Editing 2022 in science (section)

===July===
[[File:Comparison of Cas9-, D10A-, and H840A-induced repair phenotypes.jpg|thumb|1 July: A new [[CRISPR gene editing#Alternatives to Cas9|CRISPR gene editing/repair tool]] alternative to fully active Cas9 is reported.]]
[[File:NASA’s Webb Reveals Cosmic Cliffs, Glittering Landscape of Star Birth.jpg|thumb|12 July: The 'cosmic cliffs' of the [[Carina Nebula]]: One of the first images to be released from the now fully operational [[James Webb Space Telescope]].]]
*1 July
**Scientists show why climate benefits from [[Restoration ecology|nature restoration]] are "dwarfed by the scale of [[Climate change mitigation|ongoing fossil fuel emissions]]".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Dooley |first1=Kate |last2=Nicholls |first2=Zebedee |title=Nature restoration no substitute for cutting fossil fuels |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-07-nature-substitute-fossil-fuels.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dooley |first1=Kate |last2=Nicholls |first2=Zebedee |last3=Meinshausen |first3=Malte |title=Carbon removals from nature restoration are no substitute for steep emission reductions |journal=One Earth |date=15 July 2022 |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=812–824 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2022.06.002 |bibcode=2022OEart...5..812D |s2cid=250231236 |language=English |issn=2590-3330}}</ref>
**A new [[CRISPR gene editing#Alternatives to Cas9|CRISPR gene editing/repair tool]] alternative to fully active Cas9 is reported – Cas9-derived [[Nicking enzyme|nickases]] mediated [[homologous chromosome]]-templated [[DNA repair|repair]], applicable to organisms whose matching chromosome has the desired gene/s, which {{tooltip|2=in Drosophila fruit flies|is demonstrated}} to be more effective than Cas9 and cause fewer [[Off-target genome editing|off-target edits]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Softer' form of CRISPR may edit genes more accurately |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2326976-softer-form-of-crispr-may-edit-genes-more-accurately/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Roy |first1=Sitara |last2=Juste |first2=Sara Sanz |last3=Sneider |first3=Marketta |last4=Auradkar |first4=Ankush |last5=Klanseck |first5=Carissa |last6=Li |first6=Zhiqian |last7=Julio |first7=Alison Henrique Ferreira |last8=del Amo |first8=Victor Lopez |last9=Bier |first9=Ethan |last10=Guichard |first10=Annabel |title=Cas9/Nickase-induced allelic conversion by homologous chromosome-templated repair in Drosophila somatic cells |journal=Science Advances |date=July 2022 |volume=8 |issue=26 |pages=eabo0721 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abo0721 |pmid=35776792 |bibcode=2022SciA....8O.721R |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*4 July &ndash; Scientists report that [[heatwave]]s [[Climate change in Europe|in western Europe]] are increasing "three-to-four times faster compared to the rest of {{tooltip|2=this includes the United States|the northern midlatitudes}} over the past 42 years" and that {{tooltip|2=caused by 'an increase in the frequency and persistence of double jet stream states over Eurasia'|certain atmospheric dynamical changes}} can explain their increase.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Fountain |first1=Henry |title=Why Europe Is Becoming a Heat Wave Hot Spot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/19/climate/europe-heat-wave-science.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=18 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rousi |first1=Efi |last2=Kornhuber |first2=Kai |last3=Beobide-Arsuaga |first3=Goratz |last4=Luo |first4=Fei |last5=Coumou |first5=Dim |title=Accelerated western European heatwave trends linked to more-persistent double jets over Eurasia |journal=Nature Communications |date=4 July 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=3851 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-31432-y |pmid=35788585 |pmc=9253148 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.3851R |language=en |issn=2041-1723 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
*5 July &ndash; The [[Large Hadron Collider]] commences its Run 3 physics season. The LHCb collaboration observes three never-before-seen particles: a new kind of "[[pentaquark]]" and the first-ever pair of "[[tetraquarks]]", which includes a new type of tetraquark.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://home.cern/news/news/physics/lhcb-discovers-three-new-exotic-particles |title=LHCb discovers three new exotic particles |work=CERN| date=5 July 2022| access-date=8 July 2022}}</ref>
*6 July &ndash; A study suggests that the marginal effectiveness of a fourth [[COVID-19 vaccine]] dose (a second "booster") versus three doses can be 40% (24% to 52%) against severe disease outcomes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=What is the effectiveness of the fourth dose mRNA vaccination against the Omicron variant? |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220711/What-is-the-effectiveness-of-the-fourth-dose-mRNA-vaccination-against-the-Omicron-variant.aspx |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=11 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Grewal |first1=Ramandip |last2=Kitchen |first2=Sophie A. |last3=Nguyen |first3=Lena |last4=Buchan |first4=Sarah A. |last5=Wilson |first5=Sarah E. |last6=Costa |first6=Andrew P. |last7=Kwong |first7=Jeffrey C. |title=Effectiveness of a fourth dose of covid-19 mRNA vaccine against the omicron variant among long term care residents in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study |journal=BMJ |date=6 July 2022 |volume=378 |pages=e071502 |doi=10.1136/bmj-2022-071502 |pmid=35793826 |pmc=9257064 |language=en |issn=1756-1833}}</ref> There is no scientific consensus about the efficacy and overall recommendabilities of a fourth dose.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Einfluss wiederholter COVID-19-Booster auf das Immunsystem |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/rapid-reaction/details/news/einfluss-wiederholter-booster-impfungen-auf-das-immunsystem/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=22 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The [[CDC]] recommended such in March only for "certain immunocompromised individuals and people over the age of 50".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Kimball |first1=Spencer |title=CDC recommends fourth Pfizer and Moderna Covid vaccine doses for people age 50 and older |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/29/fda-authorizes-fourth-pfizer-covid-vaccine-dose-for-people-age-50-and-older-.html |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=CNBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/s0328-covid-19-boosters.html |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=22 August 2022 |language=en-us |date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
[[File:An AI learns basic physical principles.webp|thumb|11 & 25 July: [[Deep learning]] systems learn intuitive basic physics similar to infants and [[Machine learning in physics|any physics via potential variables-identification]] from [[Artificial general intelligence|only visual data]] (of virtual 3D environments).]]
