2022 in science: Difference between revisions

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Template:Short description Template:Year nav topic5 Template:Use dmy dates Template:Very long Template:Science year nav The following scientific events occurred in 2022.

Events[edit]

File:Academic papers by discipline (visualization of 2012–2021 OpenAlex data; v2).png
3 January: A free online index with metadata about over 200 million scientific documents is launched, OpenAlex.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The graphs (full) show one visualization of recent developments of science overall based on this data (fewer papers may not be associated with decreasing success, priority, impact or activity).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

January[edit]

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February[edit]

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March[edit]

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April[edit]

  • 1 April
    • Biochemists report finishing the complete sequence of the human genome.<ref name="SCI-20220401">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Altemose, Nicolas |display-authors=et al.|title=Complete genomic and epigenetic maps of human centromeres |date=1 April 2022 |journal=Science |volume=376 |issue=6588 |pages=eabl4178|doi=10.1126/science.abl4178 |pmid=35357911|pmc=9233505 |s2cid=247853627}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Nurk |first1=Sergey |last2=Koren |first2=Sergey |last3=Rhie |first3=Arang |last4=Rautiainen |first4=Mikko |display-authors=et al. |title=The complete sequence of a human genome |journal=Science |date=April 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6588 |pages=44–53 |doi=10.1126/science.abj6987|pmid=35357919 |pmc=9186530 |bibcode=2022Sci...376...44N |s2cid=247854936 |url=https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/71762/1/Sci_376-6588_44-531_2022%20.pdf }}</ref>
    • A study shows that, contrary to widespread belief, body sizes of mammal extinction survivors of the dinosaur-times extinction event were the first to evolutionarily increase, with brain sizes increasing later in the Eocene.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Mammals' bodies outpaced their brains right after the dinosaurs died |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/mammal-big-bodies-small-brains-dinosaur-extinction-fossils |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=Science News |date=31 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bertrand |first1=Ornella C. |last2=Shelley |first2=Sarah L. |last3=Williamson |first3=Thomas E. |last4=Wible |first4=John R. |last5=Chester |first5=Stephen G. B. |last6=Flynn |first6=John J. |last7=Holbrook |first7=Luke T. |last8=Lyson |first8=Tyler R. |last9=Meng |first9=Jin |last10=Miller |first10=Ian M. |last11=Püschel |first11=Hans P. |last12=Smith |first12=Thierry |last13=Spaulding |first13=Michelle |last14=Tseng |first14=Z. Jack |last15=Brusatte |first15=Stephen L. |title=Brawn before brains in placental mammals after the end-Cretaceous extinction |journal=Science |date=April 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6588 |pages=80–85 |doi=10.1126/science.abl5584 |pmid=35357913 |bibcode=2022Sci...376...80B |s2cid=247853831 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl5584%7Curl-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 4 April
    • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases the third and final part of its Sixth Assessment Report on climate change, warning that greenhouse gas emissions must peak before 2025 at the latest and decline 43% by 2030, in order to likely limit global warming to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F).<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=It's over for fossil fuels: IPCC spells out what's needed to avert climate disaster |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/04/its-over-for-fossil-fuels-ipcc-spells-out-whats-needed-to-avert-climate-disaster |website=The Guardian |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=4 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=The evidence is clear: the time for action is now. We can halve emissions by 2030. |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/ |website=IPCC |date=4 April 2022 |access-date=4 April 2022}}</ref>
    • Researchers announce a new technique for accelerating the development of vaccines and other pharmaceutical products by up to a million times, using much smaller quantities based on DNA nanotechnology.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=A million times faster: DNA nanotechnology could speed up pharmaceutical development while minimizing costs |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-04-million-faster-dna-nanotechnology-pharmaceutical.html |website=Phys.org|date=4 April 2022 |access-date=5 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Malle |first1=Mette Galsgaard |last2=Löffler |first2=Philipp M. G. |last3=Bohr |first3=Søren S.-R. |last4=Sletfjerding |first4=Magnus Berg |last5=Risgaard |first5=Nikolaj Alexander |last6=Jensen |first6=Simon Bo |last7=Zhang |first7=Min |last8=Hedegård |first8=Per |last9=Vogel |first9=Stefan |last10=Hatzakis |first10=Nikos S. |title=Single-particle combinatorial multiplexed liposome fusion mediated by DNA |journal=Nature Chemistry |date=May 2022 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=558–565 |doi=10.1038/s41557-022-00912-5 |pmid=35379901 |bibcode=2022NatCh..14..558M |s2cid=247942781 |language=en |issn=1755-4349}}</ref>
    • Alzheimer's disease (AD) research progress:
      A study reports 42 new genes linked to an increased risk of AD.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Alzheimer's study finds 42 more genes linked to higher risk of disease |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/apr/04/alzheimers-study-finds-42-more-genes-linked-to-higher-risk-of-disease |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=4 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bellenguez |first1=Céline |last2=Küçükali |first2=Fahri |last3=Jansen |first3=Iris E. |last4=Kleineidam |first4=Luca |display-authors=et al. |title=New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias |journal=Nature Genetics |date=April 2022 |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=412–436 |doi=10.1038/s41588-022-01024-z |pmid=35379992 |pmc=9005347 |language=en |issn=1546-1718}}</ref> Researchers report a potential primary mechanism of sleep disturbance as an early-stage effect of neurodegenerative diseases.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Loss of neurons, not lack of sleep, makes Alzheimer's patients drowsy |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-loss-neurons-lack-alzheimer-patients.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=University of California, San Francisco |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Oh |first1=Jun Y. |last2=Walsh |first2=Christine M. |last3=Ranasinghe |first3=Kamalini |last4=Mladinov |first4=Mihovil |display-authors=et al. |title=Subcortical Neuronal Correlates of Sleep in Neurodegenerative Diseases |journal=JAMA Neurology |date=1 May 2022 |volume=79 |issue=5 |pages=498–508 |doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0429 |pmid=35377391 |pmc=8981071 |issn=2168-6149}}</ref> Researchers identify several genes associated with changes in brain structure over lifetime and potential AD therapy-targets (5 Apr).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Genetic 'hotspots' that speed up and slow down brain aging could provide new targets for Alzheimer's drugs |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-genetic-hotspots-brain-aging-alzheimer.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=University of Southern California |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Brouwer |first1=Rachel M. |last2=Klein |first2=Marieke |last3=Grasby |first3=Katrina L. |last4=Schnack |first4=Hugo G. |display-authors=et al. |title=Genetic variants associated with longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan |journal=Nature Neuroscience |date=April 2022 |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=421–432 |doi=10.1038/s41593-022-01042-4 |pmid=35383335 |pmc=10040206 |s2cid=247977288 |language=en |issn=1546-1726 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359751868 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
File:Dark Energy.jpg
5 April: A study suggests that if "quintessence" is an explanation for dark-energy and current data is true as well, the world may start to end within the next 100 My, during which accelerating expansion of the Universe would inverse to contraction (a cyclic model).
  • 5 April
    • COVID-19 pandemic: Preclinical data for a new vaccine developed at the Medical University of Vienna indicates it is effective against all SARS-CoV-2 variants known to date, including Omicron.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Study: Newly developed COVID vaccine from Austria could protect against omicron and other variants |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/948759 |website=EurekAlert!|date=5 April 2022 |access-date=5 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gattinger |first1=Pia |last2=Kratzer |first2=Bernhard |last3=Tulaeva |first3=Inna |last4=Niespodziana |first4=Katarzyna |last5=Ohradanova-Repic |first5=Anna |last6=Gebetsberger |first6=Laura |last7=Borochova |first7=Kristina |last8=Garner-Spitzer |first8=Erika |last9=Trapin |first9=Doris |last10=Hofer |first10=Gerhard |last11=Keller |first11=Walter |last12=Baumgartner |first12=Isabella |last13=Tancevski |first13=Ivan |last14=Khaitov |first14=Musa |last15=Karaulov |first15=Alexander |last16=Stockinger |first16=Hannes |last17=Wiedermann |first17=Ursula |last18=Pickl |first18=Winfried F.|last19=Valenta |first19=Rudolf |title=Vaccine based on folded RBD-PreS fusion protein with potential to induce sterilizing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants |journal=Allergy |date=15 April 2022 |volume=77 |issue=8 |pages=2431–2445 |doi=10.1111/all.15305 |pmid=35357709 |pmc=9111473 |language=en |issn=0105-4538}}</ref>
    • A study presents a mechanism by which the hypothesized potential dark-energy-explaining quintessence, if true, would smoothly cause the accelerating expansion of the Universe to inverse to contraction, possibly within the cosmic near-future (100 My) given current data. It concludes that its end-time scenario theory fits "naturally with cyclic cosmologies [(each a theory of cycles of universe originations and ends, rather than the theories of one Big Bang beginning of the Universe/multiverse, to which authors were major contributors)] and recent conjectures about quantum gravity".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Predicting how soon the universe could collapse if dark energy has quintessence |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-universe-collapse-dark-energy-quintessence.html |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The universe could stop expanding 'remarkably soon', study suggests |url=https://www.livescience.com/end-cosmic-expansion |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=livescience.com |date=2 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Andrei |first1=Cosmin |last2=Ijjas |first2=Anna |last3=Steinhardt |first3=Paul J. |author-link3=Paul Steinhardt|title=Rapidly descending dark energy and the end of cosmic expansion |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=12 April 2022 |volume=119 |issue=15 |pages=e2200539119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2200539119 |pmid=35380902 |pmc=9169868 |arxiv=2201.07704 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11900539A |s2cid=247476377 |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>
File:Coast Impact.jpg
6 April: The first known dinosaur fossil linked to the actual day of the Chicxulub impact is reported.
File:Schizophyllum commune (Split gill) (33389628036).jpg
6 April: A study decodes electrical communication between fungi into word-like components.
  • 7 April
  • 8 April
    • Bioresearchers demonstrate an in vitro method (Template:Tooltip) for rejuvenation (including the transcriptome and epigenome) reprogramming in which fibroblast skin cells temporarily lose their cell identity.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Anti-ageing technique makes skin cells act 30 years younger |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2315485-anti-ageing-technique-makes-skin-cells-act-30-years-younger/ |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gill |first1=Diljeet |last2=Parry |first2=Aled |last3=Santos |first3=Fátima |last4=Okkenhaug |first4=Hanneke |last5=Todd |first5=Christopher D |last6=Hernando-Herraez |first6=Irene |last7=Stubbs |first7=Thomas M |last8=Milagre |first8=Inês |last9=Reik |first9=Wolf |title=Multi-omic rejuvenation of human cells by maturation phase transient reprogramming |journal=eLife |date=8 April 2022 |volume=11 |pages=e71624 |doi=10.7554/eLife.71624 |pmid=35390271 |pmc=9023058 |issn=2050-084X}}</ref>
    • Researchers show air pollution in fast-growing tropical cities caused ~0.5 million earlier deaths in 2018 with a substantial recent and projected rise, proposing "regulatory action targeting emerging anthropogenic sources".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Tropical city air pollution led to 470,000 premature deaths in 2018 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2315496-tropical-city-air-pollution-led-to-470000-premature-deaths-in-2018/ |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vohra |first1=Karn |last2=Marais |first2=Eloise A. |last3=Bloss |first3=William J. |last4=Schwartz |first4=Joel |last5=Mickley |first5=Loretta J. |last6=Van Damme |first6=Martin |last7=Clarisse |first7=Lieven |last8=Coheur |first8=Pierre-F. |title=Rapid rise in premature mortality due to anthropogenic air pollution in fast-growing tropical cities from 2005 to 2018 |journal=Science Advances |date=8 April 2022 |volume=8 |issue=14 |pages=eabm4435 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abm4435 |pmid=35394832 |pmc=8993110 |bibcode=2022SciA....8M4435V |language=en |issn=2375-2548}}</ref>
  • 11 April – A study confirms antidepressant potential of psilocybin therapy protocols (which use the active ingredient in psilocybin mushrooms), providing fMRI data about a correlated likely major effect mechanism – global increases in brain network integration.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Psychedelic frees up depressed brain, study shows |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-61070591 |first1=Philippa|last1=Roxby |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=BBC News |date=11 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Daws |first1=Richard E. |last2=Timmermann |first2=Christopher |last3=Giribaldi |first3=Bruna |last4=Sexton |first4=James D. |last5=Wall |first5=Matthew B. |last6=Erritzoe |first6=David |last7=Roseman |first7=Leor |last8=Nutt |first8=David |last9=Carhart-Harris |first9=Robin |title=Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression |journal=Nature Medicine |date=April 2022 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=844–851 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-01744-z |pmid=35411074 |s2cid=248099554 |language=en |issn=1546-170X}}</ref>
  • 12 April – Science and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine:
    An editorial in a scientific journal reports that relevant areas of food system research are patchy and lack independent assessments.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=The war in Ukraine is exposing gaps in the world's food-systems research |journal=Nature |date=12 April 2022 |volume=604 |issue=7905 |pages=217–218 |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00994-8 |pmid=35414667 |bibcode=2022Natur.604..217. |s2cid=248129049 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00994-8 |access-date=15 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> An editorial projects significant gender and age imbalance in the population in Ukraine as a substantial problem if most refugees, as in other cases, do not return over time (4 Apr).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Matsuura |first1=Hiroaki |title=Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the future demographic crisis |journal=Biodemography and Social Biology |date=2 January 2022 |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1080/19485565.2022.2061524 |pmid=35379045 |s2cid=247953665 |issn=1948-5565}}</ref> A preprint reports impacts of the Ukrainian power grid synchronization with Continental Europe (15 Apr).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
File:The growth of all tracked objects in space over time (space debris and satellites).png
22 April: A study outlines rationale for space governance of satellites/space debris similar to terrestrial environmental regulations.
  • 14 April
    • GNz7q, a distant starburst galaxy, is reported as being a "missing link" between supermassive black holes and the evolution of quasars.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Missing-Link Black Hole Found Lurking in Plain Sight |url=https://www.nao.ac.jp/en/news/science/2022/20220414-subaru.html |website=National Astronomical Observatory of Japan|date=14 April 2022 |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Fujimoto |first1=S. |last2=Brammer |first2=G. B. |last3=Watson |first3=D. |last4=Magdis |first4=G. E. |last5=Kokorev |first5=V. |last6=Greve |first6=T. R. |last7=Toft |first7=S. |last8=Walter |first8=F. |last9=Valiante |first9=R. |last10=Ginolfi |first10=M. |last11=Schneider |first11=R. |last12=Valentino |first12=F. |last13=Colina |first13=L. |last14=Vestergaard |first14=M. |last15=Marques-Chaves |first15=R. |last16=Fynbo |first16=J. P. U. |last17=Krips |first17=M. |last18=Steinhardt |first18=C. L. |last19=Cortzen |first19=I. |last20=Rizzo |first20=F. |last21=Oesch |first21=P. A. |title=A dusty compact object bridging galaxies and quasars at cosmic dawn |journal=Nature |date=April 2022 |volume=604 |issue=7905 |pages=261–265 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04454-1 |pmid=35418632 |arxiv=2204.06393 |bibcode=2022Natur.604..261F |s2cid=248155482 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
    • A study describes the impact of climate change on the survival of cacti. It finds that 60% of species will experience a reduction in favourable climate by 2050–2070, with epiphytes having the greatest exposure to increased warming.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Elevated extinction risk of cacti under climate change |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-022-01130-0 |journal=Nature Plants|date=14 April 2022 |doi=10.1038/s41477-022-01130-0 |access-date=15 April 2022|last1=Pillet |first1=Michiel |last2=Goettsch |first2=Barbara |last3=Merow |first3=Cory |last4=Maitner |first4=Brian |last5=Feng |first5=Xiao |last6=Roehrdanz |first6=Patrick R. |last7=Enquist |first7=Brian J. |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=366–372 |pmid=35422081 |s2cid=248181430 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Even the Cactus May Not Be Safe From Climate Change |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/14/climate/cactus-climate-change.html |website=The New York Times|date=14 April 2022 |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>
    • A preprint demonstrates how backdoors can be placed undetectably into classifying (e.g. posts as "spam" or well-visible "not spam") machine learning models which are often developed and/or trained by third parties. Parties can change the classification of any input, including in cases with types of data/software transparency, possibly including white-box access.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Machine-learning models vulnerable to undetectable backdoors |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/04/21/machine_learning_models_backdoors/ |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=The Register |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Undetectable Backdoors Plantable In Any Machine-Learning Algorithm |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/machine-learningbackdoor |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=IEEE Spectrum |date=10 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite arXiv</ref>
File:Global Carbon Budget Results - Fossil CO2 emissions charts.png
issn=1866-3508}} * News report: Template:Cite news</ref>
  • 16 April – A review suggests that global prevalence of long COVID conditions after infection could be as high as 43%, with the most common symptoms being fatigue and memory problems.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Nearly half of people infected with COVID-19 experienced some 'long COVID' symptoms, study finds |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-people-infected-covid-experienced-covid.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=University of Michigan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chen |first1=Chen |last2=Haupert |first2=Spencer R. |last3=Zimmermann |first3=Lauren |last4=Shi |first4=Xu |last5=Fritsche |first5=Lars G. |last6=Mukherjee |first6=Bhramar |title=Global Prevalence of Post COVID-19 Condition or Long COVID: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |date=16 April 2022 |volume=226 |issue=9 |pages=1593–1607 |doi=10.1093/infdis/jiac136|pmid=35429399 |pmc=9047189 }}</ref>
  • 19 April – NASA publishes its Planetary Science Decadal Survey for 2023-2032. The future mission recommendations include a Uranus orbiter (the first visit to the planet since 1986) and the Enceladus Orbilander (landing in the early 2050s).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Make Uranus mission your priority, Nasa told |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61155725 |website=BBC News|date=19 April 2022 |access-date=20 April 2022}}</ref>
  • 20 April
    • Micronovae, a previously unknown class of thermonuclear explosions on the surface of white dwarfs, are described for the first time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title='Micronova' explosions spotted on distant zombie stars |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/4/20/23032402/micronova-white-dwarf-stars-explosions-magnetic-fields-discovery |website=The Verge|date=20 April 2022 |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Scaringi |first1=S. |last2=Groot |first2=P. J. |last3=Knigge |first3=C. |last4=Bird |first4=A. J. |last5=Breedt |first5=E. |last6=Buckley |first6=D. a. H. |last7=Cavecchi |first7=Y. |last8=Degenaar |first8=N. D. |last9=de Martino |first9=D. |last10=Done |first10=C. |last11=Fratta |first11=M. |last12=Iłkiewicz |first12=K. |last13=Koerding |first13=E. |last14=Lasota |first14=J.-P. |last15=Littlefield |first15=C. |last16=Manara |first16=C. F. |last17=O'Brien |first17=M. |last18=Szkody |first18=P. |last19=Timmes |first19=F. X. |title=Localized thermonuclear bursts from accreting magnetic white dwarfs |journal=Nature |date=April 2022 |volume=604 |issue=7906 |pages=447–450 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04495-6 |pmid=35444319 |arxiv=2204.09070 |bibcode=2022Natur.604..447S |s2cid=248266728 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
    • A study shows that common single-use plastic products – such as paper coffee cups that are lined with a thin plastic film inside – release trillions of microplastics-nanoparticles per liter into water during normal use.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Take-out coffee cups may be shedding trillions of plastic nanoparticles, study says |url=https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2022/05/06/to-go-coffee-cups-trillions-plastic-nanoparticles/4821651596271/ |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=UPI |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zangmeister |first1=Christopher D. |last2=Radney |first2=James G. |last3=Benkstein |first3=Kurt D. |last4=Kalanyan |first4=Berc |title=Common Single-Use Consumer Plastic Products Release Trillions of Sub-100 nm Nanoparticles per Liter into Water during Normal Use |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |date=3 May 2022 |volume=56 |issue=9 |pages=5448–5455 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.1c06768 |pmid=35441513 |bibcode=2022EnST...56.5448Z |s2cid=248263169 |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.est.1c06768 |language=en |issn=0013-936X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 21 April – Researchers discover that humans are interrupting a 66-million-years-old feature of ecosystems, the relationship between diet and body mass, by driving the largest vertebrate animals towards extinction, which they suggest could have unpredictable consequences.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Cutting animals down to size could backfire on humans | UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology |url=https://www.ceh.ac.uk/cutting-animals-down-size-could-backfire-humans |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=www.ceh.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last= Druker |first=Simon |date=April 21, 2022|title=Study: Humans interrupting 66-million-year-old relationship among animals |url=https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2022/04/21/humans-interupting-66-million-year-relationship-eliminating-large-animals/7651650562988/ |work= UPI|location= |access-date=April 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cooke |first1=Rob |last2=Gearty |first2=William |display-authors=etal.|date=2022 |title=Anthropogenic disruptions to longstanding patterns of trophic-size structure in vertebrates |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-022-01726-x |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume= 6|issue= 6|pages= 684–692|doi=10.1038/s41559-022-01726-x |pmid=35449460 |s2cid=248323833 }}</ref>
  • 22 April
    • The Large Hadron Collider recommences full operations, three years after being shut down for upgrades.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=LHC restarts|url=https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/large-hadron-collider-restarts%7Cwebsite=CERN%7Cdate=22 April 2022 |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref>
    • Scientists suggest in a study that space governance of satellites/space debris should regulate the current free externalization of true costs and risks, with orbital space around the Earth being an "additional ecosystem" which should be subject to regulations as e.g. oceans on Earth.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Orbital space around Earth must be protected amid rise in satellites, say scientists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/apr/22/orbital-space-earth-protected-scientists-satellites |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=22 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lawrence |first1=Andy |last2=Rawls |first2=Meredith L. |last3=Jah |first3=Moriba |last4=Boley |first4=Aaron |last5=Di Vruno |first5=Federico |last6=Garrington |first6=Simon |last7=Kramer |first7=Michael |last8=Lawler |first8=Samantha |last9=Lowenthal |first9=James |last10=McDowell |first10=Jonathan |last11=McCaughrean |first11=Mark |title=The case for space environmentalism |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=April 2022 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=428–435 |doi=10.1038/s41550-022-01655-6 |arxiv=2204.10025 |bibcode=2022NatAs...6..428L |s2cid=248300127 |language=en |issn=2397-3366}}</ref>
    • Cancer research progress:
      The largest study of whole cancer genomes reports 58 new mutational signatures and shows that for each organ "cancers have a limited number of common signatures and a long tail of rare signatures".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Largest study of whole genome sequencing data reveals 'treasure trove' of clues about causes of cancer |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-largest-genome-sequencing-reveals-treasure.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=University of Cambridge |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Degasperi |first1=Andrea |last2=Zou |first2=Xueqing |last3=Dias Amarante |first3=Tauanne |last4=Martinez-Martinez |first4=Andrea |display-authors=et al. |title=Substitution mutational signatures in whole-genome–sequenced cancers in the UK population |journal=Science |date=22 April 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6591 |pages=abl9283 |doi=10.1126/science.abl9283 |pmid=35949260 |pmc=7613262 |s2cid=248334490 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> A study reports presence of certain bacteria in the prostate and urine for aggressive forms of prostate cancer, with biomarker- and therapeutic potentials being unclear (18 Apr).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Five types of bacteria linked to aggressive prostate cancer |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-04-bacteria-linked-aggressive-prostate-cancer.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=University of East Anglia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hurst |first1=Rachel |last2=Meader |first2=Emma |last3=Gihawi |first3=Abraham |last4=Rallapalli |first4=Ghanasyam |display-authors=et al. |title=Microbiomes of Urine and the Prostate Are Linked to Human Prostate Cancer Risk Groups |journal=European Urology Oncology |date=18 April 2022 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=412–419 |doi=10.1016/j.euo.2022.03.006 |pmid=35450835 |s2cid=248249618 |language=English |issn=2588-9311}}</ref>
  • 25 April
    • Novel foods such as under-development<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Lebensmittel aus dem Labor könnten der Umwelt helfen |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/lebensmittel-aus-dem-labor-koennten-der-umwelt-helfen/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=16 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> cultured meat, existing microbial foods and ground-up insects are shown to have the potential to reduce environmental impacts by over 80% in a study.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Lab-grown meat and insects 'good for planet and health' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61182294 |website=BBC News|date=25 April 2022 |access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Incorporation of novel foods in European diets can reduce global warming potential, water use and land use by over 80% |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-022-00489-9 |journal=Nature Food|date=25 April 2022 |doi=10.1038/s43016-022-00489-9 |access-date=25 April 2022|last1=Mazac |first1=Rachel |last2=Meinilä |first2=Jelena |last3=Korkalo |first3=Liisa |last4=Järviö |first4=Natasha |last5=Jalava |first5=Mika |last6=Tuomisto |first6=Hanna L. |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=286–293 |pmid=37118200 |hdl=10138/348140 |s2cid=257158726 }}</ref>
    • A review about meat and sustainability of food systems, animal welfare, and healthy nutrition concludes that its consumption has to be reduced substantially for sustainable consumption and names broad potential measures such as "restrictions or fiscal mechanisms".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Meat consumption must fall by at least 75% for sustainable consumption, says study |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-04-meat-consumption-fall-sustainable.html |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=University of Bonn}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Parlasca |first1=Martin C. |last2=Qaim |first2=Matin |title=Meat Consumption and Sustainability |journal=Annual Review of Resource Economics |date=5 October 2022 |volume=14 |pages=17–41 |doi=10.1146/annurev-resource-111820-032340 |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-resource-111820-032340 |issn=1941-1340}}</ref>
    • A new type of cell death 'erebosis' is reported<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Death in darkness: A new type of cell death discovered in fly guts |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-04-death-darkness-cell-guts.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=Riken |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ciesielski |first1=Hanna M. |last2=Nishida |first2=Hiroshi |last3=Takano |first3=Tomomi |last4=Fukuhara |first4=Aya |last5=Otani |first5=Tetsuhisa |last6=Ikegawa |first6=Yuko |last7=Okada |first7=Morihiro |last8=Nishimura |first8=Takashi |last9=Furuse |first9=Mikio |last10=Yoo |first10=Sa Kan |title=Erebosis, a new cell death mechanism during homeostatic turnover of gut enterocytes |journal=PLOS Biology |date=25 April 2022 |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=e3001586 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001586 |pmid=35468130 |pmc=9037934 |language=en |issn=1545-7885}}</ref> after copper-dependent cell death was first reported the previous month.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists discover a new kind of cell death linked to copper |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-03-scientists-kind-cell-death-linked.html |access-date=15 May 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tsvetkov |first1=Peter |last2=Coy |first2=Shannon |last3=Petrova |first3=Boryana |last4=Dreishpoon |first4=Margaret |last5=Verma |first5=Ana |last6=Abdusamad |first6=Mai |last7=Rossen |first7=Jordan |last8=Joesch-Cohen |first8=Lena |last9=Humeidi |first9=Ranad |last10=Spangler |first10=Ryan D. |last11=Eaton |first11=John K. |last12=Frenkel |first12=Evgeni |last13=Kocak |first13=Mustafa |last14=Corsello |first14=Steven M. |last15=Lutsenko |first15=Svetlana |last16=Kanarek |first16=Naama |last17=Santagata |first17=Sandro |last18=Golub |first18=Todd R. |title=Copper induces cell death by targeting lipoylated TCA cycle proteins |journal=Science |date=18 March 2022 |volume=375 |issue=6586 |pages=1254–1261 |doi=10.1126/science.abf0529 |pmid=35298263 |pmc=9273333 |bibcode=2022Sci...375.1254T |s2cid=247521088 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
  • 26 April
    • Scientists report the detection of purine and pyrimidine nucleobases in several meteorites, including guanine, adenine, cytosine, uracil and thymine, and claim that such meteoritic nucleobases could serve as "building blocks of DNA and RNA on the early Earth".<ref name="NC-20220426">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Oba, Yasuhiro |display-authors=et al |title=Identifying the wide diversity of extraterrestrial purine and pyrimidine nucleobases in carbonaceous meteorites |date=26 April 2022 |journal=Nature Communications |volume=13 |number=2008 |page=2008 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-29612-x |pmid=35473908 |pmc=9042847 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.2008O }}
      News articles: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=All of the bases in DNA and RNA have now been found in meteorites |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/all-of-the-bases-in-dna-and-rna-have-now-been-found-in-meteorites |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=Science News |date=26 April 2022}}
      {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Could key ingredients for life have arrived from space? Scientists say yes |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/key-ingredients-life-arrived-space-scientists-say-yes-rcna26400 |access-date=13 May 2022 |work=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>
    • The Global Carbon Budget 2021 concludes that fossil Template:CO2 emissions rebounded by around +4.8% relative to 2020 emissions – returning to 2019 levels, identifies three major issues for improving reliable accuracy of monitoring, shows that China and India surpassed 2019 levels (by 5.7% and 3.2%) while the EU and the US stayed beneath 2019 levels (by 5.3% and 4.5%), quantifies various changes and trends, for the first time provides models' estimates that are linked to the official country GHG inventories reporting, and shows that the remaining carbon budget at 1. Jan 2022 for a 50% likelihood to limit global warming to 1.5 °C is 120 GtC (420 GtTemplate:CO2) – or 11 years of 2021 emissions levels.<ref name="10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022"/>
    • Scientists propose and preliminarily evaluate a likely transgressed planetary boundary for Template:Tooltip in the water cycle, measured by root-zone soil moisture deviation from Holocene variability.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang-Erlandsson |first1=Lan |last2=Tobian |first2=Arne |last3=van der Ent |first3=Ruud J. |last4=Fetzer |first4=Ingo |last5=te Wierik |first5=Sofie |last6=Porkka |first6=Miina |last7=Staal |first7=Arie |last8=Jaramillo |first8=Fernando |last9=Dahlmann |first9=Heindriken |last10=Singh |first10=Chandrakant |last11=Greve |first11=Peter |last12=Gerten |first12=Dieter |last13=Keys |first13=Patrick W. |last14=Gleeson |first14=Tom |last15=Cornell |first15=Sarah E. |last16=Steffen |first16=Will |last17=Bai |first17=Xuemei |last18=Rockström |first18=Johan |title=A planetary boundary for green water |journal=Nature Reviews Earth & Environment |date=26 April 2022 |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=380–392 |doi=10.1038/s43017-022-00287-8 |bibcode=2022NRvEE...3..380W |s2cid=248386281 |url=https://rdcu.be/cL78K |language=en |issn=2662-138X}}</ref>Template:Additional citation needed A study published one day earlier integrates "green water" along with "blue water" into an index to measure and project water scarcity in agriculture for climate change scenarios.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Water scarcity predicted to worsen in more than 80% of croplands globally this century |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-scarcity-worsen-croplands-globally-century.html |access-date=16 May 2022 |work=American Geophysical Union |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Liu |first1=Xingcai |last2=Liu |first2=Wenfeng |last3=Tang |first3=Qiuhong |last4=Liu |first4=Bo |last5=Wada |first5=Yoshihide |last6=Yang |first6=Hong |title=Global Agricultural Water Scarcity Assessment Incorporating Blue and Green Water Availability Under Future Climate Change |journal=Earth's Future |date=April 2022 |volume=10 |issue=4 |doi=10.1029/2021EF002567|bibcode=2022EaFut..1002567L |s2cid=248398232 |url=https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag%3A24825 }}</ref>
  • 27 April
  • 28 April

