Editing Regional effects of the 2021–2022 global energy crisis (section)

==== United States ====
[[File:Natural Gas Prices.webp|thumb|280px|Natural Gas Prices
{{legend-line|#00A2FF solid 3px|[[Residential area|Residential]]}}
{{legend-line|#61D836 solid 3px|Commercial}}
{{legend-line|#929292 solid 3px|Industrial}}
{{legend-line|#F8BA00 solid 3px|[[Electric generation]]}}
{{legend-line|#FF2600 solid 3px|Export prices}}
]]
[[File:Price of coal.webp|thumb|280px|right|Price of coal in the United States]]
[[File:Gasoline supply.webp|thumb|Gasoline supply]]
[[File:Gas price display outside Boston, May 2022.jpg|thumb|Gasoline price display in Massachusetts in May 2022, showing prices above {{convert|4|$/USgal|$/L|2|abbr=on}}.]]
Energy Secretary [[Jennifer Granholm]] blamed the [[OPEC]] oil cartel led by [[Saudi Arabia]] and the U.S. gas and [[petroleum industry]] for rising motor fuel prices in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |title=US energy secretary blames Opec 'cartel' for high petrol prices |url=https://www.ft.com/content/cecf912d-705e-47b0-9ceb-911e7c517fd8 |work=Financial Times |date=31 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Energy secretary says she hopes gas prices won't reach $4 |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/sunday-talk-shows/580434-energy-secretary-says-she-hopes-gas-prices-wont-reach-4 |work=The Hill |date=7 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Granholm Takes Gas Price Blame Shifting To New Heights In Sunday Interview |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidblackmon/2021/11/08/granholm-takes-gas-price-blame-shifting-to-new-heights-in-sunday-interview/ |work=Forbes |date=8 November 2021}}</ref> As the ''Financial Times'' reported on 4 November: "The White House has said OPEC+ risks imperiling the global economic recovery by refusing to speed up oil production increases and warned the U.S. was prepared to use 'all tools' necessary to lower fuel prices."<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden's other setback: OPEC+ ignores his plea for help |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/580486-bidens-other-setback-opec-ignores-his-plea-for-help |work=The Hill |date=8 November 2021}}</ref>

According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, American families heating with propane can expect to pay 54% more in winter 2021/2022 than they did last year.<ref>{{cite web |title=EIA expects U.S. households to spend more on energy this winter|publisher=U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url=https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=49936 |date=13 October 2021|access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref>

On 23 November 2021, the [[Biden administration]] announced it would release 50 million barrels of oil from the [[Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States)|Strategic Petroleum Reserve]] (SPR).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ferek|first=Timothy Puko and Katy Stech|date=2021-11-23|title=Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Why Is Biden Tapping It and Will It Bring Lower Gas Prices?|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-is-biden-tapping-the-strategic-oil-reserve-and-will-that-lower-gas-prices-11637680300|access-date=2022-10-01|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

Due to the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and subsequent [[international sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War]] against Russia, oil prices worldwide soared. In the beginning of March 2022, the price of [[Brent Crude]] passed US$113 a barrel, the highest level since June 2014, while [[West Texas Intermediate]] was trading at just under US$110 a barrel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60584798 |title=Oil price rises again as buyers shun Russian crude |last=Martin |first=Josh |website=BBC News |date=2 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022}}</ref> On 8 March, President [[Joe Biden]] ordered a ban on imports of Russian oil, gas and coal to the US.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-us-russia-oil-ban-120c0152cf310a5b593f6ae7a2857e62 |title=US strikes harder at Putin, banning all Russian oil imports |last1=Miller |first1=Zeke |last2=Balsamo |first2=Mike |last3=Boak |first3=Josh |website=Associated Press |date=9 March 2022 |access-date=11 March 2022}}</ref> Biden ordered another 30 million barrels of oil released from the SPR in early March, which on 31 March was followed by a release of 1 million barrels on average per day for 180 days, the latter on which is the largest release from the SPR in its history.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.axios.com/biden-strategic-petroleum-reserve-oil-release-382b5121-a795-4c33-80f0-b9dc832e46e4.html |title=Biden ordering massive release of oil in bid to curb gas prices |last1=Geman |first1=Ben |last2=Doherty |first2=Erin |website=Axios |date=1 April 2022 |access-date=4 April 2022}}</ref> The Biden administration was pressed on potential oil deals with [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Venezuela]], and [[Iran]] that would have them increase their [[List of countries by oil production|oil production]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Knickmeyer |first1=Ellen |last2=Bussewitz |first2=Cathy |title=Pariahs no more? US reaches out to oil states as prices rise |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-biden-business-europe-saudi-arabia-f30cd495adf6a7c58b269d508f3007b2 |work=Associated Press |date=10 March 2022 |access-date=10 March 2022}}</ref> However, so far, Saudi Arabia and the [[United Arab Emirates]] have declined requests from the US.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lonas |first=Lexi |title=Saudi, UAE leaders declined calls with Biden amid Ukraine conflict: report |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/597436-saudi-uae-leaders-declined-calls-with-biden-amid-ukraine-conflict |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=8 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mohammed bin Salman Has Leverage on Biden—and Is Using It |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/24/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-ukraine-oil-biden-opec/ |work=Foreign Policy |date=24 March 2022}}</ref> In May 2022, the Biden Administration announced that it will allow European oil companies to acquire Venezuelan crude immediately but dismissed calls for the US to unilaterally lift all sanctions against Venezuela.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-18|title=U.S. to ease sanctions on Venezuela, enabling cargoes to Europe|url=https://www.worldoil.com/news/2022/5/18/u-s-to-ease-sanctions-on-venezuela-enabling-cargoes-to-europe/|access-date=2022-10-01|website=www.worldoil.com|language=en}}</ref>

