Editing 2022 in science (section)

===May===
[[File:EHT Saggitarius A black hole.tif|thumb|12 May: [[Sagittarius A*]], black hole in the center of the Milky Way, revealed by the Event Horizon Telescope team]]
*1 May
**A [[preprint]] indicates [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant#BA.1 and BA.2 differences|Omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5]] can cause a large share of <!--[[COVID-19#Immunity]]-->[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2#Reinfection|reinfection]]s, beyond the increase of reinfections caused by the Omicron lineage, even for people who [[Immunological memory|were infected]] by Omicron BA.1 due to increases in <!--[[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant#Immune evasion]]-->[[immune evasion]], especially for the [[COVID19 vaccine|unvaccinated]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How soon after catching COVID-19 can you get it again? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/health/2022-05-03/covid-19-reinfection-what-are-the-odds-of-catching-it-twice/101024180 |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=ABC News |date=2 May 2022 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Khan |first1=Khadija |last2=Karim |first2=Farina |last3=Ganga |first3=Yashica |last4=Bernstein |first4=Mallory |last5=Jule |first5=Zesuliwe |last6=Reedoy |first6=Kajal |last7=Cele |first7=Sandile |last8=Lustig |first8=Gila |last9=Amoako |first9=Daniel |last10=Wolter |first10=Nicole |last11=Samsunder |first11=Natasha |last12=Sivro |first12=Aida |last13=San |first13=James Emmanuel |last14=Giandhari |first14=Jennifer |last15=Tegally |first15=Houriiyah |last16=Pillay |first16=Sureshnee |last17=Naidoo |first17=Yeshnee |last18=Mazibuko |first18=Matilda |last19=Miya |first19=Yoliswa |last20=Ngcobo |first20=Nokuthula |last21=Manickchund |first21=Nithendra |last22=Magula |first22=Nombulelo |last23=Karim |first23=Quarraisha Abdool |last24=Gottberg |first24=Anne von |last25=Karim |first25=Salim S. Abdool |last26=Hanekom |first26=Willem |last27=Gosnell |first27=Bernadett I. |last28=Team |first28=Commit-Kzn |last29=Lessells |first29=Richard J. |last30=Oliveira |first30=Tulio de |last31=Moosa |first31=Mahomed-Yunus S. |last32=Sigal |first32=Alex |title=Omicron sub-lineages BA.4/BA.5 escape BA.1 infection elicited neutralizing immunity |website=medRxiv |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.22274477v1 |access-date=24 June 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.04.29.22274477 |date=1 May 2022|s2cid=248474643 }}</ref> On 18 May, a study shows that [[Immunity (medical)#Naturally acquired|immunity from an Omicron infection]] for unvaccinated and previously uninfected is weak "against non-Omicron [[Variants of SARS-CoV-2|variants]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Williams |first1=Sarah C. p |title='Natural immunity' from omicron is weak and limited, study finds |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-natural-immunity-omicron-weak-limited.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=Gladstone Institutes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Suryawanshi |first1=Rahul K. |last2=Chen |first2=Irene P. |last3=Ma |first3=Tongcui |last4=Syed |first4=Abdullah M. |last5=Brazer |first5=Noah |last6=Saldhi |first6=Prachi |last7=Simoneau |first7=Camille R. |last8=Ciling |first8=Alison |last9=Khalid |first9=Mir M. |last10=Sreekumar |first10=Bharath |last11=Chen |first11=Pei-Yi |last12=Kumar |first12=G. Renuka |last13=Montano |first13=Mauricio |last14=Gascon |first14=Ronne |last15=Tsou |first15=Chia-Lin |last16=Garcia-Knight |first16=Miguel A. |last17=Sotomayor-Gonzalez |first17=Alicia |last18=Servellita |first18=Venice |last19=Gliwa |first19=Amelia |last20=Nguyen |first20=Jenny |last21=Silva |first21=Ines |last22=Milbes |first22=Bilal |last23=Kojima |first23=Noah |last24=Hess |first24=Victoria |last25=Shacreaw |first25=Maria |last26=Lopez |first26=Lauren |last27=Brobeck |first27=Matthew |last28=Turner |first28=Fred |last29=Soveg |first29=Frank W. |last30=George |first30=Ashley F. |last31=Fang |first31=Xiaohui |last32=Maishan |first32=Mazharul |last33=Matthay |first33=Michael |last34=Morris |first34=Mary Kate |last35=Wadford |first35=Debra |last36=Hanson |first36=Carl |last37=Greene |first37=Warner C. |last38=Andino |first38=Raul |last39=Spraggon |first39=Lee |last40=Roan |first40=Nadia R. |last41=Chiu |first41=Charles Y. |last42=Doudna |first42=Jennifer A. |last43=Ott |first43=Melanie |title=Limited cross-variant immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron without vaccination |journal=Nature |date=18 May 2022 |volume=607 |issue=7918 |pages=351–355 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04865-0 |pmid=35584773 |pmc=9279157 |bibcode=2022Natur.607..351S |s2cid=248890159 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**A [[preprint]] suggests that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in or transmitted through the air are an unrecognized mechanism by which, transferred, [[passive immunity|passive immune protection]] occurs.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study suggests aerosol transmission of antibodies may contribute to host protection against SARS-CoV-2 |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220503/Study-suggests-aerosol-transmission-of-antibodies-may-contribute-to-host-protection-against-SARS-CoV-2.aspx |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=3 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kedl |first1=Ross M. |last2=Hsieh |first2=Elena |last3=Morrison |first3=Thomas E. |last4=Samayoa-Reyes |first4=Gabriela |last5=Flaherty |first5=Siobhan |last6=Jackson |first6=Conner L. |last7=Rochford |first7=Rosemary |title=Evidence for Aerosol Transfer of SARS-CoV2-specific Humoral Immunity |website=medRxiv |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.22274443v1.full-text |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.04.28.22274443 |date=1 May 2022|s2cid=248474649 }}</ref> However, if not sustained, protection from [[Herd immunity#Passive immunity|passive herd immunity is thought to wane over the course of weeks to months]].
