Editing Regional effects of the 2021–2022 global energy crisis (section)

=== Europe ===
{{See also|2022 Russia–EU gas dispute}}
[[File:TTF natural gas.webp|thumb|370px|{{legend|#C0136B|outline=#970E53|Europe TTF natural gas}}]]
[[File:European Countries Dependent On Russian Natural Gas.webp|thumb|370px|right|European Countries Dependence On Russian Natural Gas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/02/09/1079338002/russia-ukraine-europe-gas-nordstream2-energy|title = Explaining why natural gas plays such a big role in the Russia-Ukraine crisis|website = NPR|date = 9 February 2022|last1 = Sullivan|first1 = Becky}}</ref>]]
Due to a combination of unfavourable conditions, which involved soaring demand of [[natural gas]], its diminished supply from U.S., Norway and Russia to the European markets, less power generation by [[renewable energy]] sources such as wind, water and solar energy, and a cold winter that left European gas reservoirs depleted, Europe faced steep increases in gas prices in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Energy crisis: The blame game has begun – but are some of the claims just hot air? |url=https://news.sky.com/story/energy-crisis-the-blame-game-has-begun-but-are-some-of-the-claims-just-hot-air-12413485 |work=Sky News |date=22 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Europe's Power Crisis Moves North as Water Shortage Persists |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-03/europe-s-power-crisis-is-moving-north-as-water-shortage-worsens |work=Bloomberg |date=3 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Russia says it could boost supplies to ease Europe gas costs |url=https://apnews.com/article/business-vladimir-putin-europe-russia-moscow-e88f22bea390917eb1b78affaf177289 |work=Associated Press |date=7 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=It is tempting to blame foreigners for Europe's gas crisis: The main culprit is closer to home |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2021/10/16/it-is-tempting-to-blame-foreigners-for-europes-gas-crisis |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=16 October 2021}}</ref> Russia has fully supplied on all long-term contracts, but has not supplied extra gas on the [[spot market]];<ref name=bbc-20211014 /> in the first half of 2021, Russia supplied over 3 billion m³/week (almost half of EU's imports), and around 2.3 billion m³/week in the second half of 2021.<ref name="op2022-02-17">{{cite web |title=Can Norwegian Natural Gas Solve Europe's Energy Crisis? |url=https://oilprice.com/Energy/Natural-Gas/Can-Norwegian-Natural-Gas-Solve-Europes-Energy-Crisis.html |website=OilPrice.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220220093556/https://oilprice.com/Energy/Natural-Gas/Can-Norwegian-Natural-Gas-Solve-Europes-Energy-Crisis.html |archive-date=20 February 2022 |language=en |date=17 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2021, the [[Economist Intelligence Unit]] reported that Russia had limited extra gas export capacity because of its own high domestic demands with production near its peak.<ref name=bbc-20211014>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/58888451 |title=Europe gas prices: How far is Russia responsible? |last=Horton |first=Jake |work=BBC News |date=14 October 2021}}</ref><ref name=bl-20210903>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-03/russia-has-a-gas-problem-nearly-the-size-of-exports-to-europe |title=Russia Has a Gas Problem Nearly the Size of Exports to Europe |last=Mazneva |first=Elena |publisher=Bloomberg |date=3 September 2021 }}</ref> On 27 October 2021, Russian President Vladimir Putin authorised state-controlled energy giant [[Gazprom]] to start pumping extra natural gas into European [[Natural gas storage|gas storage sites]] once Russia finishes filling its own gas inventories, which may happen by November 8.<ref name="Euronews">{{cite news |title=Russia seen starting to fill Europe's gas storage after Nov. 8 |url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/10/28/europe-s-energy-crisis-prices-drop-after-putin-orders-gazprom-to-fill-eu-stocks |work=Euronews |date=27 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Putin Orders More Gas for Europe Next Month, Sending Down Price |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-27/putin-tells-gazprom-to-focus-on-filling-eu-storage-from-nov-8 |work=Bloomberg |date=27 October 2021}}</ref>

The [[Groningen gas field]] in the Netherlands, Europe's largest natural gas field, will stop production between 2025 and 2028.<ref>{{cite web|title=Groningers teleurgesteld over ontbreken einddatum gaswinning|url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2399094-groningers-teleurgesteld-over-ontbreken-einddatum-gaswinning|url-status=live|work=[[NOS Nieuws]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924192313/https://nos.nl/artikel/2399094-groningers-teleurgesteld-over-ontbreken-einddatum-gaswinning|archive-date=2021-09-24|date=2021-09-24|access-date=2021-09-25|language=nl}}</ref> Reuters reported that "extraction quickly became problematic in recent years, as a series of tremors caused by gas production damaged houses and buildings in the region."<ref>{{cite news |title=Dutch confirm plan to end gas production at Groningen next year |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/dutch-confirm-plan-end-gas-production-groningen-next-year-2021-09-24/ |work=Reuters |date=24 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Europe's energy crisis: Why are natural gas prices soaring and how will it affect Europeans? |url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/10/01/europe-s-energy-crisis-why-are-natural-gas-prices-soaring-and-how-will-it-affect-europeans |work=Euronews |date=6 October 2021}}</ref>