May[edit]

File:EHT Saggitarius A black hole.tif
12 May: Sagittarius A*, black hole in the center of the Milky Way, revealed by the Event Horizon Telescope team
  • 1 May
    • A preprint indicates Omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5 can cause a large share of reinfections, beyond the increase of reinfections caused by the Omicron lineage, even for people who were infected by Omicron BA.1 due to increases in immune evasion, especially for the unvaccinated.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How soon after catching COVID-19 can you get it again? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/health/2022-05-03/covid-19-reinfection-what-are-the-odds-of-catching-it-twice/101024180 |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=ABC News |date=2 May 2022 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Khan |first1=Khadija |last2=Karim |first2=Farina |last3=Ganga |first3=Yashica |last4=Bernstein |first4=Mallory |last5=Jule |first5=Zesuliwe |last6=Reedoy |first6=Kajal |last7=Cele |first7=Sandile |last8=Lustig |first8=Gila |last9=Amoako |first9=Daniel |last10=Wolter |first10=Nicole |last11=Samsunder |first11=Natasha |last12=Sivro |first12=Aida |last13=San |first13=James Emmanuel |last14=Giandhari |first14=Jennifer |last15=Tegally |first15=Houriiyah |last16=Pillay |first16=Sureshnee |last17=Naidoo |first17=Yeshnee |last18=Mazibuko |first18=Matilda |last19=Miya |first19=Yoliswa |last20=Ngcobo |first20=Nokuthula |last21=Manickchund |first21=Nithendra |last22=Magula |first22=Nombulelo |last23=Karim |first23=Quarraisha Abdool |last24=Gottberg |first24=Anne von |last25=Karim |first25=Salim S. Abdool |last26=Hanekom |first26=Willem |last27=Gosnell |first27=Bernadett I. |last28=Team |first28=Commit-Kzn |last29=Lessells |first29=Richard J. |last30=Oliveira |first30=Tulio de |last31=Moosa |first31=Mahomed-Yunus S. |last32=Sigal |first32=Alex |title=Omicron sub-lineages BA.4/BA.5 escape BA.1 infection elicited neutralizing immunity |website=medRxiv |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.22274477v1 |access-date=24 June 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.04.29.22274477 |date=1 May 2022|s2cid=248474643 }}</ref> On 18 May, a study shows that immunity from an Omicron infection for unvaccinated and previously uninfected is weak "against non-Omicron variants".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Williams |first1=Sarah C. p |title='Natural immunity' from omicron is weak and limited, study finds |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-natural-immunity-omicron-weak-limited.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=Gladstone Institutes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Suryawanshi |first1=Rahul K. |last2=Chen |first2=Irene P. |last3=Ma |first3=Tongcui |last4=Syed |first4=Abdullah M. |last5=Brazer |first5=Noah |last6=Saldhi |first6=Prachi |last7=Simoneau |first7=Camille R. |last8=Ciling |first8=Alison |last9=Khalid |first9=Mir M. |last10=Sreekumar |first10=Bharath |last11=Chen |first11=Pei-Yi |last12=Kumar |first12=G. Renuka |last13=Montano |first13=Mauricio |last14=Gascon |first14=Ronne |last15=Tsou |first15=Chia-Lin |last16=Garcia-Knight |first16=Miguel A. |last17=Sotomayor-Gonzalez |first17=Alicia |last18=Servellita |first18=Venice |last19=Gliwa |first19=Amelia |last20=Nguyen |first20=Jenny |last21=Silva |first21=Ines |last22=Milbes |first22=Bilal |last23=Kojima |first23=Noah |last24=Hess |first24=Victoria |last25=Shacreaw |first25=Maria |last26=Lopez |first26=Lauren |last27=Brobeck |first27=Matthew |last28=Turner |first28=Fred |last29=Soveg |first29=Frank W. |last30=George |first30=Ashley F. |last31=Fang |first31=Xiaohui |last32=Maishan |first32=Mazharul |last33=Matthay |first33=Michael |last34=Morris |first34=Mary Kate |last35=Wadford |first35=Debra |last36=Hanson |first36=Carl |last37=Greene |first37=Warner C. |last38=Andino |first38=Raul |last39=Spraggon |first39=Lee |last40=Roan |first40=Nadia R. |last41=Chiu |first41=Charles Y. |last42=Doudna |first42=Jennifer A. |last43=Ott |first43=Melanie |title=Limited cross-variant immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron without vaccination |journal=Nature |date=18 May 2022 |volume=607 |issue=7918 |pages=351–355 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04865-0 |pmid=35584773 |pmc=9279157 |bibcode=2022Natur.607..351S |s2cid=248890159 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
    • A preprint suggests that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in or transmitted through the air are an unrecognized mechanism by which, transferred, passive immune protection occurs.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study suggests aerosol transmission of antibodies may contribute to host protection against SARS-CoV-2 |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220503/Study-suggests-aerosol-transmission-of-antibodies-may-contribute-to-host-protection-against-SARS-CoV-2.aspx |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=3 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kedl |first1=Ross M. |last2=Hsieh |first2=Elena |last3=Morrison |first3=Thomas E. |last4=Samayoa-Reyes |first4=Gabriela |last5=Flaherty |first5=Siobhan |last6=Jackson |first6=Conner L. |last7=Rochford |first7=Rosemary |title=Evidence for Aerosol Transfer of SARS-CoV2-specific Humoral Immunity |website=medRxiv |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.22274443v1.full-text |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.04.28.22274443 |date=1 May 2022|s2cid=248474649 }}</ref> However, if not sustained, protection from passive herd immunity is thought to wane over the course of weeks to months.
  • 4 May
  • 5 May
    • The monthly average [[Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere|carbon dioxide (Template:CO2) level in Earth's atmosphere]] exceeds 420 parts per million (ppm) for the first time in recorded history.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Earth's Template:CO2 hits highest recorded level in human history |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/carbon-dioxide-record-co2-b2072614.html%7Cwebsite=The Independent|date=7 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide |url=https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html%7Cwebsite=NOAA%7Cdate=9 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref>
    • A new approach to reverse of neuropathic pain is demonstrated in animals – a gene therapy for local transgenes encoding for (releasing) GABA which is effective for months at a time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Gene therapy shows promise in treating neuropathy from spinal cord injuries |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-gene-therapy-neuropathy-spinal-cord.html |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=University of California-San Diego |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tadokoro |first1=Takahiro |last2=Bravo-Hernandez |first2=Mariana |last3=Agashkov |first3=Kirill |last4=Kobayashi |first4=Yoshiomi |display-authors=et al. |title=Precision spinal gene delivery-induced functional switch in nociceptive neurons reverses neuropathic pain |journal=Molecular Therapy |date=May 2022 |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=2722–2745 |doi=10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.023|pmid=35524407 |pmc=9372322 |s2cid=248553626}}</ref>
    • A study demonstrates that a 30% caloric restriction extended life spans of male C57BL/6J mice by 10% but when combined with daily intermittent fasting and eating during the most active time of the day it extended life span by 35%.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Cutting calories and eating at the right time of day leads to longer life in mice |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-calories-day-longer-life-mice.html |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=Howard Hughes Medical Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Acosta-Rodríguez |first1=Victoria |last2=Rijo-Ferreira |first2=Filipa |last3=Izumo |first3=Mariko |last4=Xu |first4=Pin |last5=Wight-Carter |first5=Mary |last6=Green |first6=Carla B. |last7=Takahashi |first7=Joseph S. |title=Circadian alignment of early onset caloric restriction promotes longevity in male C57BL/6J mice |journal=Science |date=10 June 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6598 |pages=1192–1202 |doi=10.1126/science.abk0297 |pmid=35511946 |pmc=9262309 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1192A |s2cid=248544027 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
File:Potential CO2 emissions from large fossil fuel projects 'carbon bombs' per country.jpg
12 May: Researchers identify the 425 biggest fossil fuel extraction projects globally, 40% of which haven't yet started extraction, that threaten climate change mitigation of global climate goals.
File:Universe Antiuniverse model.png
18 May and 2 May: Two separate studies show how two twin-universe cosmological models could each explain specific open problems of physics or cosmology.
  • 11 May
    • A logic gate for computation at femtosecond timescales is demonstrated.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Laser bursts drive fastest-ever logic gates |url=https://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/laser-driven-logic-gates-petahertz-ultrafast-computers-522142/%7Cwebsite=University of Rochester|date=11 May 2022 |access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Boolakee |first1=Tobias |last2=Heide |first2=Christian |last3=Garzón-Ramírez |first3=Antonio |last4=Weber |first4=Heiko B. |last5=Franco |first5=Ignacio |last6=Hommelhoff |first6=Peter |title=Light-field control of real and virtual charge carriers |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7909 |pages=251–255 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04565-9 |pmid=35546189 |arxiv=2203.03509 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..251B |s2cid=247292038 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
    • A study shows that infusing the nourishing cerebrospinal fluid from around brain cells of young mice into aged brains rejuvenates aspects of the brain, identifying FGF17 as a key target for potential therapeutics such as of anti-aging.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Giving an old mouse cerebrospinal fluid from a young mouse improves its memory |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-mouse-cerebrospinal-fluid-young-memory.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Verjüngung der Gedächtnisleistung von alten Mäusen |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/verjuengung-der-gedaechtnisleistung-von-alten-maeusen/ |publisher=Science Media Centre Germany |access-date=22 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Iram |first1=Tal |last2=Kern |first2=Fabian |last3=Kaur |first3=Achint |last4=Myneni |first4=Saket |last5=Morningstar |first5=Allison R. |last6=Shin |first6=Heather |last7=Garcia |first7=Miguel A. |last8=Yerra |first8=Lakshmi |last9=Palovics |first9=Robert |last10=Yang |first10=Andrew C. |last11=Hahn |first11=Oliver |last12=Lu |first12=Nannan |last13=Shuken |first13=Steven R. |last14=Haney |first14=Michael S. |last15=Lehallier |first15=Benoit |last16=Iyer |first16=Manasi |last17=Luo |first17=Jian |last18=Zetterberg |first18=Henrik |last19=Keller |first19=Andreas |last20=Zuchero |first20=J. Bradley |last21=Wyss-Coray |first21=Tony |title=Young CSF restores oligodendrogenesis and memory in aged mice via Fgf17 |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7910 |pages=509–515 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04722-0 |pmid=35545674 |pmc=9377328 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..509I |s2cid=248741220 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
    • Scientists close a missing link in the potential origin of life from a RNA world – synergistic formation of peptides and ever-longer RNAs or peptide-decorated RNA, leading to a protein world.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How life could have arisen on an 'RNA world' |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/how-life-could-have-arisen-rna-world |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=www.science.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Müller |first1=Felix |last2=Escobar |first2=Luis |last3=Xu |first3=Felix |last4=Węgrzyn |first4=Ewa |last5=Nainytė |first5=Milda |last6=Amatov |first6=Tynchtyk |last7=Chan |first7=Chun-Yin |last8=Pichler |first8=Alexander |last9=Carell |first9=Thomas |title=A prebiotically plausible scenario of an RNA–peptide world |journal=Nature |date=May 2022 |volume=605 |issue=7909 |pages=279–284 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04676-3 |pmid=35546190 |pmc=9095488 |bibcode=2022Natur.605..279M |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
    • A study suggests that in children at age 8–12 during two years, time gaming or watching digital videos can be positively correlated with measures intelligence, albeit correlations with overall screen time (including social media, socializing and TV) were not investigated and 'time gaming' did not differentiate between categories of video games (e.g. shares of games' platform and genre).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Video games can boost children's intelligence: study |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-video-games-boost-children-intelligence.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=Karolinska Institutet |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sauce |first1=Bruno |last2=Liebherr |first2=Magnus |last3=Judd |first3=Nicholas |last4=Klingberg |first4=Torkel |title=The impact of digital media on children's intelligence while controlling for genetic differences in cognition and socioeconomic background |journal=Scientific Reports |date=11 May 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=7720 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-11341-2 |pmid=35545630 |pmc=9095723 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12.7720S |language=en |issn=2045-2322}}</ref>
  • 12 May
    • Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, is imaged for the first time by the Event Horizon Telescope team.<ref name="NYT-20220512">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Has the Milky Way's Black Hole Come to Light? - The Event Horizon Telescope reaches again for a glimpse of the "unseeable". |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/science/black-hole-photo.html |date=12 May 2022 |work=The New York Times |access-date=12 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Telescopes Get Extraordinary View of Milky Way's Black Hole - Teachable Moments |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2022/5/12/telescopes-get-extraordinary-view-of-milky-ways-black-hole/ |website=NASA/JPL Edu |access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>
    • Researchers report that lunar soil has been used to grow plants for the first time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Moon soil used to grow plants for first time in breakthrough test |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61434295%7Cwebsite=BBC News|date=13 May 2022 |access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=A first: Scientists grow plants in soil from the moon |url=https://news.ufl.edu/2022/05/lunar-plants/%7Cwebsite=University of Florida|date=12 May 2022 |access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Paul |first1=Anna-Lisa |last2=Elardo |first2=Stephen M. |last3=Ferl |first3=Robert |title=Plants grown in Apollo lunar regolith present stress-associated transcriptomes that inform prospects for lunar exploration |journal=Communications Biology |date=12 May 2022 |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=382 |doi=10.1038/s42003-022-03334-8 |pmid=35552509 |pmc=9098553 |language=en |issn=2399-3642}}</ref>
    • Researchers identify the 425 biggest fossil fuel extraction projects globally, of which 40% as of 2020 are new projects that haven't yet started extraction. They conclude that "defusing" these "carbon bombs" – worked on by only "few actors" to date – would be necessary for climate change mitigation of global climate goals.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kühne |first1=Kjell |last2=Bartsch |first2=Nils |last3=Tate |first3=Ryan Driskell |last4=Higson |first4=Julia |last5=Habet |first5=André |title="Carbon Bombs" - Mapping key fossil fuel projects |journal=Energy Policy |date=1 July 2022 |volume=166 |pages=112950 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112950 |s2cid=248756651 |language=en |issn=0301-4215}}
  • News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Taylor |first1=Damian Carrington Matthew |title=Revealed: the 'carbon bombs' set to trigger catastrophic climate breakdown |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2022/may/11/fossil-fuel-carbon-bombs-climate-breakdown-oil-gas |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> On 17 May, a separate study finds that "staying within a 1.5 °C carbon budget (50% probability) implies leaving almost 40% of 'developed reserves' of fossil fuels unextracted".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Trout |first1=Kelly |last2=Muttitt |first2=Greg |last3=Lafleur |first3=Dimitri |last4=Van de Graaf |first4=Thijs |last5=Mendelevitch |first5=Roman |last6=Mei |first6=Lan |last7=Meinshausen |first7=Malte |title=Existing fossil fuel extraction would warm the world beyond 1.5 °C |journal=Environmental Research Letters |date=17 May 2022 |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=064010 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac6228 |bibcode=2022ERL....17f4010T |s2cid=248853320 |language=en |issn=1748-9326}}
  • News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study warns nearly half of fossil fuel sites need to be shut down to avoid climate disaster |url=https://interestingengineering.com/fossil-fuel-sites-shut-down-avoid-climate-disaster |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Interesting Engineering}}</ref> On 26 May, a study calculates climate policies-induced future lost financial profits from global stranded fossil-fuel assets.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Semieniuk |first1=Gregor |last2=Holden |first2=Philip B. |last3=Mercure |first3=Jean-Francois |last4=Salas |first4=Pablo |last5=Pollitt |first5=Hector |last6=Jobson |first6=Katharine |last7=Vercoulen |first7=Pim |last8=Chewpreecha |first8=Unnada |last9=Edwards |first9=Neil R. |last10=Viñuales |first10=Jorge E. |title=Stranded fossil-fuel assets translate to major losses for investors in advanced economies |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=June 2022 |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=532–538 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01356-y |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..532S |s2cid=249069181 |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}
  • News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=People in US and UK face huge financial hit if fossil fuels lose value, study shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/26/people-in-us-and-uk-face-huge-financial-hit-if-fossil-fuels-lose-value-study-shows |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=26 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
  • 17 May
    • Isotopically pure silicon-28 nanowires are shown to conduct heat 150% better than regular silicon, with potential for improved cooling of computer chips.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New silicon nanowires can really take the heat |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-silicon-nanowires.html%7Cwebsite=Phys.org%7Cdate=17 May 2022 |access-date=17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ci |first1=Penghong |last2=Sun |first2=Muhua |last3=Upadhyaya |first3=Meenakshi |last4=Song |first4=Houfu |last5=Jin |first5=Lei |last6=Sun |first6=Bo |last7=Jones |first7=Matthew R. |last8=Ager |first8=Joel W. |last9=Aksamija |first9=Zlatan |last10=Wu |first10=Junqiao |title=Giant Isotope Effect of Thermal Conductivity in Silicon Nanowires |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=23 February 2022 |volume=128 |issue=8 |pages=085901 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.085901|pmid=35275649 |bibcode=2022PhRvL.128h5901C |s2cid=247091546 }}</ref>
    • According to reports, the partly-public 2022 United States Congress hearings on UFOs may result in the UAP issue being approached more seriously, such as for a scientific public pursuit for answers and an increased interest from scientists. Known ongoing scientific research is conducted by non-profit groups of researchers that use or develop expensive equipment for new high-quality data<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=David |first1=Leonard |title=What's next for UFO studies after landmark congressional hearing? |url=https://www.space.com/future-ufo-research-after-congress-hearing |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Space.com |date=18 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=After Congress' first hearing on UFOs in 50 years, some scientists want to be let in on the investigation |url=https://news.yahoo.com/congress-first-hearing-ufos-50-204051516.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=news.yahoo.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Why some scientists want serious research into UFOs |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ufo-science-research-uap-congress-pentagon |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Science News |date=19 May 2022}}</ref> rather than analyzing or systematically organizing public data.
    • A review concludes that, like in 2015, pollution (Template:Frac from air pollution) was responsible for 9 million premature deaths in 2019 (one in six deaths). It concludes that little real progress against pollution can be identified and outlines needs for attention and action such as a "formal science–policy interface".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Dickie |first1=Gloria |title=Pollution killing 9 million people a year, Africa hardest hit - study |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/pollution-killing-9-million-people-year-africa-hardest-hit-study-2022-05-17/ |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=Reuters |date=18 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Fuller |first1=Richard |last2=Landrigan |first2=Philip J |last3=Balakrishnan |first3=Kalpana |last4=Bathan |first4=Glynda |last5=Bose-O'Reilly |first5=Stephan |last6=Brauer |first6=Michael |last7=Caravanos |first7=Jack |last8=Chiles |first8=Tom |last9=Cohen |first9=Aaron |last10=Corra |first10=Lilian |last11=Cropper |first11=Maureen |last12=Ferraro |first12=Greg |last13=Hanna |first13=Jill |last14=Hanrahan |first14=David |last15=Hu |first15=Howard |last16=Hunter |first16=David |last17=Janata |first17=Gloria |last18=Kupka |first18=Rachael |last19=Lanphear |first19=Bruce |last20=Lichtveld |first20=Maureen |last21=Martin |first21=Keith |last22=Mustapha |first22=Adetoun |last23=Sanchez-Triana |first23=Ernesto |last24=Sandilya |first24=Karti |last25=Schaefli |first25=Laura |last26=Shaw |first26=Joseph |last27=Seddon |first27=Jessica |last28=Suk |first28=William |last29=Téllez-Rojo |first29=Martha María |last30=Yan |first30=Chonghuai |title=Pollution and health: a progress update |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |date=June 2022 |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=e535–e547 |doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0|pmid=35594895 |s2cid=248905224 }}</ref>
    • A trial shows that Urolithin A can improve muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study: Daily intake of Urolithin A improves muscle strength by 12% after four months |url=https://www.news-medical.net/amp/news/20220517/Study-Daily-intake-of-Urolithin-A-improves-muscle-strength-by-1225-after-four-months.aspx |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Singh |first1=Anurag |last2=D'Amico |first2=Davide |last3=Andreux |first3=Pénélope A. |last4=Fouassier |first4=Andréane M. |last5=Blanco-Bose |first5=William |last6=Evans |first6=Mal |last7=Aebischer |first7=Patrick |last8=Auwerx |first8=Johan |last9=Rinsch |first9=Chris |title=Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |date=May 2022 |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=100633 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100633|pmid=35584623 |pmc=9133463 |s2cid=248877320 }}</ref>
  • 18 May
    • NASA reports that the Voyager 1 spacecraft, the farthest human-made object, is sending data that does not reflect what is happening on board with the antenna apparently remaining in its prescribed orientation to Earth.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Voyager is sending 'impossible data' back to Nasa from the edge of the Solar System |url=https://news.yahoo.com/voyager-sending-impossible-data-back-051015157.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=news.yahoo.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Engineers Investigating NASA's Voyager 1 Telemetry Data |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/engineers-investigating-nasas-voyager-1-telemetry-data |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref> On 17 June, it was reported that NASA is preparing to power down the two Voyager spacecraft in the hope of using the remaining power to extend their operation to about 2030.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Folger |first1=Tim |title=Record-Breaking Voyager Spacecraft Begin to Power Down |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/record-breaking-voyager-spacecraft-begin-to-power-down/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref>
    • A study shows how a Twin-world models cosmological model – already extensively studied to find out why gravity appears much weaker than other known forces – could explain the Hubble constant (H0) tension via interactions between the two worlds. The "mirror world" would contain copies of all existing fundamental particles.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Mirror world of dark particles could explain cosmic anomaly |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/mirror-world-of-dark-particles-could-explain-cosmic-anomaly/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Physics World |date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cyr-Racine |first1=Francis-Yan |last2=Ge |first2=Fei |last3=Knox |first3=Lloyd |title=Symmetry of Cosmological Observables, a Mirror World Dark Sector, and the Hubble Constant |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=18 May 2022 |volume=128 |issue=20 |pages=201301 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.201301|pmid=35657861 |arxiv=2107.13000 |bibcode=2022PhRvL.128t1301C |s2cid=248904936 }}</ref> On 2 May, another twin/pair-world or "bi-worlds" cosmology is shown to theoretically be able to solve the cosmological constant (Λ) problem, closely related to dark energy: two interacting worlds with a large Λ each resulting in a small shared effective Λ.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Bedford |first1=Bailey |title=Bilayer graphene inspires two-universe cosmological model |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-bilayer-graphene-two-universe-cosmological.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Joint Quantum Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Parhizkar |first1=Alireza |last2=Galitski |first2=Victor |title=Strained bilayer graphene, emergent energy scales, and Moiré gravity |journal=Physical Review Research |date=2 May 2022 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=L022027 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L022027|arxiv=2108.04252 |bibcode=2022PhRvR...4b2027P |s2cid=236965490 }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite arXiv</ref> Previous similar models e.g. attempt to explain the baryon asymmetry – why there was more matter than antimatter at the beginning – with a mirror anti-universe.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Our universe has antimatter partner on the other side of the Big Bang, say physicists |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/our-universe-has-antimatter-partner-on-the-other-side-of-the-big-bang-say-physicists/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Physics World |date=3 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Letzter |first1=Rafi |title=Why some physicists really think there's a 'mirror universe' hiding in space-time |url=https://www.space.com/truth-behind-nasa-mirror-parallel-universe.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Space.com |date=23 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Boyle |first1=Latham |last2=Finn |first2=Kieran |last3=Turok |first3=Neil |title=CPT-Symmetric Universe |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=20 December 2018 |volume=121 |issue=25 |pages=251301 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.251301|pmid=30608856 |arxiv=1803.08928 |bibcode=2018PhRvL.121y1301B |s2cid=58638592 }}</ref>
File:Graphyne v2.svg
21 May: Graphyne is synthesised for the first time.
File:Monkeypox.jpg
21 May: The World Health Organization confirms a monkeypox outbreak in 12 non-endemic countries.
  • 21 May
    • Graphyne is reported to be synthesised for the first time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Long-hypothesized 'next generation wonder material' created for first time |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-long-hypothesized-material.html%7Cwork=University of Colorado Boulder|date=21 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hu |first1=Yiming |last2=Wu |first2=Chenyu |last3=Pan |first3=Qingyan |last4=Jin |first4=Yinghua |last5=Lyu |first5=Rui |last6=Martinez |first6=Vikina |last7=Huang |first7=Shaofeng |last8=Wu |first8=Jingyi |last9=Wayment |first9=Lacey J. |last10=Clark |first10=Noel A. |last11=Raschke |first11=Markus B. |last12=Zhao |first12=Yingjie |last13=Zhang |first13=Wei |title=Synthesis of γ-graphyne using dynamic covalent chemistry |journal=Nature Synthesis |date=June 2022 |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=449–454 |doi=10.1038/s44160-022-00068-7 |bibcode=2022NatSy...1..449H |s2cid=248686420 |language=en |issn=2731-0582}}</ref>
    • The WHO informs about the international 2022 monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385 |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> – an unprecedented number of cases detected outside of Africa<ref name="10.1038/d41586-022-01421-8">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kozlov |first1=Max |title=Monkeypox goes global: why scientists are on alert |journal=Nature |date=20 May 2022 |volume=606 |issue=7912 |pages=15–16 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01421-8|pmid=35595996 |bibcode=2022Natur.606...15K |s2cid=248947652 }}</ref> after the first of these cases was detected on 6 May.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON381 |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> On 24 May, the WHO states that the outbreak can be contained.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Rigby |first1=Jennifer |last2=Roy |first2=Mrinalika |title=WHO says monkeypox 'containable' as more govts start limited vaccinations |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/who-says-monkeypox-containable-convening-research-meeting-support-member-states-2022-05-24/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Reuters |date=24 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The main method used for the early containment is 'ring vaccination' – vaccinating close contacts of positive cases via existing vaccines.<ref name="10.1038/d41586-022-01421-8"/><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
  • 23 May
    • Researchers report that CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing has been used to boost vitamin D in tomatoes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Gene-edited tomatoes could soon be sold in England |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-61537610%7Cwork=BBC News|date=24 May 2022 |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title= Gene-edited tomatoes could be a new source of vitamin D |url=https://www.jic.ac.uk/press-release/gene-edited-tomatoes-could-be-a-new-source-of-vitamin-d/%7Cwork=John Innes Centre|date=23 May 2022 |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Li |first1=Jie |last2=Scarano |first2=Aurelia |last3=Gonzalez |first3=Nestor Mora |last4=D'Orso |first4=Fabio |last5=Yue |first5=Yajuan |last6=Nemeth |first6=Krisztian |last7=Saalbach |first7=Gerhard |last8=Hill |first8=Lionel |last9=de Oliveira Martins |first9=Carlo |last10=Moran |first10=Rolando |last11=Santino |first11=Angelo |last12=Martin |first12=Cathie |title=Biofortified tomatoes provide a new route to vitamin D sufficiency |journal=Nature Plants |date=June 2022 |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=611–616 |doi=10.1038/s41477-022-01154-6 |pmid=35606499 |pmc=9213236 |s2cid=249014331 |language=en |issn=2055-0278}}</ref>
    • A study shows why decarbonization must be accompanied by strategies to reduce the levels of short-lived climate pollutants with near-term effects for climate goals.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Sharp cut in methane now could help avoid worst of climate crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/23/sharp-cut-methane-climate-crisis-carbon-dioxide-global-heating |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=23 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dreyfus |first1=Gabrielle B. |last2=Xu |first2=Yangyang |last3=Shindell |first3=Drew T. |last4=Zaelke |first4=Durwood |last5=Ramanathan |first5=Veerabhadran |title=Mitigating climate disruption in time: A self-consistent approach for avoiding both near-term and long-term global warming |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=23 May 2022 |volume=119 |issue=22 |pages=e2123536119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2123536119 |pmid=35605122 |pmc=9295773 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11923536D |s2cid=249014617 |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>
  • 24 May
    • Scientists report the first 3D-printed lab-grown wood. It is unclear if it could ever be used on a commercial scale (e.g. with sufficient production efficiency and quality).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Brahambhatt |first1=Rupendra |title=Science Scientists can now grow wood in a lab without cutting a single tree |url=https://interestingengineering.com/lab-grown-wood |access-date=23 June 2022 |work=Interesting Engineering}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Beckwith |first1=Ashley L. |last2=Borenstein |first2=Jeffrey T. |last3=Velásquez-García |first3=Luis F. |title=Physical, mechanical, and microstructural characterization of novel, 3D-printed, tunable, lab-grown plant materials generated from Zinnia elegans cell cultures |journal=Materials Today |date=1 April 2022 |volume=54 |pages=27–41 |doi=10.1016/j.mattod.2022.02.012 |s2cid=247300299 |language=en |issn=1369-7021}}</ref>
    • A CDC study based on electronic health records shows that "one in five COVID-19 survivors aged 18–64 years and one in four survivors aged ≥65 years experienced at least one incident condition that might be attributable to previous COVID-19" or long COVID.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Belluck |first1=Pam |title=More than 1 in 5 adult Covid survivors in the U.S. may develop long Covid, a C.D.C. study suggests. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/24/health/long-covid-infections.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=25 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bull-Otterson |first1=Lara |title=Post–COVID Conditions Among Adult COVID-19 Survivors Aged 18–64 and ≥65 Years — United States, March 2020–November 2021 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=2022 |volume=71 |issue=21 |pages=713–717 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7121e1 |s2cid=249057133 |language=en-us |issn=0149-2195}}</ref> On 18 May, an analysis of private healthcare claims shows that of 78,252 patients diagnosed with 'long COVID', 75.8% had not been hospitalized for COVID-19.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Belluck |first1=Pam |title=Over 75 Percent of Long Covid Patients Were Not Hospitalized for Initial Illness, Study Finds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/18/health/long-covid-hospitalization.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=18 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Patients Diagnosed with Post-COVID Conditions – An Analysis of Private Healthcare Claims Using the Official ICD-10 Diagnostic Code |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/media2.fairhealth.org/whitepaper/asset/Patients%20Diagnosed%20with%20Post-COVID%20Conditions%20-%20A%20FAIR%20Health%20White%20Paper.pdf |access-date=24 June 2022 |publisher=FAIR Health, Inc.}}</ref>
  • 25 May – The world's smallest remote-controlled walking robot, measuring just half a millimetre wide, is demonstrated. Potential applications include the clearing of blocked arteries.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Tiny robotic crab is smallest-ever remote-controlled walking robot |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220525151741.htm%7Cwork=Northwestern University|date=25 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Han |first1=Mengdi |last2=Guo |first2=Xiaogang |last3=Chen |first3=Xuexian |last4=Liang |first4=Cunman |last5=Zhao |first5=Hangbo |last6=Zhang |first6=Qihui |last7=Bai |first7=Wubin |last8=Zhang |first8=Fan |last9=Wei |first9=Heming |last10=Wu |first10=Changsheng |last11=Cui |first11=Qinghong |last12=Yao |first12=Shenglian |last13=Sun |first13=Bohan |last14=Yang |first14=Yiyuan |last15=Yang |first15=Quansan |last16=Ma |first16=Yuhang |last17=Xue |first17=Zhaoguo |last18=Kwak |first18=Jean Won |last19=Jin |first19=Tianqi |last20=Tu |first20=Qing |last21=Song |first21=Enming |last22=Tian |first22=Ziao |last23=Mei |first23=Yongfeng |last24=Fang |first24=Daining |last25=Zhang |first25=Haixia |last26=Huang |first26=Yonggang |last27=Zhang |first27=Yihui |last28=Rogers |first28=John A. |title=Submillimeter-scale multimaterial terrestrial robots |journal=Science Robotics |date=25 May 2022 |volume=7 |issue=66 |pages=eabn0602 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abn0602 |pmid=35613299 |s2cid=249064902 |language=en |issn=2470-9476}}</ref>
  • 26 May – A climate change study reveals that storms in the Southern Hemisphere have already reached intensity levels previously predicted to occur only in the year 2080.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Harder Winters, Stronger Storms: New Data Reveals Climate Change Might Be More Rapid than Predicted |url=https://www.weizmann-usa.org/news-media/news-releases/harder-winters-stronger-storms-new-data-reveals-climate-change-might-be-more-rapid-than-predicted/%7Cwork=Weizmann Institute of Science|date=26 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chemke |first1=Rei |last2=Ming |first2=Yi |last3=Yuval |first3=Janni |title=The intensification of winter mid-latitude storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=June 2022 |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=553–557 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01368-8 |arxiv=2201.10413 |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..553C |s2cid=249069023 |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}</ref>
File:Frontier Supercomputer (2).jpg
30 May: Frontier is confirmed as the world's first exascale supercomputer.
  • 27 May
    • A new compact CRISPR gene editing tool better suited for therapeutic (temporary) RNA editing than Cas13 is reported, Cas7-11,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Williams |first1=Sarah |title=Neuroscientists expand CRISPR toolkit with new, compact Cas7-11 enzyme |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-05-neuroscientists-crispr-toolkit-compact-cas7-.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kato |first1=Kazuki |last2=Zhou |first2=Wenyuan |last3=Okazaki |first3=Sae |last4=Isayama |first4=Yukari |last5=Nishizawa |first5=Tomohiro |last6=Gootenberg |first6=Jonathan S. |last7=Abudayyeh |first7=Omar O. |last8=Nishimasu |first8=Hiroshi |title=Structure and engineering of the type III-E CRISPR-Cas7-11 effector complex |journal=Cell |date=May 2022 |volume=185 |issue=13 |pages=2324–2337.e16 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.003|pmid=35643083 |s2cid=249103058 }}</ref> – of which an early version was used for in vitro editing in 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Özcan |first1=Ahsen |last2=Krajeski |first2=Rohan |last3=Ioannidi |first3=Eleonora |last4=Lee |first4=Brennan |last5=Gardner |first5=Apolonia |last6=Makarova |first6=Kira S. |last7=Koonin |first7=Eugene V. |last8=Abudayyeh |first8=Omar O. |last9=Gootenberg |first9=Jonathan S. |title=Programmable RNA targeting with the single-protein CRISPR effector Cas7-11 |journal=Nature |date=September 2021 |volume=597 |issue=7878 |pages=720–725 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03886-5 |pmid=34489594 |bibcode=2021Natur.597..720O |s2cid=237432753 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
    • Science and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine:
      According to a news report academics in Russia are compiling or circulating a list of researchers who have supported Russia's invasion to prevent them from being elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Chawla |first1=Dalmeet Singh |title=Russian Academics Aim to Punish Colleagues Who Backed Ukraine Invasion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/27/science/russia-ukraine-science-academy.html |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=27 May 2022}}</ref> An editorial published in a journal notes that remote surgery and types of videoconferencing for sharing expertise (e.g. ad hoc assistance) have been and could be used to support doctors in Ukraine (3 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Best |first1=Jo |title=From Ukraine to remote robotics: how videoconferencing and next generation technology are transforming surgery |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/377/bmj.o1078 |journal=BMJ |access-date=24 June 2022 |pages=o1078 |language=en |doi=10.1136/bmj.o1078 |date=3 May 2022|volume=377 |pmid=35504650 |s2cid=248497139 }}</ref> A forum contribution analyzes Russian users' reactions to the Bucha massacre on social media – on nationalist Telegram channels (9 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Garner |first1=Ian |title="We've Got to Kill Them": Responses to Bucha on Russian Social Media Groups |journal=Journal of Genocide Research |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1080/14623528.2022.2074020 |date=9 May 2022|s2cid=248680376 }}</ref> The FAO estimates that "at least 20 percent of Ukraine's winter crops" "may not be harvested or planted" (13 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Ukraine: Humanitarian response update |url=https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc0120en |website=www.fao.org |access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref> A preprint estimates potential impacts of the EU embargoing fossil fuels from Russia, suggesting implementing such via a partial embargo with tariffs may be beneficial (25 May).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Carbon emissions and economic impact of EU's embargoing Russian fossil fuels |url=https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1683339/v1 |website=www.researchsquare.com |language=en |date=25 May 2022|doi=10.21203/rs.3.rs-1683339/v1 |last1=Liu |first1=Lijing |last2=Jiang |first2=Hong-Dian |last3=Liang |first3=Qiao-Mei |last4=Creutzig |first4=Felix |last5=Liao |first5=Hua |last6=Yao |first6=Yun-Fei |last7=Qian |first7=Xiang-Yan |last8=Ren |first8=Zhong-Yuan |last9=Qing |first9=Jing |last10=Cai |first10=Qiran |last11=Edenhofer |first11=Ottmar |last12=Wei |first12=Yi-Ming }}</ref>
  • 28 May – A new direct air capture system using isophorone diamine is demonstrated, able to remove carbon dioxide with 99% efficiency and more than twice as fast as existing systems.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Fastest carbon dioxide catcher heralds new age for direct air capture |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/953826%7Cwebsite=EurekAlert!%7Cdate=28 May 2022 |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kikkawa |first1=Soichi |last2=Amamoto |first2=Kazushi |last3=Fujiki |first3=Yu |last4=Hirayama |first4=Jun |last5=Kato |first5=Gen |last6=Miura |first6=Hiroki |last7=Shishido |first7=Tetsuya |last8=Yamazoe |first8=Seiji |title=Direct Air Capture of CO 2 Using a Liquid Amine–Solid Carbamic Acid Phase-Separation System Using Diamines Bearing an Aminocyclohexyl Group |journal=ACS Environmental Au |date=10 May 2022 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=354–362 |doi=10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00065 |pmid=37101968 |pmc=10125313 |s2cid=248703204 |language=en |issn=2694-2518}}</ref>
  • 30 May – Frontier is announced by Oak Ridge National Laboratory as the world's first exascale supercomputer.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Frontier supercomputer debuts as world's fastest, breaking exascale barrier |url=https://www.ornl.gov/news/frontier-supercomputer-debuts-worlds-fastest-breaking-exascale-barrier%7Cwebsite=Oak Ridge National Laboratory|date=30 May 2022 |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Wickedly Fast Frontier Supercomputer Officially Ushers in the Next Era of Computing |url=https://singularityhub.com/2022/05/30/age-of-exascale-wickedly-fast-frontier-supercomputer-ushers-in-the-next-era-of-computing/%7Cwebsite=Singularity Hub|date=30 May 2022 |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref>
  • 31 May – Success of record-long (3 days rather than usually <12 hours) of human transplant organ preservation with machine perfusion of a liver is reported. It could possibly be extended to 10 days and prevent substantial cell damage by low temperature preservation methods.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Transplant success: Liver survives out of body for days |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-61631042 |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=BBC News |date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Clavien |first1=Pierre-Alain |last2=Dutkowski |first2=Philipp |last3=Mueller |first3=Matteo |last4=Eshmuminov |first4=Dilmurodjon |last5=Bautista Borrego |first5=Lucia |last6=Weber |first6=Achim |last7=Muellhaupt |first7=Beat |last8=Sousa Da Silva |first8=Richard X. |last9=Burg |first9=Brian R. |last10=Rudolf von Rohr |first10=Philipp |last11=Schuler |first11=Martin J. |last12=Becker |first12=Dustin |last13=Hefti |first13=Max |last14=Tibbitt |first14=Mark W. |title=Transplantation of a human liver following 3 days of ex situ normothermic preservation |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=31 May 2022 |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=1610–1616 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01354-7 |pmid=35641829 |s2cid=249234907 |language=en |issn=1546-1696}}</ref> On the same day, a separate study reports new cryoprotectant solvents, tested with cells, that could preserve organs by the latter methods for much longer with substantially reduced damage.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New cryoprotectant chemicals could preserve organs without ice damage |url=https://newatlas.com/medical/organ-preservation-cryoprotectant-no-ice-damage/ |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=22 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bryant |first1=Saffron J. |last2=Awad |first2=Miyah N. |last3=Elbourne |first3=Aaron |last4=Christofferson |first4=Andrew J. |last5=Martin |first5=Andrew V. |last6=Meftahi |first6=Nastaran |last7=Drummond |first7=Calum J. |last8=Greaves |first8=Tamar L. |last9=Bryant |first9=Gary |title=Deep eutectic solvents as cryoprotective agents for mammalian cells |journal=Journal of Materials Chemistry B |date=22 June 2022 |volume=10 |issue=24 |pages=4546–4560 |doi=10.1039/D2TB00573E |pmid=35670530 |language=en |issn=2050-7518}}</ref>