*4 May
**NASA reports the [[sonification]] (converting astronomical data associated with [[Longitudinal wave|pressure waves]] into [[sound]]) of the [[black hole]] at the center of the [[Perseus Cluster|Perseus galaxy cluster]].<ref name="NASA-20220504">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Watzke |first1=Megan |last2=Porter |first2=Molly |last3=Mohon |first3=Lee |title=New NASA Black Hole Sonifications with a Remix |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/new-nasa-black-hole-sonifications-with-a-remix.html |date=4 May 2022 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=11 May 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20220507">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Hear the Weird Sounds of a Black Hole Singing - As part of an effort to "sonify" the cosmos, researchers have converted the pressure waves from a black hole into an audible ... something.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/07/science/space/astronomy-black-hole-sound.html  |date=7 May 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=11 May 2022 }}</ref>
**A single [[master gene]] that programs [[ear hair]] cells into either outer or inner ones is discovered, overcoming a major hurdle that had prevented the development of these cells to reverse [[hearing loss]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New Tool to Create Hearing Cells Lost in Aging |url=https://news.feinberg.northwestern.edu/2022/05/new-tool-to-create-hearing-cells-lost-in-aging/|website=Northwestern University|date=4 May 2022 |access-date=12 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=García-Añoveros |first1=Jaime |last2=Clancy |first2=John C. |last3=Foo |first3=Chuan Zhi |last4=García-Gómez |first4=Ignacio |last5=Zhou |first5=Yingjie |last6=Homma |first6=Kazuaki |last7=Cheatham |first7=Mary Ann |last8=Duggan |first8=Anne |title=Tbx2 is a master regulator of inner versus outer hair cell differentiation |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7909 |pages=298–303 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04668-3 |pmid=35508658 |pmc=9803360 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..298G |s2cid=248527577 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**A study complements [[life-cycle assessment]] studies, showing substantial [[deforestation]] reduction (56%) and [[climate change mitigation]] if only {{tooltip|2=(on a protein basis)|20%}} of per-capita beef [[Environmental impact of meat production|was replaced]] by [[microbial food cultures|microbial protein]] by 2050.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Swapping 20% of beef for microbial protein 'could halve deforestation' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/04/swapping-20-of-beef-for-quorn-could-halve-global-deforestation |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=4 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Humpenöder |first1=Florian |last2=Bodirsky |first2=Benjamin Leon |last3=Weindl |first3=Isabelle |last4=Lotze-Campen |first4=Hermann |last5=Linder |first5=Tomas |last6=Popp |first6=Alexander |title=Projected environmental benefits of replacing beef with microbial protein |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7908 |pages=90–96 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04629-w |pmid=35508780 |bibcode=2022Natur.605...90H |s2cid=248526001 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url=https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_27105_5/component/file_27634/27105oa.pdf }}</ref>
**A study suggests, using an epidemiological model<!-- (but not empirical data)-->, that by reducing the transferred [[viral load]], [[Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic|face masks against COVID19]] may be beneficial for [[variolation]] whereby "smaller infectious doses tend to yield milder infections, yet ultimately [[passive immunity|induce similar levels of immunity]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Hidden benefit: Facemasks may reduce severity of COVID-19 and pressure on health systems, researchers find |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-hidden-benefit-facemasks-severity-covid-.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=McMaster University |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Levine |first1=Zachary |last2=Earn |first2=David J. D. |title=Face masking and COVID-19: potential effects of variolation on transmission dynamics |journal=Journal of the Royal Society Interface |year=2022 |volume=19 |issue=190 |pages=20210781 |doi=10.1098/rsif.2021.0781|pmid=35506215 |pmc=9065959 }}</ref>
*5 May
**The monthly average [[Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere|carbon dioxide ({{CO2}}) level in Earth's atmosphere]] exceeds 420 [[Parts-per notation|parts per million]] (ppm) for the first time in [[Keeling Curve|recorded history]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Earth's {{CO2}} hits highest recorded level in human history |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/carbon-dioxide-record-co2-b2072614.html|website=The Independent|date=7 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide |url=https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html|website=NOAA|date=9 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref>
**A new approach to reverse of [[neuropathic pain]] is demonstrated in animals – a [[gene therapy]] for local [[transgene]]s encoding for (releasing) [[GABA]] which is effective for months at a time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Gene therapy shows promise in treating neuropathy from spinal cord injuries |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-gene-therapy-neuropathy-spinal-cord.html |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=University of California-San Diego |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tadokoro |first1=Takahiro |last2=Bravo-Hernandez |first2=Mariana |last3=Agashkov |first3=Kirill |last4=Kobayashi |first4=Yoshiomi |display-authors=et al. |title=Precision spinal gene delivery-induced functional switch in nociceptive neurons reverses neuropathic pain |journal=Molecular Therapy |date=May 2022 |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=2722–2745 |doi=10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.023|pmid=35524407 |pmc=9372322 |s2cid=248553626}}</ref>
**A study demonstrates that a 30% [[caloric restriction]] [[life extension|extended life spans]] of male [[C57BL/6J]] mice by 10% but when combined with daily [[intermittent fasting]] and eating during the most active time of the day it extended life span by 35%.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Cutting calories and eating at the right time of day leads to longer life in mice |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-calories-day-longer-life-mice.html |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=Howard Hughes Medical Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Acosta-Rodríguez |first1=Victoria |last2=Rijo-Ferreira |first2=Filipa |last3=Izumo |first3=Mariko |last4=Xu |first4=Pin |last5=Wight-Carter |first5=Mary |last6=Green |first6=Carla B. |last7=Takahashi |first7=Joseph S. |title=Circadian alignment of early onset caloric restriction promotes longevity in male C57BL/6J mice |journal=Science |date=10 June 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6598 |pages=1192–1202 |doi=10.1126/science.abk0297 |pmid=35511946 |pmc=9262309 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1192A |s2cid=248544027 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
[[File:Potential CO2 emissions from large fossil fuel projects 'carbon bombs' per country.jpg|thumb|12 May: Researchers identify the 425 biggest fossil fuel extraction projects globally, 40% of which haven't yet started extraction, that threaten [[climate change mitigation]] of global climate goals.]]