Some critics blamed the [[European Union Emissions Trading System]] (EU ETS) and [[Nuclear power phase-out|closure of nuclear plants]] for contributing to the energy crisis.<ref>{{cite news |title=European Energy Crisis Fuels Carbon Trading Expansion Concerns |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-06/european-energy-crisis-fuels-carbon-trading-expansion-concerns |work=Bloomberg |date=6 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=In Global Energy Crisis, Anti-Nuclear Chickens Come Home to Roost |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/10/08/energy-crisis-nuclear-natural-gas-renewable-climate/ |work=Foreign Policy |date=8 October 2021}}</ref> The [[Angela Merkel|Merkel]] government in Germany decided in 2011 to [[nuclear power phase-out|phase out]] both [[Nuclear power in Germany|nuclear power]] and coal plants.<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany Flirts With Power Crunch in Nuclear and Coal Exit |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-22/germany-flirts-with-power-crunch-in-nuclear-and-coal-exit |work=Bloomberg |date=22 August 2021}}</ref>

U.S. exports of [[liquefied natural gas]] (LNG) to China and other Asian countries surged in 2021, with Asian buyers willing to pay higher prices than European importers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asian buyers outbid Europe for spot supplies of US natural gas |url=https://www.ft.com/content/deaa7583-e69f-4a5f-9486-cc05c710a51a |work=Financial Times |date=21 September 2021}}</ref> In late 2021 and early 2022, half or more of US LNG exports went to Europe.<ref name=luna>{{cite web |last1=Luna |first1=Marcy de |title=Europe remains top destination for U.S. LNG for the third month |url= https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/europe-remains-top-destination-us-lng-third-month-2022-02-15/ |website=Reuters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220153719/https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/europe-remains-top-destination-us-lng-third-month-2022-02-15/ |archive-date=20 February 2022 |language=en |date=15 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><!-- add charts -->

In late 2021, European energy prices continued to increase, while an unprecedented energy crunch, particularly for natural gas, weighed heavily on economic growth indicators. Norway increased its export to EU to 2.9 billion m³/week.<ref name="op2022-02-17" /> Liquified natural gas markets were tight for the entire 2021.  The [[Kremlin]] has been accused to tout the necessity of [[Nord Stream 2]], but some energy analysts view energy shortages in Europe as self-inflicted, and blame European Union sanctions of Russian entities, among other reasons.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cohen|first=Ariel|title=Europe's Self-Inflicted Energy Crisis|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/arielcohen/2021/10/14/europes-self-inflicted-energy-crisis/|access-date=2022-10-01|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>

Europe's energy crisis was spreading to the [[fertilizer]] and [[Food industry|food]] industries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Energy crisis today – fertiliser and food crisis tomorrow? |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/agriculture-food/opinion/energy-crisis-today-fertiliser-and-food-crisis-tomorrow/ |work=Euractiv |date=19 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='I'm afraid we're going to have a food crisis': The energy crunch has made fertilizer too expensive to produce, says Yara CEO |url=https://fortune.com/2021/11/04/energy-crisis-food-shortage-security-fertilizer-prices-yara-ceo-madagascar-cop26/ |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=4 November 2021}}</ref> According to Julia Meehan, the head of fertilizers for the commodity price agency ICIS, "We are seeing record prices for every fertiliser type, which are all way above the previous highs in 2008. It's very, very serious. People don't realise that 50% of the world's food relies on fertilisers."<ref>{{cite news |title=Fears global energy crisis could lead to famine in vulnerable countries |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/oct/20/global-energy-crisis-famine-production |work=The Guardian |date=20 October 2021}}</ref>

On 16 November 2021, European natural gas prices rose by 17% after Germany's energy regulator temporarily suspended approval of the [[Nord Stream 2]] natural gas pipeline from Russia to Germany.<ref>{{cite news |title=Natural-Gas Prices Jump as Germany Pauses Certification of Russian Pipeline |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/natural-gas-prices-jump-as-germany-pauses-certification-of-russian-pipeline-11637069393 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=16 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=European Natural Gas Prices Surge on Nord Stream 2 Delay — LNG Recap |url=https://www.naturalgasintel.com/european-natural-gas-prices-surge-on-nord-stream-2-delay-lng-recap/ |work=Natural Gas Intelligence |date=16 November 2021}}</ref>

In the first two months after Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February 2022, Russia earned $66.5 billion from fossil fuel exports, and the EU accounted for 71% of that trade.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia has made $66 billion from fuel exports since it invaded Ukraine – and the EU is still its biggest buyer, study finds |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/russia-oil-gas-coal-fossil-fuel-exports-revenue-ukraine-war-2022-4 |work=Business Insider |date=28 April 2022}}</ref> As a result of the invasion, [[Brent Crude|Brent oil]] [[Price of oil|prices]] rose above $130 a barrel for the first time since 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last=Disavino |first=Scott |title=Oil price surges to highest since 2008 on delays in Iranian talks |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/oil-price-set-surge-further-iranian-talks-delays-2022-03-06/ |work=[[Reuters]] |date=7 March 2022}}</ref> In April 2022, Russia supplied 45% of EU's natural gas imports, earning $900 million a day.<ref>{{cite news |title=Missiles fly, but Ukraine's pipeline network keeps Russian gas flowing to Europe |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/russian-gas-europe-1.6415652 |work=CBC News |date=12 April 2022}}</ref> In May 2022, the [[European Commission]] proposed a ban on oil imports from Russia, part of the economic response to the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/05/04/1096596286/eu-europea-russia-oil-ban |title=The EU just proposed a ban on oil from Russia, its main energy supplier |author=Bill Chappell |website=[[NPR]] |date=4 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=EU oil ban adds pressure on Russia but obstacles remain: Analysts |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/12/eus-proposed-oil-ban-steps-up-pressure-on-russia-analysts |work=Al Jazeera |date=12 May 2022}}</ref> In May 2022, Russia imposed sanctions on European subsidiaries of Gazprom.<ref>{{cite news |title=Europe faces gas supply disruption after Russia imposes sanctions |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/12/europes-gas-supply-crisis-grows-after-russia-imposes-sanctions |work=Al Jazeera |date=12 May 2022}}</ref>

