss in Primary Care Patients With Obesity Living in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: A Randomized Clinical Trial |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 January 2023 |volume=183 |issue=1 |pages=61–69 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.5618 |pmid=36469353 |pmc=9857219 |s2cid=254244529 |issn=2168-6106|pmc-embargo-date=December 5, 2023 }}</ref>
***Researchers provide first estimates of global costs of [[pollinator decline|inadequate pollination]] (14 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Smith |first1=Matthew R. |last2=Mueller |first2=Nathaniel D. |last3=Springmann |first3=Marco |last4=Sulser |first4=Timothy B. |last5=Garibaldi |first5=Lucas A. |last6=Gerber |first6=James |last7=Wiebe |first7=Keith |last8=Myers |first8=Samuel S. |title=Pollinator Deficits, Food Consumption, and Consequences for Human Health: A Modeling Study |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |year=2022 |volume=130 |issue=12 |pages=127003 |doi=10.1289/EHP10947|pmid=36515549 |pmc=9749483 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
***Results of a trial on effects of climate change impact menu [[food label|labels]] on [[fast food]] ordering choices (27 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wolfson |first1=Julia A. |last2=Musicus |first2=Aviva A. |last3=Leung |first3=Cindy W. |last4=Gearhardt |first4=Ashley N. |last5=Falbe |first5=Jennifer |title=Effect of Climate Change Impact Menu Labels on Fast Food Ordering Choices Among US Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=27 December 2022 |volume=5 |issue=12 |pages=e2248320 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.48320|pmid=36574248 |pmc=9857560 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Mapping estimated P-scores (excess deaths relative to expected deaths).webp|thumb|14 December: A [[WHO]] study comprehensively estimates [[excess deaths]] from the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] during 2020 and 2021, concluding ~14.8 million excess early deaths occurred<ref name="10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2"/>]]
*6 December
**Scientists provide a mechanistic biological explanation for why [[upper respiratory tract infection]]s are [[Respiratory tract infection#Epidemiology|more prevalent in the {{tooltip|cold or winter season|or "Seasonal variation in respiratory viral infections and the importance of ambient temperature in modulating immune responses"}}]], previously largely explained only by behavioral and environmental variations. They found [[Cold#Physiological effects|cold exposure]] impairs [[extracellular vesicle]] (EV) swarm–mediated antiviral [[Immunity (medical)|immunity]] in the [[nose]] – fewer EVs are secreted and they become less effective.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why it's easier to catch a cold, the flu or COVID in the winter |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/why-easier-catch-cold-flu-covid-winter |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=Science News |date=11 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Huang |first1=Di |last2=Taha |first2=Maie S. |last3=Nocera |first3=Angela L. |last4=Workman |first4=Alan D. |last5=Amiji |first5=Mansoor M. |last6=Bleier |first6=Benjamin S. |title=Cold exposure impairs extracellular vesicle swarm–mediated nasal antiviral immunity |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |date=6 December 2022 |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=509–525.e8 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.037 |pmid=36494212 |s2cid=254387141 |language=English |issn=0091-6749}}</ref>
**Impossible Metals announces its first [[Autonomous underwater vehicle|underwater robotic vehicle]], 'Eureka 1', has completed its first trial of selectively harvesting [[polymetallic nodule]] rocks from the seabed nearly without harming the environment (as with other [[seabed mining]]) to help address the [[climate change mitigation|rising global need]] for [[Technology-critical element|metals]] for [[renewable energy]] system components, mainly batteries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Impossible Metals demonstrates its super-careful seabed mining robot |url=https://newatlas.com/marine/seabed-mining-robot-impossible-metals/ |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=New Atlas |date=8 December 2022}}</ref>
**Researchers propose "significantly increasing freshwater through the [[Atmospheric water generator|capture of humid air]] over oceans" to address present and, especially, future [[water scarcity]]/[[water security|insecurity]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=McDonald |first1=Bob |title=Water, water, everywhere — and maybe here's how to make it drinkable |url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/water-water-everywhere-and-maybe-here-s-how-to-make-it-drinkable-1.6703854 |access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rahman |first1=Afeefa |last2=Kumar |first2=Praveen |last3=Dominguez |first3=Francina |title=Increasing freshwater supply to sustainably address global water security at scale |journal=Scientific Reports |date=6 December 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=20262 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-24314-2 |pmid=36473864 |pmc=9726751 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1220262R |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Researchers propose new structures to harvest untapped source of freshwater |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-12-harvest-untapped-source-freshwater.html |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign via techxplore.com|language=en}}</ref>
** [[Emulate]] researchers assess advantages of using [[Organ-on-a-chip|liver-chips]] predicting [[drug-induced liver injury]] which could reduce the high costs and time needed in [[drug development]] [[workflow]]s/[[Drug pipeline|pipelines]], sometimes described as the [[pharmaceutical industry]]'s "productivity crisis".