*7 July
**The first [[Perovskite solar cell|tandem perovskite-silicon solar cell]] to exceed 30% efficiency (31.25%) is independently certified by the [[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2022/07/07/csem-epfl-achieve-31-25-efficiency-for-tandem-perovskite-silicon-solar-cell/ |title=CSEM, EPFL achieve 31.25% efficiency for tandem perovskite-silicon solar cell |work=PV Magazine| date=7 July 2022| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.csem.ch/page.aspx?pid=172296 |title=EPFL and CSEM smash through the 30% efficiency barrier for perovskite-on-silicon-tandem solar cells—setting two certified world records. |work=CSEM | date=7 July 2022| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref>
**A study into the effects of a [[Nuclear holocaust|global nuclear war]] on the world's oceans is published, revealing a rapid {{convert|10.5|C-change}} drop in temperature, along with many longer-lasting impacts.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/958087 |title=How nuclear war would affect earth today |work=EurekAlert!| date=7 July 2022| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021AV000610 |title=A New Ocean State After Nuclear War |journal=AGU Advances| date=7 July 2022|doi=10.1029/2021AV000610 | access-date=7 July 2022|last1=Harrison |first1=Cheryl S. |last2=Rohr |first2=Tyler |last3=Duvivier |first3=Alice |last4=Maroon |first4=Elizabeth A. |last5=Bachman |first5=Scott |last6=Bardeen |first6=Charles G. |last7=Coupe |first7=Joshua |last8=Garza |first8=Victoria |last9=Heneghan |first9=Ryan |last10=Lovenduski |first10=Nicole S. |last11=Neubauer |first11=Philipp |last12=Rangel |first12=Victor |last13=Robock |first13=Alan |last14=Scherrer |first14=Kim |last15=Stevenson |first15=Samantha |last16=Toon |first16=Owen B. |volume=3 |issue=4 |bibcode=2022AGUA....300610H |s2cid=250365789 }}</ref>
*8 July &ndash; Astronomers report the discovery of massive amounts of [[Abiogenesis#Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis|prebiotic molecule]]s, including precursors for [[RNA]], in the [[Galactic Center]] of the [[Milky Way Galaxy]].<ref name="SA-20220708">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Starr |first=Michelle |title=Loads of Precursors For RNA Have Been Detected in The Center of Our Galaxy |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-have-found-a-bunch-of-rna-precursors-in-the-galactic-center |date=8 July 2022 |work=[[ScienceAlert]] |access-date=9 July 2022 }}</ref><ref name="FASS-20220708">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Rivilla, Victor M. |display-authors=et al. |title=Molecular Precursors of the RNA-World in Space: New Nitriles in the G+0.693−0.027 Molecular Cloud |date=8 July 2022 |journal=[[Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences]] |volume=9 |page=876870 |doi=10.3389/fspas.2022.876870 |arxiv=2206.01053 |bibcode=2022FrASS...9.6870R |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*9 July &ndash; Researchers report the development of an efficient, secure and convenient method to separate, purify, store and transport large amounts of [[hydrogen economy|hydrogen for energy storage in renewables-based energy systems]] as powder using [[ball mill]]ing.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Mechanochemical breakthrough unlocks cheap, safe, powdered hydrogen |url=https://newatlas.com/energy/mechanochemical-breakthrough-unlocks-cheap-safe-powdered-hydrogen/ |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=19 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mateti |first1=Srikanth |last2=Zhang |first2=Chunmei |last3=Du |first3=Aijun |last4=Periasamy |first4=Selvakannan |last5=Chen |first5=Ying Ian |title=Superb storage and energy saving separation of hydrocarbon gases in boron nitride nanosheets via a mechanochemical process |journal=Materials Today |date=1 July 2022 |volume=57 |pages=26–34 |doi=10.1016/j.mattod.2022.06.004 |s2cid=250413503 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1369702122001614 |language=en |issn=1369-7021|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
*11 July
**Researchers report the development of a [[deep learning]] system that learns intuitive physics from visual data (of virtual 3D environments) [[Artificial general intelligence|to some degree "from scratch"]] based on an [[reproducibility|unpublished]] approach inspired by studies of visual cognition in infants.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=DeepMind AI learns physics by watching videos that don't make sense |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2327766-deepmind-ai-learns-physics-by-watching-videos-that-dont-make-sense |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Piloto |first1=Luis S. |last2=Weinstein |first2=Ari |last3=Battaglia |first3=Peter |last4=Botvinick |first4=Matthew |title=Intuitive physics learning in a deep-learning model inspired by developmental psychology |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |date=11 July 2022 |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=1257–1267 |doi=10.1038/s41562-022-01394-8 |pmid=35817932 |pmc=9489531 |language=en |issn=2397-3374|doi-access=free}}</ref> On 25 July, other researchers report the development of a [[machine learning]] algorithm that could discover sets of basic variables [[Machine learning in physics|of various physical systems]] and predict the systems' future dynamics from video recordings of their behavior.