In response to the invasion of Ukraine, the European Commission and [[International Energy Agency]] presented joint plans to reduce reliance on Russian energy, reduce Russian gas imports by two thirds within a year, and completely by 2030.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weise |first1=Zia |date=8 March 2022 |title=Commission plans to get EU off Russian gas before 2030 |work=POLITICO |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/commission-plan-eu-russia-gas-2030/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=[[International Energy Agency]] |date=March 2022 |title=A 10-Point Plan to Reduce the European Union's Reliance on Russian Natural Gas |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/a-10-point-plan-to-reduce-the-european-unions-reliance-on-russian-natural-gas |publisher=IEA}}</ref> On 18 May 2022, the European Union published plans to end its reliance on Russian oil, natural gas and coal by 2027.<ref>{{cite news |title=EU unveils 210 bln euro plan to ditch Russian fossil fuels |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/eu-unveils-escape-route-russian-fossil-fuels-by-2027-2022-05-18/ |work=Reuters |date=18 May 2022}}</ref>

Responding to the crisis, [[Peru]] saw its export of LNG increase 74% in the first months of 2022 compared to the previous year, with LNG exports to Europe rising greatly, especially in [[Spain]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Aquino |first1=Marco |last2=Parraga |first2=Marianna |date=2022-05-31 |title=In Latam, Peru streaks ahead in LNG race to Europe as Trinidad stumbles |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/latam-peru-streaks-ahead-lng-race-europe-trinidad-stumbles-2022-05-31/ |access-date=2022-06-06}}</ref>

In June 2022, the United States government agreed to allow Italian company [[Eni]] and Spanish company [[Repsol]] to import [[History of the Venezuelan oil industry|oil from Venezuela]] to Europe to replace oil imports from Russia.<ref name="oilvenezuela">{{cite news |title=Oil from sanctioned Venezuela to help Europe replace Russian crude as soon as next month: report |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/oil-from-venezuela-to-help-replace-russian-crude-reuters-reports-2022-6 |work=Business Insider |date=5 June 2022}}</ref> French Finance Minister [[Bruno Le Maire]] said that France negotiated with the [[United Arab Emirates]] to replace some Russian oil imports.<ref name="oilvenezuela" /> On 15 June 2022, [[Israel]], [[Egypt]] and the European Union signed a trilateral natural gas agreement.<ref>{{cite news |title=EU signs gas deal with Israel, Egypt in bid to ditch Russia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/15/eu-signs-gas-deal-with-israel-egypt-in-bid-to-ditch-russia |work=Al Jazeera |date=15 June 2022}}</ref>

In March 2022, ''Bloomberg'' reported that China was reselling its US LNG shipments to a desperate Europe at a "hefty profit".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-15 |title=China Sells U.S. LNG to Europe at a Hefty Profit |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-15/china-sells-some-spare-u-s-gas-to-europe-for-a-hefty-profit |access-date=2022-08-26}}</ref> In August 2022, it was reported in ''[[Nikkei Asia]]'' that China was again reselling some of its surplus LNG cargoes to Europe due to having weak energy demands in its domestic market, suggesting that China was sufficiently stocked in LNG and was an unexpected "white knight" throwing an "energy lifeline" to help Europe with its winter gas shortage fears.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China throws Europe an energy lifeline with LNG resales |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Indo-Pacific/China-throws-Europe-an-energy-lifeline-with-LNG-resales |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref>

The energy crisis is expected to damage Europe's energy-intensive [[Manufacturing|industries]] such as [[steel]], [[aluminium]], fertilizers and the [[energy industry]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Energy crisis: Europe's industry shutting down |url=https://www.intellinews.com/energy-crisis-europe-s-industry-shutting-down-255913/ |work=[[bne IntelliNews]] |date=20 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Industry says EU plan to tackle energy crisis falls short |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/industry-says-eu-plan-tackle-energy-crisis-falls-short-2022-09-16/ |work=Reuters |date=16 September 2022}}</ref> In late 2022, Europe has been buckling under an acute energy shortage with governments pushing through multi-billion euro packages to protect households from soaring energy bills. In late summer 2022, Russia had halted gas flows via the [[Nord Stream 1]] pipeline several times blaming [[International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War|Western sanctions against Russia]], while the value of the [[Euro]] continued to slip against all major currencies. Russia's foreign ministry blamed the United States for Europe's energy crisis, by pushing European leaders towards a "suicidal" step of cutting economic and energy cooperation with Moscow, which had been a reliable energy supplier to Europe since Soviet times.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-09-06|title=Russia says United States is behind Europe's gas supply crisis|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russia-says-united-states-is-behind-europes-gas-supply-crisis-2022-09-06/|access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref>