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Nahle |first1=Zaher |title=A proof-of-concept study poised to remodel the drug development process |journal=Frontiers in Medical Technology |doi=10.3389/fmedt.2022.1053588 |date=2022|volume=4 |pmid=36590153 |pmc=9800902 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ewart |first1=Lorna |last2=Apostolou |first2=Athanasia |last3=Briggs |first3=Skyler A. |last4=Carman |first4=Christopher V. |last5=Chaff |first5=Jake T. |last6=Heng |first6=Anthony R. |last7=Jadalannagari |first7=Sushma |last8=Janardhanan |first8=Jeshina |last9=Jang |first9=Kyung-Jin |last10=Joshipura |first10=Sannidhi R. |last11=Kadam |first11=Mahika M. |last12=Kanellias |first12=Marianne |last13=Kujala |first13=Ville J. |last14=Kulkarni |first14=Gauri |last15=Le |first15=Christopher Y. |last16=Lucchesi |first16=Carolina |last17=Manatakis |first17=Dimitris V. |last18=Maniar |first18=Kairav K. |last19=Quinn |first19=Meaghan E. |last20=Ravan |first20=Joseph S. |last21=Rizos |first21=Ann Catherine |last22=Sauld |first22=John F. K. |last23=Sliz |first23=Josiah D. |last24=Tien-Street |first24=William |last25=Trinidad |first25=Dennis Ramos |last26=Velez |first26=James |last27=Wendell |first27=Max |last28=Irrechukwu |first28=Onyi |last29=Mahalingaiah |first29=Prathap Kumar |last30=Ingber |first30=Donald E. |last31=Scannell |first31=Jack W. |last32=Levner |first32=Daniel |title=Performance assessment and economic analysis of a human Liver-Chip for predictive toxicology |journal=Communications Medicine |date=6 December 2022 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=154 |doi=10.1038/s43856-022-00209-1 |pmid=36473994 |pmc=9727064 |language=en |issn=2730-664X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**An astronomer concludes that the first [[interstellar travel|interstellar]] probe to transit between [[extraterrestrial intelligence|two civilizations]] is not likely to be the civilization's earliest but a more advanced one as (at least) the departure speed is thought to (likely) improve for at least some duration per each [[civilization]], which may be relevant to the interpretation of [[Unidentified Aerial Phenomena|UAP]] via their "flight characteristics".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Kiona |title=The first alien probes to reach us may be way more advanced than we expect |url=https://www.inverse.com/science/advanced-alien-probe |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=Inverse |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Smith |first1=Graeme H. |title=On the first probe to transit between two interstellar civilizations |journal=International Journal of Astrobiology |date=n.d. |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=185–196 |doi=10.1017/S1473550422000428 |bibcode=2023IJAsB..22..185S |s2cid=254395958 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/abs/on-the-first-probe-to-transit-between-two-interstellar-civilizations/00AEDC0E153C45A576DE78EFA5E2F85A |language=en |issn=1473-5504|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*7 December
**Scientists report that two-million years old [[genetic material]] was found in [[Greenland]], and is currently considered the [[Ancient DNA|oldest DNA]] discovered so far.<ref name="NYT-20221207">{{cite news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |authorlink=Carl Zimmer |title=Oldest Known DNA Offers Glimpse of a Once-Lush Arctic - In Greenland's permafrost, scientists discovered two-million-year-old genetic material from scores of plant and animal species, including mastodons, geese, lemmings and ants. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/07/science/oldest-dna-greenland-species.html |date=7 December 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=7 December 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NAT-20221207">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Kjær, Kurt H. |display-authors=et al. |title=A 2-million-year-old ecosystem in Greenland uncovered by environmental DNA |date=7 December 2022 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=612 |issue=7939 |pages=283–291 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05453-y |pmid=36477129 |pmc=9729109 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..283K }}</ref>
**Scientists propose a new [[supergroup (biology)|supergroup]] of [[eukaryote]]s, termed [[Provora]] – [[predator]]s of other microorganisms which have been overlooked due to numerical rarity.<ref>{{cite news |title=New branch on tree of life includes 'lions of the microbial world' |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-tree-life-lions-microbial-world.html |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=University of British Columbia via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tikhonenkov |first1=Denis V. |last2=Mikhailov |first2=Kirill V. |last3=Gawryluk |first3=Ryan M. R. |last4=Belyaev |first4=Artem O. |last5=Mathur |first5=Varsha |last6=Karpov |first6=Sergey A. |last7=Zagumyonnyi |first7=Dmitry G. |last8=Borodina |first8=Anastasia S. |last9=Prokina |first9=Kristina I. |last10=Mylnikov |first10=Alexander P. |last11=Aleoshin |first11=Vladimir V. |last12=Keeling |first12=Patrick J. |title=Microbial predators form a new supergroup of eukaryotes |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7941 |pages=714–719 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05511-5 |pmid=36477531 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..714T |s2cid=254436650 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05511-5 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*8 December
**Astronomers report in a [[preprint]] the possible detection of the earliest first stars, technically referred to as [[Population III]] stars.<ref name="QUANT-20230130">{{cite news |last=Callaghan |first=Jonathan |title=Astronomers Say They Have Spotted the Universe's First Stars - Theory has it that "Population III" stars brought light to the cosmos. The James Webb Space Telescope may have just glimpsed them. |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/astronomers-say-they-have-spotted-the-universes-first-stars-20230130/ |date=30 January 2023 |work=[[Quanta Magazine]] |accessdate=31 January 2023 }}</ref><ref name="ARX-20221208">{{cite arXiv |author=Wang, Xin |display-authors=et al. |title=A strong He II λ1640 emitter with extremely blue UV spectral slope at z=8.16: presence of Pop III stars? |date=8 December 2022 |class=astro-ph.GA |eprint=2212.04476 }}</ref>
**In a [[paywall]]ed article, American scientists propose [[policy]]-based measures to reduce large [[biosafety|risks from life sciences research]] – such as [[Pandemic prevention#Biosafety technologies and biotechnology regulation|pandemics through accident or misapplication]]. [[Risk management]] measures may include novel [[global governance|international guidelines]], effective oversight, improvement of US policies to influence policies globally, and identification of gaps in [[biosecurity]] policies along with potential approaches to address them.<ref>{{cite web |title=Forschung an Krankheitserregern soll sicherer werden |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/forschung-an-krankheitserregern-soll-sicherer-werden/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=17 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pannu |first1=Jaspreet |last2=Palmer |first2=Megan J. |last3=Cicero |first3=Anita |last4=Relman |first4=David A. |last5=Lipsitch |first5=Marc |last6=Inglesby |first6=Tom |title=Strengthen oversight of risky research on pathogens |journal=Science |date=16 December 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6625 |pages=1170–1172 |doi=10.1126/science.adf6020 |pmid=36480598 |bibcode=2022Sci...378.1170P |s2cid=254998228 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf6020 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Stanford Researchers Recommend Stronger Oversight of Risky Research on Pathogens|url=https://fsi.stanford.edu/news/stanford-researchers-recommend-stronger-oversight-risky-research-pathogens |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=Stanford University |language=en}}</ref>
*9 December