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Feldman |first1=Andrey |title=Artificial physicist to unravel the laws of nature |url=https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/an-artificial-physicist-to-unravel-the-laws-of-nature/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Advanced Science News |date=11 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chen |first1=Boyuan |last2=Huang |first2=Kuang |last3=Raghupathi |first3=Sunand |last4=Chandratreya |first4=Ishaan |last5=Du |first5=Qiang |last6=Lipson |first6=Hod |title=Automated discovery of fundamental variables hidden in experimental data |journal=Nature Computational Science |date=July 2022 |volume=2 |issue=7 |pages=433–442 |doi=10.1038/s43588-022-00281-6 |s2cid=251087119 |language=en |issn=2662-8457}}</ref>
**News outlets report about the development of [[Algae bioreactor#Flat plate PBR|algae biopanels]] by a company for [[Renewable energy#Algae fuels|sustainable energy generation]] with unclear viability<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Algae biopanel windows make power, oxygen and biomass, and suck up CO2 |url=https://newatlas.com/energy/greenfluidics-algae-biopanels/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=11 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Paleja |first1=Ameya |title=Algae-filled panels could generate oxygen and electricity while absorbing CO2 |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/algae-filled-panels-generate-oxygen-electricity-absorbing-co2 |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=13 July 2022}}</ref> after other researchers built the self-powered [[Bionic architecture#Advantages|{{tooltip|2='Bio-Intelligent Quotient'|BIQ}} house prototype]] in 2013.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Talaei |first1=Maryam |last2=Mahdavinejad |first2=Mohammadjavad |last3=Azari |first3=Rahman |title=Thermal and energy performance of algae bioreactive façades: A review |journal=Journal of Building Engineering |date=1 March 2020 |volume=28 |pages=101011 |doi=10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101011 |s2cid=210245691 |language=en |issn=2352-7102}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wilkinson |first1=Sara |last2=Stoller |first2=Paul |last3=Ralph |first3=Peter |last4=Hamdorf |first4=Brenton |last5=Catana |first5=Laila Navarro |last6=Kuzava |first6=Gabriela Santana |title=Exploring the Feasibility of Algae Building Technology in NSW |journal=Procedia Engineering |date=1 January 2017 |volume=180 |pages=1121–1130 |doi=10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.272 |language=en |issn=1877-7058|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*12 July &ndash; [[NASA]] releases the first suite of images from the now fully operational [[James Webb Space Telescope]],<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.nasa.gov/webbfirstimages |title=First Images from the James Webb Space Telescope |work=NASA| date=12 July 2022| access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref> a day after releasing the [[Webb's First Deep Field]], the image of [[early universe]] with the highest resolution.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Garner |first1=Rob |title=NASA's Webb Delivers Deepest Infrared Image of Universe Yet |url=http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-delivers-deepest-infrared-image-of-universe-yet |website=NASA |access-date=22 August 2022 |date=11 July 2022}}</ref> On 14 July, NASA presents images of [[Jupiter]] and related areas captured, for the first time, and including [[infrared]] views, by the telescope.<ref name="NYT-20220715">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Shows Webb's View of Something Closer to Home: Jupiter - The powerful telescope will help scientists make discoveries both within our solar system and well beyond it. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/15/science/webb-telescope-jupiter-images.html |date=15 July 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=16 July 2022 }}</ref> On 19 July, scientists report what could be the earliest and most distant galaxy ever discovered, [[GLASS-z12]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Ryan |first1=Jackson |title=Did JWST Discover The Oldest Galaxy Ever Seen? It's Complicated |url=https://www.cnet.com/science/space/no-the-james-webb-space-telescope-didnt-find-the-oldest-galaxy-ever/ |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=CNET |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Naidu |first1=Rohan P. |last2=Oesch |first2=Pascal A. |last3=van Dokkum |first3=Pieter |last4=Nelson |first4=Erica J. |last5=Suess |first5=Katherine A. |last6=Whitaker |first6=Katherine E. |last7=Allen |first7=Natalie |last8=Bezanson |first8=Rachel |last9=Bouwens |first9=Rychard |last10=Brammer |first10=Gabriel |display-authors=et al. |title=Two Remarkably Luminous Galaxy Candidates at z ≈ 10–12 Revealed by JWST |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=19 July 2022|volume=940 |issue=1 |pages=L14 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac9b22 |arxiv=2207.09434 |bibcode=2022ApJ...940L..14N |s2cid=250644267 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Castellano |first1=Marco |last2=Fontana |first2=Adriano |last3=Treu |first3=Tommaso |last4=Santini |first4=Paola |last5=Merlin |first5=Emiliano |last6=Leethochawalit |first6=Nicha |last7=Trenti |first7=Michele |last8=Mestric |first8=Uros |last9=Vanzella |first9=Eros |last10=Bonchi |first10=Andrea |display-authors=et al. |title=Early Results from GLASS-JWST. III. Galaxy Candidates at z ~9–15 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=19 July 2022|volume=938 |issue=2 |pages=L15 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac94d0 |arxiv=2207.09436 |bibcode=2022ApJ...938L..15C |s2cid=250644263 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*13 July
**The discovery of [[fast radio burst]] [[Fast radio burst#FRB 191221|FRB 20191221A]] with an unusually long duration of three seconds is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Strickland |first1=Ashley |title=Mysterious fast radio burst in space has a 'heartbeat' pattern |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/13/world/heartbeat-fast-radio-burst-scn/index.html |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || url =https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04841-8 |title=Sub-second periodicity in a fast radio burst|journal=Nature|collaboration=The CHIME/FRB Collaboration |author=Bridget C. Andersen | date=13 July 2022|volume=607 |issue=7918 |pages=256–259 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04841-8 |pmid=35831603 |arxiv=2107.08463 |bibcode=2022Natur.607..256C |s2cid=236088032 | access-date =14 July 2022}}</ref>
**A study affirms (see [[#March|7 March]]) that [[Critical transition|critical slowing down]] indicators suggest that tropical, arid and temperate forests are substantially losing resilience.