June[edit]

File:Hematopoiesis simple.svg
1 June: A study substantiates a novel theory of ageing – clonal diversity loss of hematopoietic stem cells – which could enable healthy aging.
File:Carbon Dioxide 800kyr.svg
3 June: The global Template:CO2 level exceeds the milestone of being 50% greater than in the pre-industrial era
  • 1 June – A study shows the clonal diversity of stem cells that produce blood cells gets drastically reduced around age 70 Template:Tooltip, substantiating a novel theory of ageing which could enable healthy aging.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Research may reveal why people can suddenly become frail in their 70s |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/jun/01/research-may-reveal-why-people-can-suddenly-become-frail-in-their-70s |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=1 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mitchell |first1=Emily |last2=Spencer Chapman |first2=Michael |last3=Williams |first3=Nicholas |last4=Dawson |first4=Kevin J. |last5=Mende |first5=Nicole |last6=Calderbank |first6=Emily F. |last7=Jung |first7=Hyunchul |last8=Mitchell |first8=Thomas |last9=Coorens |first9=Tim H. H. |last10=Spencer |first10=David H. |last11=Machado |first11=Heather |last12=Lee-Six |first12=Henry |last13=Davies |first13=Megan |last14=Hayler |first14=Daniel |last15=Fabre |first15=Margarete A. |last16=Mahbubani |first16=Krishnaa |last17=Abascal |first17=Federico |last18=Cagan |first18=Alex |last19=Vassiliou |first19=George S. |last20=Baxter |first20=Joanna |last21=Martincorena |first21=Inigo |last22=Stratton |first22=Michael R. |last23=Kent |first23=David G. |last24=Chatterjee |first24=Krishna |last25=Parsy |first25=Kourosh Saeb |last26=Green |first26=Anthony R. |last27=Nangalia |first27=Jyoti |last28=Laurenti |first28=Elisa |last29=Campbell |first29=Peter J. |title=Clonal dynamics of haematopoiesis across the human lifespan |journal=Nature |date=June 2022 |volume=606 |issue=7913 |pages=343–350 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04786-y |pmid=35650442 |pmc=9177428 |bibcode=2022Natur.606..343M |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
  • 2 June – First success of a clinical trial for a 3D bioprinted transplant, an external ear to treat microtia,<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=A Multicenter, Single Arm, Prospective, Open-Label, Staged Study of the Safety and Efficacy of the AuriNovo Construct for Auricular Reconstruction in Subjects With Unilateral Microtia |url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04399239 |publisher=clinicaltrials.gov |access-date=19 July 2022 |date=15 October 2021}}</ref> that is made from the patient's own cells is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Rabin |first1=Roni Caryn |title=Doctors Transplant Ear of Human Cells, Made by 3-D Printer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/02/health/ear-transplant-3d-printer.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=19 July 2022 |date=2 June 2022}}</ref>
  • 3 June – The NOAA reports that the global concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is now 50% greater than in pre-industrial times, and is likely at a level last seen 4.1 to 4.5 million years ago, at 421 parts per million (ppm).<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Carbon dioxide now more than 50% higher than pre-industrial levels |url=https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/carbon-dioxide-now-more-than-50-higher-than-pre-industrial-levels%7Cwebsite=NOAA%7Cdate=3 June 2022 |access-date=5 June 2022}}</ref>
  • 5 June – Progress in the treatment of cancer:
    A very small trial shows complete remission of a type of colorectal cancer without surgery and radiation in all 12 patients.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Osborne |first1=Margaret |title=Small Cancer Trial Resulted in Complete Remission for All Participants |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/small-cancer-trial-resulted-in-complete-remission-for-all-participants-180980221/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cercek |first1=Andrea |last2=Lumish |first2=Melissa |last3=Sinopoli |first3=Jenna |last4=Weiss |first4=Jill |last5=Shia |first5=Jinru |last6=Lamendola-Essel |first6=Michelle |last7=El Dika |first7=Imane H. |last8=Segal |first8=Neil |last9=Shcherba |first9=Marina |last10=Sugarman |first10=Ryan |last11=Stadler |first11=Zsofia |last12=Yaeger |first12=Rona |last13=Smith |first13=J. Joshua |last14=Rousseau |first14=Benoit |last15=Argiles |first15=Guillem |last16=Patel |first16=Miteshkumar |last17=Desai |first17=Avni |last18=Saltz |first18=Leonard B. |last19=Widmar |first19=Maria |last20=Iyer |first20=Krishna |last21=Zhang |first21=Janie |last22=Gianino |first22=Nicole |last23=Crane |first23=Christopher |last24=Romesser |first24=Paul B. |last25=Pappou |first25=Emmanouil P. |last26=Paty |first26=Philip |last27=Garcia-Aguilar |first27=Julio |last28=Gonen |first28=Mithat |last29=Gollub |first29=Marc |last30=Weiser |first30=Martin R. |last31=Schalper |first31=Kurt A. |last32=Diaz |first32=Luis A. |title=PD-1 Blockade in Mismatch Repair–Deficient, Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=23 June 2022 |volume=386 |issue=25 |pages=2363–2376 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2201445 |pmid=35660797 |pmc=9492301 |s2cid=249395846 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref> On the same day, results of a trial show that trastuzumab deruxtecan therapy for HER2-low metastatic breast cancer exceeded results from chemotherapy.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Leads to Longer PFS and OS Compared with Chemotherapy in Previously Treated HER2-Low Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer |url=https://www.esmo.org/oncology-news/trastuzumab-deruxtecan-leads-to-longer-pfs-and-os-compared-with-chemotherapy-in-previously-treated-her2-low-unresectable-or-metastatic-breast-cancer |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=www.esmo.org}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Modi |first1=Shanu |last2=Jacot |first2=William |last3=Yamashita |first3=Toshinari |last4=Sohn |first4=Joohyuk |last5=Vidal |first5=Maria |last6=Tokunaga |first6=Eriko |last7=Tsurutani |first7=Junji |last8=Ueno |first8=Naoto T. |last9=Prat |first9=Aleix |last10=Chae |first10=Yee Soo |last11=Lee |first11=Keun Seok |last12=Niikura |first12=Naoki |last13=Park |first13=Yeon Hee |last14=Xu |first14=Binghe |last15=Wang |first15=Xiaojia |last16=Gil-Gil |first16=Miguel |last17=Li |first17=Wei |last18=Pierga |first18=Jean-Yves |last19=Im |first19=Seock-Ah |last20=Moore |first20=Halle C. F. |last21=Rugo |first21=Hope S. |last22=Yerushalmi |first22=Rinat |last23=Zagouri |first23=Flora |last24=Gombos |first24=Andrea |last25=Kim |first25=Sung-Bae |last26=Liu |first26=Qiang |last27=Luo |first27=Ting |last28=Saura |first28=Cristina |last29=Schmid |first29=Peter |last30=Sun |first30=Tao |last31=Gambhire |first31=Dhiraj |last32=Yung |first32=Lotus |last33=Wang |first33=Yibin |last34=Singh |first34=Jasmeet |last35=Vitazka |first35=Patrik |last36=Meinhardt |first36=Gerold |last37=Harbeck |first37=Nadia |last38=Cameron |first38=David A. |title=Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Previously Treated HER2-Low Advanced Breast Cancer |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=5 June 2022 |volume=387 |issue=1 |pages=9–20 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2203690 |pmid=35665782 |hdl=2445/197309 |s2cid=249418284 |url=https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/4095995e-3067-46c9-875a-a70cdb641427 |language=en}}</ref> The synthesis of ERX-41, a novel compound that has shown promise in eliminating cancer cells, is reported (2 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Targeting LIPA independent of its lipase activity is a therapeutic strategy in solid tumors via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress|journal=Nature| date=2 June 2022|pages=866–884 |doi=10.1038/s43018-022-00389-8|pmid=35654861 |s2cid=249312892 |last1=Liu |first1=Xihui |last2=Viswanadhapalli |first2=Suryavathi |last3=Kumar |first3=Shourya |last4=Lee |first4=Tae-Kyung |last5=Moore |first5=Andrew |last6=Ma |first6=Shihong |last7=Chen |first7=Liping |last8=Hsieh |first8=Michael |last9=Li |first9=Mengxing |last10=Sareddy |first10=Gangadhara R. |last11=Parra |first11=Karla |last12=Blatt |first12=Eliot B. |last13=Reese |first13=Tanner C. |last14=Zhao |first14=Yuting |last15=Chang |first15=Annabel |last16=Yan |first16=Hui |last17=Xu |first17=Zhenming |last18=Pratap |first18=Uday P. |last19=Liu |first19=Zexuan |last20=Roggero |first20=Carlos M. |last21=Tan |first21=Zhenqiu |last22=Weintraub |first22=Susan T. |last23=Peng |first23=Yan |last24=Tekmal |first24=Rajeshwar R. |last25=Arteaga |first25=Carlos L. |last26=Lippincott-Schwartz |first26=Jennifer |last27=Vadlamudi |first27=Ratna K. |last28=Ahn |first28=Jung-Mo |last29=Raj |first29=Ganesh V. |volume=3 |issue=7 |pmc=9325671 }}</ref> Researchers describe a new light-activated 'photoimmunotherapy' for brain cancer in vitro. They believe it could join surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy as a fifth major form of cancer treatment (16 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/jun/17/scientists-harness-light-therapy-to-target-and-kill-cancer-cells-in-world-first |title=Scientists harness light therapy to target and kill cancer cells in world first |work=The Guardian| date=17 June 2022| access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mączyńska |first1=Justyna |last2=Raes |first2=Florian |last3=Da Pieve |first3=Chiara |last4=Turnock |first4=Stephen |last5=Boult |first5=Jessica K. R. |last6=Hoebart |first6=Julia |last7=Niedbala |first7=Marcin |last8=Robinson |first8=Simon P. |last9=Harrington |first9=Kevin J. |last10=Kaspera |first10=Wojciech |last11=Kramer-Marek |first11=Gabriela |title=Triggering anti-GBM immune response with EGFR-mediated photoimmunotherapy |journal=BMC Medicine |date=21 January 2022 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=16 |doi=10.1186/s12916-021-02213-z |pmid=35057796 |pmc=8780306 |issn=1741-7015}}
  • News release: {{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.icr.ac.uk/news-archive/light-activated-photoimmunotherapy-could-enhance-brain-cancer-treatment |title=Light-activated 'photoimmunotherapy' could enhance brain cancer treatment |work=Institute of Cancer Research| date=16 June 2022| access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref>
  • 6 June – Cats are added to the list of animals that can get SARS-CoV-2 and spread it back to humans, albeit the transmission is considered uncommon<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Mallapaty |first1=Smriti |title=First reported case of a person getting COVID from a cat |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01792-y |access-date=19 July 2022 |journal=Nature |date=29 June 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01792-y}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sila |first1=Thanit |last2=Sunghan |first2=Jutapoln |last3=Laochareonsuk |first3=Wison |last4=Surasombatpattana |first4=Smonrapat |last5=Kongkamol |first5=Chanon |last6=Ingviya |first6=Thammasin |last7=Siripaitoon |first7=Pisud |last8=Kositpantawong |first8=Narongdet |last9=Kanchanasuwan |first9=Siripen |last10=Hortiwakul |first10=Thanaporn |last11=Charernmak |first11=Boonsri |last12=Nwabor |first12=Ozioma Forstinus |last13=Silpapojakul |first13=Kachornsakdi |last14=Chusri |first14=Sarunyou |title=Suspected Cat-to-Human Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Thailand, July–September 2021 |volume=28 |number=7 |date=July 2022 |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |pages=1485–1488 |doi=10.3201/eid2807.212605 |pmid=35666777 |pmc=9239874 |s2cid=249434258 |language=en-us}}</ref> and not to be a source of variants of concern since the August 2021 detection.
File:Monkeypox cumulative-cases linear-plot.svg
24 June: Early 2022 monkeypox outbreak research finds the "presumably slow-evolving" DNA virus has evolved roughly 6–12-fold more mutations than one would expect.
File:New rocket body impact double crater on the Moon.png
24 June: NASA publishes images showing an unexpected double crater from what is thought to be the first time human space debris – likely by a spent rocket body – unintentionally hit the lunar surface on 4 March.
  • 8 June
    • Observation of the Template:Vanchor, a Higgs boson-like excitation in a charge density wave material, is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Axial Higgs mode spotted in materials at room temperature |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/axial-higgs-mode-spotted-in-materials-at-room-temperature/ |access-date=23 July 2022 |work=Physics World |date=4 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Yiping |last2=Petrides |first2=Ioannis |last3=McNamara |first3=Grant |last4=Hosen |first4=Md Mofazzel |last5=Lei |first5=Shiming |last6=Wu |first6=Yueh-Chun |last7=Hart |first7=James L. |last8=Lv |first8=Hongyan |last9=Yan |first9=Jun |last10=Xiao |first10=Di |last11=Cha |first11=Judy J. |date=2022-06-08 |title=Axial Higgs mode detected by quantum pathway interference in RTe3 |journal=Nature |volume=606 |issue=7916 |language=en |pages=896–901 |arxiv=2112.02454 |bibcode=2022Natur.606..896W |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04746-6 |pmid=35676485 |s2cid=244908655 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> It was incorrectly reported in some press releases as a dark matter particle.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||author1=Peter Woit |title=Physicists Discover Never-Before Seen Particle Sitting On a Tabletop |url=https://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=12936 |website=Not Even Wrong |access-date=9 June 2022 |date=9 June 2022}}</ref>
    • Scientists provide an overview of the capabilities of missions and observatories for detecting various alien technosignatures.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Axe |first1=David |title=The Alien Hunter's Playbook Is Getting a Cutting-Edge Rewrite |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/scientists-are-rewriting-the-alien-hunting-playbook-to-redefine-signs-of-life |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=The Daily Beast |date=11 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Haqq-Misra |first1=Jacob |last2=Schwieterman |first2=Edward W. |last3=Socas-Navarro |first3=Hector |last4=Kopparapu |first4=Ravi |last5=Angerhausen |first5=Daniel |last6=Beatty |first6=Thomas G. |last7=Berdyugina |first7=Svetlana |last8=Felton |first8=Ryan |last9=Sharma |first9=Siddhant |last10=De la Torre |first10=Gabriel G. |last11=Apai |first11=Dániel |title=Searching for technosignatures in exoplanetary systems with current and future missions |journal=Acta Astronautica |date=1 September 2022 |volume=198 |pages=194–207 |doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.05.040 |arxiv=2206.00030 |bibcode=2022AcAau.198..194H |s2cid=249240495 |language=en |issn=0094-5765}}</ref>
  • 9 June
    • A study estimates the air pollution impacts on climate change and the ozone layer from rocket launches and re-entry of reusable components and debris in 2019 and from a theoretical future space industry extrapolated from the "billionaire space race". It concludes that substantial effects from routine space tourism should "motivate regulation".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Space tourism from companies like SpaceX, Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin could undo work to repair ozone layer, study finds |url=https://news.sky.com/story/space-tourism-from-companies-like-spacex-virgin-galactic-and-blue-origin-could-undo-work-to-repair-ozone-layer-study-finds-12640296 |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=Sky News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ryan |first1=Robert G. |last2=Marais |first2=Eloise A. |last3=Balhatchet |first3=Chloe J. |last4=Eastham |first4=Sebastian D. |title=Impact of Rocket Launch and Space Debris Air Pollutant Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate |journal=Earth's Future |date=June 2022 |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=e2021EF002612 |doi=10.1029/2021EF002612 |pmid=35865359 |pmc=9287058 |bibcode=2022EaFut..1002612R |language=en |issn=2328-4277}}</ref>
    • Researchers report a robotic finger covered in a type of manufactured living human skin.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists grew living human skin around a robotic finger |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/robotic-finger-human-skin-self-healing |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=Science News |date=9 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kawai |first1=Michio |last2=Nie |first2=Minghao |last3=Oda |first3=Haruka |last4=Morimoto |first4=Yuya |last5=Takeuchi |first5=Shoji |title=Living skin on a robot |journal=Matter |date=6 July 2022 |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=2190–2208 |doi=10.1016/j.matt.2022.05.019 |language=English |issn=2590-2393}}</ref> Researchers demonstrate an electronic skin giving biological skin-like haptic sensations and touch/pain-sensitivity to a robotic hand (1 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Liu |first1=Fengyuan |last2=Deswal |first2=Sweety |last3=Christou |first3=Adamos |last4=Shojaei Baghini |first4=Mahdieh |last5=Chirila |first5=Radu |last6=Shakthivel |first6=Dhayalan |last7=Chakraborty |first7=Moupali |last8=Dahiya |first8=Ravinder |title=Printed synaptic transistor–based electronic skin for robots to feel and learn |journal=Science Robotics |date=June 2022 |volume=7 |issue=67 |pages=eabl7286 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abl7286 |pmid=35648845 |s2cid=249275626 |url-access=subscription |language=en |issn=2470-9476|url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/270490/1/270490.pdf }}</ref> A system of an electronic skin and a human-machine interface is reported that can enable remote sensed tactile perception, and wearable or robotic sensing of many hazardous substances and pathogens (1 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Yu |first1=You |last2=Li |first2=Jiahong |last3=Solomon |first3=Samuel A. |last4=Min |first4=Jihong |last5=Tu |first5=Jiaobing |last6=Guo |first6=Wei |last7=Xu |first7=Changhao |last8=Song |first8=Yu |last9=Gao |first9=Wei |title=All-printed soft human-machine interface for robotic physicochemical sensing |journal=Science Robotics |date=June 1, 2022 |volume=7 |issue=67 |pages=eabn0495 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abn0495 |pmid=35648844 |pmc=9302713 |language=en |issn=2470-9476 }}</ref> A multilayer tactile sensor hydrogel-based robot skin is demonstrated (8 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Park |first1=K. |last2=Yuk |first2=H. |last3=Yang |first3=M. |last4=Cho |first4=J. |last5=Lee |first5=H. |last6=Kim |first6=J. |title=A biomimetic elastomeric robot skin using electrical impedance and acoustic tomography for tactile sensing |journal=Science Robotics |date=8 June 2022 |volume=7 |issue=67 |pages=eabm7187 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abm7187 |pmid=35675452 |s2cid=249520303 |language=en |issn=2470-9476}}</ref>
  • 10 June – The core of the globular cluster NGC 3201 is shown to harbor a sub-cluster of nearly a hundred black holes. The same study also confirms that the globular cluster NGC 6397 has ejected most of its original black hole population, and its inner mass excess is composed by hundreds of massive white dwarfs.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||date=10 June 2022|title=Chasser des trous noirs dans un cimetière d'étoiles | url=https://www.insu.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/chasser-des-trous-noirs-dans-un-cimetiere-detoiles}}</ref><ref name="Vitral+22">Template:Citation</ref>
  • 13 June – Science and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine:
    Groups of academics report how global science community could help Ukraine via an action plan, including for helping organizing (re)vitalization of Ukrainian science and reconstruction in the future.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Duszyński |first1=Jerzy |last2=McNutt |first2=Marcia |last3=Zagorodny |first3=Anatoly |title=A future for Ukrainian science |journal=Science |date=17 June 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6599 |pages=1249 |doi=10.1126/science.add4088 |pmid=35695734 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1249D |s2cid=249623002 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> On the same day, a researcher outlined a number of possible major policy-based actions that could mitigate the energy and resource crises caused or exacerbated by the war.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Creutzig |first1=Felix |title=Fuel crisis: slash demand in three sectors to protect economies and climate |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01616-z |journal=Nature |access-date=22 July 2022 |pages=460–462 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01616-z |date=June 2022|volume=606 |issue=7914 |pmid=35764814 |bibcode=2022Natur.606..460C |s2cid=250114272 }}</ref> Russian space agency Roscosmos announces the intent to, unilaterally and hazardously, take over paused telescope eROSITA, launched in collaboration with Germany (4 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Russia plans to restart German telescope without permission|date=2022-06-04|url=https://www.dw.com/en/russia-plans-to-restart-german-telescope-without-permission/a-62033082 |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> A science journalist outlines some of the food system-related environmental impacts of the war (21 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Russia's invasion could cause long-term harm to Ukraine's prized soil |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ukraine-russia-war-soil-agriculture-crops |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=Science News |date=21 June 2022}}</ref> A study reports a number of humanitarian, economic, and financial impacts of the war (23 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Astrov |first1=Vasily |last2=Ghodsi |first2=Mahdi |last3=Grieveson |first3=Richard |last4=Holzner |first4=Mario |last5=Kochnev |first5=Artem |last6=Landesmann |first6=Michael |last7=Pindyuk |first7=Olga |last8=Stehrer |first8=Robert |last9=Tverdostup |first9=Maryna |last10=Bykova |first10=Alexandra |title=Russia's invasion of Ukraine: assessment of the humanitarian, economic, and financial impact in the short and medium term |journal=International Economics and Economic Policy |date=1 May 2022 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=331–381 |doi=10.1007/s10368-022-00546-5 |s2cid=249987393 |language=en |issn=1612-4812}}</ref>
  • 15 June
    • Astronomers identify J1144 as the fastest-growing black hole of the last nine billion years, consuming matter equivalent to one Earth every second, as well as being the most luminous quasi-stellar object of that period.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/scientists-discover-rapidly-growing-black-hole |title=Scientists discover rapidly growing black hole |work=Australian National University| date=15 June 2022| access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://phys.org/news/2022-06-luminous-quasar-astronomers.html |title=New luminous quasar detected by astronomers |work=Phys.org| date=16 June 2022| access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
    • Researchers report Lac-Phe as the most significantly induced circulating metabolite in two animal models of exercise which – including via chronic administration – reduces food intake and suppresses obesity.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Appetite-suppressing molecule helps obese mice lose weight |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2324591-appetite-suppressing-molecule-helps-obese-mice-lose-weight/ |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Li |first1=Veronica L. |last2=He |first2=Yang |last3=Contrepois |first3=Kévin |last4=Liu |first4=Hailan |last5=Kim |first5=Joon T. |last6=Wiggenhorn |first6=Amanda L. |last7=Tanzo |first7=Julia T. |last8=Tung |first8=Alan Sheng-Hwa |last9=Lyu |first9=Xuchao |last10=Zushin |first10=Peter-James H. |last11=Jansen |first11=Robert S. |last12=Michael |first12=Basil |last13=Loh |first13=Kang Yong |last14=Yang |first14=Andrew C. |last15=Carl |first15=Christian S. |last16=Voldstedlund |first16=Christian T. |last17=Wei |first17=Wei |last18=Terrell |first18=Stephanie M. |last19=Moeller |first19=Benjamin C. |last20=Arthur |first20=Rick M. |last21=Wallis |first21=Gareth A. |last22=van de Wetering |first22=Koen |last23=Stahl |first23=Andreas |last24=Kiens |first24=Bente |last25=Richter |first25=Erik A. |last26=Banik |first26=Steven M. |last27=Snyder |first27=Michael P. |last28=Xu |first28=Yong |last29=Long |first29=Jonathan Z. |title=An exercise-inducible metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity |journal=Nature |date=June 2022 |volume=606 |issue=7915 |pages=785–790 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04828-5 |pmid=35705806 |pmc=9767481 |bibcode=2022Natur.606..785L |s2cid=249710767 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
  • 20 June
    • A study suggests global food miles Template:CO2 emissions are 3.5–7.5 times higher than previously estimated, with transport accounting for about 19% of total food-system emissions,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate impact of food miles three times greater than previously believed, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jun/21/climate-impact-of-food-miles-three-times-greater-than-previously-believed-study-finds |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=20 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Li |first1=Mengyu |last2=Jia |first2=Nanfei |last3=Lenzen |first3=Manfred |last4=Malik |first4=Arunima |last5=Wei |first5=Liyuan |last6=Jin |first6=Yutong |last7=Raubenheimer |first7=David |title=Global food-miles account for nearly 20% of total food-systems emissions |journal=Nature Food |date=June 2022 |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=445–453 |doi=10.1038/s43016-022-00531-w |pmid=37118044 |s2cid=249916086 |language=en |issn=2662-1355}}</ref> albeit shifting towards plant-based diets remains substantially more important.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How much do food miles matter and should you buy local produce? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2325164-how-much-do-food-miles-matter-and-should-you-buy-local-produce/ |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref>
    • Researchers demonstrate a MRI-ML-based approach that can diagnose early Alzheimer's disease Template:Tooltip and may help identify unknown related changes in the brain.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Single MRI scan of the brain could detect Alzheimer's disease |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/single-mri-scan-of-the-brain-could-detect-alzheimers-disease/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=Physics World |date=13 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Inglese |first1=Marianna |last2=Patel |first2=Neva |last3=Linton-Reid |first3=Kristofer |last4=Loreto |first4=Flavia |last5=Win |first5=Zarni |last6=Perry |first6=Richard J. |last7=Carswell |first7=Christopher |last8=Grech-Sollars |first8=Matthew |last9=Crum |first9=William R. |last10=Lu |first10=Haonan |last11=Malhotra |first11=Paresh A. |last12=Aboagye |first12=Eric O. |title=A predictive model using the mesoscopic architecture of the living brain to detect Alzheimer's disease |journal=Communications Medicine |date=20 June 2022 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=70 |doi=10.1038/s43856-022-00133-4 |pmid=35759330 |pmc=9209493 |language=en |issn=2730-664X}}</ref>