**Researchers report the development of a [[blood test]], {{tooltip|SOBA|soluble oligomer binding assay}}, for [[Alzheimer's disease#Diagnosis|Alzheimer's screening]] via levels of toxic [[amyloid beta]] [[oligomer]]s with [[sensitivity and specificity]] of apparently 99%.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grimes |first1=Brittney |title=A novel blood test can detect Alzheimer's disease early |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/a-novel-blood-test-can-detect-alzheimers-disease-early |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=[[Interesting Engineering]] |date=8 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Shea |first1=Dylan |last2=Colasurdo |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Smith |first3=Alec |last4=Paschall |first4=Courtnie |last5=Jayadev |first5=Suman |last6=Keene |first6=C. Dirk |last7=Galasko |first7=Douglas |last8=Ko |first8=Andrew |last9=Li |first9=Ge |last10=Peskind |first10=Elaine |last11=Daggett |first11=Valerie |title=SOBA: Development and testing of a soluble oligomer binding assay for detection of amyloidogenic toxic oligomers |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=13 December 2022 |volume=119 |issue=50 |pages=e2213157119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2213157119 |pmid=36490316 |pmc=9897489 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11913157S |s2cid=254518036 |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref> On 27 December, a separate study reports another well-performing blood test to detect Alzheimer's disease via [[biomarker]] brain-derived [[Tau protein|tau]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Scientists develop blood test for Alzheimer's disease |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/dec/28/scientists-develop-blood-test-for-alzheimers-disease |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=28 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gonzalez-Ortiz |first1=Fernando |last2=Turton |first2=Michael |last3=Kac |first3=Przemysław R |last4=Smirnov |first4=Denis |last5=Premi |first5=Enrico |last6=Ghidoni |first6=Roberta |last7=Benussi |first7=Luisa |last8=Cantoni |first8=Valentina |last9=Saraceno |first9=Claudia |last10=Rivolta |first10=Jasmine |last11=Ashton |first11=Nicholas J |last12=Borroni |first12=Barbara |last13=Galasko |first13=Douglas |last14=Harrison |first14=Peter |last15=Zetterberg |first15=Henrik |last16=Blennow |first16=Kaj |last17=Karikari |first17=Thomas K |title=Brain-derived tau: a novel blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease-type neurodegeneration |journal=Brain |date=27 December 2022 |volume=146 |issue=3 |pages=1152–1165 |doi=10.1093/brain/awac407|pmid=36572122 |pmc=9976981 }}</ref>
**[[Life extension|Anti-aging]] research:
***A study indicates that [[aging]] shifts activity toward short genes or shorter transcript length and that this can be countered by interventions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kwon |first1=Diana |title=Aging Is Linked to More Activity in Short Genes Than in Long Genes |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/aging-is-linked-to-more-activity-in-short-genes-than-in-long-genes/ |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Stoeger |first1=Thomas |last2=Grant |first2=Rogan A. |last3=McQuattie-Pimentel |first3=Alexandra C. |last4=Anekalla |first4=Kishore R. |last5=Liu |first5=Sophia S. |last6=Tejedor-Navarro |first6=Heliodoro |last7=Singer |first7=Benjamin D. |last8=Abdala-Valencia |first8=Hiam |last9=Schwake |first9=Michael |last10=Tetreault |first10=Marie-Pier |last11=Perlman |first11=Harris |last12=Balch |first12=William E. |last13=Chandel |first13=Navdeep S. |last14=Ridge |first14=Karen M. |last15=Sznajder |first15=Jacob I. |last16=Morimoto |first16=Richard I. |last17=Misharin |first17=Alexander V. |last18=Budinger |first18=G. R. Scott |last19=Nunes Amaral |first19=Luis A. |title=Aging is associated with a systemic length-associated transcriptome imbalance |journal=Nature Aging |date=December 2022 |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=1191–1206 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00317-6 |pmid=37118543 |pmc=10154227 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|doi-access=free}}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Aging is driven by unbalanced genes, finds AI analysis of multiple species |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-aging-driven-unbalanced-genes-ai.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=[[Northwestern University]] via phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
***A [[paywall]]ed study reports higher percentage of [[Human diet|daily energy consumption]] of [[ultra-processed foods]], such as white bread or instant noodles, was associated [[Convenience food#Environmental and health concerns|with faster cognitive decline]] in aging. Differences can be as large or larger than a 28% faster rate of global [[cognitive decline]] (5 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |last1=LaMotte |first1=Sandee |title=Dementia risk may increase if you're eating these foods, study says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/05/health/dementia-ultraprocessed-food-wellness/index.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=CNN |date=5 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gomes Gonçalves |first1=Natalia |last2=Vidal Ferreira |first2=Naomi |last3=Khandpur |first3=Neha |last4=Martinez Steele |first4=Euridice |last5=Bertazzi Levy |first5=Renata |last6=Andrade Lotufo |first6=Paulo |last7=Bensenor |first7=Isabela M. |last8=Caramelli |first8=Paulo |last9=Alvim de Matos |first9=Sheila Maria |last10=Marchioni |first10=Dirce M. |last11=Suemoto |first11=Claudia Kimie |title=Association Between Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods and Cognitive Decline |journal=JAMA Neurology |date=5 December 2022 |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=142–150 |doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4397 |pmid=36469335 |pmc=9857155 |s2cid=254245281 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/2799140 |url-access=subscription |issn=2168-6149|pmc-embargo-date=December 5, 2023 }}</ref>
***Scientists report that [[sphingolipid]]s accumulate in muscle [[Muscle atrophy#Sarcopenia|during aging]] whose genetic inhibition or [[ceramide]]-blockers such as [[myriocin]] could counteract, reducing associated [[muscle loss]]<!