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Forests are becoming less resilient because of climate change |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2328268-forests-are-becoming-less-resilient-because-of-climate-change/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Forzieri |first1=Giovanni |last2=Dakos |first2=Vasilis |last3=McDowell |first3=Nate G. |last4=Ramdane |first4=Alkama |last5=Cescatti |first5=Alessandro |title=Emerging signals of declining forest resilience under climate change |journal=Nature |date=August 2022 |volume=608 |issue=7923 |pages=534–539 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04959-9 |pmid=35831499 |pmc=9385496 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref> On 4 July, Brazil's [[National Institute for Space Research|INPE]] reports that the country's regions of the [[Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest|Amazon rainforest have been deforested]] by a record amount in the first half of 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Pedroso |first1=Rodrigo |last2=Engels |first2=Jorge |title=Brazil sees record Amazon deforestation in first half of 2022 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/04/americas/brazil-amazon-record-deforestation-intl/index.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=CNN}}</ref>
**A study shows that [[Haematopoiesis|blood cells']] {{tooltip|2=called 'mosaic loss of chromosome Y' (mLOY)|loss of the [[Y chromosome#Human Y chromosome|Y chromosome]] in [[mosaicism|a subset of cells]]}}, reportedly affecting at least 40% of [[Stem cell theory of aging#Hematopoietic mosaic loss of chromosome Y|70 years-old]] men to some degree, contributes to [[fibrosis]], [[cardiac dysfunction|heart risks]], and mortality in a causal way.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Kolata |first1=Gina |title=As Y Chromosomes Vanish With Age, Heart Risks May Grow |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/14/health/y-chromosome-heart-failure.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=14 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sano |first1=Soichi |last2=Horitani |first2=Keita |last3=Ogawa |first3=Hayato |last4=Halvardson |first4=Jonatan |last5=Chavkin |first5=Nicholas W. |last6=Wang |first6=Ying |last7=Sano |first7=Miho |last8=Mattisson |first8=Jonas |last9=Hata |first9=Atsushi |last10=Danielsson |first10=Marcus |last11=Miura-Yura |first11=Emiri |last12=Zaghlool |first12=Ammar |last13=Evans |first13=Megan A. |last14=Fall |first14=Tove |last15=De Hoyos |first15=Henry N. |last16=Sundström |first16=Johan |last17=Yura |first17=Yoshimitsu |last18=Kour |first18=Anupreet |last19=Arai |first19=Yohei |last20=Thel |first20=Mark C. |last21=Arai |first21=Yuka |last22=Mychaleckyj |first22=Josyf C. |last23=Hirschi |first23=Karen K. |last24=Forsberg |first24=Lars A. |last25=Walsh |first25=Kenneth |title=Hematopoietic loss of Y chromosome leads to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure mortality |journal=Science |date=15 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6603 |pages=292–297 |doi=10.1126/science.abn3100 |pmid=35857592 |pmc=9437978 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..292S |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
**Researchers report the development of [[Thin-film solar cell|semitransparent solar cells]] that are as large as windows,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Huang |first1=Xinjing |last2=Fan |first2=Dejiu |last3=Li |first3=Yongxi |last4=Forrest |first4=Stephen R. |title=Multilevel peel-off patterning of a prototype semitransparent organic photovoltaic module |journal=Joule |date=20 July 2022 |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=1581–1589 |doi=10.1016/j.joule.2022.06.015 |s2cid=250541919 |url=https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(22)00289-6 |language=English |issn=2542-4785|url-access=subscription}}</ref> after team members achieved record efficiency with high transparency in 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Transparent solar panels for windows hit record 8% efficiency |url=https://news.umich.edu/transparent-solar-panels-for-windows-hit-record-8-efficiency/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=University of Michigan News |date=17 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Li |first1=Yongxi |last2=Guo |first2=Xia |last3=Peng |first3=Zhengxing |last4=Qu |first4=Boning |last5=Yan |first5=Hongping |last6=Ade |first6=Harald |last7=Zhang |first7=Maojie |last8=Forrest |first8=Stephen R. |title=Color-neutral, semitransparent organic photovoltaics for power window applications |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=September 2020 |volume=117 |issue=35 |pages=21147–21154 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2007799117 |pmid=32817532 |pmc=7474591 |bibcode=2020PNAS..11721147L |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free }}</ref> On 4 July, researchers report the fabrication of solar cells with a record average visible transparency of 79%, being nearly invisible.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=He |first1=Xing |last2=Iwamoto |first2=Yuta |last3=Kaneko |first3=Toshiro |last4=Kato |first4=Toshiaki |title=Fabrication of near-invisible solar cell with monolayer WS2 |journal=Scientific Reports |date=4 July 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=11315 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-15352-x |pmid=35787666 |pmc=9253307 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1211315H |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Necrobotics with a spider.png|thumb|25 July: Researchers introduce and demonstrate {{tooltip|2=the use of dead natural biotic components or organisms as robotic components|the concept of [[necrobotics]]}}.]]
[[File:Myoglobin.png|thumb|28 July: AI company [[DeepMind]] reports that its [[AlphaFold]] program has determined the likely [[protein folding|structure]] of nearly every protein known to science.]]