*6 May
**Scientists report the discovery of 830{{Non breaking hyphen}}million-year-old [[microorganism]]s in fluid inclusions within [[halite]] that may, [[List of longest-living organisms#Microorganisms|potentially, still be alive]]. According to the researchers, "This study has implications for the search for life in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial chemical sedimentary rocks."<ref name="SA-20220516">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Starr |first=Michelle |title=Potentially Alive 830-Million-Year-Old Organisms Found Trapped in Ancient Rock |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/830-million-year-old-microorganisms-found-trapped-in-australian-rock |date=16 May 2022 |work=[[ScienceAlert]] |access-date=17 May 2022 }}</ref><ref name="GEO-202200506">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Schreder-Gomes, Sara I. |display-authors=et al. |title=830-million-year-old microorganisms in primary fluid inclusions in halite |date=6 May 2022 |journal=[[Geology (journal)|Geology]] |volume=50 |issue=8 |pages=918–922 |doi=10.1130/G49957.1 |bibcode=2022Geo....50..918S |s2cid=248629125 }}</ref>
**Low [[butyrylcholinesterase]] specific activity is identified as a potential [[Biomarker (medicine)|biomarker]] for infants at risk for [[sudden infant death syndrome]] in a small [[Crowdfunding#Science|crowd-funded]] study<!-- which does not contain information about the risk factor of low birth weight-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=No, that study didn't find 'the cause of SIDS.' Experts explain. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/parenting/2022/05/23/cause-of-sids-study/ |access-date=23 June 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Harrington |first1=Carmel Therese |last2=Hafid |first2=Naz Al |last3=Waters |first3=Karen Ann |title=Butyrylcholinesterase is a potential biomarker for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome |journal=EBioMedicine |date=June 2022 |volume=80 |pages=104041 |doi=10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104041|pmid=35533499 |pmc=9092508 |s2cid=248645079 }}</ref>
*8 May &ndash; The UK's [[Met Office]] warns, with [[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]] affirmation,<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=WMO update: 50:50 chance of global temperature temporarily reaching 1.5&nbsp;°C threshold in next five years |url=https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-update-5050-chance-of-global-temperature-temporarily-reaching-15%C2%B0c-threshold |website=public.wmo.int |access-date=24 June 2022 |language=en |date=9 May 2022}}</ref> that the probability of [[Global temperature record|global average temperatures]] reaching [[Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C|1.5&nbsp;°C]] above pre-industrial levels over the next five years is now almost 50:50 (48%). It also predicts a more than 90% chance that a new record high will occur in at least one year from 2022 to 2026.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Climate change: 'Fifty-fifty chance' of breaching 1.5C warming limit |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61383391|website=BBC News|date=10 May 2022 |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Temporary breaching of 1.5C in next five years? |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/news/weather-and-climate/2022/decadal-forecast-2022|website=Met Office|date=8 May 2022 |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>
*9 May
**A study reports that declining numbers of the largest fish on Earth, the endangered [[whale shark]], may be linked to collisions [[Environmental impact of shipping|with large vessels]] in the global transport fleet.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Global shipping trade is killing whale sharks |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/05/14/whale-sharks-deaths-ships/ |access-date=28 June 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Womersley |first1=Freya C. |display-authors=etal |date=2022|title= Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world's largest fish, the whale shark |journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |doi=10.1073/pnas.2117440119|pmid=35533277 |volume=119 |issue=20 |pages=e2117440119 |pmc=9171791 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11917440W |hdl=10754/676739 |s2cid=248667747 }}</ref>
**News outlets report about the first global, interactive AI- and [[Earth observation satellite#Environmental monitoring|satellite monitoring]]-based, map and analysis of [[plastic waste]] sites<!-- which was first published in April 2022--> to help [[waste management|prevention]] of [[plastic pollution]], especially [[ocean pollution]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Frost |first1=Rosie |title=Plastic waste can now be found and monitored from space |url=https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/05/09/the-world-s-plastic-waste-has-been-mapped-from-space-for-the-first-time-ever |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=euronews |date=9 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Global Plastic Watch |url=https://globalplasticwatch.org/map |website=www.globalplasticwatch.org |access-date=24 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*10 May &ndash; A sixth [[Coral bleaching|mass bleaching event]] is recorded at the [[Great Barrier Reef]], with 91% of corals affected.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title='Devastating': 91% of reefs surveyed on Great Barrier Reef affected by coral bleaching in 2022 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/10/devastating-90-of-reefs-surveyed-on-great-barrier-reef-affected-by-coral-bleaching-in-2022|website=The Guardian|date=10 May 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Reef health |url=https://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/the-reef/reef-health|website=Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority|date=10 May 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022}}</ref>
[[File:Universe Antiuniverse model.png|thumb|18 May and 2 May: Two separate studies show how two [[Multiverse|twin-universe]] cosmological models could each explain specific open problems [[List of unsolved problems in physics|of physics]] or [[cosmology]].]]
*11 May
**A logic gate for computation at [[femtosecond]] timescales is demonstrated.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Laser bursts drive fastest-ever logic gates |url=https://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/laser-driven-logic-gates-petahertz-ultrafast-computers-522142/|website=[[University of Rochester]]|date=11 May 2022 |access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Boolakee |first1=Tobias |last2=Heide |first2=Christian |last3=Garzón-Ramírez |first3=Antonio |last4=Weber |first4=Heiko B. |last5=Franco |first5=Ignacio |last6=Hommelhoff |first6=Peter |title=Light-field control of real and virtual charge carriers |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7909 |pages=251–255 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04565-9 |pmid=35546189 |arxiv=2203.03509 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..251B |s2cid=247292038 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**A study shows that infusing the nourishing [[cerebrospinal fluid]] from around brain cells of young mice into [[brain aging|aged brains]] rejuvenates aspects of the brain, identifying [[FGF17]] as a key target for potential therapeutics such as [[Life extension#EndogenousCirculatingBiomolecules|of anti-aging]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Giving an old mouse cerebrospinal fluid from a young mouse improves its memory |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-mouse-cerebrospinal-fluid-young-memory.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Verjüngung der Gedächtnisleistung von alten Mäusen |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/verjuengung-der-gedaechtnisleistung-von-alten-maeusen/ |publisher=[[Science Media Centre#Other SMCs|Science Media Centre Germany]] |access-date=22 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Iram |first1=Tal |last2=Kern |first2=Fabian |last3=Kaur |first3=Achint |last4=Myneni |first4=Saket |last5=Morningstar |first5=Allison R. |last6=Shin |first6=Heather |last7=Garcia |first7=Miguel A. |last8=Yerra |first8=Lakshmi |last9=Palovics |first9=Robert |last10=Yang |first10=Andrew C. |last11=Hahn |first11=Oliver |last12=Lu |first12=Nannan |last13=Shuken |first13=Steven R. |last14=Haney |first14=Michael S. |last15=Lehallier |first15=Benoit |last16=Iyer |first16=Manasi |last17=Luo |first17=Jian |last18=Zetterberg |first18=Henrik |last19=Keller |first19=Andreas |last20=Zuchero |first20=J. Bradley |last21=Wyss-Coray |first21=Tony |title=Young CSF restores oligodendrogenesis and memory in aged mice via Fgf17 |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7910 |pages=509–515 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04722-0 |pmid=35545674 |pmc=9377328 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..509I |s2cid=248741220 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**Scientists close a missing link in the potential [[abiogenesis|origin of life]] from a [[RNA world]] – synergistic formation of [[peptide]]s and ever-longer [[RNA]]s or peptide-decorated RNA, leading to a [[protein]] world.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How life could have arisen on an 'RNA world' |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/how-life-could-have-arisen-rna-world |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=www.science.