--and generally improving muscle health--> (16 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |title=Ceramides found to be key in aging muscle health |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-ceramides-key-aging-muscle-health.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Laurila |first1=Pirkka-Pekka |last2=Wohlwend |first2=Martin |last3=Imamura de Lima |first3=Tanes |last4=Luan |first4=Peiling |last5=Herzig |first5=Sébastien |last6=Zanou |first6=Nadège |last7=Crisol |first7=Barbara |last8=Bou-Sleiman |first8=Maroun |last9=Porcu |first9=Eleonora |last10=Gallart-Ayala |first10=Hector |last11=Handzlik |first11=Michal K. |last12=Wang |first12=Qi |last13=Jain |first13=Suresh |last14=D'Amico |first14=Davide |last15=Salonen |first15=Minna |last16=Metallo |first16=Christian M. |last17=Kutalik |first17=Zoltan |last18=Eichmann |first18=Thomas O. |last19=Place |first19=Nicolas |last20=Ivanisevic |first20=Julijana |last21=Lahti |first21=Jari |last22=Eriksson |first22=Johan G. |last23=Auwerx |first23=Johan |title=Sphingolipids accumulate in aged muscle, and their reduction counteracts sarcopenia |journal=Nature Aging |date=December 2022 |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=1159–1175 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00309-6 |pmid=37118545 |s2cid=254819305 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-022-00309-6 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
***By stimulating (or charging) genetically engineered [[C. elegans|roundworm]] mitochondria [[optogenetics|with light]], researchers show that halting the decline in [[mitochondria]]l [[membrane potential]] can slow aging<!-- (or that such a decline contributes to aging)--> (30 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Firtina |first1=Nergis |title=Roundworms' anti-aging could help researchers to stop human aging |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/roundworms-could-help-stop-aging |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=2 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Berry |first1=Brandon J. |last2=Vodičková |first2=Anežka |last3=Müller-Eigner |first3=Annika |last4=Meng |first4=Chen |last5=Ludwig |first5=Christina |last6=Kaeberlein |first6=Matt |last7=Peleg |first7=Shahaf |last8=Wojtovich |first8=Andrew P. |title=Optogenetic rejuvenation of mitochondrial membrane potential extends C. elegans lifespan |journal=Nature Aging |date=30 December 2022 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=157–161 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00340-7 |pmid=36873708 |pmc=9980297 |biorxiv=10.1101/2022.05.11.491574 |s2cid=248815258 |language=en |issn=2662-8465}}
* University press release: {{cite news |title=Solar-powered cells: Light-activated proton pumps generate cellular energy, extend life |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-solar-powered-cells-light-activated-proton-generate.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=[[University of Rochester Medical Center]] via phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
**Researchers report the development of 3D-printed [[flexible electronics|flexible]] [[Thin-film solar cell|paper-thin organic photovoltaics]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wells |first1=Sarah |title=Hair-thin solar cells could turn any surface into a power source |url=https://www.inverse.com/innovation/ultra-thin-solar-cells |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=Inverse |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Saravanapavanantham |first1=Mayuran |last2=Mwaura |first2=Jeremiah |last3=Bulović |first3=Vladimir |title=Printed Organic Photovoltaic Modules on Transferable Ultra-thin Substrates as Additive Power Sources |journal=Small Methods |date=January 2023 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=2200940 |doi=10.1002/smtd.202200940 |pmid=36482828 |s2cid=254524625 |language=en |issn=2366-9608}}</ref>
*12 December &ndash; Scientists describe a new method to break up so-called "[[forever chemicals]]" by infusing contaminated water with hydrogen, then blasting it with high-energy, short-wavelength ultraviolet light.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pollution cleanup method destroys toxic "forever chemicals" |url=https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2022/12/12/pollution-cleanup-method-destroys-toxic-forever-chemicals |work=[[University of California]]|date=12 December 2022 |accessdate=19 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chen |first1=Gongde |last2=Liu |first2=Sitao |last3=Shi |first3=Qingyang |last4=Gan |first4=Jay |last5=Jin |first5=Bosen |last6=Men |first6=Yujie |last7=Liu |first7=Haizhou |title=Hydrogen-polarized vacuum ultraviolet photolysis system for enhanced destruction of perfluoroalkyl substances |journal=Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters |date=1 November 2022 |volume=3 |pages=100072 |doi=10.1016/j.hazl.2022.100072 |s2cid=253432498 |language=en |issn=2666-9110}}</ref>
*13 December
**The Newborn Genomes Programme is announced by the UK government. It will conduct [[whole genome sequencing]] of 100,000 newborns, the largest study of its kind in the world, to aid research into the diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic conditions.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-63906892|title=100,000 babies to have genetic code mapped|work=BBC News |date=13 December 2022|accessdate=13 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/over-175-million-for-cutting-edge-genomics-research|title=Over £175 million for cutting-edge genomics research|date=13 December 2022|accessdate=13 December 2022|via=Gov.uk}}</ref>
**In a major milestone for the field, scientists at the [[National Ignition Facility]] report a net energy gain in the development of [[fusion power]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Breakthrough in nuclear fusion energy announced |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63950962 |date=13 December 2022 |work=BBC News |accessdate=13 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= National Ignition Facility achieves fusion ignition  |url=https://www.llnl.gov/news/national-ignition-facility-achieves-fusion-ignition |date=13 December 2022 |work=Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |accessdate=13 December 2022 }}</ref>
**[[COVID-19 pandemic]]: A study finds that the [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant#BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 2|BQ]] and [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant#XBB and XBB.1|XBB]] subvariants of [[SARS-CoV-2]] are "barely susceptible to neutralization" by [[COVID-19 vaccine|vaccines]], including the new [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron]] boosters. Key antibody drugs, [[Tixagevimab/cilgavimab|Evusheld]] and [[bebtelovimab]], are "completely inactive" against the new subvariants. This could result in a surge of [[breakthrough infection]]s and reinfections, according to the study team, although the vaccines hold up against severe disease.