*18 July 
**A survey of more than 3,000 experts finds that the [[Holocene extinction|extinction crisis]] could be worse than previously thought, and estimates that roughly 30% of species "have been globally threatened or driven extinct since the year 1500."<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Melillo|first=Gianna |date=July 19, 2022 |title=Threat of global extinction may be greater than previously thought, study finds|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/sustainability/environment/3565945-threat-of-global-extinction-may-be-greater-than-previously-thought-study-finds/|work=The Hill |location= |access-date=July 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Isbell|first1=Forest|last2=Balvanera|first2=Patricia|display-authors=etal.|date=2022 |title=Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fee.2536|journal=[[Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment]]|volume= 21|issue= 2|pages= 94–103|doi=10.1002/fee.2536|s2cid=250659953 }}</ref>
**The first "dormant" black hole (meaning it does not emit high levels of [[X-ray]] radiation) is identified outside the Milky Way. The object, with nine solar masses, orbits a rare [[O-type star]] in a system called VFTS 243 within the [[Large Magellanic Cloud]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2210/ |title='Black hole police' discover a dormant black hole outside our galaxy |work=ESO| date=18 July 2022| access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Shenar |first1=Tomer |last2=Sana |first2=Hugues |last3=Mahy |first3=Laurent |last4=El-Badry |first4=Kareem |last5=Marchant |first5=Pablo |last6=Langer |first6=Norbert |last7=Hawcroft |first7=Calum |last8=Fabry |first8=Matthias |last9=Sen |first9=Koushik |last10=Almeida |first10=Leonardo A. |display-authors=et al. |title=An X-ray-quiet black hole born with a negligible kick in a massive binary within the Large Magellanic Cloud |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=18 July 2022 |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=1085–1092 |doi=10.1038/s41550-022-01730-y|arxiv=2207.07675|bibcode=2022NatAs...6.1085S |s2cid=250626810 }}</ref>
**A study shows that [[Effects of climate change on oceans|climate change-related]] exceptional [[marine heatwave]]s in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] during 2015–2019 resulted in widespread mass sealife die-offs in five consecutive years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Marine heatwave: Record sea temperatures seen in the Mediterranean could devastate marine life |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/marine-heatwave-sea-temperaturesmediterranean |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=20 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Garrabou |first1=Joaquim |last2=Gómez-Gras |first2=Daniel |last3=Medrano |first3=Alba |last4=Cerrano |first4=Carlo |last5=Ponti |first5=Massimo |last6=Schlegel |first6=Robert |last7=Bensoussan |first7=Nathaniel |last8=Turicchia |first8=Eva |last9=Sini |first9=Maria |last10=Gerovasileiou |first10=Vasilis |display-authors=et al. |title=Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea |journal=Global Change Biology |date=18 July 2022 |volume=28 |issue=19 |pages=5708–5725 |doi=10.1111/gcb.16301 |pmid=35848527 |pmc=9543131 |hdl=10754/679702 |s2cid=250622761 |language=en |issn=1354-1013}}</ref>
*20 July &ndash; Scientists report that [[SARS-CoV-2]] builds [[tunneling nanotube]]s from nose cells to gain access [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes|to the brain]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Coronavirus may enter the brain by building tiny tunnels from the nose |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2329543-coronavirus-may-enter-the-brain-by-building-tiny-tunnels-from-the-nose/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pepe |first1=Anna |last2=Pietropaoli |first2=Stefano |last3=Vos |first3=Matthijn |last4=Barba-Spaeth |first4=Giovanna |last5=Zurzolo |first5=Chiara |title=Tunneling nanotubes provide a route for SARS-CoV-2 spreading |journal=Science Advances |date=22 July 2022 |volume=8 |issue=29 |pages=eabo0171 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abo0171 |pmid=35857849 |pmc=9299553 |bibcode=2022SciA....8O.171P |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*21 July
**A potential [[gene therapy]] cure for [[haemophilia B]], which corrects the genetic defect associated with the condition is announced with trial results by doctors. It caused a sustained increase in factor IX activity in 9 of 10 patients in the small trial.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-62240061 |title=Transformational therapy cures haemophilia B |work=BBC News| date=21 July 2022| access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chowdary |first1=Pratima |last2=Shapiro |first2=Susan |last3=Makris |first3=Mike |last4=Evans |first4=Gillian |last5=Boyce |first5=Sara |last6=Talks |first6=Kate |last7=Dolan |first7=Gerard |last8=Reiss |first8=Ulrike |last9=Phillips |first9=Mark |last10=Riddell |first10=Anne |last11=Peralta |first11=Maria R. |last12=Quaye |first12=Michelle |last13=Patch |first13=David W. |last14=Tuddenham |first14=Edward |last15=Dane |first15=Allison |last16=Watissée |first16=Marie |last17=Long |first17=Alison |last18=Nathwani |first18=Amit |title=Phase 1–2 Trial of AAVS3 Gene Therapy in Patients with Hemophilia B |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=20 July 2022 |volume=387 |issue=3 |pages=237–247 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2119913 |pmid=35857660 |s2cid=250697905 |url=https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/189484/ |language=en}}</ref>
**Sunspot AR3060 explodes early in the morning. It releases a C-5 class [[solar flare]], and a "solar tsunami". The [[NOAA]] predicts that a geomagnetic storm from this event will strike the Earth on 23 July, between 0000 UTC and 0400 UTC, as a G2 class storm, with a slight chance of a G3 storm. [[Aurora]]e could be visible as far south as 50° N latitude.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Spaceweather.com Time Machine |url=https://www.spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=21&month=07&year=2022 |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=www.spaceweather.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-22 |title="Full-halo" solar storm from tsunami on sun surface headed for Earth |url=https://www.newsweek.com/full-halo-solar-storm-hitting-earth-aurora-1727057 |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Spaceweather.com Time Machine |url=https://www.spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=22&month=07&year=2022 |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=www.spaceweather.com}}</ref>{{update inline|date=August 2022}}
**Researchers report the development of [[deep learning]] software that can [[protein design|design proteins]] that contain prespecified functional sites.