  • 21 June – The inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in mid to later life is linked to a near-doubling in the risk of death from any cause within the next 10 years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2022/june/tne-second-one-legged-stance.html |title=Inability to stand on one leg in mid to later life linked to higher risk of death |work=University of Bristol| date=21 June 2022| access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Araujo |first1=Claudio Gil |last2=Silva |first2=Christina Grüne de Souza e |last3=Laukkanen |first3=Jari Antero |last4=Singh |first4=Maria Fiatarone |last5=Kunutsor |first5=Setor Kwadzo |last6=Myers |first6=Jonathan |last7=Franca |first7=João Felipe |last8=Castro |first8=Claudia Lucia |title=Successful 10-second one-legged stance performance predicts survival in middle-aged and older individuals |journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine |date=15 May 2022 |volume=56 |issue=17 |pages=975–980 |doi=10.1136/bjsports-2021-105360 |pmid=35728834 |s2cid=249923034 |language=en |issn=0306-3674}}</ref>
  • 22 June
    • A study concludes that the spread of breast cancer accelerates during sleep.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Breast cancer is more likely to spread during sleep |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2325638-breast-cancer-is-more-likely-to-spread-during-sleep/ |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Diamantopoulou |first1=Zoi |last2=Castro-Giner |first2=Francesc |last3=Schwab |first3=Fabienne Dominique |last4=Foerster |first4=Christiane |last5=Saini |first5=Massimo |last6=Budinjas |first6=Selina |last7=Strittmatter |first7=Karin |last8=Krol |first8=Ilona |last9=Seifert |first9=Bettina |last10=Heinzelmann-Schwarz |first10=Viola |last11=Kurzeder |first11=Christian |last12=Rochlitz |first12=Christoph |last13=Vetter |first13=Marcus |last14=Weber |first14=Walter Paul |last15=Aceto |first15=Nicola |title=The metastatic spread of breast cancer accelerates during sleep |journal=Nature |date=July 2022 |volume=607 |issue=7917 |pages=156–162 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04875-y |pmid=35732738 |bibcode=2022Natur.607..156D |hdl=20.500.11850/555910 |s2cid=249955439 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
    • Agilicious, an open-source and open-hardware versatile standardized quadrotor drone, currently tailored toward agility, is released.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Foehn |first1=Philipp |last2=Kaufmann |first2=Elia |last3=Romero |first3=Angel |last4=Penicka |first4=Robert |last5=Sun |first5=Sihao |last6=Bauersfeld |first6=Leonard |last7=Laengle |first7=Thomas |last8=Cioffi |first8=Giovanni |last9=Song |first9=Yunlong |last10=Loquercio |first10=Antonio |last11=Scaramuzza |first11=Davide |title=Agilicious: Open-source and open-hardware agile quadrotor for vision-based flight |journal=Science Robotics |date=22 June 2022 |volume=7 |issue=67 |pages=eabl6259 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abl6259 |pmid=35731886 |s2cid=249955269 |language=en |issn=2470-9476}}</ref>
    • The world's first quantum computer integrated circuit is demonstrated.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.sciencealert.com/a-huge-step-forward-in-quantum-computing-was-just-announced-the-first-ever-quantum-circuit |title=A Huge Step Forward in Quantum Computing Was Just Announced: The First-Ever Quantum Circuit |work=Science Alert | date=22 June 2022| access-date=23 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kiczynski |first1=M. |last2=Gorman |first2=S. K. |last3=Geng |first3=H. |last4=Donnelly |first4=M. B. |last5=Chung |first5=Y. |last6=He |first6=Y. |last7=Keizer |first7=J. G. |last8=Simmons |first8=M. Y. |title=Engineering topological states in atom-based semiconductor quantum dots |journal=Nature |date=June 2022 |volume=606 |issue=7915 |pages=694–699 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04706-0 |pmid=35732762 |pmc=9217742 |bibcode=2022Natur.606..694K |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
  • Press release: {{#invoke:cite web || url=https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science-tech/unsw-quantum-scientists-deliver-world%E2%80%99s-first-integrated-circuit-atomic-scale |title=UNSW quantum scientists deliver world's first integrated circuit at the atomic scale |work=University of New South Wales | date=23 June 2022| access-date=23 June 2022}}</ref>
  • 23 June
    • The largest known bacterium, and an organism that has encapsulated DNA despite being identified as a prokaryote and not an eukaryote, Template:Tooltip, T. magnifica is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Largest known bacteria in the world are visible to the naked eye |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2325909-largest-known-bacteria-in-the-world-are-visible-to-the-naked-eye/ |access-date=28 July 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Volland |first1=Jean-Marie |last2=Gonzalez-Rizzo |first2=Silvina |last3=Gros |first3=Olivier |last4=Tyml |first4=Tomáš |last5=Ivanova |first5=Natalia |last6=Schulz |first6=Frederik |last7=Goudeau |first7=Danielle |last8=Elisabeth |first8=Nathalie H. |last9=Nath |first9=Nandita |last10=Udwary |first10=Daniel |last11=Malmstrom |first11=Rex R. |last12=Guidi-Rontani |first12=Chantal |last13=Bolte-Kluge |first13=Susanne |last14=Davies |first14=Karen M. |last15=Jean |first15=Maïtena R. |last16=Mansot |first16=Jean-Louis |last17=Mouncey |first17=Nigel J. |last18=Angert |first18=Esther R. |last19=Woyke |first19=Tanja |last20=Date |first20=Shailesh V. |title=A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA contained in metabolically active, membrane-bound organelles |journal=Science |date=24 June 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6600 |pages=1453–1458 |doi=10.1126/science.abb3634 |pmid=35737788 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1453V |s2cid=249990020 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
    • A review shows prevalence of long COVID conditions – like mood symptoms, fatigue and sleep disorders – in people age 0–18 years appears to be at ~25% overall.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The prevalence of long-COVID in children and adolescents |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220627/The-prevalence-of-long-COVID-in-children-and-adolescents.aspx |access-date=15 July 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=27 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lopez-Leon |first1=Sandra |last2=Wegman-Ostrosky |first2=Talia |last3=Ayuzo del Valle |first3=Norma Cipatli |last4=Perelman |first4=Carol |last5=Sepulveda |first5=Rosalinda |last6=Rebolledo |first6=Paulina A. |last7=Cuapio |first7=Angelica |last8=Villapol |first8=Sonia |title=Long-COVID in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses |journal=Scientific Reports |date=23 June 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=9950 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-13495-5 |pmid=35739136 |pmc=9226045 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12.9950L |language=en |issn=2045-2322}}</ref>
    • Two studies about aging-related characteristics of long-lived animals like turtles are published, identifying potentially causal protective traits and suggesting many of the species have "slow or negligible senescence" (or aging).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Some turtles that live longer have a lower chance of dying each year |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2325563-some-turtles-that-live-longer-have-a-lower-chance-of-dying-each-year/ |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Reinke |first1=Beth A. |last2=Cayuela |first2=Hugo |last3=Janzen |first3=Fredric J. |display-authors=et al. |title=Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity |journal=Science |date=24 June 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6600 |pages=1459–1466 |doi=10.1126/science.abm0151 |pmid=35737773 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1459R |s2cid=249990458 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/95536/1/Richard%20Griffiths%20-%20Reinke%20et%20al%202022%20Science.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=da Silva |first1=Rita |last2=Conde |first2=Dalia A. |last3=Baudisch |first3=Annette |last4=Colchero |first4=Fernando |title=Slow and negligible senescence among testudines challenges evolutionary theories of senescence |journal=Science |date=24 June 2022 |volume=376 |issue=6600 |pages=1466–1470 |doi=10.1126/science.abl7811 |pmid=35737795 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1466D |s2cid=249989852 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
    • Researchers report the controlled growth of diverse foods in the dark Template:Tooltip as a potential way to increase energy efficiency of food production and reduce its environmental impacts.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hann |first1=Elizabeth C. |last2=Overa |first2=Sean |last3=Harland-Dunaway |first3=Marcus |last4=Narvaez |first4=Andrés F. |last5=Le |first5=Dang N. |last6=Orozco-Cárdenas |first6=Martha L. |last7=Jiao |first7=Feng |last8=Jinkerson |first8=Robert E. |title=A hybrid inorganic–biological artificial photosynthesis system for energy-efficient food production |journal=Nature Food |date=June 2022 |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=461–471 |doi=10.1038/s43016-022-00530-x |pmid=37118051 |s2cid=250004816 |language=en |issn=2662-1355}}</ref>
  • 24 June
    • NASA publishes images showing an unexpected and unexplained double crater from what is thought to be the first time human space debris – likely by a spent rocket body – unintentionally hit the lunar surface on 4 March.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Strickland |first1=Ashley |last2=Hunt |first2=Katie |title=New double crater seen on the moon after mystery rocket impact |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/06/27/world/rocket-moon-impact-crater-scn/index.html |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Garner |first1=Rob |title=Rocket Impact Site on Moon Seen by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasas-lunar-reconnaissance-orbiter-spots-rocket-impact-site-on-moon |website=NASA |access-date=13 July 2022 |date=23 June 2022}}</ref>
    • Early 2022 monkeypox outbreak research:
      A study reports phylogenomic characterization of the first monkeypox (MP) virus outbreak genome sequences, finding the "presumably slow-evolving" DNA virus has evolved roughly 6–12-fold more mutations than one would expect and 15 SNP mutations since the beginning of the outbreak.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox mutating 12 times faster than expected as daily UK cases 'could hit 60,000' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/monkeypox-virus-uk-cases-mutating-b2111814.html |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=The Independent |date=29 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mpxwho"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Isidro |first1=Joana |last2=Borges |first2=Vítor |last3=Pinto |first3=Miguel |last4=Sobral |first4=Daniel |last5=Santos |first5=João Dourado |last6=Nunes |first6=Alexandra |last7=Mixão |first7=Verónica |last8=Ferreira |first8=Rita |last9=Santos |first9=Daniela |last10=Duarte |first10=Silvia |last11=Vieira |first11=Luís |last12=Borrego |first12=Maria José |last13=Núncio |first13=Sofia |last14=de Carvalho |first14=Isabel Lopes |last15=Pelerito |first15=Ana |last16=Cordeiro |first16=Rita |last17=Gomes |first17=João Paulo |title=Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus |journal=Nature Medicine |date=24 June 2022 |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=1569–1572 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-01907-y |pmid=35750157 |pmc=9388373 |s2cid=250022488 |language=en |issn=1546-170X}}
  • News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Reardon |first1=Sara |title=Why is Monkeypox Evolving So Fast? |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-is-monkeypox-evolving-so-fast/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref> The WHO announces that MP is not yet a global public health emergency but a cause for deep concern (25 June).<ref name="mpxwho">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox is not a global health emergency for now, WHO says |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/monkeypox-who-not-global-public-health-emergency |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=Science News |date=26 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="mpoverview">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=MacIntyre |first1=C. Raina |title=Monkeypox is not a global emergency for now, says WHO |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-06-monkeypox-global-emergency.html |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref> Early overviews and reviews, including about current knowledge about MP prevention and treatment, are published.<ref name="mpoverview"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Rizvi |first1=Zain |last2=Gonsalves |first2=Gregg |title=Monkeypox is spreading. We must move quickly, avoid past mistakes to protect LGBTQ people. |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/opinion/contributors/2022/07/07/monkeypox-response-vaccine-lgbtq/7792405001/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=USA TODAY}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Titanji |first1=Boghuma K |last2=Tegomoh |first2=Bryan |last3=Nematollahi |first3=Saman |last4=Konomos |first4=Michael |last5=Kulkarni |first5=Prathit A |title=Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review for Healthcare Professionals |journal=Open Forum Infectious Diseases |date=1 July 2022 |volume=9 |issue=7 |pages=ofac310 |doi=10.1093/ofid/ofac310 |pmid=35891689 |pmc=9307103 |issn=2328-8957}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rizk |first1=John G. |last2=Lippi |first2=Giuseppe |last3=Henry |first3=Brandon M. |last4=Forthal |first4=Donald N. |last5=Rizk |first5=Youssef |title=Prevention and Treatment of Monkeypox |journal=Drugs |date=1 June 2022 |volume=82 |issue=9 |pages=957–963 |doi=10.1007/s40265-022-01742-y |pmid=35763248 |pmc=9244487 |language=en |issn=1179-1950}}
  • News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Researchers investigate prevention and therapy against monkeypox infection |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220704/Researchers-investigate-prevention-and-therapy-against-monkeypox-infection.aspx |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=4 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Scientists are investigating circulating lineages (and potential variants) of the MP virus and compare them to the African endemic lineages.<ref name="mpoverview"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Luna |first1=Nicolas |last2=Ramírez |first2=Angie L. |last3=Muñoz |first3=Marina |last4=Ballesteros |first4=Nathalia |last5=Patiño |first5=Luz H. |last6=Castañeda |first6=Sergio Andres |last7=Bonilla-Aldana |first7=D. Katterine |last8=Paniz-Mondolfi |first8=Alberto |last9=Ramírez |first9=Juan David |title=Phylogenomic analysis of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) 2022 outbreak: Emergence of a novel viral lineage? |journal=Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease |date=1 September 2022 |volume=49 |pages=102402 |doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102402 |pmid=35840078 |pmc=9628808 |s2cid=250540323 |language=en |issn=1477-8939}}
  • News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Researchers assess the evolution and diversity of monkeypox virus genomes using phylogenomic analysis |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220718/Researchers-assess-the-evolution-and-diversity-of-monkeypox-virus-genomes-using-phylogenomic-analysis.aspx |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite bioRxiv</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Nextstrain – Monkeypox |url=https://nextstrain.org/monkeypox/hmpxv1 |website=nextstrain.org |access-date=22 July 2022}}</ref> A preprint suggests that cases "where a small fraction of individuals have disproportionately large numbers of partners, can explain the sustained growth of monkeypox cases among the MSM population" (13 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Bajaj |first1=Simar |title=What You Need to Know About the History of Monkeypox |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-history-of-monkeypox-180980301/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Endo |first1=Akira |last2=Murayama |first2=Hiroaki |last3=Abbott |first3=Sam |last4=Ratnayake |first4=Ruwan |last5=Pearson |first5=Carl A. B. |last6=Edmunds |first6=W. John |last7=Fearon |first7=Elizabeth |last8=Funk |first8=Sebastian |title=Heavy-tailed sexual contact networks and the epidemiology of monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic regions, May 2022 |website=medRxiv |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.13.22276353v1 |pages=2022.06.13.22276353 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.06.13.22276353 |date=13 June 2022|s2cid=249621940 }}</ref> The MP incubation period is estimated to be 8.5 days on average and up to 21 days (16 June).<ref name="mpoverview"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Miura |first1=Fuminari |last2=Ewijk |first2=Catharina Else van |last3=Backer |first3=Jantien A. |last4=Xiridou |first4=Maria |last5=Franz |first5=Eelco |last6=Coul |first6=Eline Op de |last7=Brandwagt |first7=Diederik |last8=Cleef |first8=Brigitte van |last9=Rijckevorsel |first9=Gini van |last10=Swaan |first10=Corien |last11=Hof |first11=Susan van den |last12=Wallinga |first12=Jacco |title=Estimated incubation period for monkeypox cases confirmed in the Netherlands, May 2022 |journal=Eurosurveillance |date=16 June 2022 |volume=27 |issue=24 |pages=2200448 |doi=10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.24.2200448 |pmid=35713026 |pmc=9205160 |language=en |issn=1560-7917}}
  • News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists estimate the incubation period of 2022 monkeypox |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220615/Scientists-estimate-the-incubation-period-of-2022-monkeypox.aspx |access-date=22 July 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=15 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The 3D-folded structures of the whole proteome of the current DNA virus are predicted, which may be useful for the development of (better or updated) vaccines and drugs (28 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zheng |first1=Liangzhen |last2=Meng |first2=Jintao |last3=Lin |first3=Mingzhi |last4=Lv |first4=Rui |last5=Cheng |first5=Hongxi |last6=Zou |first6=Lixin |last7=Sun |first7=Jinyuan |last8=Li |first8=Linxian X. |last9=Ren |first9=Ruobing |last10=Wang |first10=Sheng |title=Structure prediction of the entire proteome of monkeypox variants |journal=Acta Materia Medica |date=28 June 2022 |volume=1 |issue=2 |doi=10.15212/AMM-2022-0017 |s2cid=250136009 |issn=2737-7946}}</ref> A study indicates MP contaminated surfaces within hospitals and households could be infectious (30 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Nörz |first1=Dominik |last2=Pfefferle |first2=Susanne |last3=Brehm |first3=Thomas T. |last4=Franke |first4=Gefion |last5=Grewe |first5=Ilka |last6=Knobling |first6=Birte |last7=Aepfelbacher |first7=Martin |last8=Huber |first8=Samuel |last9=Klupp |first9=Eva M. |last10=Jordan |first10=Sabine |last11=Addo |first11=Marylyn M. |last12=Wiesch |first12=Julian Schulze zur |last13=Schmiedel |first13=Stefan |last14=Lütgehetmann |first14=Marc |last15=Knobloch |first15=Johannes K. |title=Evidence of surface contamination in hospital rooms occupied by patients infected with monkeypox, Germany, June 2022 |journal=Eurosurveillance |date=30 June 2022 |volume=27 |issue=26 |pages=2200477 |doi=10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.26.2200477 |pmid=35775427 |pmc=9248266 |s2cid=250356219 |language=en |issn=1560-7917}}
  • News article: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=The contamination of surfaces in hospital rooms housing monkeypox patients |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220706/The-contamination-of-surfaces-in-hospital-rooms-housing-monkeypox-patients.aspx |work=News-Medical.net |date=6 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
  • 25 June – A study indicates that the Arctic is warming four times faster than global warming now, substantially faster than current CMIP6 models could project.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Arctic temperatures are increasing four times faster than global warming |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-07-arctic-temperatures-faster-global.html |access-date=18 July 2022 |work=Los Alamos National Laboratory |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chylek |first1=Petr |last2=Folland |first2=Chris |last3=Klett |first3=James D. |last4=Wang |first4=Muyin |last5=Hengartner |first5=Nick |last6=Lesins |first6=Glen |last7=Dubey |first7=Manvendra K. |title=Annual Mean Arctic Amplification 1970–2020: Observed and Simulated by CMIP6 Climate Models |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |date=16 July 2022 |volume=49 |issue=13 |doi=10.1029/2022GL099371 |bibcode=2022GeoRL..4999371C |s2cid=250097858 |language=en |issn=0094-8276}}</ref>
  • 27 June
    • With Template:Tooltip of unknown bacteria, researchers suggest work on microbes soon to be released from melting glaciers across the world to identify and understand potential threats in advance and understand extremophiles.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Bacteria species found in glacial ice could pose disease risk as glaciers melt from global warming |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-06-bacteria-species-glacial-ice-pose.html |access-date=15 July 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Liu |first1=Yongqin |last2=Ji |first2=Mukan |last3=Yu |first3=Tao |last4=Zaugg |first4=Julian |last5=Anesio |first5=Alexandre M. |last6=Zhang |first6=Zhihao |last7=Hu |first7=Songnian |last8=Hugenholtz |first8=Philip |last9=Liu |first9=Keshao |last10=Liu |first10=Pengfei |last11=Chen |first11=Yuying |last12=Luo |first12=Yingfeng |last13=Yao |first13=Tandong |title=A genome and gene catalog of glacier microbiomes |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=27 June 2022 |volume=40 |issue=9 |pages=1341–1348 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01367-2 |pmid=35760913 |s2cid=250091380 |language=en |issn=1546-1696}}</ref>
    • Progress in climate change mitigation (CCM) living review-like works:
      The living document-like aggregation, assessment, integration and review website Project Drawdown adds 11 new CCM solutions to its organized set of mitigation techniques.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Hanley |first1=Steve |title=Latest Project Drawdown Update Adds 11 New Ways To Stop Global Heating |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2022/07/04/latest-project-drawdown-update-adds-11-new-ways-to-stop-global-heating/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=CleanTechnica |date=4 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Project Drawdown updates world's leading set of climate solutions—adding 11 new solutions for addressing the climate crisis |url=https://drawdown.org/news/insights/project-drawdown-updates-world%E2%80%99s-leading-set-of-climate-solutions%E2%80%94adding-11-new |website=Project Drawdown |access-date=21 July 2022 |language=en |date=24 June 2022}}</ref> The website's modeling framework is used in a study document to show that metal recycling has significant potential for CCM (2 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gorman |first1=Miranda R. |last2=Dzombak |first2=David A. |last3=Frischmann |first3=Chad |title=Potential global GHG emissions reduction from increased adoption of metals recycling |journal=Resources, Conservation and Recycling |date=1 September 2022 |volume=184 |pages=106424 |doi=10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106424 |s2cid=249321004 |language=en |issn=0921-3449}}</ref> A revised or updated version of a major worldwide 100% renewable energy proposed plan and model is published (28 June).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Harvey |first1=George |title=We Can Have (Just About) Everything We Want For Energy & The Climate |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2022/07/04/we-can-have-just-about-everything-we-want-for-energy-the-climate/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=CleanTechnica |date=4 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Jacobson |first1=Mark Z. |last2=Krauland |first2=Anna-Katharina von |last3=Coughlin |first3=Stephen J. |last4=Dukas |first4=Emily |last5=Nelson |first5=Alexander J. H. |last6=Palmer |first6=Frances C. |last7=Rasmussen |first7=Kylie R. |title=Low-cost solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy insecurity for 145 countries |journal=Energy & Environmental Science |date=28 June 2022 |volume=15 |issue=8 |pages=3343–3359 |doi=10.1039/D2EE00722C |s2cid=250126767 |language=en |issn=1754-5706|url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/145Country/22-145Countries.pdf}}</ref>
  • 28 June
    • Physicists report that interstellar quantum communication by other civilizations could be possible and may be advantageous, identifying some potential challenges and factors for detecting such. They may use, for example, X-ray photons for remotely established channels and quantum teleportation as the communication mode.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Conover |first1=Emily |title=Aliens could send quantum messages to Earth, calculations suggest |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/alien-quantum-communication-extraterrestrial-communication-signal |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=Science News |date=5 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Berera |first1=Arjun |last2=Calderón-Figueroa |first2=Jaime |title=Viability of quantum communication across interstellar distances |journal=Physical Review D |date=28 June 2022 |volume=105 |issue=12 |pages=123033 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.105.123033|arxiv=2205.11816|bibcode=2022PhRvD.105l3033B |s2cid=249017926 }}</ref>
    • A review elucidates the current state of climate change extreme event attribution science, concluding probabilities and Template:Tooltip of links as well as identifying potential ways for its improvement.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate change is driving 2022 extreme heat and flooding |url=https://news.trust.org/item/20220628092027-g2xea/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=Thomson Reuters Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Clarke |first1=Ben |last2=Otto |first2=Friederike |last3=Stuart-Smith |first3=Rupert |last4=Harrington |first4=Luke |title=Extreme weather impacts of climate change: an attribution perspective |journal=Environmental Research: Climate |date=28 June 2022 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=012001 |doi=10.1088/2752-5295/ac6e7d |s2cid=250134589 |language=en |issn=2752-5295}}</ref>
  • 30 June