On 6 October 2022, the E.U. in its 8th round of sanctions agreed to [[2022 Russian oil price cap|price cap Russian oil]] imports (for Europe and third countries) with a price maximum to be set on December 5, 2022. According to supporting U.S. and U.K. economists, this would "increase the bargaining power for private and public companies that purchase Russian oil". Shortly after the E.U. meeting, OPEC+ decided to cut production again by 2% of the global output. A number of European nations, including [[Hungary]] and [[Serbia]] insisted on significant exemptions from the sanctions.<ref>[https://baselinescenario.com/2022/10/11/letter-to-treasury-secretary-janet-yellen-in-support-of-a-price-cap-on-russian-oil-exports/ "Letter to Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen: In Support of a Price Cap on Russian Oil Exports"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017220744/https://baselinescenario.com/2022/10/11/letter-to-treasury-secretary-janet-yellen-in-support-of-a-price-cap-on-russian-oil-exports/ |date=2022-10-17 }} ''baselinescenario.com''. Retrieved 12 Oct 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/10/06/business/opec-russia-oil-output/ "In rebuke to West, OPEC and Russia aim to raise oil prices with big supply cut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017055739/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/10/06/business/opec-russia-oil-output/ |date=2022-10-17 }} ''Japan Times''. Retrieved 12 Oct 2022.</ref>

After an embargo on Russian oil shipments and a price cap on Russian crude went into effect on December 6, 2022, crude prices climbed considerably as some commodity traders bet on reduced supply globally. [[RBC Capital Markets]] warned that crude prices could become even more volatile if Russia stopped oil exports to those countries imposing the price cap.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/business/dealbook/oil-price-russia-cap.html "Oil Climbs as Western Nations Single Out Russia"] ''nytimes.com''. Retrieved 5 December 2022.</ref>

==== Albania ====
{{Main|2022 Albanian protests}}
Protests against corruption and the [[Cost of living|cost of living crisis]] took place in Tirana.

==== Belgium ====
A study by the Commission for the Regulation of Electricity and Gas showed a 30% increase in the price of electricity and 50% in the price of natural gas in Belgium by September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-06|title=Les prix du gaz et de l'électricité explosent|url=https://www.rtbf.be/info/societe/onpdp/detail_les-prix-du-gaz-et-de-l-electricite-explosent?id=10834503|access-date=2021-10-18|website=RTBF Info|language=fr}}</ref>{{update after|2022|9|4}}

==== Bulgaria====
On 1 October 2022, the long-delayed Interconnector Greece-Bulgaria (IGB) pipeline officially came into service. The pipeline delivers Aseri gas to Bulgaria, but also serves the [[Western Balkan]] and [[Moldova]]. The EU hailed the project as a step to 'freedom from Russian gas'.

==== France ====
[[File:Nuclear Power Plant Cattenom.jpg|thumb|right|As of early September 2022, 32 of France's 56 [[List of power stations in France|nuclear reactors]], all operated by [[Électricité de France|EDF]], were shut down due to maintenance or technical problems.]]
[[Nuclear power in France]] usually provides up to 70% of electricity production. Corrosion in several French nuclear reactors, even the most modern type N4, led to long term shutdowns since October 2021.

Surging energy prices for natural gas and [[heating oil]] have caused higher living expenses, particularly for renters and rural land owners. Socio-economic measures were taken to counter-act inflationary pressures that disproportionally affect working families and immigrants. The 2021 energy crisis, complicated by political tensions in [[Eastern Europe]] and scarce natural gas supplies, have cost the French state an additional €580 million ($685 million) per year.<ref>{{Cite news|title=France to Give Families 580 Million Euros to Pay Energy Bills|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-15/france-may-try-to-ease-cost-of-energy-bills-with-more-vouchers|access-date=2022-10-01|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=15 September 2021 }}</ref>

On 6 July 2022, Paris announced that it will nationalise the [[Électricité de France]] (EDF) power utility as a result of the escalating energy crisis on the European continent.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Rose|first1=Michel|last2=Hummel|first2=Tassilo|date=2022-07-06|title=France plans full nationalisation of power utility EDF|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/frances-edf-be-fully-nationalised-borne-2022-07-06/|access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref>

On 30 August 2022, just after [[Gazprom]] showed a record net profit of 2.5 trillion roubles ($41.75 billion), the Russian gas giant announced it would cut all natural gas deliveries to [[Engie]], "due to a disagreement between the parties". According to the French ministry, Gazprom's actions did not compromise the security of France's energy supply.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-08-30|title=Gazprom says H1 net profit $41.8 bln, will pay dividends|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russias-gazprom-consider-paying-interim-dividends-2022-08-30/|access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pennington|first=Josh|date=2022-08-30|title=Russia's Gazprom to completely halt gas supplies to France's Engie &#124; CNN Business|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/30/business/gazprom-shuts-off-gas-france-engie/index.html|access-date=2022-10-01|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref>

As of early September 2022, 32 of France's [[Nuclear power in France|56 nuclear reactors]], all operated by EDF, were shut down due to maintenance or technical problems.<ref>{{cite news |title=France's EDF plans to restart nation's entire nuclear fleet by early next year |url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/09/04/frances-edf-plans-to-restart-nations-entire-nuclear-fleet-by-early-next-year |work=Euronews |date=4 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=EDF to restart all its nuclear reactors this winter – minister |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/edf-restart-all-its-nuclear-reactors-by-this-winter-minister-says-2022-09-02/ |work=Reuters |date=2 September 2022}}</ref>

According to the French polling institute BVA, the approval rating for President [[Emmanuel Macron]] dropped to 36% in fall 2022 due to the energy crisis and galloping inflation in France.<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/french-energy-crisis-sends-macrons-popularity-plummeting-to-36-/2717653 "French energy crisis sends Macron's popularity plummeting to 36%"]. ''aa.com''. Retrieved 5 December 2022.</ref>