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Biologists train AI to generate medicines and vaccines |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-07-biologists-ai-medicines-vaccines.html |work=University of Washington-Harborview Medical Center |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Jue |last2=Lisanza |first2=Sidney |last3=Juergens |first3=David |last4=Tischer |first4=Doug |last5=Watson |first5=Joseph L. |last6=Castro |first6=Karla M. |last7=Ragotte |first7=Robert |last8=Saragovi |first8=Amijai |last9=Milles |first9=Lukas F. |last10=Baek |first10=Minkyung |last11=Anishchenko |first11=Ivan |last12=Yang |first12=Wei |last13=Hicks |first13=Derrick R. |last14=Expòsit |first14=Marc |last15=Schlichthaerle |first15=Thomas |last16=Chun |first16=Jung-Ho |last17=Dauparas |first17=Justas |last18=Bennett |first18=Nathaniel |last19=Wicky |first19=Basile I. M. |last20=Muenks |first20=Andrew |last21=DiMaio |first21=Frank |last22=Correia |first22=Bruno |last23=Ovchinnikov |first23=Sergey |last24=Baker |first24=David |title=Scaffolding protein functional sites using deep learning |journal=Science |date=22 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6604 |pages=387–394 |doi=10.1126/science.abn2100 |pmid=35862514 |pmc=9621694 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..387W |s2cid=250953434 |url=https://www.ipd.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/science.abn2100.pdf |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
*23 July &ndash; The [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) declares the recent [[2022 monkeypox outbreak|monkeypox outbreak]] a [[Public Health Emergency of International Concern]], as the number of reported cases worldwide exceeds 17,000.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-23 |title=Monkeypox declared global health emergency by WHO as cases surge |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/23/monkeypox-who-declares-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> In July, scientists reported that the window to be able to contain the outbreak is closing or has closed.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The world is 'losing the window' to contain monkeypox, experts warn |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/who-losing-effort-contain-monkeypox-virus |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=Science News |date=22 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox: US experts issue warning amid limited vaccines and testing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/18/monkeypox-vaccines-testing-us-latest-warning-threat |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> On 5 July, a [[preprint]] indicates there can be asymptomatic infections.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Baetselier |first1=Irith De |last2=Dijck |first2=Christophe Van |last3=Kenyon |first3=Chris |last4=Coppens |first4=Jasmine |last5=Bossche |first5=Dorien Van den |last6=Smet |first6=Hilde |last7=Liesenborghs |first7=Laurens |last8=Vanroye |first8=Fien |last9=Block |first9=Tessa de |last10=Rezende |first10=Antonio |last11=Florence |first11=Eric |last12=Vercauteren |first12=Koen |last13=Esbroeck |first13=Marjan Van |last14=Group |first14=the Monkeypox study |title=Asymptomatic monkeypox virus infections among male sexual health clinic attendees in Belgium |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.04.22277226v1.full-text |journal=Nature Medicine |pages=2022.07.04.22277226 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.07.04.22277226 |date=5 July 2022 |s2cid=250132474 }}</ref> On 27 July, an analysis of studies [[science journalism|by a journalist]] indicates that "about 10-to-15% of cases have been hospitalized, mostly for pain and bacterial infections that can occur as a result of monkeypox lesions".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Analysis {{!}} Understanding Monkeypox and How Outbreaks Spread |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/understanding-monkeypox-and-how-outbreaks-spread/2022/07/27/9673e7f2-0d83-11ed-88e8-c58dc3dbaee2_story.html |access-date=23 August 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Studies published in August indicated hospitalizations of small cohorts of early patients were 8%<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Philpott |first1=David |title=Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Monkeypox Cases — United States, May 17–July 22, 2022 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=2022 |volume=71 |issue=32 |pages=1018–1022 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7132e3 |pmid=35951487 |pmc=9400536 |language=en-us |issn=0149-2195}}</ref> and 13%.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Thornhill |first1=John P. |last2=Barkati |first2=Sapha |last3=Walmsley |first3=Sharon |last4=Rockstroh |first4=Juergen |last5=Antinori |first5=Andrea |last6=Harrison |first6=Luke B. |last7=Palich |first7=Romain |last8=Nori |first8=Achyuta |last9=Reeves |first9=Iain |last10=Habibi |first10=Maximillian S. |last11=Apea |first11=Vanessa |last12=Boesecke |first12=Christoph |last13=Vandekerckhove |first13=Linos |last14=Yakubovsky |first14=Michal |last15=Sendagorta |first15=Elena |last16=Blanco |first16=Jose L. |last17=Florence |first17=Eric |last18=Moschese |first18=Davide |last19=Maltez |first19=Fernando M. |last20=Goorhuis |first20=Abraham |last21=Pourcher |first21=Valerie |last22=Migaud |first22=Pascal |last23=Noe |first23=Sebastian |last24=Pintado |first24=Claire |last25=Maggi |first25=Fabrizio |last26=Hansen |first26=Ann-Brit E. |last27=Hoffmann |first27=Christian |last28=Lezama |first28=Jezer I. |last29=Mussini |first29=Cristina |last30=Cattelan |first30=AnnaMaria |last31=Makofane |first31=Keletso |last32=Tan |first32=Darrell |last33=Nozza |first33=Silvia |last34=Nemeth |first34=Johannes |last35=Klein |first35=Marina B. |last36=Orkin |first36=Chloe M. |title=Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries — April–June 2022 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=21 July 2022 |volume=387 |issue=8 |pages=679–691 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2207323 |pmid=35866746 |s2cid=250953579 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03939104/file/nejmoa2207323.pdf |language=en}}</ref>
*25 July