July[edit]

File:Comparison of Cas9-, D10A-, and H840A-induced repair phenotypes.jpg
1 July: A new CRISPR gene editing/repair tool alternative to fully active Cas9 is reported.
File:NASA’s Webb Reveals Cosmic Cliffs, Glittering Landscape of Star Birth.jpg
12 July: The 'cosmic cliffs' of the Carina Nebula: One of the first images to be released from the now fully operational James Webb Space Telescope.
  • 1 July
    • Scientists show why climate benefits from nature restoration are "dwarfed by the scale of ongoing fossil fuel emissions".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Dooley |first1=Kate |last2=Nicholls |first2=Zebedee |title=Nature restoration no substitute for cutting fossil fuels |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-07-nature-substitute-fossil-fuels.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dooley |first1=Kate |last2=Nicholls |first2=Zebedee |last3=Meinshausen |first3=Malte |title=Carbon removals from nature restoration are no substitute for steep emission reductions |journal=One Earth |date=15 July 2022 |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=812–824 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2022.06.002 |bibcode=2022OEart...5..812D |s2cid=250231236 |language=English |issn=2590-3330}}</ref>
    • A new CRISPR gene editing/repair tool alternative to fully active Cas9 is reported – Cas9-derived nickases mediated homologous chromosome-templated repair, applicable to organisms whose matching chromosome has the desired gene/s, which Template:Tooltip to be more effective than Cas9 and cause fewer off-target edits.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Softer' form of CRISPR may edit genes more accurately |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2326976-softer-form-of-crispr-may-edit-genes-more-accurately/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Roy |first1=Sitara |last2=Juste |first2=Sara Sanz |last3=Sneider |first3=Marketta |last4=Auradkar |first4=Ankush |last5=Klanseck |first5=Carissa |last6=Li |first6=Zhiqian |last7=Julio |first7=Alison Henrique Ferreira |last8=del Amo |first8=Victor Lopez |last9=Bier |first9=Ethan |last10=Guichard |first10=Annabel |title=Cas9/Nickase-induced allelic conversion by homologous chromosome-templated repair in Drosophila somatic cells |journal=Science Advances |date=July 2022 |volume=8 |issue=26 |pages=eabo0721 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abo0721 |pmid=35776792 |bibcode=2022SciA....8O.721R |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 4 July – Scientists report that heatwaves in western Europe are increasing "three-to-four times faster compared to the rest of Template:Tooltip over the past 42 years" and that Template:Tooltip can explain their increase.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Fountain |first1=Henry |title=Why Europe Is Becoming a Heat Wave Hot Spot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/19/climate/europe-heat-wave-science.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=18 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rousi |first1=Efi |last2=Kornhuber |first2=Kai |last3=Beobide-Arsuaga |first3=Goratz |last4=Luo |first4=Fei |last5=Coumou |first5=Dim |title=Accelerated western European heatwave trends linked to more-persistent double jets over Eurasia |journal=Nature Communications |date=4 July 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=3851 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-31432-y |pmid=35788585 |pmc=9253148 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.3851R |language=en |issn=2041-1723 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 5 July – The Large Hadron Collider commences its Run 3 physics season. The LHCb collaboration observes three never-before-seen particles: a new kind of "pentaquark" and the first-ever pair of "tetraquarks", which includes a new type of tetraquark.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://home.cern/news/news/physics/lhcb-discovers-three-new-exotic-particles |title=LHCb discovers three new exotic particles |work=CERN| date=5 July 2022| access-date=8 July 2022}}</ref>
  • 6 July – A study suggests that the marginal effectiveness of a fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose (a second "booster") versus three doses can be 40% (24% to 52%) against severe disease outcomes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=What is the effectiveness of the fourth dose mRNA vaccination against the Omicron variant? |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220711/What-is-the-effectiveness-of-the-fourth-dose-mRNA-vaccination-against-the-Omicron-variant.aspx |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=11 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Grewal |first1=Ramandip |last2=Kitchen |first2=Sophie A. |last3=Nguyen |first3=Lena |last4=Buchan |first4=Sarah A. |last5=Wilson |first5=Sarah E. |last6=Costa |first6=Andrew P. |last7=Kwong |first7=Jeffrey C. |title=Effectiveness of a fourth dose of covid-19 mRNA vaccine against the omicron variant among long term care residents in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study |journal=BMJ |date=6 July 2022 |volume=378 |pages=e071502 |doi=10.1136/bmj-2022-071502 |pmid=35793826 |pmc=9257064 |language=en |issn=1756-1833}}</ref> There is no scientific consensus about the efficacy and overall recommendabilities of a fourth dose.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Einfluss wiederholter COVID-19-Booster auf das Immunsystem |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/rapid-reaction/details/news/einfluss-wiederholter-booster-impfungen-auf-das-immunsystem/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=22 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The CDC recommended such in March only for "certain immunocompromised individuals and people over the age of 50".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Kimball |first1=Spencer |title=CDC recommends fourth Pfizer and Moderna Covid vaccine doses for people age 50 and older |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/29/fda-authorizes-fourth-pfizer-covid-vaccine-dose-for-people-age-50-and-older-.html |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=CNBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/s0328-covid-19-boosters.html |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=22 August 2022 |language=en-us |date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
File:An AI learns basic physical principles.webp
11 & 25 July: Deep learning systems learn intuitive basic physics similar to infants and any physics via potential variables-identification from only visual data (of virtual 3D environments).
  • 7 July
    • The first tandem perovskite-silicon solar cell to exceed 30% efficiency (31.25%) is independently certified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2022/07/07/csem-epfl-achieve-31-25-efficiency-for-tandem-perovskite-silicon-solar-cell/ |title=CSEM, EPFL achieve 31.25% efficiency for tandem perovskite-silicon solar cell |work=PV Magazine| date=7 July 2022| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.csem.ch/page.aspx?pid=172296 |title=EPFL and CSEM smash through the 30% efficiency barrier for perovskite-on-silicon-tandem solar cells—setting two certified world records. |work=CSEM | date=7 July 2022| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref>
    • A study into the effects of a global nuclear war on the world's oceans is published, revealing a rapid Template:Convert drop in temperature, along with many longer-lasting impacts.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/958087 |title=How nuclear war would affect earth today |work=EurekAlert!| date=7 July 2022| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021AV000610 |title=A New Ocean State After Nuclear War |journal=AGU Advances| date=7 July 2022|doi=10.1029/2021AV000610 | access-date=7 July 2022|last1=Harrison |first1=Cheryl S. |last2=Rohr |first2=Tyler |last3=Duvivier |first3=Alice |last4=Maroon |first4=Elizabeth A. |last5=Bachman |first5=Scott |last6=Bardeen |first6=Charles G. |last7=Coupe |first7=Joshua |last8=Garza |first8=Victoria |last9=Heneghan |first9=Ryan |last10=Lovenduski |first10=Nicole S. |last11=Neubauer |first11=Philipp |last12=Rangel |first12=Victor |last13=Robock |first13=Alan |last14=Scherrer |first14=Kim |last15=Stevenson |first15=Samantha |last16=Toon |first16=Owen B. |volume=3 |issue=4 |bibcode=2022AGUA....300610H |s2cid=250365789 }}</ref>
  • 8 July – Astronomers report the discovery of massive amounts of prebiotic molecules, including precursors for RNA, in the Galactic Center of the Milky Way Galaxy.<ref name="SA-20220708">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Starr |first=Michelle |title=Loads of Precursors For RNA Have Been Detected in The Center of Our Galaxy |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-have-found-a-bunch-of-rna-precursors-in-the-galactic-center |date=8 July 2022 |work=ScienceAlert |access-date=9 July 2022 }}</ref><ref name="FASS-20220708">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Rivilla, Victor M. |display-authors=et al. |title=Molecular Precursors of the RNA-World in Space: New Nitriles in the G+0.693−0.027 Molecular Cloud |date=8 July 2022 |journal=Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |volume=9 |page=876870 |doi=10.3389/fspas.2022.876870 |arxiv=2206.01053 |bibcode=2022FrASS...9.6870R |doi-access=free }}</ref>
  • 9 July – Researchers report the development of an efficient, secure and convenient method to separate, purify, store and transport large amounts of hydrogen for energy storage in renewables-based energy systems as powder using ball milling.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Mechanochemical breakthrough unlocks cheap, safe, powdered hydrogen |url=https://newatlas.com/energy/mechanochemical-breakthrough-unlocks-cheap-safe-powdered-hydrogen/ |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=19 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mateti |first1=Srikanth |last2=Zhang |first2=Chunmei |last3=Du |first3=Aijun |last4=Periasamy |first4=Selvakannan |last5=Chen |first5=Ying Ian |title=Superb storage and energy saving separation of hydrocarbon gases in boron nitride nanosheets via a mechanochemical process |journal=Materials Today |date=1 July 2022 |volume=57 |pages=26–34 |doi=10.1016/j.mattod.2022.06.004 |s2cid=250413503 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1369702122001614 |language=en |issn=1369-7021|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 11 July
    • Researchers report the development of a deep learning system that learns intuitive physics from visual data (of virtual 3D environments) to some degree "from scratch" based on an unpublished approach inspired by studies of visual cognition in infants.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=DeepMind AI learns physics by watching videos that don't make sense |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2327766-deepmind-ai-learns-physics-by-watching-videos-that-dont-make-sense |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Piloto |first1=Luis S. |last2=Weinstein |first2=Ari |last3=Battaglia |first3=Peter |last4=Botvinick |first4=Matthew |title=Intuitive physics learning in a deep-learning model inspired by developmental psychology |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |date=11 July 2022 |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=1257–1267 |doi=10.1038/s41562-022-01394-8 |pmid=35817932 |pmc=9489531 |language=en |issn=2397-3374|doi-access=free}}</ref> On 25 July, other researchers report the development of a machine learning algorithm that could discover sets of basic variables of various physical systems and predict the systems' future dynamics from video recordings of their behavior.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Feldman |first1=Andrey |title=Artificial physicist to unravel the laws of nature |url=https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/an-artificial-physicist-to-unravel-the-laws-of-nature/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Advanced Science News |date=11 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chen |first1=Boyuan |last2=Huang |first2=Kuang |last3=Raghupathi |first3=Sunand |last4=Chandratreya |first4=Ishaan |last5=Du |first5=Qiang |last6=Lipson |first6=Hod |title=Automated discovery of fundamental variables hidden in experimental data |journal=Nature Computational Science |date=July 2022 |volume=2 |issue=7 |pages=433–442 |doi=10.1038/s43588-022-00281-6 |s2cid=251087119 |language=en |issn=2662-8457}}</ref>
    • News outlets report about the development of algae biopanels by a company for sustainable energy generation with unclear viability<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Algae biopanel windows make power, oxygen and biomass, and suck up CO2 |url=https://newatlas.com/energy/greenfluidics-algae-biopanels/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=11 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Paleja |first1=Ameya |title=Algae-filled panels could generate oxygen and electricity while absorbing CO2 |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/algae-filled-panels-generate-oxygen-electricity-absorbing-co2 |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=13 July 2022}}</ref> after other researchers built the self-powered [[Bionic architecture#Advantages|Template:Tooltip house prototype]] in 2013.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Talaei |first1=Maryam |last2=Mahdavinejad |first2=Mohammadjavad |last3=Azari |first3=Rahman |title=Thermal and energy performance of algae bioreactive façades: A review |journal=Journal of Building Engineering |date=1 March 2020 |volume=28 |pages=101011 |doi=10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101011 |s2cid=210245691 |language=en |issn=2352-7102}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wilkinson |first1=Sara |last2=Stoller |first2=Paul |last3=Ralph |first3=Peter |last4=Hamdorf |first4=Brenton |last5=Catana |first5=Laila Navarro |last6=Kuzava |first6=Gabriela Santana |title=Exploring the Feasibility of Algae Building Technology in NSW |journal=Procedia Engineering |date=1 January 2017 |volume=180 |pages=1121–1130 |doi=10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.272 |language=en |issn=1877-7058|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 12 July – NASA releases the first suite of images from the now fully operational James Webb Space Telescope,<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.nasa.gov/webbfirstimages |title=First Images from the James Webb Space Telescope |work=NASA| date=12 July 2022| access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref> a day after releasing the Webb's First Deep Field, the image of early universe with the highest resolution.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Garner |first1=Rob |title=NASA's Webb Delivers Deepest Infrared Image of Universe Yet |url=http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-delivers-deepest-infrared-image-of-universe-yet |website=NASA |access-date=22 August 2022 |date=11 July 2022}}</ref> On 14 July, NASA presents images of Jupiter and related areas captured, for the first time, and including infrared views, by the telescope.<ref name="NYT-20220715">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Shows Webb's View of Something Closer to Home: Jupiter - The powerful telescope will help scientists make discoveries both within our solar system and well beyond it. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/15/science/webb-telescope-jupiter-images.html |date=15 July 2022 |work=The New York Times |access-date=16 July 2022 }}</ref> On 19 July, scientists report what could be the earliest and most distant galaxy ever discovered, GLASS-z12.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Ryan |first1=Jackson |title=Did JWST Discover The Oldest Galaxy Ever Seen? It's Complicated |url=https://www.cnet.com/science/space/no-the-james-webb-space-telescope-didnt-find-the-oldest-galaxy-ever/ |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=CNET |language=en}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • 13 July
    • The discovery of fast radio burst FRB 20191221A with an unusually long duration of three seconds is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Strickland |first1=Ashley |title=Mysterious fast radio burst in space has a 'heartbeat' pattern |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/13/world/heartbeat-fast-radio-burst-scn/index.html |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || url =https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04841-8 |title=Sub-second periodicity in a fast radio burst|journal=Nature|collaboration=The CHIME/FRB Collaboration |author=Bridget C. Andersen | date=13 July 2022|volume=607 |issue=7918 |pages=256–259 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04841-8 |pmid=35831603 |arxiv=2107.08463 |bibcode=2022Natur.607..256C |s2cid=236088032 | access-date =14 July 2022}}</ref>
    • A study affirms (see 7 March) that critical slowing down indicators suggest that tropical, arid and temperate forests are substantially losing resilience.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Forests are becoming less resilient because of climate change |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2328268-forests-are-becoming-less-resilient-because-of-climate-change/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Forzieri |first1=Giovanni |last2=Dakos |first2=Vasilis |last3=McDowell |first3=Nate G. |last4=Ramdane |first4=Alkama |last5=Cescatti |first5=Alessandro |title=Emerging signals of declining forest resilience under climate change |journal=Nature |date=August 2022 |volume=608 |issue=7923 |pages=534–539 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04959-9 |pmid=35831499 |pmc=9385496 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref> On 4 July, Brazil's INPE reports that the country's regions of the Amazon rainforest have been deforested by a record amount in the first half of 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Pedroso |first1=Rodrigo |last2=Engels |first2=Jorge |title=Brazil sees record Amazon deforestation in first half of 2022 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/04/americas/brazil-amazon-record-deforestation-intl/index.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=CNN}}</ref>
    • A study shows that blood cells' Template:Tooltip, reportedly affecting at least 40% of 70 years-old men to some degree, contributes to fibrosis, heart risks, and mortality in a causal way.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Kolata |first1=Gina |title=As Y Chromosomes Vanish With Age, Heart Risks May Grow |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/14/health/y-chromosome-heart-failure.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=14 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sano |first1=Soichi |last2=Horitani |first2=Keita |last3=Ogawa |first3=Hayato |last4=Halvardson |first4=Jonatan |last5=Chavkin |first5=Nicholas W. |last6=Wang |first6=Ying |last7=Sano |first7=Miho |last8=Mattisson |first8=Jonas |last9=Hata |first9=Atsushi |last10=Danielsson |first10=Marcus |last11=Miura-Yura |first11=Emiri |last12=Zaghlool |first12=Ammar |last13=Evans |first13=Megan A. |last14=Fall |first14=Tove |last15=De Hoyos |first15=Henry N. |last16=Sundström |first16=Johan |last17=Yura |first17=Yoshimitsu |last18=Kour |first18=Anupreet |last19=Arai |first19=Yohei |last20=Thel |first20=Mark C. |last21=Arai |first21=Yuka |last22=Mychaleckyj |first22=Josyf C. |last23=Hirschi |first23=Karen K. |last24=Forsberg |first24=Lars A. |last25=Walsh |first25=Kenneth |title=Hematopoietic loss of Y chromosome leads to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure mortality |journal=Science |date=15 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6603 |pages=292–297 |doi=10.1126/science.abn3100 |pmid=35857592 |pmc=9437978 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..292S |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
    • Researchers report the development of semitransparent solar cells that are as large as windows,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Huang |first1=Xinjing |last2=Fan |first2=Dejiu |last3=Li |first3=Yongxi |last4=Forrest |first4=Stephen R. |title=Multilevel peel-off patterning of a prototype semitransparent organic photovoltaic module |journal=Joule |date=20 July 2022 |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=1581–1589 |doi=10.1016/j.joule.2022.06.015 |s2cid=250541919 |url=https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(22)00289-6 |language=English |issn=2542-4785|url-access=subscription}}</ref> after team members achieved record efficiency with high transparency in 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Transparent solar panels for windows hit record 8% efficiency |url=https://news.umich.edu/transparent-solar-panels-for-windows-hit-record-8-efficiency/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=University of Michigan News |date=17 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Li |first1=Yongxi |last2=Guo |first2=Xia |last3=Peng |first3=Zhengxing |last4=Qu |first4=Boning |last5=Yan |first5=Hongping |last6=Ade |first6=Harald |last7=Zhang |first7=Maojie |last8=Forrest |first8=Stephen R. |title=Color-neutral, semitransparent organic photovoltaics for power window applications |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=September 2020 |volume=117 |issue=35 |pages=21147–21154 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2007799117 |pmid=32817532 |pmc=7474591 |bibcode=2020PNAS..11721147L |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free }}</ref> On 4 July, researchers report the fabrication of solar cells with a record average visible transparency of 79%, being nearly invisible.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=He |first1=Xing |last2=Iwamoto |first2=Yuta |last3=Kaneko |first3=Toshiro |last4=Kato |first4=Toshiaki |title=Fabrication of near-invisible solar cell with monolayer WS2 |journal=Scientific Reports |date=4 July 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=11315 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-15352-x |pmid=35787666 |pmc=9253307 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1211315H |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}</ref>
File:Necrobotics with a spider.png
25 July: Researchers introduce and demonstrate Template:Tooltip.
File:Myoglobin.png
28 July: AI company DeepMind reports that its AlphaFold program has determined the likely structure of nearly every protein known to science.
  • 18 July
    • A survey of more than 3,000 experts finds that the extinction crisis could be worse than previously thought, and estimates that roughly 30% of species "have been globally threatened or driven extinct since the year 1500."<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Melillo|first=Gianna |date=July 19, 2022 |title=Threat of global extinction may be greater than previously thought, study finds|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/sustainability/environment/3565945-threat-of-global-extinction-may-be-greater-than-previously-thought-study-finds/%7Cwork=The Hill |location= |access-date=July 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Isbell|first1=Forest|last2=Balvanera|first2=Patricia|display-authors=etal.|date=2022 |title=Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fee.2536%7Cjournal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment|volume= 21|issue= 2|pages= 94–103|doi=10.1002/fee.2536|s2cid=250659953 }}</ref>
    • The first "dormant" black hole (meaning it does not emit high levels of X-ray radiation) is identified outside the Milky Way. The object, with nine solar masses, orbits a rare O-type star in a system called VFTS 243 within the Large Magellanic Cloud.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2210/ |title='Black hole police' discover a dormant black hole outside our galaxy |work=ESO| date=18 July 2022| access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Shenar |first1=Tomer |last2=Sana |first2=Hugues |last3=Mahy |first3=Laurent |last4=El-Badry |first4=Kareem |last5=Marchant |first5=Pablo |last6=Langer |first6=Norbert |last7=Hawcroft |first7=Calum |last8=Fabry |first8=Matthias |last9=Sen |first9=Koushik |last10=Almeida |first10=Leonardo A. |display-authors=et al. |title=An X-ray-quiet black hole born with a negligible kick in a massive binary within the Large Magellanic Cloud |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=18 July 2022 |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=1085–1092 |doi=10.1038/s41550-022-01730-y|arxiv=2207.07675|bibcode=2022NatAs...6.1085S |s2cid=250626810 }}</ref>
    • A study shows that climate change-related exceptional marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea during 2015–2019 resulted in widespread mass sealife die-offs in five consecutive years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Marine heatwave: Record sea temperatures seen in the Mediterranean could devastate marine life |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/marine-heatwave-sea-temperaturesmediterranean |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=20 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Garrabou |first1=Joaquim |last2=Gómez-Gras |first2=Daniel |last3=Medrano |first3=Alba |last4=Cerrano |first4=Carlo |last5=Ponti |first5=Massimo |last6=Schlegel |first6=Robert |last7=Bensoussan |first7=Nathaniel |last8=Turicchia |first8=Eva |last9=Sini |first9=Maria |last10=Gerovasileiou |first10=Vasilis |display-authors=et al. |title=Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea |journal=Global Change Biology |date=18 July 2022 |volume=28 |issue=19 |pages=5708–5725 |doi=10.1111/gcb.16301 |pmid=35848527 |pmc=9543131 |hdl=10754/679702 |s2cid=250622761 |language=en |issn=1354-1013}}</ref>
  • 20 July – Scientists report that SARS-CoV-2 builds tunneling nanotubes from nose cells to gain access to the brain.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Coronavirus may enter the brain by building tiny tunnels from the nose |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2329543-coronavirus-may-enter-the-brain-by-building-tiny-tunnels-from-the-nose/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pepe |first1=Anna |last2=Pietropaoli |first2=Stefano |last3=Vos |first3=Matthijn |last4=Barba-Spaeth |first4=Giovanna |last5=Zurzolo |first5=Chiara |title=Tunneling nanotubes provide a route for SARS-CoV-2 spreading |journal=Science Advances |date=22 July 2022 |volume=8 |issue=29 |pages=eabo0171 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abo0171 |pmid=35857849 |pmc=9299553 |bibcode=2022SciA....8O.171P |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 21 July
    • A potential gene therapy cure for haemophilia B, which corrects the genetic defect associated with the condition is announced with trial results by doctors. It caused a sustained increase in factor IX activity in 9 of 10 patients in the small trial.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web || url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-62240061 |title=Transformational therapy cures haemophilia B |work=BBC News| date=21 July 2022| access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chowdary |first1=Pratima |last2=Shapiro |first2=Susan |last3=Makris |first3=Mike |last4=Evans |first4=Gillian |last5=Boyce |first5=Sara |last6=Talks |first6=Kate |last7=Dolan |first7=Gerard |last8=Reiss |first8=Ulrike |last9=Phillips |first9=Mark |last10=Riddell |first10=Anne |last11=Peralta |first11=Maria R. |last12=Quaye |first12=Michelle |last13=Patch |first13=David W. |last14=Tuddenham |first14=Edward |last15=Dane |first15=Allison |last16=Watissée |first16=Marie |last17=Long |first17=Alison |last18=Nathwani |first18=Amit |title=Phase 1–2 Trial of AAVS3 Gene Therapy in Patients with Hemophilia B |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=20 July 2022 |volume=387 |issue=3 |pages=237–247 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2119913 |pmid=35857660 |s2cid=250697905 |url=https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/189484/ |language=en}}</ref>
    • Sunspot AR3060 explodes early in the morning. It releases a C-5 class solar flare, and a "solar tsunami". The NOAA predicts that a geomagnetic storm from this event will strike the Earth on 23 July, between 0000 UTC and 0400 UTC, as a G2 class storm, with a slight chance of a G3 storm. Aurorae could be visible as far south as 50° N latitude.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Spaceweather.com Time Machine |url=https://www.spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=21&month=07&year=2022 |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=www.spaceweather.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-22 |title="Full-halo" solar storm from tsunami on sun surface headed for Earth |url=https://www.newsweek.com/full-halo-solar-storm-hitting-earth-aurora-1727057 |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Spaceweather.com Time Machine |url=https://www.spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=22&month=07&year=2022 |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=www.spaceweather.com}}</ref>Template:Update inline
    • Researchers report the development of deep learning software that can design proteins that contain prespecified functional sites.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Biologists train AI to generate medicines and vaccines |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-07-biologists-ai-medicines-vaccines.html |work=University of Washington-Harborview Medical Center |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Jue |last2=Lisanza |first2=Sidney |last3=Juergens |first3=David |last4=Tischer |first4=Doug |last5=Watson |first5=Joseph L. |last6=Castro |first6=Karla M. |last7=Ragotte |first7=Robert |last8=Saragovi |first8=Amijai |last9=Milles |first9=Lukas F. |last10=Baek |first10=Minkyung |last11=Anishchenko |first11=Ivan |last12=Yang |first12=Wei |last13=Hicks |first13=Derrick R. |last14=Expòsit |first14=Marc |last15=Schlichthaerle |first15=Thomas |last16=Chun |first16=Jung-Ho |last17=Dauparas |first17=Justas |last18=Bennett |first18=Nathaniel |last19=Wicky |first19=Basile I. M. |last20=Muenks |first20=Andrew |last21=DiMaio |first21=Frank |last22=Correia |first22=Bruno |last23=Ovchinnikov |first23=Sergey |last24=Baker |first24=David |title=Scaffolding protein functional sites using deep learning |journal=Science |date=22 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6604 |pages=387–394 |doi=10.1126/science.abn2100 |pmid=35862514 |pmc=9621694 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..387W |s2cid=250953434 |url=https://www.ipd.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/science.abn2100.pdf |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
  • 23 July – The World Health Organization (WHO) declares the recent monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, as the number of reported cases worldwide exceeds 17,000.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-23 |title=Monkeypox declared global health emergency by WHO as cases surge |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/23/monkeypox-who-declares-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> In July, scientists reported that the window to be able to contain the outbreak is closing or has closed.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The world is 'losing the window' to contain monkeypox, experts warn |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/who-losing-effort-contain-monkeypox-virus |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=Science News |date=22 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox: US experts issue warning amid limited vaccines and testing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/18/monkeypox-vaccines-testing-us-latest-warning-threat |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> On 5 July, a preprint indicates there can be asymptomatic infections.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Baetselier |first1=Irith De |last2=Dijck |first2=Christophe Van |last3=Kenyon |first3=Chris |last4=Coppens |first4=Jasmine |last5=Bossche |first5=Dorien Van den |last6=Smet |first6=Hilde |last7=Liesenborghs |first7=Laurens |last8=Vanroye |first8=Fien |last9=Block |first9=Tessa de |last10=Rezende |first10=Antonio |last11=Florence |first11=Eric |last12=Vercauteren |first12=Koen |last13=Esbroeck |first13=Marjan Van |last14=Group |first14=the Monkeypox study |title=Asymptomatic monkeypox virus infections among male sexual health clinic attendees in Belgium |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.04.22277226v1.full-text |journal=Nature Medicine |pages=2022.07.04.22277226 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.07.04.22277226 |date=5 July 2022 |s2cid=250132474 }}</ref> On 27 July, an analysis of studies by a journalist indicates that "about 10-to-15% of cases have been hospitalized, mostly for pain and bacterial infections that can occur as a result of monkeypox lesions".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Analysis | Understanding Monkeypox and How Outbreaks Spread |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/understanding-monkeypox-and-how-outbreaks-spread/2022/07/27/9673e7f2-0d83-11ed-88e8-c58dc3dbaee2_story.html |access-date=23 August 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Studies published in August indicated hospitalizations of small cohorts of early patients were 8%<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Philpott |first1=David |title=Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Monkeypox Cases — United States, May 17–July 22, 2022 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=2022 |volume=71 |issue=32 |pages=1018–1022 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7132e3 |pmid=35951487 |pmc=9400536 |language=en-us |issn=0149-2195}}</ref> and 13%.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Thornhill |first1=John P. |last2=Barkati |first2=Sapha |last3=Walmsley |first3=Sharon |last4=Rockstroh |first4=Juergen |last5=Antinori |first5=Andrea |last6=Harrison |first6=Luke B. |last7=Palich |first7=Romain |last8=Nori |first8=Achyuta |last9=Reeves |first9=Iain |last10=Habibi |first10=Maximillian S. |last11=Apea |first11=Vanessa |last12=Boesecke |first12=Christoph |last13=Vandekerckhove |first13=Linos |last14=Yakubovsky |first14=Michal |last15=Sendagorta |first15=Elena |last16=Blanco |first16=Jose L. |last17=Florence |first17=Eric |last18=Moschese |first18=Davide |last19=Maltez |first19=Fernando M. |last20=Goorhuis |first20=Abraham |last21=Pourcher |first21=Valerie |last22=Migaud |first22=Pascal |last23=Noe |first23=Sebastian |last24=Pintado |first24=Claire |last25=Maggi |first25=Fabrizio |last26=Hansen |first26=Ann-Brit E. |last27=Hoffmann |first27=Christian |last28=Lezama |first28=Jezer I. |last29=Mussini |first29=Cristina |last30=Cattelan |first30=AnnaMaria |last31=Makofane |first31=Keletso |last32=Tan |first32=Darrell |last33=Nozza |first33=Silvia |last34=Nemeth |first34=Johannes |last35=Klein |first35=Marina B. |last36=Orkin |first36=Chloe M. |title=Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries — April–June 2022 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=21 July 2022 |volume=387 |issue=8 |pages=679–691 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2207323 |pmid=35866746 |s2cid=250953579 |url=https://hal.science/hal-03939104/file/nejmoa2207323.pdf |language=en}}</ref>
  • 25 July
    • Researchers introduce Template:Tooltip and demonstrate it by repurposing dead spiders as robotic grippers by activating their gripping arms via applying pressurized air.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists turned dead spiders into robots |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/dead-wolf-spiders-robots-necrobots |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Science News |date=4 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Yap |first1=Te Faye |last2=Liu |first2=Zhen |last3=Rajappan |first3=Anoop |last4=Shimokusu |first4=Trevor J. |last5=Preston |first5=Daniel J. |title=Necrobotics: Biotic Materials as Ready-to-Use Actuators |journal=Advanced Science |date=25 July 2022 |volume=9 |issue=29 |pages=2201174 |doi=10.1002/advs.202201174 |pmid=35875913 |pmc=9561765 |language=en |issn=2198-3844|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • Researchers review the scientific literature on 100% renewable energy, addressing various issues, outlining open research questions, and concluding there to be growing consensus, research and empirical evidence concerning its feasibility worldwide.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Shakeel |first1=Fatima |title=The World Can Achieve A 100% Renewable Energy System By 2050, Researchers Say |url=https://wonderfulengineering.com/renewable-energy-systems-could-be-possible-by-2050/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=Wonderful Engineering |date=12 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Breyer |first1=Christian |last2=Khalili |first2=Siavash |last3=Bogdanov |first3=Dmitrii |last4=Ram |first4=Manish |last5=Oyewo |first5=Ayobami Solomon |last6=Aghahosseini |first6=Arman |last7=Gulagi |first7=Ashish |last8=Solomon |first8=A. A. |last9=Keiner |first9=Dominik |last10=Lopez |first10=Gabriel |last11=Østergaard |first11=Poul Alberg |last12=Lund |first12=Henrik |last13=Mathiesen |first13=Brian V. |last14=Jacobson |first14=Mark Z. |last15=Victoria |first15=Marta |last16=Teske |first16=Sven |last17=Pregger |first17=Thomas |last18=Fthenakis |first18=Vasilis |last19=Raugei |first19=Marco |last20=Holttinen |first20=Hannele |last21=Bardi |first21=Ugo |last22=Hoekstra |first22=Auke |last23=Sovacool |first23=Benjamin K. |title=On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research |journal=IEEE Access |date=2022 |volume=10 |pages=78176–78218 |doi=10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3193402 |issn=2169-3536|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 26 July – Scientists analyse 2.8 million of the sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes and use the results to compile a 'mutations blacklist' of virus weak spots, and a 'whitelist' of mutations that would make it more transmissible.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-26 |title= Study identifies regions on the SARS-CoV-2 genome linked to virus replication and transmission |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/960026 |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=EurekAlert!}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sun |first1=Yamin |last2=Wang |first2=Min |last3=Lin |first3=Wenchao |last4=Dong |first4=Wei |last5=Xu |first5=Jianguo |title="Mutation blacklist" and "mutation whitelist" of SARS-CoV-2 |journal=Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity |date=1 December 2022 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=114–120 |doi=10.1016/j.jobb.2022.06.006 |pmid=35845149 |pmc=9273572 |language=en |issn=2588-9338}}</ref>
  • 27 July – Progress towards a pan coronavirus vaccine is announced, following tests on mice. Antibodies targeting the S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2's spike protein are found to neutralise multiple coronavirus variants.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-27 |title=UK scientists take 'promising' step towards single Covid and cold vaccine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/27/uk-scientists-take-promising-step-towards-single-covid-and-cold-vaccine |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ng |first1=Kevin W. |last2=Faulkner |first2=Nikhil |last3=Finsterbusch |first3=Katja |last4=Wu |first4=Mary |last5=Harvey |first5=Ruth |last6=Hussain |first6=Saira |last7=Greco |first7=Maria |last8=Liu |first8=Yafei |last9=Kjaer |first9=Svend |last10=Swanton |first10=Charles |last11=Gandhi |first11=Sonia |last12=Beale |first12=Rupert |last13=Gamblin |first13=Steve J. |last14=Cherepanov |first14=Peter |last15=McCauley |first15=John |last16=Daniels |first16=Rodney |last17=Howell |first17=Michael |last18=Arase |first18=Hisashi |last19=Wack |first19=Andreas |last20=Bauer |first20=David L.V. |last21=Kassiotis |first21=George |title=SARS-CoV-2 S2–targeted vaccination elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies |journal=Science Translational Medicine |date=27 July 2022 |volume=14 |issue=655 |pages=eabn3715 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3715 |pmid=35895836 |language=en |issn=1946-6234|doi-access=free}}
  • Press release: {{#invoke:cite web ||date=2022-07-27 |title=Promising developments in pursuit to design pan-coronavirus vaccine |url=https://www.crick.ac.uk/news/2022-07-27_promising-developments-in-pursuit-to-design-pan-coronavirus-vaccine |access-date=2022-07-28 |work=Francis Crick Institute}}</ref>
  • 28 July
    • DeepMind announces that its AlphaFold program has uncovered the structures of more than 200 million folded proteins, essentially all of those known to science.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=DeepMind uncovers structure of 200m proteins in scientific leap forward |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jul/28/deepmind-uncovers-structure-of-200m-proteins-in-scientific-leap-forward |access-date=2022-07-28|date=2022-07-28 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=AlphaFold reveals the structure of the protein universe |url=https://www.deepmind.com/blog/alphafold-reveals-the-structure-of-the-protein-universe |access-date=2022-07-28|date=2022-07-28 |website=DeepMind}}</ref>
    • Researchers report the development of a wearable bioadhesive stretchable high-resolution ultrasound imaging patch for days-long continuous imaging of diverse organs which may enable novel diagnostic and monitoring tools.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=This stick-on ultrasound patch could let you watch your own heart beat |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ultrasound-patch-skin-watch-heart-beat-personalized-medicine |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Science News |date=28 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Chonghe |last2=Chen |first2=Xiaoyu |last3=Wang |first3=Liu |last4=Makihata |first4=Mitsutoshi |last5=Liu |first5=Hsiao-Chuan |last6=Zhou |first6=Tao |last7=Zhao |first7=Xuanhe |title=Bioadhesive ultrasound for long-term continuous imaging of diverse organs |journal=Science |date=29 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6605 |pages=517–523 |doi=10.1126/science.abo2542 |pmid=35901155 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..517W |s2cid=251158622 |url=http://zhao.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/162.pdf |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
    • First reported discovery of an animal helping algae reproduce<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Roth |first1=Annie |title=Like Bees of the Seas, These Crustaceans Pollinate Seaweed |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/28/science/pollination-algae-crustacean.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=28 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lavaut |first1=E. |last2=Guillemin |first2=M.-L. |last3=Colin |first3=S. |last4=Faure |first4=A. |last5=Coudret |first5=J. |last6=Destombe |first6=C. |last7=Valero |first7=M. |title=Pollinators of the sea: A discovery of animal-mediated fertilization in seaweed |journal=Science |date=29 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6605 |pages=528–530 |doi=10.1126/science.abo6661 |pmid=35901149 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..528L |s2cid=251159505 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> after pollination in the sea was first reported in 2016.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=van Tussenbroek |first1=Brigitta I. |last2=Villamil |first2=Nora |last3=Márquez-Guzmán |first3=Judith |last4=Wong |first4=Ricardo |last5=Monroy-Velázquez |first5=L. Verónica |last6=Solis-Weiss |first6=Vivianne |title=Experimental evidence of pollination in marine flowers by invertebrate fauna |journal=Nature Communications |date=29 September 2016 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=12980 |doi=10.1038/ncomms12980 |pmid=27680661 |pmc=5056424 |bibcode=2016NatCo...712980V |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • Researchers report the development of nanoscale brain-inspired artificial synapses, using the ion proton (Template:Chem2), for 'analog deep learning'.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Artificial synapse' could make neural networks work more like brains |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2331368-artificial-synapse-could-make-neural-networks-work-more-like-brains/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Onen |first1=Murat |last2=Emond |first2=Nicolas |last3=Wang |first3=Baoming |last4=Zhang |first4=Difei |last5=Ross |first5=Frances M. |last6=Li |first6=Ju |last7=Yildiz |first7=Bilge |last8=del Alamo |first8=Jesús A. |title=Nanosecond protonic programmable resistors for analog deep learning |journal=Science |date=29 July 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6605 |pages=539–543 |doi=10.1126/science.abp8064 |pmid=35901152 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..539O |s2cid=251159631 |url=http://li.mit.edu/Archive/Papers/22/Onen22EmondScience.pdf |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
    • Scientists report the discovery of chemical reactions by potential primordial soup components that produced amino acids and may be part of the origin of life on Earth.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Newly discovered chemical reactions could explain the origin of life |url=https://newatlas.com/biology/new-chemical-reactions-origin-life/ |access-date=22 August 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=29 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pulletikurti |first1=Sunil |last2=Yadav |first2=Mahipal |last3=Springsteen |first3=Greg |last4=Krishnamurthy |first4=Ramanarayanan |title=Prebiotic synthesis of α-amino acids and orotate from α-ketoacids potentiates transition to extant metabolic pathways |journal=Nature Chemistry |date=28 July 2022 |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=1142–1150 |doi=10.1038/s41557-022-00999-w |pmid=35902742 |bibcode=2022NatCh..14.1142P |s2cid=245765723 |url=https://go.nature.com/3zr1TfJ |language=en |issn=1755-4349}}</ref>
  • 29 July
    • In a preprint, scientists from the Galileo Project describe a planned expedition to retrieve small fragments of interstellar meteor CNEOS 2014-01-08, which "appears to be rare both in composition and in speed" and is not ruled out to be "extraterrestrial equipment",<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Loeb |first1=Avi |author1-link=Avi Loeb |title=The First Interstellar Meteor Had a Larger Material Strength Than Iron Meteorites |url=https://avi-loeb.medium.com/the-first-interstellar-meteor-had-a-larger-material-strength-than-iron-meteorites-bd8680ffaeb2 |website=Medium |access-date=21 August 2022 |language=en |date=18 April 2022}}</ref> using a magnetic sled on the seafloor of the impact region.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Carter |first1=Jamie |title=Astronomers plan to fish an interstellar meteorite out of the ocean using a massive magnet |url=https://www.livescience.com/interstellar-asteroid-fishing-expedition |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=livescience.com |date=9 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite arXiv</ref>
    • A study, that reanalyzes data used in a study by DeSilva et al. (2021), indicates that human brain size did not decrease over the last three thousand years as suggested by this study nor within 300 ka as suggested by other studies. It concludes that "the samples need to be specific enough to test the hypothesis across different times and populations".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Corless |first1=Victoria |title=No, the human brain did not shrink |url=https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/no-the-human-brain-did-not-shrink/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |work=Advanced Science News |date=18 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Villmoare |first1=Brian |last2=Grabowski |first2=Mark |title=Did the transition to complex societies in the Holocene drive a reduction in brain size? A reassessment of the DeSilva et al. (2021) hypothesis |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |date=2022 |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2022.963568 |issn=2296-701X|doi-access=free}}</ref>