==== Germany ====
[[File:LudwigshafenBASF2017-07-29-12-44-06.jpg|thumb|The German chemical company [[BASF]] was forced to cut production<ref>{{cite news |title=How gas rationing at Germany's BASF plant could plunge Europe into crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/sep/15/gas-rationing-germany-basf-plant-europe-crisis |work=The Guardian |date=16 September 2022}}</ref>]]
Energy-intensive [[Economy of Germany|German industry]] and [[List of exports of Germany|German exporters]] were hit particularly hard by the energy crisis.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Grave Threat to Industry in Germany |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/business/growing-energy-crisis-a-grave-threat-to-industry-in-germany-a-9152547c-a31d-483e-a70c-242c280cab23 |work=[[Der Spiegel]] |date=21 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How Bad Will the German Recession Be? |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/business/energy-crisis-fallout-how-bad-will-the-german-recession-be-a-9e1f479e-5fef-4e62-b5ca-2f9e87b9bbca |work=Der Spiegel |date=14 September 2022}}</ref> For example, [[Volkswagen]] has sufficient gas reserves only for the next five to six months.<ref>{{cite news |title=Volkswagen has gas supplies for winter but could see shortages next year |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/volkswagen-says-gas-supply-stable-this-winter-could-see-shortages-next-year-2022-09-22/ |work=Reuters |date=22 September 2022}}</ref> Carsten Brzeski, economist at ING bank, said the war in Ukraine "puts an end to the German economic business model as we knew it — a model which was mainly based on cheap energy imports and industrial exports into an increasingly globalized world."<ref>{{cite news |title=Is the energy crisis the final nail in Germany's export-dependent economic model? |url=https://www.dw.com/en/is-the-energy-crisis-the-final-nail-in-germanys-export-dependent-economic-model/a-62727083 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=16 September 2022}}</ref> On 29 September 2022, Germany presented a €200 billion plan to support industry and households.<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany to mobilise €200bn economic 'shield' to field energy crisis |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy/news/germany-to-mobilise-e200bn-economic-shield-to-get-through-energy-crisis/ |work=[[Euractiv]] |date=30 September 2022}}</ref>

The country is a principal purchaser of Russian [[natural gas]] and was mostly affected by sanctions on Russian energy in the aftermath of [[2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine|its invasion of Ukraine in February 2022]]. Germany indefinitely suspended the regulatory approval for the [[Nord Stream 2]] in March, but resisted pressures to shut down oil and natural gas trades with Russia altogether. In Germany, both employers and labour representatives feared that a further tightening of sanctions would threaten entire employment sectors. The recent energy crisis and encouragement by German governments to save Russian energy was also dubbed "freezing for Ukraine". Industry sectors not directly involved with natural gas or petroleum would also suffer as "firms would go bust" if prices for crucial raw materials like [[nickel]] and [[aluminium]] were to increase even more.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-09|title='Firms will go bust': Germany prepares for a future without Russian gas|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/09/firms-will-go-bust-germany-prepares-for-a-future-without-russian-gas|access-date=2022-10-01|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> In March 2022, Germany's Minister for Economic Affairs [[Robert Habeck]] cautioned, "If we do not obtain more gas next winter and if deliveries from Russia were to be cut then we would not have enough gas to heat all our houses and keep all our industry going."<ref>{{cite news |date=20 March 2022 |title=Reliant on Russian gas, Germany concerned over winter fuel supplies |work=France 24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220320-reliant-on-russian-gas-german-concerns-mount-over-winter-fuel-supplies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322105610/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220320-reliant-on-russian-gas-german-concerns-mount-over-winter-fuel-supplies |archive-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> Habeck said Germany plans to end imports of Russian natural gas by mid-2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany seeks to wean itself off Russian energy imports |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-seeks-to-wean-itself-off-russian-energy-imports/a-61257187 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=25 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Germany's Era of Cheap Energy Is Over, Economy Minister Says |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/russia-ukraine-latest-news-2022-05-02/card/germany-s-era-of-cheap-energy-is-over-economy-minister-says-YAZ6a0GyZrTsLYwSfv0x |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=2 May 2022}}</ref>

In March 2022, German Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] announced plans to build two new LNG terminals.<ref>{{cite news |title=German minister heads to Qatar to seek gas alternatives |url=https://www.dw.com/en/german-minister-heads-to-qatar-to-seek-gas-alternatives/a-61184188 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=19 March 2022}}</ref> Habeck said Germany reached a long-term energy partnership with [[Qatar]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany Signs Energy Deal With Qatar As It Seeks To reduce Reliance On Russian Supplies |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/germany-qatar-russian-gas-partnership-ukraine/31762093.html |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |date=20 March 2022}}</ref> one of the world's largest exporters of [[liquefied natural gas]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany goes on a mission to secure supplies of Qatari gas |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy/news/germany-goes-on-a-mission-to-secure-supplies-of-qatari-gas/ |work=Euractiv |date=21 March 2022}}</ref>{{update after|2022|9|4}}<!-- what progress post government statements?  six months after the Chancellor's statement -->