**Researchers introduce {{tooltip|2=the use of dead natural biotic components or organisms as robotic components|the concept of [[necrobotics]]}} and demonstrate it by [[soft robotics|repurposing dead spiders as robotic grippers]] by activating their gripping arms via applying pressurized air.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists turned dead spiders into robots |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/dead-wolf-spiders-robots-necrobots |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Science News |date=4 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Yap |first1=Te Faye |last2=Liu |first2=Zhen |last3=Rajappan |first3=Anoop |last4=Shimokusu |first4=Trevor J. |last5=Preston |first5=Daniel J. |title=Necrobotics: Biotic Materials as Ready-to-Use Actuators |journal=Advanced Science |date=25 July 2022 |volume=9 |issue=29 |pages=2201174 |doi=10.1002/advs.202201174 |pmid=35875913 |pmc=9561765 |language=en |issn=2198-3844|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Researchers [[scientific review|review]] the scientific literature on [[100% renewable energy]], addressing various issues, outlining open [[research question]]s, and concluding there to be growing consensus, research and empirical evidence concerning its feasibility worldwide.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Shakeel |first1=Fatima |title=The World Can Achieve A 100% Renewable Energy System By 2050, Researchers Say |url=https://wonderfulengineering.com/renewable-energy-systems-could-be-possible-by-2050/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=Wonderful Engineering |date=12 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Breyer |first1=Christian |last2=Khalili |first2=Siavash |last3=Bogdanov |first3=Dmitrii |last4=Ram |first4=Manish |last5=Oyewo |first5=Ayobami Solomon |last6=Aghahosseini |first6=Arman |last7=Gulagi |first7=Ashish |last8=Solomon |first8=A. A. |last9=Keiner |first9=Dominik |last10=Lopez |first10=Gabriel |last11=Østergaard |first11=Poul Alberg |last12=Lund |first12=Henrik |last13=Mathiesen |first13=Brian V. |last14=Jacobson |first14=Mark Z. |last15=Victoria |first15=Marta |last16=Teske |first16=Sven |last17=Pregger |first17=Thomas |last18=Fthenakis |first18=Vasilis |last19=Raugei |first19=Marco |last20=Holttinen |first20=Hannele |last21=Bardi |first21=Ugo |last22=Hoekstra |first22=Auke |last23=Sovacool |first23=Benjamin K. |title=On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research |journal=IEEE Access |date=2022 |volume=10 |pages=78176–78218 |doi=10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3193402 |issn=2169-3536|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*26 July &ndash; Scientists analyse 2.8 million of the sequenced [[SARS-CoV-2]] genomes and use the results to compile a 'mutations blacklist' of virus weak spots, and a 'whitelist' of mutations that would make it more transmissible.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-26 |title= Study identifies regions on the SARS-CoV-2 genome linked to virus replication and transmission |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960026 |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=EurekAlert!}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sun |first1=Yamin |last2=Wang |first2=Min |last3=Lin |first3=Wenchao |last4=Dong |first4=Wei |last5=Xu |first5=Jianguo |title="Mutation blacklist" and "mutation whitelist" of SARS-CoV-2 |journal=Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity |date=1 December 2022 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=114–120 |doi=10.1016/j.jobb.2022.06.006 |pmid=35845149 |pmc=9273572 |language=en |issn=2588-9338}}</ref>
*27 July &ndash; Progress towards a [[Universal coronavirus vaccine|pan coronavirus vaccine]] is announced, following tests on mice. Antibodies targeting the S2 subunit of [[SARS-CoV-2]]'s [[spike protein]] are found to neutralise multiple coronavirus variants.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-27 |title=UK scientists take 'promising' step towards single Covid and cold vaccine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/27/uk-scientists-take-promising-step-towards-single-covid-and-cold-vaccine |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ng |first1=Kevin W. |last2=Faulkner |first2=Nikhil |last3=Finsterbusch |first3=Katja |last4=Wu |first4=Mary |last5=Harvey |first5=Ruth |last6=Hussain |first6=Saira |last7=Greco |first7=Maria |last8=Liu |first8=Yafei |last9=Kjaer |first9=Svend |last10=Swanton |first10=Charles |last11=Gandhi |first11=Sonia |last12=Beale |first12=Rupert |last13=Gamblin |first13=Steve J. |last14=Cherepanov |first14=Peter |last15=McCauley |first15=John |last16=Daniels |first16=Rodney |last17=Howell |first17=Michael |last18=Arase |first18=Hisashi |last19=Wack |first19=Andreas |last20=Bauer |first20=David L.V. |last21=Kassiotis |first21=George |title=SARS-CoV-2 S2–targeted vaccination elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies |journal=Science Translational Medicine |date=27 July 2022 |volume=14 |issue=655 |pages=eabn3715 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3715 |pmid=35895836 |language=en |issn=1946-6234|doi-access=free}}
* Press release: {{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-27 |title=Promising developments in pursuit to design pan-coronavirus vaccine |url=https://www.crick.ac.uk/news/2022-07-27_promising-developments-in-pursuit-to-design-pan-coronavirus-vaccine |access-date=2022-07-28 |work=[[Francis Crick Institute]]}}</ref>
*28 July
**[[DeepMind]] announces that its [[AlphaFold]] program has uncovered the structures of more than 200 million [[Protein folding|folded]] [[proteins]], essentially all of those known to science.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=DeepMind uncovers structure of 200m proteins in scientific leap forward |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jul/28/deepmind-uncovers-structure-of-200m-proteins-in-scientific-leap-forward |access-date=2022-07-28|date=2022-07-28 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=AlphaFold reveals the structure of the protein universe |url=https://www.deepmind.com/blog/alphafold-reveals-the-structure-of-the-protein-universe |access-date=2022-07-28|date=2022-07-28 |website=DeepMind}}</ref>
**Researchers report the development of a [[Wearable technology#Wearable technology and health|wearable]] [[bioadhesive]] [[Stretchable electronics|stretchable]] high-resolution [[Medical ultrasound|ultrasound]] imaging patch for days-long continuous [[Medical imaging#Ultrasound|imaging of diverse organs]] which may enable novel diagnostic and monitoring tools.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=This stick-on ultrasound patch could let you watch your own heart beat |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ultrasound-patch-skin-watch-heart-beat-personalized-medicine |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Science News |date=28 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Chonghe |last2=Chen |first2=Xiaoyu |last3=Wang |first3=Liu |last4=Makihata |first4=Mitsutoshi |last5=Liu |first5=Hsiao-Chuan |last6=Zhou |first6=Tao |last7=Zhao |first7=Xuanhe |title=Bioadhesive ultrasound for long-term continuous imaging of diverse organs |journal=Science |date=29 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6605 |pages=517–523 |doi=10.1126/science.abo2542 |pmid=35901155 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..517W |s2cid=251158622 |url=http://zhao.