On 14 June 2022, the American Petroleum Institute unveiled a ten-point policy plan advising how to reduce the price of fuel in the United States and globally. Some of those points include lifting development restrictions on federal lands and waters, ending permitting obstruction on natural gas projects, revising the National Environmental Policy Act process to reduce some of the "bureaucracy" placed on energy projects, among other suggestions.<ref>{{cite web |title=API Unveils Ten-Point Policy Plan to Restore U.S. Energy Leadership, Fuel Economic Recovery|url=https://www.api.org/news-policy-and-issues/news/2022/06/13/ten-point-plan-to-restore-us-energy-leadership-fuel-economic-recovery|date=14 June 2022}}</ref>

During Biden's visit in [[Saudi Arabia]] on 16 July 2022, the US president failed to secure commitments for an immediate OPEC output rise as intended. With economic sanctions in place against Iran and Venezuela, energy analysts expect a tight petroleum market well into 2023. In contrast to the United States, European countries would like to see a return of [[Iran]] and [[Venezuela]] to the global oil market to ease inflationary pressures worldwide.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Holland|first1=Steve|last2=Yaakoubi|first2=Aziz El|last3=Renshaw|first3=Jarrett|last4=Dahan|first4=Maha El|date=2022-07-16|title=Biden fails to secure major security, oil commitments at Arab summit|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/biden-hopes-more-oil-israeli-integration-arab-summit-saudi-2022-07-16/|access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=France wants return of Iran, Venezuela to global oil market|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/international-relations/france-wants-return-of-iran-venezuela-to-global-oil-market/35699|access-date=2022-10-01|website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref>

In late August 2022, Saudi Arabia and OPEC announced another possible cut in oil output, [[Brent crude]] futures rose again significantly. Meanwhile, Iran accused the United States of procrastinating in efforts to revive Tehran's 2015 nuclear deal. At the same time, Europe continued to face disruptions in energy supplies due to damage to a pipeline system bringing oil from [[Kazakhstan]] through Russia.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kearney|first=Laila|date=2022-08-23|title=Oil jumps nearly 4% on possible OPEC+ supply tightening|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/oil-prices-rise-after-saudi-says-opec-could-cut-output-2022-08-23/|access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref>

The energy crisis as well as economic sanctions against Russia's petrochemical industry have benefited the U.S. energy economy while Europe suffers. Exports of American LNG to Europe have more than doubled since 2021. According to the [[International Energy Agency]], US shipments of natural gas to Europe in June 2022 exceeded the amount Russia was supplying via pipelines.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Robertson|first=Harry|title=Energy traders are making a killing exporting US natural gas to Europe as prices soar – with some single shipments bringing in $200 million|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/us-natural-gas-exports-europe-surge-energy-crisis-trader-profits-2022-8|access-date=2022-10-01|website=Markets Insider|language=en-US}}</ref>

On 5 October 2022, [[Russia]] and [[Saudi Arabia]] agreed to further cut crude oil output by 2 million barrels a day. The [[White House]] called the decision "shortsighted", and accused OPEC+ to align with Russia. Decreased supply could benefit Russia's petrochemical industry. The US would release oil from its strategic reserves according to government sources.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2022/10/05/1126754169/opec-oil-production-cut "Russia and Saudi Arabia agree to massive cuts to oil output. Here's why it matters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017185600/https://www.npr.org/2022/10/05/1126754169/opec-oil-production-cut |date=2022-10-17 }}" ''npr.org''. Retrieved 5 October 2022.</ref>