In June 2022, Scholz said that his government remains committed to phasing out [[Nuclear power in Germany|nuclear power]] despite rising energy prices and Germany's dependence on [[Russia in the European energy sector|energy imports from Russia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Scholz and liberal finance minister clash over nuclear phase-out |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/news/scholz-and-liberal-finance-minister-clash-over-nuclear-phase-out/ |work=[[Euractiv]] |date=9 June 2022}}</ref> Former Chancellor Angela Merkel committed Germany to a [[nuclear power phase-out]] after the [[Fukushima nuclear disaster]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany Confronts Its Nuclear Demons |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/06/20/germany-nuclear-power-energy-weapons-nato-russia-ukraine-war-energy-crisis-greens/ |work=[[Foreign Policy]] |date=20 June 2022}}</ref>

On 25 July 2022, [[Gazprom]] announced it will reduce gas flows to Germany to 20% of the maximum capacity, or 50% of the current throughput, which further exacerbated the energy crisis in Europe.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{Cite news|last1=Eddy|first1=Melissa|last2=Cohen|first2=Patricia|date=2022-07-20|title=Seeking Leverage Over Europe, Putin Says Russian Gas Flow Will Resume|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/20/business/energy-environment/nordstream-vladimir-putin-russian-gas.html|access-date=2022-10-01|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In September 2022, Germany was forced to take over three [[Rosneft]] refineries due to a halt of Russian crude imports. The move averted a shut-down of those refineries, which are essential to the German economy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany takes control of stakes in Rosneft oil refineries |work=BBC News |date=16 September 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-62924071|access-date=18 September 2022}}</ref>

On 5 October 2022, German Economy Minister [[Robert Habeck]] accused the US and other "friendly" gas supplier nations that they were profiting from the Ukraine war with "astronomical prices". He called for more solidarity by the US to assist energy-pressed allies in Europe.<ref>[https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/05/german-minister-criticizes-us-over-astronomical-natural-gas-prices.html "German minister criticizes U.S. over ‘astronomical’ natural gas prices"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018063745/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/05/german-minister-criticizes-us-over-astronomical-natural-gas-prices.html |date=2022-10-18 }} ''cnbc.com''. Retrieved 5 October 2022.</ref>

The energy crisis has increased environmental pressures on forested areas in Germany and elsewhere, as private citizens resorted to chain saws to cut down trees by themselves to obtain firewood for heating.<ref>[https://www.srf.ch/play/tv/srf-news-videos/video/selber-holz-zu-faellen-boomt-in-deutschland?urn=urn:srf:video:7e427a79-be61-4e8a-b812-8b106c55cfa3 "Selber Holzfällen boomt in Deutschland"] (in German). ''srf.ch''. Retrieved 5 December 2022.</ref>

==== Greece ====
[[File:Petrstation.jpg|300px|thumb|Gas station in [[Kavala]] with gas prices exceeding 2 euros/litre]]

Due to the abrupt delignitisation and Limit Price, electricity prices hit record high €420 per MWh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Νέο ρεκόρ η τιμή ρεύματος στην Ελλάδα: 426,90 ευρώ η μεγαβατώρα |date=7 March 2022 |url=https://www.businessnews.gr/epixeiriseis/energeia/item/231146-neo-rekor-i-timi-reymatos-stin-ellada-426-90-evro-i-megavatora |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref> The Limit Price is a key parameter of the electricity tariff. It is transferred to the electricity bill as adjustment clause. By activating it, the providers pass on to the consumption the total increases of the supply costs in the wholesale market and the reductions respectively, although in the latter case they are not in a hurry or can be forgotten. The adjustment clause transfers to consumption the total cost of supply that is added to the Limit Price and corresponds to costs.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

Due to the high taxation, including the [[Excise]] Tax, and the rise in price of crude oil, the price of unleaded gasoline went over 2&nbsp;€/l in April 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=ΘΕΜΑ: ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΟ ΔΕΛΤΙΟ ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΗΣΗΣ ΤΙΜΩΝ ΥΓΡΩΝ ΚΑΥΣΙΜΩΝ |url=http://www.fuelprices.gr/files/deltia/IMERISIO_DELTIO_PANELLINIO_14_04_2022.pdf |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref>

==== Serbia ====
The 2021/2022 energy crisis and the [[2022 Russian invasion of the Ukraine]] made coal from [[Kosovo i Metohija|Kosovo]] more attractive for European energy traders. [[Serbia]] as well is increasing coal production due to a lack of [[hydroelectric energy]]. Surging wholesale prices for [[natural gas]] increased the demand for coal in Western Europe. Environmentalists warned that coal is not the answer, as it roughly emits double the amount of carbon dioxide per kWh.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Bytyci|first1=Fatos|last2=Teofilovski|first2=Ognen|date=2022-04-19|title=Balkans turns to coal as energy crisis trumps climate commitments|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/balkans-turns-coal-energy-crisis-trumps-climate-commitments-2022-04-19/|access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref>

In October 2022, President [[Aleksandar Vucic]] welcomed the agreement by the E.U. to postpone the decision to ban Russian oil imports from the [[Western Balkans]]. But he criticised Croatia's decision to include Serbia in an EU ban on Russian oil imports, from which [[Belgrade]] was originally exempt. Later, Serbia agreed with [[Hungary]] to construct an oil pipeline to supply Serbia with cheaper Russian Urals crude via the [[Druzhba oil pipeline]], to circumvent [[Croatia]].<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/energy-projects/eu-postpones-decision-on-russian-oil-ban-says-serbia-president/36562 "EU postpones decision on Russian oil ban, says Serbia president"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016185823/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/energy-projects/eu-postpones-decision-on-russian-oil-ban-says-serbia-president/36562 |date=2022-10-16 }} ''aa energy''. Retrieved 12 Oct 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/hungary-serbia-agree-build-pipeline-ship-russian-oil-serbia-hungarian-govt-2022-10-10/ "Hungary, Serbia agree to build pipeline to ship Russian oil to Serbia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017045200/https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/hungary-serbia-agree-build-pipeline-ship-russian-oil-serbia-hungarian-govt-2022-10-10/ |date=2022-10-17 }} ''Reuters''. Retrieved 12 Oct 2022.</ref>