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Müller |first1=Felix |last2=Escobar |first2=Luis |last3=Xu |first3=Felix |last4=Węgrzyn |first4=Ewa |last5=Nainytė |first5=Milda |last6=Amatov |first6=Tynchtyk |last7=Chan |first7=Chun-Yin |last8=Pichler |first8=Alexander |last9=Carell |first9=Thomas |title=A prebiotically plausible scenario of an RNA–peptide world |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7909 |pages=279–284 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04676-3 |pmid=35546190 |pmc=9095488 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..279M |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**A study suggests that in [[Child development|children]] at age 8–12 during two years, time [[Digital media use and mental health#Impact on cognition|gaming or watching digital videos can be positively correlated]] with [[Cognitive development|measures intelligence]], albeit correlations with overall [[screen time]] (including social media, socializing and TV) were not investigated and 'time gaming' did not differentiate between categories of video games (e.g. shares of games' platform and [[List of video game genres|genre]])<!--, and digital videos did not differentiate between categories of videos-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Video games can boost children's intelligence: study |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-video-games-boost-children-intelligence.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=[[Karolinska Institutet]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sauce |first1=Bruno |last2=Liebherr |first2=Magnus |last3=Judd |first3=Nicholas |last4=Klingberg |first4=Torkel |title=The impact of digital media on children's intelligence while controlling for genetic differences in cognition and socioeconomic background |journal=Scientific Reports |date=11 May 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=7720 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-11341-2 |pmid=35545630 |pmc=9095723 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12.7720S |language=en |issn=2045-2322}}</ref>
*12 May
**[[Sagittarius A*]], the [[supermassive black hole]] at the center of the [[Milky Way|Milky Way galaxy]], is imaged for the first time by the [[Event Horizon Telescope]] team.<ref name="NYT-20220512">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Has the Milky Way's Black Hole Come to Light? - The Event Horizon Telescope reaches again for a glimpse of the "unseeable". |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/science/black-hole-photo.html |date=12 May 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=12 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Telescopes Get Extraordinary View of Milky Way's Black Hole - Teachable Moments |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2022/5/12/telescopes-get-extraordinary-view-of-milky-ways-black-hole/ |website=NASA/JPL Edu |access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>
**Researchers report that [[lunar soil]] has been used to [[Plants in space|grow plants]] for the first time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Moon soil used to grow plants for first time in breakthrough test |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61434295|website=BBC News|date=13 May 2022 |access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=A first: Scientists grow plants in soil from the moon |url=https://news.ufl.edu/2022/05/lunar-plants/|website=[[University of Florida]]|date=12 May 2022 |access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Paul |first1=Anna-Lisa |last2=Elardo |first2=Stephen M. |last3=Ferl |first3=Robert |title=Plants grown in Apollo lunar regolith present stress-associated transcriptomes that inform prospects for lunar exploration |journal=Communications Biology |date=12 May 2022 |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=382 |doi=10.1038/s42003-022-03334-8 |pmid=35552509 |pmc=9098553 |language=en |issn=2399-3642}}</ref>
**Researchers identify the 425 biggest fossil fuel extraction projects globally, of which 40% as of 2020 are new projects that haven't yet started extraction. They conclude that "defusing" these "carbon bombs" – worked on by only "few actors" to date – would be necessary for [[climate change mitigation]] of global climate goals.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kühne |first1=Kjell |last2=Bartsch |first2=Nils |last3=Tate |first3=Ryan Driskell |last4=Higson |first4=Julia |last5=Habet |first5=André |title="Carbon Bombs" - Mapping key fossil fuel projects |journal=Energy Policy |date=1 July 2022 |volume=166 |pages=112950 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112950 |s2cid=248756651 |language=en |issn=0301-4215}}
* News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Taylor |first1=Damian Carrington Matthew |title=Revealed: the 'carbon bombs' set to trigger catastrophic climate breakdown |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2022/may/11/fossil-fuel-carbon-bombs-climate-breakdown-oil-gas |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> On 17 May, a separate study finds that "staying within a 1.5 °C [[carbon budget]] (50% probability) implies leaving almost 40% of 'developed reserves' of [[fossil fuels]] unextracted".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Trout |first1=Kelly |last2=Muttitt |first2=Greg |last3=Lafleur |first3=Dimitri |last4=Van de Graaf |first4=Thijs |last5=Mendelevitch |first5=Roman |last6=Mei |first6=Lan |last7=Meinshausen |first7=Malte |title=Existing fossil fuel extraction would warm the world beyond 1.5 °C |journal=Environmental Research Letters |date=17 May 2022 |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=064010 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac6228 |bibcode=2022ERL....17f4010T |s2cid=248853320 |language=en |issn=1748-9326}}
* News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study warns nearly half of fossil fuel sites need to be shut down to avoid climate disaster |url=https://interestingengineering.com/fossil-fuel-sites-shut-down-avoid-climate-disaster |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Interesting Engineering}}</ref> On 26 May, a study calculates climate policies-induced future lost financial profits from global [[stranded asset|stranded]] [[Fossil fuel divestment|fossil-fuel]] [[asset]]s.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Semieniuk |first1=Gregor |last2=Holden |first2=Philip B. |last3=Mercure |first3=Jean-Francois |last4=Salas |first4=Pablo |last5=Pollitt |first5=Hector |last6=Jobson |first6=Katharine |last7=Vercoulen |first7=Pim |last8=Chewpreecha |first8=Unnada |last9=Edwards |first9=Neil R. |last10=Viñuales |first10=Jorge E. |title=Stranded fossil-fuel assets translate to major losses for investors in advanced economies |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=June 2022 |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=532–538 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01356-y |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..532S |s2cid=249069181 |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}
* News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=People in US and UK face huge financial hit if fossil fuels lose value, study shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/26/people-in-us-and-uk-face-huge-financial-hit-if-fossil-fuels-lose-value-study-shows |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=26 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*17 May
**Isotopically pure [[silicon-28]] [[nanowire]]s are shown to conduct heat 150% better than regular silicon, with potential for improved cooling of computer chips.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New silicon nanowires can really take the heat |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-silicon-nanowires.html|website=Phys.org|date=17 May 2022 |access-date=17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ci |first1=Penghong |last2=Sun |first2=Muhua |last3=Upadhyaya |first3=Meenakshi |last4=Song |first4=Houfu |last5=Jin |first5=Lei |last6=Sun |first6=Bo |last7=Jones |first7=Matthew R. |last8=Ager |first8=Joel W. |last9=Aksamija |first9=Zlatan |last10=Wu |first10=Junqiao |title=Giant Isotope Effect of Thermal Conductivity in Silicon Nanowires |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=23 February 2022 |volume=128 |issue=8 |pages=085901 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.085901|pmid=35275649 |bibcode=2022PhRvL.128h5901C |s2cid=247091546 }}</ref>
**According to reports, the partly-public [[2022 United States Congress hearings on UFOs]] may result in the UAP issue being approached more seriously, such as for a scientific public pursuit for answers and an increased interest from scientists. [[Ufology#Research|Known ongoing scientific research]] is conducted by non-profit groups of researchers that use or develop expensive equipment for new high-quality data<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=David |first1=Leonard |title=What's next for UFO studies after landmark congressional hearing? |url=https://www.space.com/future-ufo-research-after-congress-hearing |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Space.com |date=18 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=After Congress' first hearing on UFOs in 50 years, some scientists want to be let in on the investigation |url=https://news.yahoo.com/congress-first-hearing-ufos-50-204051516.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=news.yahoo.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Why some scientists want serious research into UFOs |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ufo-science-research-uap-congress-pentagon |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Science News |date=19 May 2022}}</ref> rather than analyzing or systematically organizing public data.