<ref>they {{cite news |title=Omicron BQ, XBB subvariants are a serious threat to boosters and knock out antibody treatments, study finds |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/14/covid-news-bq-xbb-omicron-subvariants-pose-serious-threat-to-boosters.html |work=CNBC |date=14 December 2022 |accessdate=15 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Alarming antibody evasion properties of rising SARS-CoV-2 BQ and XBB subvariants |url=https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)01531-8 |work=[[Cell (journal)|Cell]] |date=13 December 2022 |accessdate=15 December 2022 }}</ref>
**A study systematically assesses [[Advice (opinion)|advice]] given by professional [[general practitioner]]s, typically in the form of verbal-only [[Doctor's visit|consultation]], for [[weight-loss]] to [[obesity|obese]] patients. They found it rarely included effective methods, was mostly generic, and was rarely tailored to patients' existing knowledge and behaviours.<ref>{{cite news |title=People may not always get helpful weight loss advice from their doctors, study finds |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/people-helpful-weight-loss-advice-doctors-study-finds/story?id=95158403 |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=ABC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tremblett |first1=Madeleine |last2=Poon |first2=Annabel Y X |last3=Aveyard |first3=Paul |last4=Albury |first4=Charlotte |title=What advice do general practitioners give to people living with obesity to lose weight? A qualitative content analysis of recorded interactions |journal=Family Practice |date=13 December 2022 |pages=cmac137 |doi=10.1093/fampra/cmac137|pmid=36510443 }}</ref>
*14 December
**A [[WHO]] study comprehensively estimates [[excess deaths]] from the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] during 2020 and 2021, concluding ~14.8 million excess early deaths occurred, reaffirming their prior calculations from May as well as updating them, addressing criticisms. These numbers do not include measures like [[years of potential life lost]], far exceed the 5.42 million officially reported deaths, may make COVID-19 2021's [[List of causes of death by rate|leading cause of death]], and are similar to the ~18 million estimated by another study {{see above|[[#March|10 Mar]]}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nearly 15 million excess deaths occurred globally in 2020 and 2021 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2351763-nearly-15-million-excess-deaths-occurred-globally-in-2020-and-2021/ |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Globale Übersterblichkeit durch COVID-19 |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/globale-uebersterblichkeit-durch-covid-19/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=17 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Msemburi |first1=William |last2=Karlinsky |first2=Ariel |last3=Knutson |first3=Victoria |last4=Aleshin-Guendel |first4=Serge |last5=Chatterji |first5=Somnath |last6=Wakefield |first6=Jon |title=The WHO estimates of excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic |journal=Nature |date=January 2023 |volume=613 |issue=7942 |pages=130–137 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2 |pmid=36517599 |pmc=9812776 |bibcode=2023Natur.613..130M |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**[[Microbiome]] research:
***Researchers report the discovery of a gut–brain connection in mice that regulates [[motivation]] for exercise and can enhance performance by augmenting [[dopamine]] signalling [[Neurobiological effects of physical exercise|during physical activity]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Your gut bacteria may influence how motivated you are to exercise |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2351527-your-gut-bacteria-may-influence-how-motivated-you-are-to-exercise/ |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dohnalová |first1=Lenka |last2=Lundgren |first2=Patrick |last3=Carty |first3=Jamie R. E. |last4=Goldstein |first4=Nitsan |last5=Wenski |first5=Sebastian L. |last6=Nanudorn |first6=Pakjira |last7=Thiengmag |first7=Sirinthra |last8=Huang |first8=Kuei-Pin |last9=Litichevskiy |first9=Lev |last10=Descamps |first10=Hélène C. |last11=Chellappa |first11=Karthikeyani |last12=Glassman |first12=Ana |last13=Kessler |first13=Susanne |last14=Kim |first14=Jihee |last15=Cox |first15=Timothy O. |last16=Dmitrieva-Posocco |first16=Oxana |last17=Wong |first17=Andrea C. |last18=Allman |first18=Erik L. |last19=Ghosh |first19=Soumita |last20=Sharma |first20=Nitika |last21=Sengupta |first21=Kasturi |last22=Cornes |first22=Belinda |last23=Dean |first23=Nitai |last24=Churchill |first24=Gary A. |last25=Khurana |first25=Tejvir S. |last26=Sellmyer |first26=Mark A. |last27=FitzGerald |first27=Garret A. |last28=Patterson |first28=Andrew D. |last29=Baur |first29=Joseph A. |last30=Alhadeff |first30=Amber L. |last31=Helfrich |first31=Eric J. N. |last32=Levy |first32=Maayan |last33=Betley |first33=J. Nicholas |last34=Thaiss |first34=Christoph A. |title=A microbiome-dependent gut–brain pathway regulates motivation for exercise |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7941 |pages=739–747 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05525-z |pmid=36517598 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..739D |s2cid=254729201 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366275426 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
***A [[microbiome-wide association study]] associates thirteen microbial taxa with [[Mood disorder|depressive]] symptoms (6 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |title=Two studies deliver strong evidence linking depression and gut bacteria |url=https://newatlas.com/health-wellbeing/new-evidence-microbiome-depression-gut-bacteria/ |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=New Atlas |date=8 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Radjabzadeh |first1=Djawad |last2=Bosch |first2=Jos A. |last3=Uitterlinden |first3=André G. |last4=Zwinderman |first4=Aeilko H. |last5=Ikram |first5=M. Arfan |last6=van Meurs |first6=Joyce B. J. |last7=Luik |first7=Annemarie I. |last8=Nieuwdorp |first8=Max |last9=Lok |first9=Anja |last10=van Duijn |first10=Cornelia M. |last11=Kraaij |first11=Robert |last12=Amin |first12=Najaf |title=Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms |journal=Nature Communications |date=6 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7128 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34502-3 |pmid=36473852 |pmc=9726982 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7128R |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
***Scientists report that and how – including [[Horizontal gene transfer|transfer]] of [[mobile genetic elements]] and infant diet<!