==== Moldova ====
In 2021, [[Moldova]] had a gas crisis that lasted for several months until the signing of a new contract with the Russian state-controlled gas company [[Gazprom]] with a duration of 5 years. There were allegations that Russia used this crisis to its advantage as a consequence of Moldova having elected the pro-European now president [[Maia Sandu]] over the pro-Russian candidate [[Igor Dodon]] in 2020, although this was denied by Russia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/moldova-gazprom-crisis-end/31539727.html|title=Moldova says gas crisis over after deal with Russia's Gazprom|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|date=1 November 2021}}</ref>

==== Russia ====
In 2022, Russia achieved record amount of earnings through the export of fossil fuels. On 27 May 2022, Russian Finance Minister [[Anton Siluanov]] stated that extra revenues from the sale of natural gas in the amount of €13.7 billion will be used to increase pension funds for retired individuals and families with children, as well for [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|"special operations"]] in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-28|title=Russland: Rekordeinnahmen aus Gas-Exporten|url=https://www.blick.ch/ausland/13-7-milliarden-euro-russland-rekordeinnahmen-aus-gas-exporten-id17529007.html|access-date=2022-10-01|website=Blick|language=de-CH}}</ref> Russia has also increased energy exports to [[China]] and [[India]] to make up for decreased revenues in Europe. In the first half of 2022, Russia pocketed an extra $24 billion from selling fossil fuels to both nations.<ref name="auto" />

By August 2022, Russia was selling almost as much oil as before its [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|invasion of the Ukraine]]. Sales to the [[Middle East]] and Asia helped make up for declining exports to Europe, and due to the higher price, Moscow revenues were $20 billion monthly compared to $14.6 billion a year before (2021). Despite [[International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War]], Russian energy sales have increased in value, and its exports have expanded with new financing options and payment methods for international buyers.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hirtenstein|first=Joe Wallace and Anna|date=2022-08-29|title=Russia Confounds the West by Recapturing Its Oil Riches|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/russia-confounds-the-west-by-recapturing-its-oil-riches-11661781928|access-date=2022-10-01|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

According to Duma speaker [[Vyacheslav Volodin]], the mothballed [[Nord Stream 2]] [[gas pipeline]] should be revived to ease energy shortages in Europe. Russia has blamed the West for hindering gas deliveries through the operational [[Nord Stream 1]] pipeline because of economic sanctions and delayed shipments of crucial pipeline components.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-09-02|title=Russian lawmaker urges Europe to revive Nord Stream 2 to solve energy crisis|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russian-lawmaker-urges-europe-revive-nord-stream-2-solve-energy-crisis-2022-09-02/|access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref>

Russia had been accused of sabotage by Western nations when [[2022 Nord Stream gas leaks|four leaks]] were discovered in the [[Nord Stream]] 1/2 pipelines on 26 September 2022, both inoperable at the time. Russia had rejected such allegations.
On 29 September, [[Gazprom]] announced it will ship 42.5 million cubic metres/d of gas to Europe via Ukraine, a slight increase.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-russia-gas-idAFS8N2X1077 Russia's Gazprom says it will ship 42.5 mcm of gas to Europe via Ukraine on Thursday] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011170920/https://www.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-russia-gas-idAFS8N2X1077 |date=2022-10-11 }} ''Reuters''. Retrieved 9 Oct 2022.</ref> The company also said it would deliver 5.7 million cubic metres of gas to Moldavia, but reserved the right to exit the agreement "at any moment".<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-10-01|title=Gazprom says it will supply 5.7 mcm of gas to Moldova daily in October|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russias-gazprom-says-it-will-ship-425-mcm-gas-europe-via-ukraine-thursday-2022-09-29/|access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref>

In October 2022, Russia's exports of crude to China had again surpassed Saudi Arabia's for the 3rd month. Significant increases were seen through the [[Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline]] and seaborne shipments from Russia’s European and Far Eastern ports, up 7.6% from a year ago, according to Chinese customs data. Increased Russian oil exports to China are significant during an overall decline of 9.5 percent crude oil imports into China.<ref>[https://www.arabnews.com/node/2147056/business-economy "Russia continues to be China’s top oil supplier for 3rd month; Saudi Arabia trails behind"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014190538/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2147056/business-economy |date=2022-10-14 }} ''arabnews''. Retrieved 12 Oct 2022.</ref>

==== Spain ====
In [[Spain]], electricity prices rose more than 200% by September 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Spain's Plan to Curb Soaring Energy Prices a Sign of Growing State Intervention |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/spain-s-shock-plan-to-curb-soaring-energy-prices-a-sign-of-growing-state-intervention/6235626.html |work=VOA News |date=20 September 2021}}</ref>{{clarify|needs context to address the broader 2021–2022 energy crises|date=September 2022}}