**A review concludes that, like in 2015, [[pollution]] ({{frac|3|4}} from [[air pollution]]) was responsible for [[List of causes of death by rate|9 million premature deaths]] in 2019 (one in six deaths). It concludes that little real [[progress]] against pollution can be identified and outlines needs for attention and action such as a "formal [[applied science|science]]–[[policy]] interface".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Dickie |first1=Gloria |title=Pollution killing 9 million people a year, Africa hardest hit - study |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/pollution-killing-9-million-people-year-africa-hardest-hit-study-2022-05-17/ |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=Reuters |date=18 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Fuller |first1=Richard |last2=Landrigan |first2=Philip J |last3=Balakrishnan |first3=Kalpana |last4=Bathan |first4=Glynda |last5=Bose-O'Reilly |first5=Stephan |last6=Brauer |first6=Michael |last7=Caravanos |first7=Jack |last8=Chiles |first8=Tom |last9=Cohen |first9=Aaron |last10=Corra |first10=Lilian |last11=Cropper |first11=Maureen |last12=Ferraro |first12=Greg |last13=Hanna |first13=Jill |last14=Hanrahan |first14=David |last15=Hu |first15=Howard |last16=Hunter |first16=David |last17=Janata |first17=Gloria |last18=Kupka |first18=Rachael |last19=Lanphear |first19=Bruce |last20=Lichtveld |first20=Maureen |last21=Martin |first21=Keith |last22=Mustapha |first22=Adetoun |last23=Sanchez-Triana |first23=Ernesto |last24=Sandilya |first24=Karti |last25=Schaefli |first25=Laura |last26=Shaw |first26=Joseph |last27=Seddon |first27=Jessica |last28=Suk |first28=William |last29=Téllez-Rojo |first29=Martha María |last30=Yan |first30=Chonghuai |title=Pollution and health: a progress update |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |date=June 2022 |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=e535–e547 |doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0|pmid=35594895 |s2cid=248905224 }}</ref>
**A [[clinical trial|trial]] shows that [[Urolithin A]] can improve muscle strength, [[Performance-enhancing substance|exercise performance]], and [[Biomarker (medicine)|biomarkers]] of [[mitochondria]]l health.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study: Daily intake of Urolithin A improves muscle strength by 12% after four months |url=https://www.news-medical.net/amp/news/20220517/Study-Daily-intake-of-Urolithin-A-improves-muscle-strength-by-1225-after-four-months.aspx |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Singh |first1=Anurag |last2=D'Amico |first2=Davide |last3=Andreux |first3=Pénélope A. |last4=Fouassier |first4=Andréane M. |last5=Blanco-Bose |first5=William |last6=Evans |first6=Mal |last7=Aebischer |first7=Patrick |last8=Auwerx |first8=Johan |last9=Rinsch |first9=Chris |title=Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |date=May 2022 |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=100633 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100633|pmid=35584623 |pmc=9133463 |s2cid=248877320 }}</ref>
*18 May
**NASA reports that the [[Voyager 1]] spacecraft, the farthest human-made object, is sending data that does not reflect what is happening on board with the antenna apparently remaining in its prescribed orientation to Earth.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Voyager is sending 'impossible data' back to Nasa from the edge of the Solar System |url=https://news.yahoo.com/voyager-sending-impossible-data-back-051015157.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=news.yahoo.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Engineers Investigating NASA's Voyager 1 Telemetry Data |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/engineers-investigating-nasas-voyager-1-telemetry-data |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref> On 17 June, it was reported that NASA is preparing to power down the two Voyager spacecraft in the hope of using the remaining power to extend their operation to about 2030.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Folger |first1=Tim |title=Record-Breaking Voyager Spacecraft Begin to Power Down |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/record-breaking-voyager-spacecraft-begin-to-power-down/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref>
**A study shows how a [[Multiverse#Twin-world models|Twin-world models]] cosmological model – already extensively studied to find out why gravity appears much weaker than other known forces – could explain the [[Hubble's law#Hubble tension|Hubble constant (H<sub>0</sub>) tension]] via interactions between the two worlds. The "mirror world" would contain copies of all existing fundamental particles.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Mirror world of dark particles could explain cosmic anomaly |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/mirror-world-of-dark-particles-could-explain-cosmic-anomaly/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Physics World |date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cyr-Racine |first1=Francis-Yan |last2=Ge |first2=Fei |last3=Knox |first3=Lloyd |title=Symmetry of Cosmological Observables, a Mirror World Dark Sector, and the Hubble Constant |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=18 May 2022 |volume=128 |issue=20 |pages=201301 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.201301|pmid=35657861 |arxiv=2107.13000 |bibcode=2022PhRvL.128t1301C |s2cid=248904936 }}</ref> On 2 May, another twin/pair-world or "bi-worlds" [[cosmology]] is shown to theoretically be able to solve the [[cosmological constant problem|cosmological constant (Λ) problem]], closely related to [[dark energy]]<!--while describing other important parts of physics-->: two interacting worlds with a large Λ each resulting in a small shared effective Λ.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Bedford |first1=Bailey |title=Bilayer graphene inspires two-universe cosmological model |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-bilayer-graphene-two-universe-cosmological.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Joint Quantum Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Parhizkar |first1=Alireza |last2=Galitski |first2=Victor |title=Strained bilayer graphene, emergent energy scales, and Moiré gravity |journal=Physical Review Research |date=2 May 2022 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=L022027 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L022027|arxiv=2108.04252 |bibcode=2022PhRvR...4b2027P |s2cid=236965490 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite arXiv |last1=Parhizkar |first1=Alireza |last2=Galitski |first2=Victor |date=2022 |title=Moiré Gravity and Cosmology |class=hep-th |eprint=2204.06574}}</ref> Previous similar models e.g. attempt to explain the baryon asymmetry – why there was more matter than antimatter at the beginning – [[Baryon asymmetry#Mirror anti-universe|with a mirror anti-universe]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Our universe has antimatter partner on the other side of the Big Bang, say physicists |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/our-universe-has-antimatter-partner-on-the-other-side-of-the-big-bang-say-physicists/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Physics World |date=3 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Letzter |first1=Rafi |title=Why some physicists really think there's a 'mirror universe' hiding in space-time |url=https://www.space.com/truth-behind-nasa-mirror-parallel-universe.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Space.com |date=23 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Boyle |first1=Latham |last2=Finn |first2=Kieran |last3=Turok |first3=Neil |title=CPT-Symmetric Universe |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=20 December 2018 |volume=121 |issue=25 |pages=251301 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.251301|pmid=30608856 |arxiv=1803.08928 |bibcode=2018PhRvL.121y1301B |s2cid=58638592 }}</ref>
[[File:Graphyne_v2.svg|thumb|21 May: [[Graphyne]] is synthesised for the first time.]]