August[edit]

File:Cascading global climate failure.jpg
1 August: Researchers report that the risk of climate change (indirectly) resulting in worldwide societal collapse, or possibly eventual human extinction, is a "dangerously underexplored" global topic.<ref name="10.1073/pnas.2108146119"/>
  • 1 August
    • A meta-analysis of policy studies concludes that international treaties that aim to foster global cooperation have mostly failed to produce their intended effects in addressing global challenges, with the exception of international trade and finance regulations. The study suggests enforcement mechanisms are the "only modifiable treaty design choice" with the potential to improve the effectiveness.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Most international treaties are ineffective, Canadian study finds |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/most-international-treaties-are-ineffective-canadian-study-finds-1.6013086 |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=CTVNews |date=3 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hoffman |first1=Steven J. |last2=Baral |first2=Prativa |last3=Rogers Van Katwyk |first3=Susan |last4=Sritharan |first4=Lathika |last5=Hughsam |first5=Matthew |last6=Randhawa |first6=Harkanwal |last7=Lin |first7=Gigi |last8=Campbell |first8=Sophie |last9=Campus |first9=Brooke |last10=Dantas |first10=Maria |last11=Foroughian |first11=Neda |last12=Groux |first12=Gaëlle |last13=Gunn |first13=Elliot |last14=Guyatt |first14=Gordon |last15=Habibi |first15=Roojin |last16=Karabit |first16=Mina |last17=Karir |first17=Aneesh |last18=Kruja |first18=Krista |last19=Lavis |first19=John N. |authorlink19=John Lavis |last20=Lee |first20=Olivia |last21=Li |first21=Binxi |last22=Nagi |first22=Ranjana |last23=Naicker |first23=Kiyuri |last24=Røttingen |first24=John-Arne |last25=Sahar |first25=Nicola |last26=Srivastava |first26=Archita |last27=Tejpar |first27=Ali |last28=Tran |first28=Maxwell |last29=Zhang |first29=Yu-qing |last30=Zhou |first30=Qi |last31=Poirier |first31=Mathieu J. P. |title=International treaties have mostly failed to produce their intended effects |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=9 August 2022 |volume=119 |issue=32 |pages=e2122854119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2122854119 |pmid=35914153 |pmc=9372541 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11922854H |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Do international treaties actually work? Study says they mostly don't |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-08-international-treaties-dont.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=York University |language=en}}</ref>
    • The discovery of a super-Earth around the red dwarf star Ross 508 is reported. Part of the planet's elliptical orbit takes it within the habitable zone.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Super-Earth Skimming Habitable Zone of Red Dwarf |url=https://www.nao.ac.jp/en/news/science/2022/20220801-subaru.html |access-date=10 August 2022|date=1 August 2022 |website=National Astronomical Observatory of Japan}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Harakawa |first1=Hiroki |last2=Takarada |first2=Takuya |last3=Kasagi |first3=Yui |display-authors=et al. |title=A super-Earth orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 508 |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |date=4 August 2022 |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=904–922 |doi=10.1093/pasj/psac044 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • Researchers report that the risk of climate change (indirectly) resulting in worldwide societal collapse, or possibly eventual human extinction, is a "dangerously underexplored" global topic, despite there being indications of such being possible as worst-case scenarios and "integrated catastrophe assessment" missing.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate endgame: risk of human extinction 'dangerously underexplored' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/aug/01/climate-endgame-risk-human-extinction-scientists-global-heating-catastrophe |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=1 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="10.1073/pnas.2108146119">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kemp |first1=Luke |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Depledge |first3=Joanna |last4=Ebi |first4=Kristie L. |authorlink4=Kristie Ebi |last5=Gibbins |first5=Goodwin |last6=Kohler |first6=Timothy A. |last7=Rockström |first7=Johan |authorlink7=Johan Rockström |last8=Scheffer |first8=Marten |authorlink8=Marten Scheffer |last9=Schellnhuber |first9=Hans Joachim |authorlink9=Hans Joachim Schellnhuber |last10=Steffen |first10=Will |last11=Lenton |first11=Timothy M. |title=Climate Endgame: Exploring catastrophic climate change scenarios |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=23 August 2022 |volume=119 |issue=34 |pages=e2108146119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2108146119 |pmid=35914185 |pmc=9407216 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11908146K |language=en |issn=0027-8424 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • Israeli researchers report Template:Tooltip of first stem-cell derived synthetic embryos,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal||last1=Tarazi|first1=Shadi|last2=Aguilera-Castrejon|first2=Alejandro|last3=Joubran|first3=Carine|last4=Ghanem|first4=Nadir|last5=Ashouokhi|first5=Shahd|last6=Roncato|first6=Francesco|last7=Wildschutz|first7=Emilie|last8=Haddad|first8=Montaser|last9=Oldak|first9=Bernardo|last10=Gomez-Cesar|first10=Elidet|last11=Livnat|first11=Nir|last12=Viukov|first12=Sergey|last13=Lokshtanov|first13=Dmitry|last14=Naveh-Tassa|first14=Segev|last15=Rose|first15=Max|date=1 September 2022|title=Post-gastrulation synthetic embryos generated ex utero from mouse naive ESCs|journal=Cell|language=English|volume=185|issue=18|pages=3290–3306.e25|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.028|issn=0092-8674|pmc=9439721|pmid=35988542|doi-access=free|last16=Hanna|first16=Suhair|last17=Raanan|first17=Calanit|last18=Brenner|first18=Ori|last19=Kedmi|first19=Merav|last20=Keren-Shaul|first20=Hadas|last21=Lapidot|first21=Tsvee|last22=Maza|first22=Itay|last23=Novershtern|first23=Noa|last24=Hanna|first24=Jacob H.}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> which are "organ-filled" and were grown solely from mouse embryonic stem cells, without sperm or eggs or a uterus, with natural-like development and some surviving until day 8.5 where early organogenesis, including formation of foundations of a brain, occurs.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||title=Scientists create world's first 'synthetic embryos'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/aug/03/scientists-create-worlds-first-synthetic-embryos%7Caccess-date=16 September 2022|work=The Guardian|date=3 August 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> They grew in vitro and subsequently ex utero in an artificial womb devised in the year before by the same team.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • 2 August
    • Scientists conclude that the overall transgressed (see 18 January) planetary boundary for "novel entities" (NEs) is a placeholder for multiple different boundaries for NEs that may emerge, reporting that PFAS pollution is one such new boundary. They show that levels of these so-called "forever chemicals" in rainwater are ubiquitously, and often greatly, above guideline safe levels worldwide.<ref name="bbc62391069">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Pollution: 'Forever chemicals' in rainwater exceed safe levels |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62391069 |access-date=14 September 2022 |work=BBC News |date=2 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cousins |first1=Ian T. |last2=Johansson |first2=Jana H. |last3=Salter |first3=Matthew E. |last4=Sha |first4=Bo |last5=Scheringer |first5=Martin |title=Outside the Safe Operating Space of a New Planetary Boundary for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |date=16 August 2022 |volume=56 |issue=16 |pages=11172–11179 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.2c02765 |pmid=35916421 |pmc=9387091 |bibcode=2022EnST...5611172C |language=en |issn=0013-936X|doi-access=free}}</ref> There are moves to restrict and replace their use.<ref name="bbc62391069"/>
      On 18 August, a simple method of breaking down these chemicals once they have been pulled out of contaminated water or soil<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |title=Forever Chemicals No More? PFAS Are Destroyed With New Technique |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/18/science/pfas-forever-chemicals.html |access-date=14 September 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=18 August 2022}}</ref> is described.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=PFAS: Possible breakthrough to destroy harmful 'forever chemicals' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-62561756 |date=19 August 2022|access-date=19 August 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Trang |first1=Brittany |last2=Li |first2=Yuli |last3=Xue |first3=Xiao-Song |last4=Ateia |first4=Mohamed |last5=Houk |first5=K. N. |last6=Dichtel |first6=William R. |title=Low-temperature mineralization of perfluorocarboxylic acids |journal=Science |date=19 August 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6608 |pages=839–845 |doi=10.1126/science.abm8868 |pmid=35981038 |bibcode=2022Sci...377..839T |s2cid=251670491 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm8868 |issn=1095-9203|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
    • A preprint<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=David |first1=Leonard |title=On the trail of unidentified aerial phenomenon: the Galileo Project looks ahead |url=https://www.space.com/galileo-project-uap-ufos-one-year-update |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Space.com |date=23 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> describes the donations-funded plans of The Galileo Project in detail: a systematic scientific research program searching for (signs of) extraterrestrial technological civilizations (ETCs) on and near Earth.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • 3 August – Scientists report an organ perfusion system that can restore, i.e. on the cellular level, multiple vital (pig) organs one hour after death (during which the body had warm ischaemia),<ref name="bbc62406350">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Pig organs partially revived hour after death |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-62406350 |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=BBC News |date=3 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Andrijevic |first1=David |last2=Vrselja |first2=Zvonimir |last3=Lysyy |first3=Taras |last4=Zhang |first4=Shupei |last5=Skarica |first5=Mario |last6=Spajic |first6=Ana |last7=Dellal |first7=David |last8=Thorn |first8=Stephanie L. |last9=Duckrow |first9=Robert B. |last10=Ma |first10=Shaojie |last11=Duy |first11=Phan Q. |last12=Isiktas |first12=Atagun U. |last13=Liang |first13=Dan |last14=Li |first14=Mingfeng |last15=Kim |first15=Suel-Kee |last16=Daniele |first16=Stefano G. |last17=Banu |first17=Khadija |last18=Perincheri |first18=Sudhir |last19=Menon |first19=Madhav C. |last20=Huttner |first20=Anita |last21=Sheth |first21=Kevin N. |last22=Gobeske |first22=Kevin T. |last23=Tietjen |first23=Gregory T. |last24=Zaveri |first24=Hitten P. |last25=Latham |first25=Stephen R. |last26=Sinusas |first26=Albert J. |last27=Sestan |first27=Nenad |title=Cellular recovery after prolonged warm ischaemia of the whole body |journal=Nature |date=August 2022 |volume=608 |issue=7922 |pages=405–412 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05016-1 |pmid=35922506 |pmc=9518831 |bibcode=2022Natur.608..405A |s2cid=251316299 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362458029 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref> after reporting a similar method/system for reviving (pig) brains hours after death in 2019.<ref name="bbc62406350"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vrselja |first1=Zvonimir |last2=Daniele |first2=Stefano G. |last3=Silbereis |first3=John |last4=Talpo |first4=Francesca |last5=Morozov |first5=Yury M. |last6=Sousa |first6=André M. M. |last7=Tanaka |first7=Brian S. |last8=Skarica |first8=Mario |last9=Pletikos |first9=Mihovil |last10=Kaur |first10=Navjot |last11=Zhuang |first11=Zhen W. |last12=Liu |first12=Zhao |last13=Alkawadri |first13=Rafeed |last14=Sinusas |first14=Albert J. |last15=Latham |first15=Stephen R. |last16=Waxman |first16=Stephen G. |last17=Sestan |first17=Nenad |title=Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours post-mortem |journal=Nature |date=April 2019 |volume=568 |issue=7752 |pages=336–343 |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1099-1 |pmid=30996318 |pmc=6844189 |bibcode=2019Natur.568..336V |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> This could be used to preserve donor organs or for revival in medical emergencies.<ref name="bbc62406350"/>
  • 4 August – Lab-made cartilage gel based on a synthetic hydrogel composite is found to have greater strength and wear resistance than natural cartilage, which could enable the durable resurfacing of damaged articulating joints.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Hydrogel that outperforms cartilage could be in human knees in 2023 |url=https://newatlas.com/medical/hydrogel-outperforms-natural-cartilage/ |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=New Atlas |date=15 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=A Synthetic Hydrogel Composite with a Strength and Wear Resistance Greater than Cartilage |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202205662 |access-date=4 August 2022|date=14 August 2022 |journal=Advanced Functional Materials|doi=10.1002/adfm.202205662 |last1=Zhao |first1=Jiacheng |last2=Tong |first2=Huayu |last3=Kirillova |first3=Alina |last4=Koshut |first4=William J. |last5=Malek |first5=Andrew |last6=Brigham |first6=Natasha C. |last7=Becker |first7=Matthew L. |last8=Gall |first8=Ken |last9=Wiley |first9=Benjamin J. |volume=32 |issue=41 |s2cid=251417385 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 8 August
    • Researchers provide a dataset of standardized calculated detailed environmental impacts of >57,000 circulating food products, potentially e.g. informing consumers or policy.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=These are the UK supermarket items with the worst environmental impact |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2332392-these-are-the-uk-supermarket-items-with-the-worst-environmental-impact/ |access-date=14 September 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Clark |first1=Michael |last2=Springmann |first2=Marco |last3=Rayner |first3=Mike |last4=Scarborough |first4=Peter |last5=Hill |first5=Jason |last6=Tilman |first6=David |last7=Macdiarmid |first7=Jennie I. |last8=Fanzo |first8=Jessica |last9=Bandy |first9=Lauren |last10=Harrington |first10=Richard A. |title=Estimating the environmental impacts of 57,000 food products |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=16 August 2022 |volume=119 |issue=33 |pages=e2120584119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2120584119 |pmid=35939701 |pmc=9388151 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11920584C |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • A study Template:Tooltip the large extent of climate change impacts on infectious diseases.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate impacts have worsened vast range of human diseases |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/aug/08/climate-crisis-study-human-diseases |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=8 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mora |first1=Camilo |last2=McKenzie |first2=Tristan |last3=Gaw |first3=Isabella M. |last4=Dean |first4=Jacqueline M. |last5=von Hammerstein |first5=Hannah |last6=Knudson |first6=Tabatha A. |last7=Setter |first7=Renee O. |last8=Smith |first8=Charlotte Z. |last9=Webster |first9=Kira M. |last10=Patz |first10=Jonathan A. |last11=Franklin |first11=Erik C. |title=Over half of known human pathogenic diseases can be aggravated by climate change |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=September 2022 |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=869–875 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01426-1 |pmid=35968032 |pmc=9362357 |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..869M |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}</ref>
    • The creation of artificial neurons that can receive and release dopamine (chemical signals rather than electrical signals) and communicate with natural rat muscle and brain cells is reported, with potential for use in BCIs/prosthetics.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Artificial neuron swaps dopamine with rat brain cells like a real one |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2332554-artificial-neuron-swaps-dopamine-with-rat-brain-cells-like-a-real-one/ |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Ting |last2=Wang |first2=Ming |last3=Wang |first3=Jianwu |last4=Yang |first4=Le |last5=Ren |first5=Xueyang |last6=Song |first6=Gang |last7=Chen |first7=Shisheng |last8=Yuan |first8=Yuehui |last9=Liu |first9=Ruiqing |last10=Pan |first10=Liang |last11=Li |first11=Zheng |last12=Leow |first12=Wan Ru |last13=Luo |first13=Yifei |last14=Ji |first14=Shaobo |last15=Cui |first15=Zequn |last16=He |first16=Ke |last17=Zhang |first17=Feilong |last18=Lv |first18=Fengting |last19=Tian |first19=Yuanyuan |last20=Cai |first20=Kaiyu |last21=Yang |first21=Bowen |last22=Niu |first22=Jingyi |last23=Zou |first23=Haochen |last24=Liu |first24=Songrui |last25=Xu |first25=Guoliang |last26=Fan |first26=Xing |last27=Hu |first27=Benhui |last28=Loh |first28=Xian Jun |last29=Wang |first29=Lianhui |last30=Chen |first30=Xiaodong |title=A chemically mediated artificial neuron |journal=Nature Electronics |date=8 August 2022 |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=586–595 |doi=10.1038/s41928-022-00803-0 |hdl=10356/163240 |s2cid=251464760 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362561968 |language=en |issn=2520-1131|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
    • A screening AI system for many cancer types that integrates different types of data via multimodal learning is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Quach |first1=Katyanna |title=Harvard boffins build multimodal AI system to predict cancer |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/08/09/ai_cancer_multimodal/ |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=The Register |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chen |first1=Richard J. |last2=Lu |first2=Ming Y. |last3=Williamson |first3=Drew F. K. |last4=Chen |first4=Tiffany Y. |last5=Lipkova |first5=Jana |last6=Noor |first6=Zahra |last7=Shaban |first7=Muhammad |last8=Shady |first8=Maha |last9=Williams |first9=Mane |last10=Joo |first10=Bumjin |last11=Mahmood |first11=Faisal |title=Pan-cancer integrative histology-genomic analysis via multimodal deep learning |journal=Cancer Cell |date=8 August 2022 |volume=40 |issue=8 |pages=865–878.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2022.07.004 |pmid=35944502 |s2cid=251456162 |language=English |issn=1535-6108}}
  • Teaching hospital press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=New AI technology integrates multiple data types to predict cancer outcomes |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-ai-technology-multiple-cancer-outcomes.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Brigham and Women's Hospital via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
File:Alstom Coradia iLint 'Hydrail' auf der InnoTrans 2016 in Berlin.jpg
24 August: The first rail line entirely run by hydrogen-powered trains debuts in Germany.
  • 10 August – 2022 monkeypox outbreak: Evidence of human-to-dog transmission is reported.<ref name="sciencenewsinfection-animal-spillover">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox infected a dog. Which animals may be next? |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/monkeypox-dog-infection-animal-spillover |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Science News |date=17 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Seang |first1=Sophie |last2=Burrel |first2=Sonia |last3=Todesco |first3=Eve |last4=Leducq |first4=Valentin |last5=Monsel |first5=Gentiane |last6=Pluart |first6=Diane Le |last7=Cordevant |first7=Christophe |last8=Pourcher |first8=Valérie |last9=Palich |first9=Romain |title=Evidence of human-to-dog transmission of monkeypox virus |journal=The Lancet |date=27 August 2022 |volume=400 |issue=10353 |pages=658–659 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01487-8 |pmid=35963267 |pmc=9536767 |s2cid=251475955 |language=English |issn=0140-6736}}</ref>
    On 4 August, a preprint reports that early post-exposure ring vaccination despite high efficacy "did not completely prevent breakthrough infections".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How effective is the monkeypox vaccine? Scientists scramble for clues as trials ramp up |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/how-effective-monkeypox-vaccine-scientists-scramble-clues-trials-ramp |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Science |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||website=medRxiv |last1=Thy |first1=Michael |last2=Peiffer-Smadja |first2=Nathan |last3=Mailhe |first3=Morgane |last4=Kramer |first4=Laura |last5=Ferré |first5=Valentine Marie |last6=Houhou-Fidouh |first6=Nadhira |last7=Tarhini |first7=Hassan |last8=Bertin |first8=Chloé |last9=Beaumont |first9=Anne-Lise |display-authors=et al. |title=Breakthrough infections after post-exposure vaccination against Monkeypox |url=https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.22278233v1 |pages=2022.08.03.22278233 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.08.03.22278233 |date=4 August 2022|s2cid=251315495 }}</ref>
    On 15 August, a preprint suggests the virus has potential to infect Template:Tooltip.<ref name="sciencenewsinfection-animal-spillover"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||website=bioRxiv |last1=Blagrove |first1=Marcus SC |last2=Pilgrim |first2=Jack |last3=Kotsiri |first3=Aurelia |last4=Hui |first4=Melody |last5=Baylis |first5=Matthew |last6=Wardeh |first6=Maya |title=Monkeypox virus shows potential to infect a diverse range of native animal species across Europe, indicating high risk of becoming endemic in the region |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.13.503846v1.full |pages=2022.08.13.503846 |language=en |doi=10.1101/2022.08.13.503846 |date=15 August 2022|s2cid=251647366 }}</ref>
    On 16 August, a review recommends a 'living guideline' framework for needed clinical management research.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study highlights the lack of evidence-based clinical management guidelines for monkeypox |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220818/Study-highlights-the-lack-of-evidence-based-clinical-management-guidelines-for-monkeypox.aspx |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=18 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Webb |first1=Eika |last2=Rigby |first2=Ishmeala |last3=Michelen |first3=Melina |last4=Dagens |first4=Andrew |last5=Cheng |first5=Vincent |last6=Rojek |first6=Amanda M. |last7=Dahmash |first7=Dania |last8=Khader |first8=Susan |last9=Gedela |first9=Keerti |last10=Norton |first10=Alice |last11=Cevik |first11=Muge |last12=Cai |first12=Erhui |last13=Harriss |first13=Eli |last14=Lipworth |first14=Samuel |last15=Nartowski |first15=Robert |last16=Groves |first16=Helen |last17=Hart |first17=Peter |last18=Blumberg |first18=Lucille |last19=Fletcher |first19=Tom |last20=Jacob |first20=Shevin T. |last21=Sigfrid |first21=Louise |last22=Horby |first22=Peter W. |title=Availability, scope and quality of monkeypox clinical management guidelines globally: a systematic review |journal=BMJ Global Health |date=1 August 2022 |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=e009838 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009838 |pmid=35973747 |pmc=9472169 |language=en |issn=2059-7908}}</ref>
    On 19 August, a CDC study summarizes current knowledge about the transmission of monkeypox.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monkeypox virus detected on household items |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220829/Monkeypox-virus-detected-on-household-items.aspx |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=29 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pfeiffer |first1=Jack A. |title=High-Contact Object and Surface Contamination in a Household of Persons with Monkeypox Virus Infection — Utah, June 2022 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=2022 |volume=71 |issue=34 |pages=1092–1094 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7134e1 |pmid=36006842 |pmc=9422960 |language=en-us |issn=0149-2195}}</ref>
    Wastewater surveillance, which substantially expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic is used to detect monkeypox,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Wastewater surveillance becomes more targeted in search for poliovirus, monkeypox and coronavirus |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/wastewater-surveillance-becomes-more-targeted-in-search-for-poliovirus-monkeypox-and-coronavirus/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Payne |first1=Aaron |last2=Kreidler |first2=Mark |title=COVID sewage surveillance labs join the hunt for monkeypox |url=https://woub.org/2022/08/08/covid-sewage-surveillance-labs-join-the-hunt-for-monkeypox/ |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=WOUB Public Media |date=8 August 2022}}</ref> with one team of researchers describing their qualitative detection method on 31 August.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=de Jonge |first1=Eline F. |last2=Peterse |first2=Céline M. |last3=Koelewijn |first3=Jaap M. |last4=van der Drift |first4=Anne-Merel R. |last5=van der Beek |first5=Rudolf F. H. J. |last6=Nagelkerke |first6=Erwin |last7=Lodder |first7=Willemijn J. |title=The detection of monkeypox virus DNA in wastewater samples in the Netherlands |journal=Science of the Total Environment |date=15 December 2022 |volume=852 |pages=158265 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158265 |pmid=36057309 |pmc=9558568 |bibcode=2022ScTEn.852o8265D |language=en |issn=0048-9697|doi-access=free}}</ref>
File:Hot Gas Giant Exoplanet WASP-39 b (NIRSpec Transmission Spectrum).png
25 August: The first clear evidence for carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of an exoplanet is revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope.
File:Turritopsis dohrnii.jpg
29 August: Scientists report the key molecular mechanisms of rejuvenation they found in a comparison of the newly presented genomes of the biologically immortal T. dohrnii and a similar but non-rejuvenating jellyfish.
  • 16 August – A university reports the release of 'Quad-SDK' which may be the first open source full-stack software for large agile four-legged robots, compatible with the ROS.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Video Friday: Grip Anything |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/video-friday-grip-everything |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=IEEE Spectrum |date=29 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>Template:Better source needed<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Norby |first1=Joseph |last2=Yang |first2=Yanhao |last3=Tajbakhsh |first3=Ardalan |last4=Ren |first4=Jiming |last5=Yim |first5=Justin K. |last6=Stutt |first6=Alexandra |last7=Yu |first7=Qishun |last8=Flowers |first8=Nikolai |last9=Johnson |first9=Aaron M. |title=Quad-SDK: Full Stack Software Framework for Agile Quadrupedal Locomotion |url=https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/amj1/papers/Quad_SDK_ICRA_Abstract.pdf |date=May 2022|access-date=18 September 2022}}</ref>
