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=== Tropical and subtropical cyclones === {{Main|Tropical cyclones in 2023}}{{expand section|date=January 2023}} The first named tropical cyclone of the year was [[Cyclone Hale (2023)|Cyclone Hale]], which caused minimal damage and one death in [[New Zealand]] as an [[extratropical cyclone]].<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Finlay Dunseath |author2=Gianina Schwanecke |author3=Piers Fuller |date=2023-01-26 |title=Gisborne council tight-lipped after meeting over safety at slash-covered beach after death of child |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/gisborne/300792573/gisborne-council-tightlipped-after-meeting-over-safety-at-slashcovered-beach-after-death-of-child |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Stuff |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202224914/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/gisborne/300792573/gisborne-council-tightlipped-after-meeting-over-safety-at-slashcovered-beach-after-death-of-child |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author1=Hanna McCallum |author2=Conor Knell |date=2023-01-11 |title=Cyclone Hale moves on, but relief may only be temporary |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/weather-news/130953555/cyclone-hale-moves-on-but-relief-may-only-be-temporary |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Stuff |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111160835/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/weather-news/130953555/cyclone-hale-moves-on-but-relief-may-only-be-temporary |url-status=live }}</ref> Later in January, [[Cyclone Cheneso]] killed at least 33 people in [[Madagascar]] and left 20 missing. In addition, it damaged over 13,000 houses and 18 medical centers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madagascar - Tropical Cyclone CHENESO, update (GDACS, BNGRCMID, MeteoMadagascar, EMSR645) (ECHO Daily Flash of 01 February 2023) - Madagascar |website=ReliefWeb |date=February 2023 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/madagascar/madagascar-tropical-cyclone-cheneso-update-gdacs-bngrcmid-meteomadagascar-emsr645-echo-daily-flash-01-february-2023 |access-date=2023-02-02 |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201134256/https://reliefweb.int/report/madagascar/madagascar-tropical-cyclone-cheneso-update-gdacs-bngrcmid-meteomadagascar-emsr645-echo-daily-flash-01-february-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madagascar - Tropical Cyclone CHENESO, update (GDACS, Meteo France La Reunion, Meteo Madagascar, Copernicus EMSR645, BNGRC) (ECHO Daily Flash of 27 January 2023) - Madagascar |website=ReliefWeb |date=January 27, 2023 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/madagascar/madagascar-tropical-cyclone-cheneso-update-gdacs-meteo-france-la-reunion-meteo-madagascar-copernicus-emsr645-bngrc-echo-daily-flash-27-january-2023 |access-date=2023-02-02 |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128045141/https://reliefweb.int/report/madagascar/madagascar-tropical-cyclone-cheneso-update-gdacs-meteo-france-la-reunion-meteo-madagascar-copernicus-emsr645-bngrc-echo-daily-flash-27-january-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> In February, [[Cyclone Freddy]] formed and lasted until March 14, making it the longest lived tropical cyclone on record, surpassing [[Hurricane John (1994)|Hurricane John]] of 1994,<ref name="Freddy record">{{cite news |last=Cappucci |first=Matthew |date=March 7, 2023 |title=Deadly cyclone Freddy has become Earth's longest-lived tropical storm |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2023/03/07/cyclone-freddy-indian-ocean-hurricane/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307222002/https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2023/03/07/cyclone-freddy-indian-ocean-hurricane/ |archive-date=March 7, 2023 |access-date=March 7, 2023 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> tracking across the entire Indian Ocean, the first to do so since [[Cyclone Hudah|Hudah]] and [[Cyclone Leon-Eline|Leon-Eline]] in 2000.<ref name="NOAA Freddy">{{Cite web |title=Tropical Cyclone Freddy Breaks Records before Lashing Madagascar |url=https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/news/tropical-cyclone-freddy-breaks-records-lashing-madagascar |access-date=February 26, 2023 |publisher=National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service |language=en |archive-date=February 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226120452/https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/news/tropical-cyclone-freddy-breaks-records-lashing-madagascar |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, Freddy also recorded the highest [[accumulated cyclone energy]] of any tropical cyclone worldwide, at 87.01, surpassing the previous record of 85.26 by [[Hurricane Ioke]] in 2006.<ref name="NOAA Freddy" /> Freddy killed at least 1,434 people, and left 19 missing. In May, [[Cyclone Mocha]] formed and made landfall in [[Myanmar]], killing 438 people and more than 101 missing.<ref name="435 deaths3"/><ref name="rfa.org"/><ref name="bhorerkagoj"/> In June, [[Cyclone Biparjoy]] formed over the Arabian Sea and intensified into a extremely severe tropical cyclone, and made landfall in India, leaving at least 12 people dead.<ref>[https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_c85778_37.%20Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.%2037%20based%20on%200000%20UTC%20of%20%2011.06.2023.pdf Tropical Cyclone Advisory 37 for North Indian Ocean issued at 0345 UTC of 11.06.2023. based on 0000 UTC of 11.06.2023] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613025802/https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/uploads/archive/2/2_c85778_37.%20Tropical%20Cyclone%20Advisory%20No.%2037%20based%20on%200000%20UTC%20of%20%2011.06.2023.pdf |date=June 13, 2023 }} (PDF) (Report). New Delhi, India: India Meteorological Department. 11 June 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cyclone Biparjoy to Impact 12 Districts in Rajasthan, Including Jodhpur, Udaipur {{!}} Weather.com |url=https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2023-06-13-cyclone-biparjoy-to-impact-12-rajasthan-districts-including-jodhpur |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Weather Channel |language=en-IN |archive-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619112531/https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2023-06-13-cyclone-biparjoy-to-impact-12-rajasthan-districts-including-jodhpur |url-status=live }}</ref>
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