*19 May 
**Scientists report that [[RNA]] was found to be formed spontaneously on prebiotic [[Volcanic glass|basalt lava glass]] which is presumed to have been abundantly available on the [[early Earth]].<ref name="PO-20220603">{{#invoke:cite news ||author=Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution |title=Scientists announce a breakthrough in determining life's origin on Earth—and maybe Mars |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-06-scientists-breakthrough-life-earthand-mars.html |date=3 June 2022 |work=[[Phys.org]] |access-date=3 June 2022 }}</ref><ref name="AST-20220519">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Jerome, Craig A. |display-authors=et al. |title=Catalytic Synthesis of Polyribonucleic Acid on Prebiotic Rock Glasses |date=19 May 2022 |journal=[[Astrobiology (journal)|Astrobiology]] |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=629–636 |doi=10.1089/ast.2022.0027 |pmid=35588195 |pmc=9233534 |bibcode=2022AsBio..22..629J |s2cid=248917871 }}</ref>
** The [[Southern yellow-billed hornbill|yellow-billed hornbill]] of [[southern Africa]], famous for its role in Disney's ''[[The Lion King]]'', is reported to be at risk of extinction due to rising temperatures in the region.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Climate crisis is driving cousins of The Lion King character to local extinction |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/952806|website=EurekAlert!|date=19 May 2022 |access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Colorful Bird Famously Featured in 'The Lion King' Nearly Going Extinct |url=https://www.newsweek.com/colorful-bird-famously-featured-lion-king-nearly-going-extinct-1708288|website=Newsweek|date=19 May 2022 |access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref>
** [[Boeing]] starts the one-week [[Boeing Orbital Flight Test 2|second uncrewed test flight]] of its [[Boeing Starliner|Starliner]] space capsule in advance of its [[Boeing Crewed Flight Test|first crewed test flight]] later in 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=Live coverage: SpaceX rocket, Starlink satellites launch from pad 39A – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/05/18/falcon-9-starlink-4-18-live-coverage/ |access-date=2022-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://starlinerupdates.com/starliner-oft-2-targeted-for-may-19/ |title=Starliner OFT-2 Targeted for May 19 |work=[[Boeing]] |date=14 April 2022 |access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref>
**A study estimates losses of 61 metals to help the development of [[circular economy]] strategies, showing that usespans of, often scarce, [[Technology-critical element|tech-critical metals]] are short.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Charpentier Poncelet |first1=Alexandre |last2=Helbig |first2=Christoph |last3=Loubet |first3=Philippe |last4=Beylot |first4=Antoine |last5=Muller |first5=Stéphanie |last6=Villeneuve |first6=Jacques |last7=Laratte |first7=Bertrand |last8=Thorenz |first8=Andrea |last9=Tuma |first9=Axel |last10=Sonnemann |first10=Guido |title=Losses and lifetimes of metals in the economy |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=19 May 2022 |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=717–726 |doi=10.1038/s41893-022-00895-8 |s2cid=248894322 |language=en |issn=2398-9629|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03702553/file/I2M-NS-Charpentier-2022.pdf }}</ref>
*20 May &ndash; Global warming is projected to substantially [[Effects of climate change on human health|erode sleep]] worldwide<!--, especially for residents from lower-income countries. The greatest increases of ambient temperatures were recorded at night.-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Global heating is cutting sleep across the world, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/20/global-heating-cutting-sleep-study-health-impacts |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=20 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Minor |first1=Kelton |last2=Bjerre-Nielsen |first2=Andreas |last3=Jonasdottir |first3=Sigga Svala |last4=Lehmann |first4=Sune |last5=Obradovich |first5=Nick |title=Rising temperatures erode human sleep globally |journal=One Earth |date=May 2022 |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=534–549 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.008|bibcode=2022OEart...5..534M |s2cid=248956215 }}</ref>
[[File:Monkeypox.jpg|thumb|21 May: The World Health Organization confirms a [[monkeypox]] outbreak in 12 non-endemic countries.]]
*21 May
**[[Graphyne]] is reported to be synthesised for the first time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Long-hypothesized 'next generation wonder material' created for first time |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-long-hypothesized-material.html|work=[[University of Colorado Boulder]]|date=21 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hu |first1=Yiming |last2=Wu |first2=Chenyu |last3=Pan |first3=Qingyan |last4=Jin |first4=Yinghua |last5=Lyu |first5=Rui |last6=Martinez |first6=Vikina |last7=Huang |first7=Shaofeng |last8=Wu |first8=Jingyi |last9=Wayment |first9=Lacey J. |last10=Clark |first10=Noel A. |last11=Raschke |first11=Markus B. |last12=Zhao |first12=Yingjie |last13=Zhang |first13=Wei |title=Synthesis of γ-graphyne using dynamic covalent chemistry |journal=Nature Synthesis |date=June 2022 |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=449–454 |doi=10.1038/s44160-022-00068-7 |bibcode=2022NatSy...1..449H |s2cid=248686420 |language=en |issn=2731-0582}}</ref>
**The [[World Health organization|WHO]] informs about the international [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]] in non-endemic countries<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385 |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> – an unprecedented number of cases detected outside of Africa<ref name="10.1038/d41586-022-01421-8">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kozlov |first1=Max |title=Monkeypox goes global: why scientists are on alert |journal=Nature |date=20 May 2022 |volume=606 |issue=7912 |pages=15–16 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01421-8|pmid=35595996 |bibcode=2022Natur.606...15K |s2cid=248947652 }}</ref> after the first of these cases was detected on 6 May.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON381 |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> On 24 May, the WHO states that the outbreak can be contained.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Rigby |first1=Jennifer |last2=Roy |first2=Mrinalika |title=WHO says monkeypox 'containable' as more govts start limited vaccinations |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/who-says-monkeypox-containable-convening-research-meeting-support-member-states-2022-05-24/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Reuters |date=24 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The main method used for the [[Pandemic prevention#Testing and containment|early containment]] is '[[ring vaccination]]' – vaccinating close contacts of positive cases via existing vaccines.<ref name="10.1038/d41586-022-01421-8"/><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Cox |first1=David |title=Monkeypox Can Be Contained—but Time Is Running Out |url=https://www.wired.com/story/monkeypox-can-be-contained-time-running-out/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |magazine=Wired}}</ref><!--An epidemiologist has noted that "even in areas where monkeypox occurs every day, it's still a relatively rare infection"-->
*23 May
