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===Other definitions=== * "A game is a form of art in which participants, termed ''players'', make decisions in order to manage resources through game tokens in the pursuit of a goal." ([[Greg Costikyan]])<ref name="no words">{{Cite web |last=Costikyan |first=Greg |author-link=Greg Costikyan |year=1994 |title=I Have No Words & I Must Design |url=http://www.costik.com/nowords.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812015347/http://www.costik.com/nowords.html |archive-date=12 August 2008 |access-date=17 August 2008}}</ref> According to this definition, some "games" that do not involve choices, such as [[Chutes and Ladders]], [[Candy Land]], and [[War (card game)|War]] are not technically games any more than a slot machine is. * "A game is a form of play with goals and structure." (Kevin J. Maroney)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maroney |first=Kevin |year=2001 |title=My Entire Waking Life |url=http://www.thegamesjournal.com/articles/MyEntireWakingLife.shtml |journal=The Games Journal |access-date=17 August 2008 |archive-date=21 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121181715/http://www.thegamesjournal.com/articles/MyEntireWakingLife.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> * "A game is a system in which players engage in an artificial conflict, defined by rules, that results in a quantifiable outcome." ([[Katie Salen]] and [[Eric Zimmerman]])<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Salen |first1=Katie |title=Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals |title-link=Rules of Play |last2=Zimmerman |first2=Eric |publisher=MIT Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-262-24045-1 |page=80 |author-link=Katie Salen |author-link2=Eric Zimmerman}}</ref> * "A game is an ''activity'' among two or more independent ''decision-makers'' seeking to achieve their ''objectives'' in some ''limiting context.''" ([[Clark C. Abt]])<ref name="Abt1987">{{Cite book |last=Clark C. Abt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axUs9HA-hF8C |title=Serious Games |publisher=University Press of America |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-8191-6148-2}}</ref> * "At its most elementary level then we can define game as an exercise of voluntary control systems in which there is an opposition between forces, confined by a procedure and rules in order to produce a disequilibrial outcome." (Elliot Avedon and [[Brian Sutton-Smith]])<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Avedon |first1=Elliot |title=The Study of Games |last2=Sutton-Smith |first2=Brian |publisher=J. Wiley |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-471-03839-9 |page=405 |author-link2=Brian Sutton-Smith}}</ref> * "To play a game is to engage in activity directed toward bringing about a specific state of affairs, using only means permitted by specific rules, where the means permitted by the rules are more limited in scope than they would be in the absence of the rules, and where the sole reason for accepting such limitation is to make possible such activity." (Bernard Suits)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Suits |first=Bernard |year=1967 |title=What Is a Game? |journal=Philosophy of Science |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=148β156 |doi=10.1086/288138 |jstor=186102 |s2cid=119699909}}</ref> * "When you strip away the genre differences and the technological complexities, all games share four defining traits: a goal, rules, a feedback system, and voluntary participation." ([[Jane McGonigal]])<ref>{{Cite book |last=McGonigal |first=Jane |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780143120612 |title=Reality is Broken |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-14-312061-2 |url-access=registration}}</ref>
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