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/162.pdf |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
**First reported discovery of an [[pollinator|animal helping algae reproduce]]<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Roth |first1=Annie |title=Like Bees of the Seas, These Crustaceans Pollinate Seaweed |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/28/science/pollination-algae-crustacean.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=28 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lavaut |first1=E. |last2=Guillemin |first2=M.-L. |last3=Colin |first3=S. |last4=Faure |first4=A. |last5=Coudret |first5=J. |last6=Destombe |first6=C. |last7=Valero |first7=M. |title=Pollinators of the sea: A discovery of animal-mediated fertilization in seaweed |journal=Science |date=29 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6605 |pages=528–530 |doi=10.1126/science.abo6661 |pmid=35901149 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..528L |s2cid=251159505 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> after [[pollination]] in the sea was first reported in 2016.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=van Tussenbroek |first1=Brigitta I. |last2=Villamil |first2=Nora |last3=Márquez-Guzmán |first3=Judith |last4=Wong |first4=Ricardo |last5=Monroy-Velázquez |first5=L. Verónica |last6=Solis-Weiss |first6=Vivianne |title=Experimental evidence of pollination in marine flowers by invertebrate fauna |journal=Nature Communications |date=29 September 2016 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=12980 |doi=10.1038/ncomms12980 |pmid=27680661 |pmc=5056424 |bibcode=2016NatCo...712980V |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
**Researchers report the development of nanoscale [[Neuromorphic engineering|brain-inspired]] [[Physical neural network|artificial synapses]], using [[Proton#Hydrogen ion|the ion proton]] ({{chem2|H+}}), for 'analog [[deep learning]]'.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Artificial synapse' could make neural networks work more like brains |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2331368-artificial-synapse-could-make-neural-networks-work-more-like-brains/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Onen |first1=Murat |last2=Emond |first2=Nicolas |last3=Wang |first3=Baoming |last4=Zhang |first4=Difei |last5=Ross |first5=Frances M. |last6=Li |first6=Ju |last7=Yildiz |first7=Bilge |last8=del Alamo |first8=Jesús A. |title=Nanosecond protonic programmable resistors for analog deep learning |journal=Science |date=29 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6605 |pages=539–543 |doi=10.1126/science.abp8064 |pmid=35901152 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..539O |s2cid=251159631 |url=http://li.mit.edu/Archive/Papers/22/Onen22EmondScience.pdf |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
**Scientists report the discovery of chemical reactions by potential [[primordial soup]] components that produced [[amino acid]]s and may be part of [[abiogenesis|the origin of life on Earth]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Newly discovered chemical reactions could explain the origin of life |url=https://newatlas.com/biology/new-chemical-reactions-origin-life/ |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=29 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pulletikurti |first1=Sunil |last2=Yadav |first2=Mahipal |last3=Springsteen |first3=Greg |last4=Krishnamurthy |first4=Ramanarayanan |title=Prebiotic synthesis of α-amino acids and orotate from α-ketoacids potentiates transition to extant metabolic pathways |journal=Nature Chemistry |date=28 July 2022 |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=1142–1150 |doi=10.1038/s41557-022-00999-w |pmid=35902742 |bibcode=2022NatCh..14.1142P |s2cid=245765723 |url=https://go.nature.com/3zr1TfJ |language=en |issn=1755-4349}}</ref>
*29 July
**In a [[preprint]], scientists from [[Avi Loeb#The Galileo Project|the Galileo Project]] describe a planned expedition to retrieve small fragments of interstellar meteor [[CNEOS 2014-01-08]], which <!--according to the project's lead scientist -->"appears to be rare both in composition and in speed" and is not ruled out to be "extraterrestrial equipment",<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Loeb |first1=Avi |author1-link=Avi Loeb |title=The First Interstellar Meteor Had a Larger Material Strength Than Iron Meteorites |url=https://avi-loeb.medium.com/the-first-interstellar-meteor-had-a-larger-material-strength-than-iron-meteorites-bd8680ffaeb2 |website=Medium |access-date=21 August 2022 |language=en |date=18 April 2022}}</ref> using a magnetic sled on the seafloor of the impact region.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Carter |first1=Jamie |title=Astronomers plan to fish an interstellar meteorite out of the ocean using a massive magnet |url=https://www.livescience.com/interstellar-asteroid-fishing-expedition |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=livescience.com |date=9 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite arXiv|last1=Siraj |first1=Amir |last2=Loeb |first2=Abraham |last3=Gallaudet |first3=Tim |title=An Ocean Expedition by the Galileo Project to Retrieve Fragments of the First Large Interstellar Meteor CNEOS 2014-01-08 |date=5 August 2022|class=astro-ph.EP |eprint=2208.00092 }}</ref>
**A study, that reanalyzes data used in [[2021 in science#October|a study by DeSilva et al. (2021)]], indicates that [[Brain size#Humans|human brain size]] did not decrease over the last three thousand years as suggested by this study nor within 300 ka as suggested by other studies. It concludes that "the samples need to be specific enough to test the hypothesis across different times and populations".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Corless |first1=Victoria |title=No, the human brain did not shrink |url=https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/no-the-human-brain-did-not-shrink/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Advanced Science News |date=18 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Villmoare |first1=Brian |last2=Grabowski |first2=Mark |title=Did the transition to complex societies in the Holocene drive a reduction in brain size? A reassessment of the DeSilva et al. (2021) hypothesis |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |date=2022 |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2022.963568 |issn=2296-701X|doi-access=free}}</ref>