**Researchers report that [[CRISPR-Cas9]] gene editing has [[Biofortification#Genetic modification|been used]] to [[Food fortification|boost]] [[vitamin D]] in [[tomatoes]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Gene-edited tomatoes could soon be sold in England |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61537610|work=BBC News|date=24 May 2022 |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title= Gene-edited tomatoes could be a new source of vitamin D |url=https://www.jic.ac.uk/press-release/gene-edited-tomatoes-could-be-a-new-source-of-vitamin-d/|work=[[John Innes Centre]]|date=23 May 2022 |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Li |first1=Jie |last2=Scarano |first2=Aurelia |last3=Gonzalez |first3=Nestor Mora |last4=D'Orso |first4=Fabio |last5=Yue |first5=Yajuan |last6=Nemeth |first6=Krisztian |last7=Saalbach |first7=Gerhard |last8=Hill |first8=Lionel |last9=de Oliveira Martins |first9=Carlo |last10=Moran |first10=Rolando |last11=Santino |first11=Angelo |last12=Martin |first12=Cathie |title=Biofortified tomatoes provide a new route to vitamin D sufficiency |journal=Nature Plants |date=June 2022 |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=611–616 |doi=10.1038/s41477-022-01154-6 |pmid=35606499 |pmc=9213236 |s2cid=249014331 |language=en |issn=2055-0278}}</ref>
**A study shows why decarbonization must be accompanied by strategies to reduce the levels of [[Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants#Short-lived climate pollutants|short-lived climate pollutants]] with near-term effects [[climate change mitigation|for climate goals]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Sharp cut in methane now could help avoid worst of climate crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/23/sharp-cut-methane-climate-crisis-carbon-dioxide-global-heating |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=23 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dreyfus |first1=Gabrielle B. |last2=Xu |first2=Yangyang |last3=Shindell |first3=Drew T. |last4=Zaelke |first4=Durwood |last5=Ramanathan |first5=Veerabhadran |title=Mitigating climate disruption in time: A self-consistent approach for avoiding both near-term and long-term global warming |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=23 May 2022 |volume=119 |issue=22 |pages=e2123536119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2123536119 |pmid=35605122 |pmc=9295773 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11923536D |s2cid=249014617 |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>
*24 May
**Scientists report the first [[3D bioprinting|3D-printed]] [[Cellular agriculture|lab-grown]] wood. It is unclear if it could ever be used on a commercial scale (e.g. with sufficient production efficiency and quality).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Brahambhatt |first1=Rupendra |title=Science Scientists can now grow wood in a lab without cutting a single tree |url=https://interestingengineering.com/lab-grown-wood |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=Interesting Engineering}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Beckwith |first1=Ashley L. |last2=Borenstein |first2=Jeffrey T. |last3=Velásquez-García |first3=Luis F. |title=Physical, mechanical, and microstructural characterization of novel, 3D-printed, tunable, lab-grown plant materials generated from Zinnia elegans cell cultures |journal=Materials Today |date=1 April 2022 |volume=54 |pages=27–41 |doi=10.1016/j.mattod.2022.02.012 |s2cid=247300299 |language=en |issn=1369-7021}}</ref>
**A [[CDC]] study based on [[electronic health record]]s shows that "one in five COVID-19 survivors aged 18–64 years and one in four survivors aged ≥65 years experienced at least one incident condition that might be attributable to previous COVID-19" or long COVID.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Belluck |first1=Pam |title=More than 1 in 5 adult Covid survivors in the U.S. may develop long Covid, a C.D.C. study suggests. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/24/health/long-covid-infections.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=25 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bull-Otterson |first1=Lara |title=Post–COVID Conditions Among Adult COVID-19 Survivors Aged 18–64 and ≥65 Years — United States, March 2020–November 2021 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=2022 |volume=71 |issue=21 |pages=713–717 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7121e1 |s2cid=249057133 |language=en-us |issn=0149-2195}}</ref> On 18 May, an analysis of private healthcare claims shows that of 78,252 patients diagnosed with '[[long COVID]]', 75.8% had not been hospitalized for COVID-19.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Belluck |first1=Pam |title=Over 75 Percent of Long Covid Patients Were Not Hospitalized for Initial Illness, Study Finds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/18/health/long-covid-hospitalization.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=18 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Patients Diagnosed with Post-COVID Conditions – An Analysis of Private Healthcare Claims Using the Official ICD-10 Diagnostic Code |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/media2.fairhealth.org/whitepaper/asset/Patients%20Diagnosed%20with%20Post-COVID%20Conditions%20-%20A%20FAIR%20Health%20White%20Paper.pdf |access-date=24 June 2022 |publisher=FAIR Health, Inc.}}</ref>
*25 May &ndash; The world's [[Microbotics#Design considerations|smallest remote-controlled walking robot]], measuring just half a millimetre wide, is demonstrated. Potential applications include the clearing of blocked [[arteries]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Tiny robotic crab is smallest-ever remote-controlled walking robot |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220525151741.htm|work=[[Northwestern University]]|date=25 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Han |first1=Mengdi |last2=Guo |first2=Xiaogang |last3=Chen |first3=Xuexian |last4=Liang |first4=Cunman |last5=Zhao |first5=Hangbo |last6=Zhang |first6=Qihui |last7=Bai |first7=Wubin |last8=Zhang |first8=Fan |last9=Wei |first9=Heming |last10=Wu |first10=Changsheng |last11=Cui |first11=Qinghong |last12=Yao |first12=Shenglian |last13=Sun |first13=Bohan |last14=Yang |first14=Yiyuan |last15=Yang |first15=Quansan |last16=Ma |first16=Yuhang |last17=Xue |first17=Zhaoguo |last18=Kwak |first18=Jean Won |last19=Jin |first19=Tianqi |last20=Tu |first20=Qing |last21=Song |first21=Enming |last22=Tian |first22=Ziao |last23=Mei |first23=Yongfeng |last24=Fang |first24=Daining |last25=Zhang |first25=Haixia |last26=Huang |first26=Yonggang |last27=Zhang |first27=Yihui |last28=Rogers |first28=John A. |title=Submillimeter-scale multimaterial terrestrial robots |journal=Science Robotics |date=25 May 2022 |volume=7 |issue=66 |pages=eabn0602 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abn0602 |pmid=35613299 |s2cid=249064902 |language=en |issn=2470-9476}}</ref>
*26 May &ndash; A [[climate change]] study reveals that storms in the [[Southern Hemisphere]] have already [[Effects of climate change#Tropical cyclones and storms|reached intensity levels]] previously predicted to occur only in the year [[2080]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Harder Winters, Stronger Storms: New Data Reveals Climate Change Might Be More Rapid than Predicted |url=https://www.weizmann-usa.org/news-media/news-releases/harder-winters-stronger-storms-new-data-reveals-climate-change-might-be-more-rapid-than-predicted/|work=[[Weizmann Institute of Science]]|date=26 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chemke |first1=Rei |last2=Ming |first2=Yi |last3=Yuval |first3=Janni |title=The intensification of winter mid-latitude storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=June 2022 |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=553–557 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01368-8 |arxiv=2201.10413 |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..553C |s2cid=249069023 |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}</ref>
[[File:Frontier_Supercomputer_(2).jpg|thumb|30 May: [[Frontier (supercomputer)|Frontier]] is confirmed as the world's first exascale supercomputer.]]