  • 17 August
    • A report by Global Forest Watch, using new data,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tyukavina |first1=Alexandra |last2=Potapov |first2=Peter |last3=Hansen |first3=Matthew C. |last4=Pickens |first4=Amy H. |last5=Stehman |first5=Stephen V. |last6=Turubanova |first6=Svetlana |last7=Parker |first7=Diana |last8=Zalles |first8=Viviana |last9=Lima |first9=André |last10=Kommareddy |first10=Indrani |last11=Song |first11=Xiao-Peng |last12=Wang |first12=Lei |last13=Harris |first13=Nancy |title=Global Trends of Forest Loss Due to Fire From 2001 to 2019 |journal=Frontiers in Remote Sensing |date=2022 |volume=3 |doi=10.3389/frsen.2022.825190 |issn=2673-6187|doi-access=free}}</ref> concludes that the amount of tree cover being burned has nearly doubled in the past 20 years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Climate change: 'Staggering' rate of global tree losses from fires |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-62569394 |access-date=17 August 2022|date=17 August 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Two Decades of Fire-Driven Loss in Unprecedented Detail | GFW |url=https://www.globalforestwatch.org/blog/fires/trends-tree-loss-from-fires-unprecedented-detail/ |website=Global Forest Watch Content |access-date=16 September 2022 |date=17 August 2022}}</ref>
    • The Nadir crater, likely the result of a second, smaller asteroid that struck Template:Tooltip, is identified and described by researchers.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Scientists discover a 5-mile wide undersea crater created as the dinosaurs disappeared |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/17/africa/asteroid-crater-west-africa-scn/index.html |access-date=18 August 2022|date=18 August 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=The Nadir Crater offshore West Africa: A candidate Cretaceous-Paleogene impact structure |date=17 August 2022 |journal=Science Advances|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abn3096 |last1=Nicholson |first1=Uisdean |last2=Bray |first2=Veronica J. |last3=Gulick |first3=Sean P. S. |last4=Aduomahor |first4=Benedict |volume=8 |issue=33 |pages=eabn3096 |pmid=35977017 |pmc=9385158 |bibcode=2022SciA....8N3096N |doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • Geologists warn that the world is "woefully underprepared" for a massive volcanic eruption. They estimate a one-in-six chance of a magnitude seven explosion in the next one hundred years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Risk of volcano catastrophe 'a roll of the dice', say experts |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/961728 |date=17 August 2022|access-date=18 August 2022 |work=University of Cambridge via EurekAlert!}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cassidy |first1=Michael |last2=Mani |first2=Lara |title=Huge volcanic eruptions: time to prepare |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-02177-x |journal=Nature |access-date=16 September 2022 |pages=469–471 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-02177-x |date=August 2022|volume=608 |issue=7923 |pmid=35978116 |bibcode=2022Natur.608..469C |s2cid=251645203 }}</ref>
    • Researchers report the development of floating artificial leaves for light-driven hydrogen and syngas fuel production. The lightweight, flexible devices are scalable and can float on water similar to lotus leaves.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Floating artificial leaf converts energy from sunlight into fuel |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2334240-floating-artificial-leaf-converts-energy-from-sunlight-into-fuel/ |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Andrei |first1=Virgil |last2=Ucoski |first2=Geani M. |last3=Pornrungroj |first3=Chanon |last4=Uswachoke |first4=Chawit |last5=Wang |first5=Qian |last6=Achilleos |first6=Demetra S. |last7=Kasap |first7=Hatice |last8=Sokol |first8=Katarzyna P. |last9=Jagt |first9=Robert A. |last10=Lu |first10=Haijiao |last11=Lawson |first11=Takashi |last12=Wagner |first12=Andreas |last13=Pike |first13=Sebastian D. |last14=Wright |first14=Dominic S. |last15=Hoye |first15=Robert L. Z. |display-authors=10 |date=2022-08-17 |title=Floating perovskite-BiVO4 devices for scalable solar fuel production |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362753722 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=608 |issue=7923 |pages=518–522 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04978-6 |pmid=35978127 |bibcode=2022Natur.608..518A |s2cid=251645379 |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Floating 'artificial leaves' ride the wave of clean fuel production |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-08-artificial-fuel-production.html |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=University of Cambridge |language=en}}</ref>

Template:Multiple image

  • 18 August
    • A weak spot in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is described by researchers, which an antibody fragment called VH Ab6 can attach to, potentially neutralising all major variants of the virus.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=UBC researchers discover 'weak spot' across major COVID-19 variants |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/962037 |date=18 August 2022|access-date=19 August 2022 |website=EurekAlert!}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mannar |first1=Dhiraj |last2=Saville |first2=James W. |last3=Sun |first3=Zehua |last4=Zhu |first4=Xing |last5=Marti |first5=Michelle M. |last6=Srivastava |first6=Shanti S. |last7=Berezuk |first7=Alison M. |last8=Zhou |first8=Steven |last9=Tuttle |first9=Katharine S. |last10=Sobolewski |first10=Michele D. |last11=Kim |first11=Andrew |last12=Treat |first12=Benjamin R. |last13=Da Silva Castanha |first13=Priscila Mayrelle |last14=Jacobs |first14=Jana L. |last15=Barratt-Boyes |first15=Simon M. |last16=Mellors |first16=John W. |last17=Dimitrov |first17=Dimiter S. |last18=Li |first18=Wei |last19=Subramaniam |first19=Sriram |title=SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: spike protein mutational analysis and epitope for broad neutralization |journal=Nature Communications |date=18 August 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=4696 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-32262-8|pmid=35982054 |pmc=9388680 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.4696M |doi-access=free}}</ref> On 11 August, researchers report a single antibody, SP1-77, that could potentially neutralize all known variants of the virus via a novel mechanism, not by not preventing the virus from binding to ACE2 receptors but by blocking it from fusing with host cells' membranes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New Antibody Neutralizes All Known COVID-19 Variants |url=https://www.iflscience.com/new-antibody-neutralizes-all-known-covid-19-variants-64956 |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=IFLScience |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Luo |first1=Sai |last2=Zhang |first2=Jun |last3=Kreutzberger |first3=Alex J.B. |last4=Eaton |first4=Amanda |last5=Edwards |first5=Robert J. |last6=Jing |first6=Changbin |last7=Dai |first7=Hai-Qiang |last8=Sempowski |first8=Gregory D. |last9=Cronin |first9=Kenneth |last10=Parks |first10=Robert |last11=Ye |first11=Adam Yongxin |last12=Mansouri |first12=Katayoun |last13=Barr |first13=Maggie |last14=Pishesha |first14=Novalia |last15=Williams |first15=Aimee Chapdelaine |last16=Vieira Francisco |first16=Lucas |last17=Saminathan |first17=Anand |last18=Peng |first18=Hanqin |last19=Batra |first19=Himanshu |last20=Bellusci |first20=Lorenza |last21=Khurana |first21=Surender |last22=Alam |first22=S. Munir |last23=Montefiori |first23=David C. |last24=Saunders |first24=Kevin O. |last25=Tian |first25=Ming |last26=Ploegh |first26=Hidde |last27=Kirchhausen |first27=Tom |last28=Chen |first28=Bing |last29=Haynes |first29=Barton F. |last30=Alt |first30=Frederick W. |title=An Antibody from Single Human VH-rearranging Mouse Neutralizes All SARS-CoV-2 Variants Through BA.5 by Inhibiting Membrane Fusion |journal=Science Immunology |date=11 August 2022 |volume=7 |issue=76 |pages=eadd5446 |doi=10.1126/sciimmunol.add5446 |pmid=35951767 |pmc=9407951 |language=en |issn=2470-9468|doi-access=free}}
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=One for All? |url=https://hms.harvard.edu/news/one-all |access-date=16 September 2022 |work=Harvard Medical School |language=en}}</ref>
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite web ||title=Bioengineering: Better photosynthesis increases yields in food crops |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220818141733.htm |date=18 August 2022|access-date=21 August 2022 |work=University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign via Science Daily}}</ref>
  • 20 August – A GBD systematic analysis reports the (non)progress on cancer and its causes during the 2010-19 decade, with ~44% of all cancer deaths in 2019 – or ~4.5 M deaths or ~105 million lost DALYs – due to known clearly preventable risk factors (contributions), led by smoking, alcohol use and high BMI.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Tobacco, alcohol are main causes of cancer worldwide: Study |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-tobacco-alcohol-main-cancer-worldwide.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tran |first1=Khanh Bao |last2=Lang |first2=Justin J. |last3=Compton |first3=Kelly |last4=Xu |first4=Rixing |last5=Acheson |first5=Alistair R. |last6=Henrikson |first6=Hannah Jacqueline |last7=Kocarnik |first7=Jonathan M. |last8=Penberthy |first8=Louise |last9=Aali |first9=Amirali |last10=Abbas |first10=Qamar |display-authors=et al. |title=The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 |journal=The Lancet |date=20 August 2022 |volume=400 |issue=10352 |pages=563–591 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01438-6 |pmid=35988567 |pmc=9395583 |language=English |issn=0140-6736|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 22 August
    • A university reports the development of a driver isolation framework to protect operating system kernels, primarily the monolithic Linux kernel which gets ~80,000 commits/year to its drivers, from defects and vulnerabilities in device drivers,<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Huang |first1=Yongzhe |last2=Narayanan |first2=Vikram |last3=Detweiler |first3=David |last4=Huang |first4=Kaiming |last5=Tan |first5=Gang |last6=Jaeger |first6=Trent |last7=Burtsev |first7=Anton |title=KSplit: Automating Device Driver Isolation |url=https://mars-research.github.io/doc/ksplit-osdi22.pdf |access-date=15 September 2022 |date=2022}}</ref> with the Mars Research Group developers describing this lack of isolation as one of the main factors undermining kernel security.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Fine-grained kernel isolation |url=https://mars-research.github.io/projects/kernel-isolation/ |website=mars-research.github.io |access-date=15 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
    • Scientists demonstrate that tACS brain stimulation can, depending on the frequency, for one month improve (either) short-term memory or long-term memory in 65–88-years-old people.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=LaMotte |first1=Sandee |title=Brain stimulation improves short-term memory in older adults, study finds |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/22/health/brain-stimulation-memory-wellness/index.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Grover |first1=Shrey |last2=Wen |first2=Wen |last3=Viswanathan |first3=Vighnesh |last4=Gill |first4=Christopher T. |last5=Reinhart |first5=Robert M. G. |title=Long-lasting, dissociable improvements in working memory and long-term memory in older adults with repetitive neuromodulation |journal=Nature Neuroscience |date=September 2022 |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=1237–1246 |doi=10.1038/s41593-022-01132-3 |pmid=35995877 |pmc=10068908 |s2cid=251742309 |language=en |issn=1546-1726}}</ref>
    • Scientists report a so far unique and unknown feature of material VO2 – it can "remember" previous external stimuli (via structural rather than electronic states), with potential for e.g. data storage.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Researchers discover a material that can learn like the brain |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-08-material-brain.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Samizadeh Nikoo |first1=Mohammad |last2=Soleimanzadeh |first2=Reza |last3=Krammer |first3=Anna |last4=Migliato Marega |first4=Guilherme |last5=Park |first5=Yunkyu |last6=Son |first6=Junwoo |last7=Schueler |first7=Andreas |last8=Kis |first8=Andras |last9=Moll |first9=Philip J. W. |last10=Matioli |first10=Elison |title=Electrical control of glass-like dynamics in vanadium dioxide for data storage and processing |journal=Nature Electronics |date=22 August 2022 |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=596–603 |doi=10.1038/s41928-022-00812-z |s2cid=251759964 |language=en |issn=2520-1131|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-022-00812-z%7Curl-access=subscription}}</ref>
    • A university reports the first successful transplantation of an organoid into a human, first announced on 7 July,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=World's first mini organ transportation to a patient with ulcerative colitis |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-world-mini-patient-ulcerative-colitis.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Tokyo Medical and Dental University via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref>Template:Additional citation needed with the underlying study being published in February.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Watanabe |first1=Satoshi |last2=Kobayashi |first2=Sakurako |last3=Ogasawara |first3=Nobuhiko |last4=Okamoto |first4=Ryuichi |last5=Nakamura |first5=Tetsuya |last6=Watanabe |first6=Mamoru |last7=Jensen |first7=Kim B. |last8=Yui |first8=Shiro |title=Transplantation of intestinal organoids into a mouse model of colitis |journal=Nature Protocols |date=March 2022 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=649–671 |doi=10.1038/s41596-021-00658-3 |pmid=35110738 |s2cid=246488596 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-021-00658-3 |language=en |issn=1750-2799|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 23 August
    • A study reports that look-alike humans have genetic similarities, sharing genes affecting not only the face but also some phenotypes of physique and behavior, also indicating that (their) differences in the epigenome and microbiome contribute only modestly to human variability in facial appearance.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Golembiewski |first1=Kate |last2=Brunelle |first2=François |title=Your Doppelgänger Is Out There and You Probably Share DNA With Them |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/23/science/doppelgangers-twins-dna.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Joshi |first1=Ricky S. |last2=Rigau |first2=Maria |last3=García-Prieto |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Moura |first4=Manuel Castro de |last5=Piñeyro |first5=David |last6=Moran |first6=Sebastian |last7=Davalos |first7=Veronica |last8=Carrión |first8=Pablo |last9=Ferrando-Bernal |first9=Manuel |last10=Olalde |first10=Iñigo |last11=Lalueza-Fox |first11=Carles |last12=Navarro |first12=Arcadi |last13=Fernández-Tena |first13=Carles |last14=Aspandi |first14=Decky |last15=Sukno |first15=Federico M. |last16=Binefa |first16=Xavier |last17=Valencia |first17=Alfonso |last18=Esteller |first18=Manel |title=Look-alike humans identified by facial recognition algorithms show genetic similarities |journal=Cell Reports |date=23 August 2022 |volume=40 |issue=8 |page=111257 |doi=10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111257 |pmid=36001980 |language=English |issn=2211-1247|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • Researchers introduce the concept of 'false social reality' and substantiate it by showing that (a sample of) Americans widely underestimate general public support for climate change mitigation policies by a large margin.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Clifford |first1=Catherine |title=Americans don't think other Americans care about climate change as much as they do |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/24/americans-underestimate-how-much-their-peers-care-about-climate-change.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=CNBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sparkman |first1=Gregg |last2=Geiger |first2=Nathan |last3=Weber |first3=Elke U. |title=Americans experience a false social reality by underestimating popular climate policy support by nearly half |journal=Nature Communications |date=23 August 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=4779 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-32412-y |pmid=35999211 |pmc=9399177 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.4779S |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • A genome-wide association study meta-analysis reports genetic factors of, the so far uniquely human, language-related skills, in particular factors of differences in skill-levels of five tested traits. It e.g. identified association with neuroanatomy of a language-related brain area via neuroimaging correlation.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Massive genome study informs the biology of reading and language |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-massive-genome-biology-language.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Max Planck Society via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Eising |first1=Else |last2=Mirza-Schreiber |first2=Nazanin |last3=de Zeeuw |first3=Eveline L. |last4=Wang |first4=Carol A. |last5=Truong |first5=Dongnhu T. |last6=Allegrini |first6=Andrea G. |last7=Shapland |first7=Chin Yang |last8=Zhu |first8=Gu |last9=Wigg |first9=Karen G. |last10=Gerritse |first10=Margot L. |display-authors=et al. |title=Genome-wide analyses of individual differences in quantitatively assessed reading- and language-related skills in up to 34,000 people |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=30 August 2022 |volume=119 |issue=35 |pages=e2202764119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2202764119 |pmid=35998220 |pmc=9436320 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11902764E |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 24 August
    • The dugong is declared extinct in China.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Dugong: Animal that inspired mermaid tales extinct in China|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-62638485 |date=24 August 2022|access-date=24 August 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Functional extinction of dugongs in China|date=24 August 2022|journal=Royal Society Open Science|doi=10.1098/rsos.211994 |last1=Lin |first1=Mingli |last2=Turvey |first2=Samuel T. |last3=Han |first3=Chouting |last4=Huang |first4=Xiaoyu |last5=Mazaris |first5=Antonios D. |last6=Liu |first6=Mingming |last7=Ma |first7=Heidi |last8=Yang |first8=Zixin |last9=Tang |first9=Xiaoming |last10=Li |first10=Songhai |volume=9 |issue=8 |page=211994 |pmid=36016916 |pmc=9399689 |bibcode=2022RSOS....911994L }}</ref>
    • The first rail line entirely run by hydrogen-powered trains Template:Tooltip in Germany.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Buckley |first1=Julia |title=The world's first hydrogen-powered passenger trains are here |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/coradia-ilint-hydrogen-trains/index.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=CNN |language=en}}</ref>
  • 25 August
    • The first clear evidence for carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of an exoplanet is revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope. The planet, WASP-39b, is a hot Jupiter located ~700 light years from Earth.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=NASA's Webb Detects Carbon Dioxide in Exoplanet Atmosphere|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-detects-carbon-dioxide-in-exoplanet-atmosphere |date=25 August 2022|access-date=25 August 2022 |website=NASA}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=James Webb Space Telescope detects carbon dioxide in exoplanet atmosphere |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/962872 |date=25 August 2022|access-date=25 August 2022 |website=EurekAlert!}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ahrer |first1=Eva-Maria |last2=Alderson |first2=Lili |last3=Batalha |first3=Natalie M. |display-authors=et al. |title=Identification of carbon dioxide in an exoplanet atmosphere |journal=Nature |date=2 September 2022 |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=649–652 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05269-w |pmid=36055338 |pmc=9946830 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|arxiv=2208.11692|s2cid=251765232 }}</ref>
    • Researchers report the development of a highly effective CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing method without expensive viral vectors, enabling e.g. novel anti-cancer CAR-T cell therapies.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Williams |first1=Sarah |title=A cellular engineering breakthrough: High-yield CRISPR without viral vectors |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-08-cellular-breakthrough-high-yield-crispr-viral.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=Gladstone Institutes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Shy |first1=Brian R. |last2=Vykunta |first2=Vivasvan S. |last3=Ha |first3=Alvin |last4=Talbot |first4=Alexis |last5=Roth |first5=Theodore L. |last6=Nguyen |first6=David N. |last7=Pfeifer |first7=Wolfgang G. |last8=Chen |first8=Yan Yi |last9=Blaeschke |first9=Franziska |last10=Shifrut |first10=Eric |last11=Vedova |first11=Shane |last12=Mamedov |first12=Murad R. |last13=Chung |first13=Jing-Yi Jing |last14=Li |first14=Hong |last15=Yu |first15=Ruby |last16=Wu |first16=David |last17=Wolf |first17=Jeffrey |last18=Martin |first18=Thomas G. |last19=Castro |first19=Carlos E. |last20=Ye |first20=Lumeng |last21=Esensten |first21=Jonathan H. |last22=Eyquem |first22=Justin |last23=Marson |first23=Alexander |title=High-yield genome engineering in primary cells using a hybrid ssDNA repair template and small-molecule cocktails |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=25 August 2022 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=521–531 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01418-8 |pmid=36008610 |pmc=10065198 |s2cid=251843150 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362934064 |language=en |issn=1546-1696|pmc-embargo-date=February 25, 2024 }}</ref>
  • 26 August – Researchers report the development of greenhouses (or solar modules) by a startup that generate electricity from a portion of the spectrum of sunlight, allowing spectra that interior plants use to pass through.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Kempkens |first1=Wolfgang |title=Strom aus dem Gewächshaus |url=https://www.golem.de/news/saubere-energie-strom-aus-dem-gewaechshaus-2209-168042.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=Golem.de}}</ref>
  • 29 August
    • A study reports that in model animals, treatment with rapamycin – which typically has negative side-effects – for a limited timespan extended lifespan as much as life-long administration started at the same age and that it was most effective during early adulthood.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Exploring the brief use of rapamycin treatment in early adulthood to extend lifespan |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-08-exploring-rapamycin-treatment-early-adulthood.html |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=Max Planck Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Juricic |first1=Paula |last2=Lu |first2=Yu-Xuan |last3=Leech |first3=Thomas |last4=Drews |first4=Lisa F. |last5=Paulitz |first5=Jonathan |last6=Lu |first6=Jiongming |last7=Nespital |first7=Tobias |last8=Azami |first8=Sina |last9=Regan |first9=Jennifer C. |last10=Funk |first10=Emilie |last11=Fröhlich |first11=Jenny |last12=Grönke |first12=Sebastian |last13=Partridge |first13=Linda |title=Long-lasting geroprotection from brief rapamycin treatment in early adulthood by persistently increased intestinal autophagy |journal=Nature Aging |date=29 August 2022 |volume=2 |issue=9 |pages=824–836 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00278-w |pmid=37118497 |pmc=10154223 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • Scientists report the key molecular mechanisms of rejuvenation they found in a comparison of the newly presented genomes of the biologically immortal T. dohrnii and a similar but non-rejuvenating jellyfish, involving e.g. DNA replication and repair, and stem cell renewal.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Greenwood |first1=Veronique |title=This Jellyfish Can Live Forever. Its Genes May Tell Us How. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/06/science/immortal-jellyfish-gene-protein.html |access-date=22 September 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=6 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pascual-Torner |first1=Maria |last2=Carrero |first2=Dido |last3=Pérez-Silva |first3=José G. |last4=Álvarez-Puente |first4=Diana |last5=Roiz-Valle |first5=David |last6=Bretones |first6=Gabriel |last7=Rodríguez |first7=David |last8=Maeso |first8=Daniel |last9=Mateo-González |first9=Elena |last10=Español |first10=Yaiza |last11=Mariño |first11=Guillermo |last12=Acuña |first12=José Luis |last13=Quesada |first13=Víctor |last14=López-Otín |first14=Carlos |title=Comparative genomics of mortal and immortal cnidarians unveils novel keys behind rejuvenation |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=6 September 2022 |volume=119 |issue=36 |pages=e2118763119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2118763119 |pmid=36037356 |pmc=9459311 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11918763P |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>
    • After establishment of the Scientist Rebellion around March 2021, several researchers affiliated with the movement<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last1=Gardner |first1=Charlie |last2=Cox |first2=Emily |last3=Capstick |first3=Stuart |title=Extinction Rebellion scientists: Why we glued ourselves to a government department |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-04-extinction-rebellion-scientists-glued-department.html |website=phys.org |access-date=18 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> (six overall) argue for civil disobedience by colleagues in a commentary behind a paywall, hypothesizing that such may cause significant pro-climate net changes of public opinion due to "potential to cut through the myriad complexities and confusion" in the public, receiving substantial coverage by online text-based news media.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists call on colleagues to protest climate crisis with civil disobedience |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/aug/29/scientists-call-on-colleagues-to-protest-climate-crisis-with-civil-disobedience |access-date=18 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=29 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Capstick |first1=Stuart |last2=Thierry |first2=Aaron |last3=Cox |first3=Emily |last4=Berglund |first4=Oscar |last5=Westlake |first5=Steve |last6=Steinberger |first6=Julia K. |title=Civil disobedience by scientists helps press for urgent climate action |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=September 2022 |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=773–774 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01461-y |bibcode=2022NatCC..12..773C |s2cid=251912378 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-022-01461-y |language=en |issn=1758-6798|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 31 August