--([[breastmilk]])--> – the maternal microbiome shapes offspring gut microbiomes as [[fetal development|fetus]] and infant (22 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |title=Horizontal gene transfer from mother to infant influences gut microbiome assembly, neurodevelopment, and immune maturation in infants |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20221229/Horizontal-gene-transfer-from-mother-to-infant-influences-gut-microbiome-assembly-neurodevelopment-and-immune-maturation-in-infants.aspx |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=News-Medical.net |date=29 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vatanen |first1=Tommi |last2=Jabbar |first2=Karolina S. |last3=Ruohtula |first3=Terhi |last4=Honkanen |first4=Jarno |last5=Avila-Pacheco |first5=Julian |last6=Siljander |first6=Heli |last7=Stražar |first7=Martin |last8=Oikarinen |first8=Sami |last9=Hyöty |first9=Heikki |last10=Ilonen |first10=Jorma |last11=Mitchell |first11=Caroline M. |last12=Yassour |first12=Moran |last13=Virtanen |first13=Suvi M. |last14=Clish |first14=Clary B. |last15=Plichta |first15=Damian R. |last16=Vlamakis |first16=Hera |last17=Knip |first17=Mikael |last18=Xavier |first18=Ramnik J. |title=Mobile genetic elements from the maternal microbiome shape infant gut microbial assembly and metabolism |journal=Cell |date=22 December 2022 |volume=185 |issue=26 |pages=4921–4936.e15 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.023 |pmid=36563663 |pmc=9869402 |s2cid=254961038 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|pmc-embargo-date=December 22, 2023 }}</ref>
**A first global [[scientific review|review]] summarizes scarce data on a likely largely declining "[[experience]] of nature" and [[Nature connectedness|nature-disconnection]] which prior studies suggest have impacts on health and proenvironmental behavior.<ref>{{cite news |title=Humans and nature: The distance between the two is growing |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-humans-nature-distance.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cazalis |first1=Victor |last2=Loreau |first2=Michel |last3=Barragan-Jason |first3=Gladys |title=A global synthesis of trends in human experience of nature |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |date=14 December 2022 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=85–93 |doi=10.1002/fee.2540 |s2cid=254711457 |language=en |issn=1540-9295}}</ref>
**A university reports on the first study (25 Oct) of the new [[online privacy|privacy]]-intrusion [[Web tracking]] technique of "[[User identifier|UID]] smuggling" by the [[advertising industry|ad industry]], which finds it to be prevalent and largely not mitigated by latest protection tools – such as [[Firefox]]'s tracking protection and [[uBlock Origin]] – and contributes to countermeasures.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Randall |first1=Audrey |last2=Snyder |first2=Peter |last3=Ukani |first3=Alisha |last4=Snoeren |first4=Alex C. |last5=Voelker |first5=Geoffrey M. |last6=Savage |first6=Stefan |last7=Schulman |first7=Aaron |title=Measuring UID smuggling in the wild |journal=Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference |date=25 October 2022 |pages=230–243 |doi=10.1145/3517745.3561415 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|isbn=9781450392594 |s2cid=250494286 }}</ref>
*15 December
**Astronomers find that a pair of exoplanets orbiting the red dwarf star [[Kepler-138]] are likely to be [[Ocean world|water worlds]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Montreal astronomers find that two exoplanets may be mostly water |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/974220? |work=EurekAlert!|date=15 December 2022 |accessdate=16 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Piaulet |first1=Caroline |last2=Benneke |first2=Björn |last3=Almenara |first3=Jose M. |last4=Dragomir |first4=Diana |last5=Knutson |first5=Heather A. |last6=Thorngren |first6=Daniel |last7=Peterson |first7=Merrin S. |last8=Crossfield |first8=Ian J. M. |last9=M. -R. Kempton |first9=Eliza |last10=Kubyshkina |first10=Daria |last11=Howard |first11=Andrew W. |last12=Angus |first12=Ruth |last13=Isaacson |first13=Howard |last14=Weiss |first14=Lauren M. |last15=Beichman |first15=Charles A. |last16=Fortney |first16=Jonathan J. |last17=Fossati |first17=Luca |last18=Lammer |first18=Helmut |last19=McCullough |first19=P. R. |last20=Morley |first20=Caroline V. |last21=Wong |first21=Ian |title=Evidence for the volatile-rich composition of a 1.5-Earth-radius planet |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=15 December 2022 |volume=7 |page=206 |doi=10.1038/s41550-022-01835-4 |language=en |issn=2397-3366|arxiv=2212.08477|bibcode=2023NatAs...7..206P |s2cid=254764810 }}</ref>
**News reports about the development (22 Oct) in China of an edible, plant-based ink derived from food waste, which could be used in [[bioprinting|3D printing]] of scaffolds to reduce the cost of [[cultured meat]].<ref>{{cite news |title=New 3D-printing ink could make cultured meat more cost-effective |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/974548 |work=EurekAlert!|date=15 December 2022 |accessdate=16 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Su |first1=Lingshan |last2=Jing |first2=Linzhi |last3=Zeng |first3=Xianjian |last4=Chen |first4=Tong |last5=Liu |first5=Hang |last6=Kong |first6=Yan |last7=Wang |first7=Xiang |last8=Yang |first8=Xin |last9=Fu |first9=Caili |last10=Sun |first10=Jie |last11=Huang |first11=Dejian |title=3D-Printed Prolamin Scaffolds for Cell-Based Meat Culture |journal=Advanced Materials |date=January 2023 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=2207397 |doi=10.1002/adma.202207397|pmid=36271729 |s2cid=253063461 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364640622|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**Promising results of therapeutic [[drug development|candidates]] are reported:<br/> [[Phases of clinical research|phase 2-trialed]] talquetamab against [[multiple myeloma]] (10&15 Dec),<ref>{{cite news |title=Experimental cancer therapy shows success in more than 70% of patients in global clinical trials |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-experimental-cancer-therapy-success-patients.