*27 May
**A new compact [[CRISPR gene editing#Alternatives to Cas9|CRISPR gene editing tool]] better suited for therapeutic (temporary) [[RNA editing]] than Cas13 is reported, Cas7-11,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Williams |first1=Sarah |title=Neuroscientists expand CRISPR toolkit with new, compact Cas7-11 enzyme |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-neuroscientists-crispr-toolkit-compact-cas7-.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kato |first1=Kazuki |last2=Zhou |first2=Wenyuan |last3=Okazaki |first3=Sae |last4=Isayama |first4=Yukari |last5=Nishizawa |first5=Tomohiro |last6=Gootenberg |first6=Jonathan S. |last7=Abudayyeh |first7=Omar O. |last8=Nishimasu |first8=Hiroshi |title=Structure and engineering of the type III-E CRISPR-Cas7-11 effector complex |journal=Cell |date=May 2022 |volume=185 |issue=13 |pages=2324–2337.e16 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.003|pmid=35643083 |s2cid=249103058 }}</ref> – of which an early version was used for ''[[in vitro]]'' editing in 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Özcan |first1=Ahsen |last2=Krajeski |first2=Rohan |last3=Ioannidi |first3=Eleonora |last4=Lee |first4=Brennan |last5=Gardner |first5=Apolonia |last6=Makarova |first6=Kira S. |last7=Koonin |first7=Eugene V. |last8=Abudayyeh |first8=Omar O. |last9=Gootenberg |first9=Jonathan S. |title=Programmable RNA targeting with the single-protein CRISPR effector Cas7-11 |journal=Nature |date=September 2021 |volume=597 |issue=7878 |pages=720–725 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03886-5 |pmid=34489594 |bibcode=2021Natur.597..720O |s2cid=237432753 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
**[[Non-government reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine#Science and technology|Science]] and the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]:<br/>According to a news report academics in Russia are compiling or circulating a list of researchers who have supported Russia's invasion to prevent them from being elected to the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Chawla |first1=Dalmeet Singh |title=Russian Academics Aim to Punish Colleagues Who Backed Ukraine Invasion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/27/science/russia-ukraine-science-academy.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=27 May 2022}}</ref> An editorial published in a journal notes that [[remote surgery]] and [[telehealth|types of videoconferencing]] for sharing expertise (e.g. [[ad hoc]] assistance) have been and could be used to support doctors in Ukraine (3 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Best |first1=Jo |title=From Ukraine to remote robotics: how videoconferencing and next generation technology are transforming surgery |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/377/bmj.o1078 |journal=BMJ |access-date=24 June 2022 |pages=o1078 |language=en |doi=10.1136/bmj.o1078 |date=3 May 2022|volume=377 |pmid=35504650 |s2cid=248497139 }}</ref> A forum contribution analyzes Russian users' reactions to the [[Bucha massacre]] on social media – on nationalist [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]] channels (9 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Garner |first1=Ian |title="We've Got to Kill Them": Responses to Bucha on Russian Social Media Groups |journal=Journal of Genocide Research |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1080/14623528.2022.2074020 |date=9 May 2022|s2cid=248680376 }}</ref> The [[FAO]] estimates that "at least 20 percent of Ukraine's winter crops" "[[2022 food crises#Russian invasion of Ukraine|may not be harvested or planted]]" (13 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Ukraine: Humanitarian response update |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0120en |website=www.fao.org |access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref> A [[preprint]] estimates potential impacts of the EU [[International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War|embargoing fossil fuels from Russia]], suggesting implementing such via a partial embargo with [[tariff]]s may be beneficial (25 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Carbon emissions and economic impact of EU's embargoing Russian fossil fuels |url=https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1683339/v1 |website=www.researchsquare.com |language=en |date=25 May 2022|doi=10.21203/rs.3.rs-1683339/v1 |last1=Liu |first1=Lijing |last2=Jiang |first2=Hong-Dian |last3=Liang |first3=Qiao-Mei |last4=Creutzig |first4=Felix |last5=Liao |first5=Hua |last6=Yao |first6=Yun-Fei |last7=Qian |first7=Xiang-Yan |last8=Ren |first8=Zhong-Yuan |last9=Qing |first9=Jing |last10=Cai |first10=Qiran |last11=Edenhofer |first11=Ottmar |last12=Wei |first12=Yi-Ming }}</ref>
*28 May &ndash; A new [[direct air capture]] system using [[isophorone diamine]] is demonstrated, able to remove [[carbon dioxide]] with 99% efficiency and more than twice as fast as existing systems.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Fastest carbon dioxide catcher heralds new age for direct air capture |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/953826|website=EurekAlert!|date=28 May 2022 |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kikkawa |first1=Soichi |last2=Amamoto |first2=Kazushi |last3=Fujiki |first3=Yu |last4=Hirayama |first4=Jun |last5=Kato |first5=Gen |last6=Miura |first6=Hiroki |last7=Shishido |first7=Tetsuya |last8=Yamazoe |first8=Seiji |title=Direct Air Capture of CO 2 Using a Liquid Amine–Solid Carbamic Acid Phase-Separation System Using Diamines Bearing an Aminocyclohexyl Group |journal=ACS Environmental Au |date=10 May 2022 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=354–362 |doi=10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00065 |pmid=37101968 |pmc=10125313 |s2cid=248703204 |language=en |issn=2694-2518}}</ref>
*30 May &ndash; [[Frontier (supercomputer)|Frontier]] is announced by [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] as the world's first [[exascale]] [[supercomputer]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Frontier supercomputer debuts as world's fastest, breaking exascale barrier |url=https://www.ornl.gov/news/frontier-supercomputer-debuts-worlds-fastest-breaking-exascale-barrier|website=Oak Ridge National Laboratory|date=30 May 2022 |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Wickedly Fast Frontier Supercomputer Officially Ushers in the Next Era of Computing |url=https://singularityhub.com/2022/05/30/age-of-exascale-wickedly-fast-frontier-supercomputer-ushers-in-the-next-era-of-computing/|website=Singularity Hub|date=30 May 2022 |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref>
*31 May &ndash; Success of record-long (3 days rather than usually <12 hours) of human [[Organ transplantation|transplant]] organ [[Organ procurement#Preservation and transport|preservation]] with [[machine perfusion]] of a [[liver transplantation|liver]] is reported. It could possibly be extended to 10 days and prevent substantial cell damage by low temperature preservation methods.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Transplant success: Liver survives out of body for days |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-61631042 |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=BBC News |date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Clavien |first1=Pierre-Alain |last2=Dutkowski |first2=Philipp |last3=Mueller |first3=Matteo |last4=Eshmuminov |first4=Dilmurodjon |last5=Bautista Borrego |first5=Lucia |last6=Weber |first6=Achim |last7=Muellhaupt |first7=Beat |last8=Sousa Da Silva |first8=Richard X. |last9=Burg |first9=Brian R. |last10=Rudolf von Rohr |first10=Philipp |last11=Schuler |first11=Martin J. |last12=Becker |first12=Dustin |last13=Hefti |first13=Max |last14=Tibbitt |first14=Mark W. |title=Transplantation of a human liver following 3 days of ex situ normothermic preservation |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=31 May 2022 |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=1610–1616 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01354-7 |pmid=35641829 |s2cid=249234907 |language=en |issn=1546-1696}}</ref> On the same day, a separate study reports new [[cryoprotectant]] solvents, tested with cells<!-- (but not whole organs)-->, that could preserve organs by the latter methods for much longer with substantially reduced damage<!-- or "without significant loss of viability"-->.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New cryoprotectant chemicals could preserve organs without ice damage |url=https://newatlas.com/medical/organ-preservation-cryoprotectant-no-ice-damage/ |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=22 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bryant |first1=Saffron J. |last2=Awad |first2=Miyah N. |last3=Elbourne |first3=Aaron |last4=Christofferson |first4=Andrew J. |last5=Martin |first5=Andrew V. |last6=Meftahi |first6=Nastaran |last7=Drummond |first7=Calum J. |last8=Greaves |first8=Tamar L. |last9=Bryant |first9=Gary |title=Deep eutectic solvents as cryoprotective agents for mammalian cells |journal=Journal of Materials Chemistry B |date=22 June 2022 |volume=10 |issue=24 |pages=4546–4560 |doi=10.1039/D2TB00573E |pmid=35670530 |language=en |issn=2050-7518}}</ref>