On 1 November 2021, [[Algeria]] stopped natural gas exports to Spain through the [[Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline]], opting instead to supply Spain through the [[Medgaz]] pipeline.<ref name="euronews.com">{{cite news |title=Europe's energy crisis: Spain presses Algeria to guarantee natural gas supply |url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/10/28/spain-presses-algeria-to-guarantee-natural-gas-supply |work=Euronews |date=28 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="Africanews">{{cite news |title=Algeria to halt gas exports to Spain via Morocco |url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/11/01/algeria-to-halt-gas-exports-to-spain-via-morocco/ |work=Africanews |date=1 November 2021}}</ref> Algeria is Spain's largest gas supplier.<ref name="euronews.com" /><ref name="Africanews" />

==== Switzerland ====
In 2021, the Swiss confederation obtained 45% of its total [[natural gas]] consumption from Russian sources via Germany. Initially, Switzerland has sought to expand its use of natural gas for electricity generation, with three back-up power stations to prepare for any potential energy crunch in the coming years. But in the aftermath of the [[2022 Russian invasion of the Ukraine]], Switzerland imposed financial sanctions against Russian banks, and a ban on Russian crude and petroleum products in June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Keystone-SDA/sb|title=Swiss adopt Russian oil ban and other sanctions over Ukraine war|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/swiss-adopt-russian-oil-ban-and-other-sanctions-over-ukraine-war/47663920|access-date=2022-10-01|website=SWI swissinfo.ch|date=10 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2022, the [[Swiss Federal Council]] presented an emergency plan for [[Energy in Switzerland|Switzerland's energy grid]] with the goal to supply more [[hydroelectric energy]], and assure sufficient external storage for natural gas. Switzerland was also negatively affected by the [[2022 European drought]] with minimal fill volumes of alpine dams.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Notmassnahmen zur Energiekrise – Sommarugas Notfallplan ist unrealistisch|url=https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/sommarugas-notfallplan-ist-unrealistisch-997915472765|access-date=2022-10-01|website=Tages-Anzeiger|date=13 August 2022 |language=de}}</ref>

In September 2022, [[CERN]] officials presented a plan to reduce energy consumption by the [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC). The experimental apparatus consumes about a third of Geneva's electricity during peak demand. The European energy crisis has threatened further research at the facility, which is situated on the French-Swiss border.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Journal/swissinfo|first=Wall Street|title=CERN drafts plans to idle accelerators due to Europe's energy crunch|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/sci-tech/cern-drafts-plans-to-idle-accelerators-due-to-europe-s-energy-crunch/47875950|access-date=2022-10-01|website=SWI swissinfo.ch|date=5 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==== United Kingdom ====
[[File:Great Britain Natural Gas Prices.webp|thumb|Great Britain Natural Gas Prices]]
{{Main|2021 United Kingdom fuel supply crisis|2021 United Kingdom natural gas supplier crisis}}
From August 2021, high European wholesale natural gas prices caused 31 domestic suppliers in the United Kingdom to go out of business, out of a total of 70 that had been in operation at the beginning of the year.<ref>{{Cite news|last=McCann|first=Jaymi|date=24 September 2021|title=Who are the 'Big 6' energy companies? The UK's biggest suppliers explained and why gas prices have gone up|work=i|publisher=[[Associated Newspapers]]|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/big-6-energy-companies-who-uk-biggest-suppliers-gas-prices-why-gone-up-1213822|access-date=27 September 2021|archive-date=27 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927092116/https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/big-6-energy-companies-who-uk-biggest-suppliers-gas-prices-why-gone-up-1213822|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/uk/advisor/energy/failed-uk-energy-suppliers-update/|title=Failed UK Energy Suppliers Update|website=[[Forbes]]|date=18 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Two more UK energy firms go bust as prices soar |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-58903122 |work=BBC News |date=14 October 2021}}</ref> In September 2021, panic buying of petrol and diesel fuel by consumers in the United Kingdom caused serious disruption to the supply of road fuel.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fuel crisis: Business Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng 'not guaranteeing anything' over impact on Christmas |url=https://news.sky.com/story/fuel-crisis-business-secretary-kwasi-kwarteng-not-guaranteeing-anything-over-impact-on-christmas-12421137 |work=Sky News |date=29 September 2021}}</ref>

The [[National Institute of Economic and Social Research]] reported that increasing energy bills have been the cause of double-digit inflation on the [[British Isles]] due to a disruption of energy sales from [[Eastern Europe]]. Economists said that inflation could remain high and likely increase until September 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Editor|first=Steven Swinford, Political Editor &#124; Mehreen Khan, Economics Editor &#124; Emily Gosden, Energy|title=Energy price cap: Energy bills hit £3,500 with worst yet to come|newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/energy-price-cap-rise-october-2022-ofgem-announcement-latest-kgjcqdg0t|access-date=2022-10-01|issn=0140-0460}}</ref>

The energy crisis in the U.K. gave rise to a new societal trend, known as the 'Don't Pay Movement'. With 170,000 signatories the group expects to grow to one million members, and pledges to cancel direct debit payments to energy companies on Oct. 1 when household energy bills are expected to increase by 80%. While the government decried the movement as "irresponsible", it may have influenced Britain's Prime Minister [[Liz Truss]] to expedite new energy relief measures.<ref>[https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/06/uk-energy-bill-boycott-dont-pay-gains-traction-truss-to-offer-relief.html "UK energy bill boycott petition gains traction as new PM Truss under pressure to announce relief measures"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017192043/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/06/uk-energy-bill-boycott-dont-pay-gains-traction-truss-to-offer-relief.html |date=2022-10-17 }}
''cnbc.com.'' Retrieved 9 September 2022.</ref>