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=The Mount Sinai Hospital via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chari |first1=Ajai |last2=Minnema |first2=Monique C. |last3=Berdeja |first3=Jesus G. |last4=Oriol |first4=Albert |last5=van de Donk |first5=Niels W.C.J. |last6=Rodríguez-Otero |first6=Paula |last7=Askari |first7=Elham |last8=Mateos |first8=María-Victoria |last9=Costa |first9=Luciano J. |last10=Caers |first10=Jo |last11=Verona |first11=Raluca |last12=Girgis |first12=Suzette |last13=Yang |first13=Shiyi |last14=Goldsmith |first14=Rachel B. |last15=Yao |first15=Xiang |last16=Pillarisetti |first16=Kodandaram |last17=Hilder |first17=Brandi W. |last18=Russell |first18=Jeffery |last19=Goldberg |first19=Jenna D. |last20=Krishnan |first20=Amrita |title=Talquetamab, a T-Cell–Redirecting GPRC5D Bispecific Antibody for Multiple Myeloma |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=15 December 2022 |volume=387 |issue=24 |pages=2232–2244 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2204591 |pmid=36507686 |s2cid=254560960 |language=en |issn=0028-4793}}</ref> a phase 1-trialed [[HIV vaccine]] (2 Dec),<ref>{{cite news |title=Vaccine prompts HIV antibodies in 97 per cent of people in small study |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2349475-vaccine-prompts-hiv-antibodies-in-97-per-cent-of-people-in-small-study/ |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Leggat |first1=David J. |last2=Cohen |first2=Kristen W. |last3=Willis |first3=Jordan R. |display-authors=et al. |title=Vaccination induces HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans |journal=Science |date=2 December 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6623 |pages=eadd6502 |doi=10.1126/science.add6502 |pmid=36454825 |s2cid=254150150 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add6502 |url-access=subscription|language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> mice-tested Pillar[6]MaxQ against [[methamphetamine|meth]] and [[fentanyl]] [[drug overdose]]s (15 Dec),<ref>{{cite news |title=Scientists create chemical compound that can reverse effects of methamphetamine and fentanyl |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-scientists-chemical-compound-reverse-effects.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=[[University of Maryland]] via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Brockett |first1=Adam T. |last2=Xue |first2=Weijian |last3=King |first3=David |last4=Deng |first4=Chun-Lin |last5=Zhai |first5=Canjia |last6=Shuster |first6=Michael |last7=Rastogi |first7=Shivangi |last8=Briken |first8=Volker |last9=Roesch |first9=Matthew R. |last10=Isaacs |first10=Lyle |title=Pillar[6]MaxQ: A potent supramolecular host for in vivo sequestration of methamphetamine and fentanyl |journal=Chem |date=15 December 2022 |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=881–900 |doi=10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.019 |s2cid=254771195 |url=https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/62c6e4cffb638167e6cfeb36 |language=English |issn=2451-9294}}</ref> first approval of a trialed [[animal vaccine|honeybee vaccine]] against [[American foulbrood]] (29 Dec),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sottile |first1=Zoe |title=The first-ever vaccine for honeybees has been approved by the USDA |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/07/us/honeybee-vaccine-usda-approval-scn-trnd/index.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=CNN |date=7 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dickel |first1=Franziska |last2=Bos |first2=Nick Maria Peter |last3=Hughes |first3=Huw |last4=Martín-Hernández |first4=Raquel |last5=Higes |first5=Mariano |last6=Kleiser |first6=Annette |last7=Freitak |first7=Dalial |title=The oral vaccination with Paenibacillus larvae bacterin can decrease susceptibility to American Foulbrood infection in honey bees—A safety and efficacy study |journal=Frontiers in Veterinary Science |date=2022 |volume=9 |page=946237 |doi=10.3389/fvets.2022.946237 |pmid=36325099 |pmc=9618583 |issn=2297-1769|doi-access=free}}</ref> a mice-tested triple [[combination therapy]] against [[pancreatic cancer]] of [[immunotherapy]] medications undergoing trials as [[monotherapy|monotherapies]] (30 Dec).<ref>{{cite news |title=Study discovers triple immunotherapy combination as possible treatment for pancreatic cancer |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-triple-immunotherapy-combination-treatment-pancreatic.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gulhati |first1=Pat |last2=Schalck |first2=Aislyn |last3=Jiang |first3=Shan |last4=Shang |first4=Xiaoying |last5=Wu |first5=Chang-Jiun |last6=Hou |first6=Pingping |last7=Ruiz |first7=Sharia Hernandez |last8=Soto |first8=Luisa Solis |last9=Parra |first9=Edwin |last10=Ying |first10=Haoqiang |last11=Han |first11=Jincheng |last12=Dey |first12=Prasenjit |last13=Li |first13=Jun |last14=Deng |first14=Pingna |last15=Sei |first15=Emi |last16=Maeda |first16=Dean Y. |last17=Zebala |first17=John A. |last18=Spring |first18=Denise J. |last19=Kim |first19=Michael |last20=Wang |first20=Huamin |last21=Maitra |first21=Anirban |last22=Moore |first22=Dirk |last23=Clise-Dwyer |first23=Karen |last24=Wang |first24=Y. Alan |last25=Navin |first25=Nicholas E. |last26=DePinho |first26=Ronald A. |title=Targeting T cell checkpoints 41BB and LAG3 and myeloid cell CXCR1/CXCR2 results in antitumor immunity and durable response in pancreatic cancer |journal=Nature Cancer |date=30 December 2022 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=62–80 |doi=10.1038/s43018-022-00500-z |pmid=36585453 |pmc=9925045 |s2cid=255330738 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43018-022-00500-z |language=en |issn=2662-1347|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*19 December &ndash; A new world record [[Solar-cell efficiency|solar cell efficiency]] for a silicon-perovskite [[Multi-junction solar cell|tandem solar cell]] is achieved, with scientists in Germany converting 32.5% of sunlight into electrical energy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tandem solar cell achieves 32.5 percent efficiency |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/12/221219164845.htm |work=Science Daily|date=19 December 2022 |accessdate=21 December 2022 }}</ref>
*20 December &ndash; [[OpenAI]] releases Point-E, a machine learning system that can [[generative design|generate]] 3D models from text prompts ([[Artificial intelligence art|text-to-3D]]),<ref>{{cite news |title=OpenAI releases Point-E, an AI that generates 3D models |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/20/openai-releases-point-e-an-ai-that-generates-3d-models/ |work=Tech Crunch|date=20 December 2022 |accessdate=20 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite arXiv |last1=Nichol |first1=Alex |last2=Jun |first2=Heewoo |last3=Dhariwal |first3=Prafulla |last4=Mishkin |first4=Pamela |last5=Chen |first5=Mark |title=Point-E: A System for Generating 3D Point Clouds from Complex Prompts |date=16 December 2022 |class=cs.CV |eprint=2212.08751}}</ref> similar to previously released GET3D<ref name="time3d">{{cite magazine |title=What ChatGPT Could Mean for the Metaverse |url=https://time.com/6250249/chatgpt-metaverse/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rapidly Generate 3D Assets for Virtual Worlds with Generative AI |url=https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/rapidly-generate-3d-assets-for-virtual-worlds-with-generative-ai/ |website=NVIDIA Technical Blog |access-date=2 February 2023 |date=3 January 2023}}</ref> and Magic3D<ref>{{cite news |last1=Edwards |first1=Benj |title=3D for everyone? Nvidia's Magic3D can generate 3D models from text |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/11/nvidias-magic3d-creates-3d-models-from-written-descriptions-thanks-to-ai/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |work=Ars Technica |date=21 November 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref> by Nvidia and DreamFusion by Google.<ref name="time3d"/>
*22 December
**A network model analysis suggests that temporary overshoots of climate change – increasing global temperature beyond [[Paris Agreement]] goals temporarily as often projected – can increase risks of [[Tipping points in the climate system|climate tipping cascades]] "by up to 72%".<ref>{{cite news |title=Overshooting climate targets could significantly increase risk for tipping cascades |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-overshooting-climate-significantly-cascades.html |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=[[Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]] via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wunderling |first1=Nico |last2=Winkelmann |first2=Ricarda |last3=Rockström |first3=Johan |last4=Loriani |first4=Sina |last5=Armstrong McKay |first5=David I. |last6=Ritchie |first6=Paul D. L. |last7=Sakschewski |first7=Boris |last8=Donges |first8=Jonathan F. |title=Global warming overshoots increase risks of climate tipping cascades in a network model |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=January 2023 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=75–82 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01545-9 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13...75W |s2cid=255045153 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366520998 |language=en |issn=1758-6798|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
**In a [[paywall]]ed article, scientists provide 3D imaging and model analysis to reveal main causes, mechanics, and potential mitigations of the problematic<!--(e.g. due to electronic waste, durability/costs especially when batteries are not required to be replaceable, RE efficiency, and rare minerals)--> prevalent [[lithium-ion battery]] [[wear and tear|degradation]] [[Charge cycle|over charge cycles]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Minghao |last2=Chouchane |first2=Mehdi |last3=Shojaee |first3=S. Ali |last4=Winiarski |first4=Bartlomiej |last5=Liu |first5=Zhao |last6=Li |first6=Letian |last7=Pelapur |first7=Rengarajan |last8=Shodiev |first8=Abbos |last9=Yao |first9=Weiliang |last10=Doux |first10=Jean-Marie |last11=Wang |first11=Shen |last12=Li |first12=Yixuan |last13=Liu |first13=Chaoyue |last14=Lemmens |first14=Herman |last15=Franco |first15=Alejandro A. |last16=Meng |first16=Ying Shirley |title=Coupling of multiscale imaging analysis and computational modeling for understanding thick cathode degradation mechanisms |journal=Joule |date=22 December 2022 |volume=7 |pages=201–220 |doi=10.1016/j.joule.2022.12.001 |url=https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(22)00572-4 |language=English |issn=2542-4785|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=February 2023}}
*26 December &ndash; Bio- and electrical engineers prove for the first time that human [[cerebral organoid]]s transplanted [[humanized mice|into mice]] {{see above|[[2021 in science#August|17 Aug 21]] and [[#October|12 Oct]]}} functionally integrate with their visual cortex.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Firtina |first1=Nergis |title=In a first, human brain organoids placed in the mouse cortex react to visual stimuli |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-brain-organoids-mouse-cortex |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=[[Interesting Engineering]] |date=3 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wilson |first1=Madison N. |last2=Thunemann |first2=Martin |last3=Liu |first3=Xin |last4=Lu |first4=Yichen |last5=Puppo |first5=Francesca |last6=Adams |first6=Jason W. |last7=Kim |first7=Jeong-Hoon |last8=Ramezani |first8=Mehrdad |last9=Pizzo |first9=Donald P. |last10=Djurovic |first10=Srdjan |last11=Andreassen |first11=Ole A. |last12=Mansour |first12=Abed AlFatah |last13=Gage |first13=Fred H. |last14=Muotri |first14=Alysson R. |last15=Devor |first15=Anna |last16=Kuzum |first16=Duygu |title=Multimodal monitoring of human cortical organoids implanted in mice reveal functional connection with visual cortex |journal=Nature Communications |date=26 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7945 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35536-3 |pmid=36572698 |pmc=9792589 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7945W |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*27 December &ndash; Scientists report that a species of ''[[Halteria]]'', a single-celled [[protozoan]], is the first known organism for which "[[Virivore|a virus-only diet]] ... is enough to fuel the physiological growth and even population growth".<ref>{{cite news |title=Eating viruses can power growth, reproduction of microorganism |url=https://news.unl.edu/newsrooms/today/article/eating-viruses-can-power-growth-reproduction-of-microorganism/ |date=3 January 2023 |work=Nebraska Today|accessdate=6 January 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=DeLong |first1=John P. |last2=Van Etten |first2=James L. |last3=Al-Ameeli |first3=Zeina |last4=Agarkova |first4=Irina V. |last5=Dunigan |first5=David D. |title=The consumption of viruses returns energy to food chains |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=3 January 2023 |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=e2215000120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2215000120 |pmid=36574690 |pmc=9910503 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12015000D |s2cid=255219850 |language=en |issn=0027-8424|url=https://zenodo.org/record/7500012 }}</ref>