September[edit]

  • 1 SeptemberTemplate:Anchor
    • The James Webb Space Telescope takes its first direct images of a planet beyond our Solar System. The exoplanet, HIP 65426 b, is revealed in different bands of infrared light.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title='Historic' James Webb images show exoplanet in unprecedented detail |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/sep/01/historic-james-webb-images-show-exoplanet-unprecedented-detail |date=1 September 2022|access-date=1 September 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=NASA's Webb Takes Its First-Ever Direct Image of Distant World |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/09/01/nasas-webb-takes-its-first-ever-direct-image-of-distant-world/ |date=1 September 2022|access-date=1 September 2022 |website=NASA}}</ref>
    • Neuroscientists report the discovery of the axo-ciliary synapse – communication between serotonergic axons and antenna-like primary cilia of CA1 pyramidal neurons that Template:Tooltip.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Tamim |first1=Baba |title=New discovery: Synapse hiding in the mice brain may advance our understanding of neuronal communication |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-discovery-synapse-hiding-in-mice-brain |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=4 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sheu |first1=Shu-Hsien |last2=Upadhyayula |first2=Srigokul |last3=Dupuy |first3=Vincent |last4=Pang |first4=Song |last5=Deng |first5=Fei |last6=Wan |first6=Jinxia |last7=Walpita |first7=Deepika |last8=Pasolli |first8=H. Amalia |last9=Houser |first9=Justin |last10=Sanchez-Martinez |first10=Silvia |last11=Brauchi |first11=Sebastian E. |last12=Banala |first12=Sambashiva |last13=Freeman |first13=Melanie |last14=Xu |first14=C. Shan |last15=Kirchhausen |first15=Tom |last16=Hess |first16=Harald F. |last17=Lavis |first17=Luke |last18=Li |first18=Yulong |last19=Chaumont-Dubel |first19=Séverine |last20=Clapham |first20=David E. |title=A serotonergic axon-cilium synapse drives nuclear signaling to alter chromatin accessibility |journal=Cell |date=1 September 2022 |volume=185 |issue=18 |pages=3390–3407.e18 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.026 |pmid=36055200 |pmc=9789380 |s2cid=251958800 |language=English |issn=0092-8674}}
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists discover new kind of synapse in neurons' tiny hairs |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-09-scientists-kind-synapse-neurons-tiny.html |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=Howard Hughes Medical Institute via phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
    • Scientists elaborate a need for an evidence-based reform of regulation of genetically modified crops (moving from regulation based on characteristics of the development-process to characteristics of the product) in a paywalled article.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Gentechnik soll kein Grund mehr für Verbote von Nutzpflanzen sein |url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000138723609/gentechnik-soll-kein-grund-mehr-fuer-verbote-von-nutzpflanzen-sein |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=DER STANDARD |language=de-AT}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gould |first1=Fred |last2=Amasino |first2=Richard M. |last3=Brossard |first3=Dominique |last4=Buell |first4=C. Robin |last5=Dixon |first5=Richard A. |last6=Falck-Zepeda |first6=Jose B. |last7=Gallo |first7=Michael A. |last8=Giller |first8=Ken E. |last9=Glenna |first9=Leland L. |last10=Griffin |first10=Timothy |last11=Magraw |first11=Daniel |last12=Mallory-Smith |first12=Carol |last13=Pixley |first13=Kevin V. |last14=Ransom |first14=Elizabeth P. |last15=Stelly |first15=David M. |last16=Stewart |first16=C. Neal |title=Toward product-based regulation of crops |journal=Science |date=2 September 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6610 |pages=1051–1053 |doi=10.1126/science.abo3034 |pmid=36048940 |bibcode=2022Sci...377.1051G |s2cid=252008948 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo3034 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}
  • Expert debate about the proposal: {{#invoke:cite web ||title=Vorschlag zur Regulation von Zuchtpflanzen |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/vorschlag-zur-regulation-von-zuchtpflanzen/ |publisher=Science Media Centre Germany |access-date=21 October 2022 |language=de}}
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Researchers propose new framework for regulating engineered crops |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-09-framework-crops.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=North Carolina State University via phys.org |language=en}}</ref>
  • 2 September – A first spatiotemporal map reveals key insights about axolotl brain regeneration.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Single-cell Stereo-seq reveals new insights into axolotl brain regeneration |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220906/Single-cell-Stereo-seq-reveals-new-insights-into-axolotl-brain-regeneration.aspx |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=6 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wei |first1=Xiaoyu |last2=Fu |first2=Sulei |last3=Li |first3=Hanbo |last4=Liu |first4=Yang |last5=Wang |first5=Shuai |last6=Feng |first6=Weimin |last7=Yang |first7=Yunzhi |last8=Liu |first8=Xiawei |last9=Zeng |first9=Yan-Yun |last10=Cheng |first10=Mengnan |last11=Lai |first11=Yiwei |last12=Qiu |first12=Xiaojie |last13=Wu |first13=Liang |last14=Zhang |first14=Nannan |last15=Jiang |first15=Yujia |last16=Xu |first16=Jiangshan |last17=Su |first17=Xiaoshan |last18=Peng |first18=Cheng |last19=Han |first19=Lei |last20=Lou |first20=Wilson Pak-Kin |last21=Liu |first21=Chuanyu |last22=Yuan |first22=Yue |last23=Ma |first23=Kailong |last24=Yang |first24=Tao |last25=Pan |first25=Xiangyu |last26=Gao |first26=Shang |last27=Chen |first27=Ao |last28=Esteban |first28=Miguel A. |last29=Yang |first29=Huanming |last30=Wang |first30=Jian |last31=Fan |first31=Guangyi |last32=Liu |first32=Longqi |last33=Chen |first33=Liang |last34=Xu |first34=Xun |last35=Fei |first35=Ji-Feng |last36=Gu |first36=Ying |title=Single-cell Stereo-seq reveals induced progenitor cells involved in axolotl brain regeneration |journal=Science |date=2 September 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6610 |pages=eabp9444 |doi=10.1126/science.abp9444 |pmid=36048929 |s2cid=252010604 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp9444 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 5 September – Researchers report the development of remote controlled cyborg cockroaches Template:Tooltip if moving to sunlight for recharging.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=How cyborg cockroaches could be used to save people trapped under earthquake rubble |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-22/cyborg-cockroaches-solar-cell-research/101464940 |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=ABC News |date=22 September 2022 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kakei |first1=Yujiro |last2=Katayama |first2=Shumpei |last3=Lee |first3=Shinyoung |last4=Takakuwa |first4=Masahito |last5=Furusawa |first5=Kazuya |last6=Umezu |first6=Shinjiro |last7=Sato |first7=Hirotaka |last8=Fukuda |first8=Kenjiro |last9=Someya |first9=Takao |title=Integration of body-mounted ultrasoft organic solar cell on cyborg insects with intact mobility |journal=npj Flexible Electronics |date=5 September 2022 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1038/s41528-022-00207-2 |language=en |issn=2397-4621|doi-access=free}}
  • Research institute press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Robo-bug: A rechargeable, remote-controllable cyborg cockroach |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-09-robo-bug-rechargeable-remote-controllable-cyborg-cockroach.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=RIKEN via techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref>
  • 6 September – The U.S. Department of Agriculture approves a new purple tomato, genetically modified to alter its colour and enhance its nutritional quality.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Norfolk Plant Sciences welcomes major milestone decision on purple GM tomatoes |url=https://www.jic.ac.uk/press-release/norfolk-plant-sciences-welcomes-major-milestone-decision-on-purple-gm-tomatoes/ |date=8 September 2022|access-date=11 September 2022 |website=John Innes Centre}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=APHIS Issues First Regulatory Status Review Response: Norfolk Plant Sciences' Purple Tomato |url=https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/newsroom/stakeholder-info/sa_by_date/sa-2022/purple-tomato |date=6 September 2022|access-date=11 September 2022 |website=USDA}}</ref>
  • 7 September – A new malaria vaccine developed by the University of Oxford is shown to be ~80% effective at preventing the disease.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New malaria vaccine is world-changing, say scientists |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-62797776 |date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Efficacy and immunogenicity of R21/Matrix-M vaccine against clinical malaria after 2 years' follow-up in children in Burkina Faso: a phase 1/2b randomised controlled trial |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(22)00442-X/fulltext |date=7 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022 |journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|pmid=36087586 |last1=Datoo |first1=M. S. |last2=Natama |first2=H. M. |last3=Somé |first3=A. |last4=Bellamy |first4=D. |last5=Traoré |first5=O. |last6=Rouamba |first6=T. |last7=Tahita |first7=M. C. |author8=Ido NFA |last9=Yameogo |first9=P. |last10=Valia |first10=D. |last11=Millogo |first11=A. |last12=Ouedraogo |first12=F. |last13=Soma |first13=R. |last14=Sawadogo |first14=S. |last15=Sorgho |first15=F. |last16=Derra |first16=K. |last17=Rouamba |first17=E. |last18=Ramos-Lopez |first18=F. |last19=Cairns |first19=M. |last20=Provstgaard-Morys |first20=S. |last21=Aboagye |first21=J. |last22=Lawrie |first22=A. |last23=Roberts |first23=R. |last24=Valéa |first24=I. |last25=Sorgho |first25=H. |last26=Williams |first26=N. |last27=Glenn |first27=G. |last28=Fries |first28=L. |last29=Reimer |first29=J. |last30=Ewer |first30=K. J. |volume=22 |issue=12 |pages=1728–1736 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00442-X |s2cid=252149462 |display-authors=1 }}</ref>
  • 8 September – A study adds to the accumulating research indicating postexposure antiviral TIPs could be an effective countermeasure that reduces COVID-19 transmission.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New antiviral therapy may block COVID-19 transmission |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-antiviral-therapy-block-covid-transmission.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Gladstone Institutes via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chaturvedi |first1=Sonali |last2=Beutler |first2=Nathan |last3=Vasen |first3=Gustavo |last4=Pablo |first4=Michael |last5=Chen |first5=Xinyue |last6=Calia |first6=Giuliana |last7=Buie |first7=Lauren |last8=Rodick |first8=Robert |last9=Smith |first9=Davey |last10=Rogers |first10=Thomas |last11=Weinberger |first11=Leor S. |title=A single-administration therapeutic interfering particle reduces SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and pathogenesis in hamsters |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=27 September 2022 |volume=119 |issue=39 |pages=e2204624119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2204624119 |pmid=36074824 |pmc=9522362 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11904624C |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref> In September, India and China approve Template:Tooltip first nasal COVID-19 vaccines which may (as boosters)<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Two inhaled covid vaccines have been approved—but we don't know yet how good they are |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/09/08/1059107/two-inhaled-covid-vaccines-approved/ |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref> also reduce transmission<ref name="naturenasalvac"/><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dhama |first1=Kuldeep |last2=Dhawan |first2=Manish |last3=Tiwari |first3=Ruchi |last4=Emran |first4=Talha Bin |last5=Mitra |first5=Saikat |last6=Rabaan |first6=Ali A. |last7=Alhumaid |first7=Saad |last8=Alawi |first8=Zainab Al |last9=Al Mutair |first9=Abbas |title=COVID-19 intranasal vaccines: current progress, advantages, prospects, and challenges |journal=Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |date=30 November 2022 |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=2045853 |doi=10.1080/21645515.2022.2045853 |pmid=35258416 |pmc=8935456 |issn=2164-5515}}</ref> (sterilizing immunity).<ref name="naturenasalvac">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Waltz |first1=Emily |title=China and India approve nasal COVID vaccines — are they a game changer? |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-02851-0 |access-date=21 October 2022 |journal=Nature |date=7 September 2022 |volume=609 |issue=7927 |pages=450 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-02851-0|pmid=36071228 |bibcode=2022Natur.609..450W |s2cid=252121594 }}</ref>
  • 9 September
    • A study describes how multiple tipping points in the climate system could be triggered if global warming exceeds 1.5 °C.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=World on brink of five 'disastrous' climate tipping points, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/08/world-on-brink-five-climate-tipping-points-study-finds |date=8 September 2022|access-date=9 September 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Risk of multiple climate tipping points escalates above 1.5 °C global warming |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/963785 |date=8 September 2022|access-date=9 September 2022 |website=EurekAlert!}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Exceeding 1.5 °C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn7950 |date=9 September 2022|access-date=9 September 2022 |journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.abn7950 |last1=Armstrong Mckay |first1=David I. |last2=Staal |first2=Arie |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Winkelmann |first4=Ricarda |last5=Sakschewski |first5=Boris |last6=Loriani |first6=Sina |last7=Fetzer |first7=Ingo |last8=Cornell |first8=Sarah E. |last9=Rockström |first9=Johan |authorlink9=Johan Rockström |last10=Lenton |first10=Timothy M. |volume=377 |issue=6611 |pages=eabn7950 |pmid=36074831 |hdl=10871/131584 |s2cid=252161375 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
    • Scientists report a change in gene TKTL1 as a key factor of recent brain evolution and difference of modern humans to (other) apes and Neanderthals, related to neocortex-neurogenesis.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |title=What Makes Your Brain Different From a Neanderthal's? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/08/science/human-brain-neanderthal-gene.html |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=8 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pinson |first1=Anneline |last2=Xing |first2=Lei |last3=Namba |first3=Takashi |last4=Kalebic |first4=Nereo |last5=Peters |first5=Jula |last6=Oegema |first6=Christina Eugster |last7=Traikov |first7=Sofia |last8=Reppe |first8=Katrin |last9=Riesenberg |first9=Stephan |last10=Maricic |first10=Tomislav |last11=Derihaci |first11=Razvan |last12=Wimberger |first12=Pauline |last13=Pääbo |first13=Svante |last14=Huttner |first14=Wieland B. |title=Human TKTL1 implies greater neurogenesis in frontal neocortex of modern humans than Neanderthals |journal=Science |date=9 September 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6611 |pages=eabl6422 |doi=10.1126/science.abl6422 |pmid=36074851 |s2cid=252161562 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl6422 |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Some of the scientists reported a similar ARHGAP11B mutation in 2016.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Breakthrough' finding shows how modern humans grow more brain cells than Neanderthals |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/breakthrough-finding-shows-how-modern-humans-grow-more-brain-cells-neanderthals |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=Science |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Florio |first1=Marta |last2=Namba |first2=Takashi |last3=Pääbo |first3=Svante |last4=Hiller |first4=Michael |last5=Huttner |first5=Wieland B. |title=A single splice site mutation in human-specific ARHGAP11B causes basal progenitor amplification |journal=Science Advances |date=2 December 2016 |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=e1601941 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1601941 |pmid=27957544 |pmc=5142801 |bibcode=2016SciA....2E1941F |language=en |issn=2375-2548}}</ref>
    • News outlets report about a study that describes a way by which geothermal power plants Template:Tooltip within their reservoirs for dispatch to (better) help manage intermittency of solar and wind.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Brahambhatt |first1=Rupendra |title=In a world first, scientists propose geothermal power plants that also work as valuable clean energy reservoirs |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/geothermal-power-plants-clean-energy-reservoirs |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=9 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ricks |first1=Wilson |last2=Norbeck |first2=Jack |last3=Jenkins |first3=Jesse |title=The value of in-reservoir energy storage for flexible dispatch of geothermal power |journal=Applied Energy |date=1 May 2022 |volume=313 |pages=118807 |doi=10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118807 |s2cid=247302205 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/6385742 |language=en |issn=0306-2619}}
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Waters |first1=Sharon |title=Study shows geothermal could be an ideal energy storage technology |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-09-geothermal-ideal-energy-storage-technology.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Princeton University via techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref>
  • 12 September – A study investigates funding allocations for public investment in energy research, development and demonstration. It provides insights about Template:Tooltip, that may be relevant to adjusting (or facilitating) "investment in clean energy" "to come close to achieving meaningful global decarbonization", suggesting advancement of impactful "Template:Tooltip".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Meckling |first1=Jonas |last2=Galeazzi |first2=Clara |last3=Shears |first3=Esther |last4=Xu |first4=Tong |last5=Anadon |first5=Laura Diaz |title=Energy innovation funding and institutions in major economies |journal=Nature Energy |date=September 2022 |volume=7 |issue=9 |pages=876–885 |doi=10.1038/s41560-022-01117-3 |bibcode=2022NatEn...7..876M |s2cid=252272866 |language=en |issn=2058-7546}}</ref>
  • 13 September
    • A study reports results indicating COVID-19 may significantly increase risk for Alzheimer's disease,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease increases by 50-80% in older adults who have had COVID-19 |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-factor-alzheimer-disease-older.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Case Western Reserve University via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wang |first1=Lindsey |last2=Davis |first2=Pamela B. |last3=Volkow |first3=Nora D. |last4=Berger |first4=Nathan A. |last5=Kaelber |first5=David C. |last6=Xu |first6=Rong |title=Association of COVID-19 with New-Onset Alzheimer's Disease |journal=Journal of Alzheimer's Disease |date=1 January 2022 |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=411–414 |doi=10.3233/JAD-220717 |pmid=35912749 |s2cid=251182363 |language=en |issn=1387-2877}}</ref> similar to prior studies about long-term impacts besides long COVID<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lopez-Leon |first1=Sandra |last2=Wegman-Ostrosky |first2=Talia |last3=Perelman |first3=Carol |last4=Sepulveda |first4=Rosalinda |last5=Rebolledo |first5=Paulina A. |last6=Cuapio |first6=Angelica |last7=Villapol |first7=Sonia |title=More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Scientific Reports |date=9 August 2021 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=16144 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-95565-8 |pmid=34373540 |pmc=8352980 |bibcode=2021NatSR..1116144L |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}</ref> on cardiovascular outcomes,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Ahmed |first1=Tasnim |title=People with Covid-19 may face long-term cardiovascular complications, study says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/22/health/covid-cardiovascular-complications/index.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=CNN |date=22 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xie |first1=Yan |last2=Xu |first2=Evan |last3=Bowe |first3=Benjamin |last4=Al-Aly |first4=Ziyad |title=Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19 |journal=Nature Medicine |date=March 2022 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=583–590 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3 |pmid=35132265 |pmc=8938267 |language=en |issn=1546-170X|doi-access=free}}</ref> diabetes,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xie |first1=Yan |last2=Al-Aly |first2=Ziyad |title=Risks and burdens of incident diabetes in long COVID: a cohort study |journal=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology |date=1 May 2022 |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=311–321 |doi=10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00044-4 |pmid=35325624 |pmc=8937253 |language=English |issn=2213-8587}}</ref> neurologic sequelae,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xu |first1=Evan |last2=Xie |first2=Yan |last3=Al-Aly |first3=Ziyad |title=Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19 |journal=Nature Medicine |date=22 September 2022 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=2406–2415 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-02001-z |pmid=36138154 |pmc=9671811 |language=en |issn=1546-170X|doi-access=free}}</ref> mental health disorders,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xie |first1=Yan |last2=Xu |first2=Evan |last3=Al-Aly |first3=Ziyad |title=Risks of mental health outcomes in people with covid-19: cohort study |journal=BMJ |date=16 February 2022 |volume=376 |pages= e068993|doi=10.1136/bmj-2021-068993 |pmid=35172971 |pmc=8847881 |language=en |issn=1756-1833}}</ref> and general future mortality<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mainous |first1=Arch G. |last2=Rooks |first2=Benjamin J. |last3=Wu |first3=Velyn |last4=Orlando |first4=Frank A. |title=COVID-19 Post-acute Sequelae Among Adults: 12 Month Mortality Risk |journal=Frontiers in Medicine |date=2021 |volume=8 |page=778434 |doi=10.3389/fmed.2021.778434 |pmid=34926521 |pmc=8671141 |issn=2296-858X|doi-access=free}}</ref> after COVID-19, including specific typesTemplate:Clarify of sequelae less commonly seen in other viral illnesses.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Daugherty |first1=Sarah E. |last2=Guo |first2=Yinglong |last3=Heath |first3=Kevin |last4=Dasmariñas |first4=Micah C. |last5=Jubilo |first5=Karol Giuseppe |last6=Samranvedhya |first6=Jirapat |last7=Lipsitch |first7=Marc |last8=Cohen |first8=Ken |title=Risk of clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study |journal=BMJ |date=19 May 2021 |volume=373 |pages=n1098 |doi=10.1136/bmj.n1098 |pmid=34011492 |pmc=8132065 |language=en |issn=1756-1833}}</ref>
    • The United in Science 2022 report is published by the WMO, summarizing latest climate science-related updates and assessing recent climate change mitigation progress as "going in the wrong direction".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Dickie |first1=Gloria |title=Climate impacts heading to 'uncharted territories of destruction,' U.N. chief says |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/climate-impacts-heading-uncharted-territories-destruction-un-chief-2022-09-13/ |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Reuters |date=13 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=United in Science 2022 |url=https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/united_in_science |website=public.wmo.int |access-date=21 October 2022 |language=en |date=19 September 2019}}</ref>
  • 14 September
    • A new deep learning technique enables year-round measurements of sea ice thickness in the Arctic.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Satellites now get full-year view of Arctic sea-ice|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-62904939 |date=14 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Landy |first1=Jack C. |last2=Dawson |first2=Geoffrey J. |last3=Tsamados |first3=Michel |last4=Bushuk |first4=Mitchell |last5=Stroeve |first5=Julienne C. |last6=Howell |first6=Stephen E. L. |last7=Krumpen |first7=Thomas |last8=Babb |first8=David G. |last9=Komarov |first9=Alexander S. |last10=Heorton |first10=Harry D. B. S. |last11=Belter |first11=H. Jakob |last12=Aksenov |first12=Yevgeny |title=A year-round satellite sea-ice thickness record from CryoSat-2 |journal=Nature |date=September 2022 |volume=609 |issue=7927 |pages=517–522 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05058-5 |pmid=36104558 |bibcode=2022Natur.609..517L |hdl=10037/26936 |s2cid=252282906 |url=https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/26936/article.pdf?sequence=2 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite web ||title=For the first time we can measure the thickness of Arctic sea ice all year round|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/964482 |date=14 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022 |work=UiT The Arctic University of Norway via EurekAlert!}}</ref>
File:SEM Lymphocyte.jpg
15 September: Researchers describe a way by which the aging of select immune system T cells can be prevented or slowed down.
  • 15 September
    • A geoengineering plan to refreeze the North and South Poles by spraying sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, using a fleet of 125 military air-to-air refuelling tankers, is proposed by scientists.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Scientists propose controversial plan to refreeze North and South Poles by spraying sulphur dioxide into atmosphere|url=https://news.sky.com/story/scientists-propose-controversial-plan-to-refreeze-north-and-south-poles-by-spraying-sulphur-dioxide-into-atmosphere-12697769 |date=15 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022 |website=Sky News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Smith |first1=Wake |last2=Bhattarai |first2=Umang |last3=MacMartin |first3=Douglas G |last4=Lee |first4=Walker Raymond |last5=Visioni |first5=Daniele |last6=Kravitz |first6=Ben |last7=Rice |first7=Christian V |title=A subpolar-focused stratospheric aerosol injection deployment scenario |journal=Environmental Research Communications |date=1 September 2022 |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=095009 |doi=10.1088/2515-7620/ac8cd3 |bibcode=2022ERCom...4i5009S |issn=2515-7620|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • A study shows the microbiome, on the level of strains, co-diversified in parallel to phylogenies (heritability from ancestry). The findings may be of relevance to microbiome interventions (such as probiotics) and for adjusting therapies to populations.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Strains within gut microbial species codiversified with human populations, study finds |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220915/Strains-within-gut-microbial-species-codiversified-with-human-populations-study-finds.aspx |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=News-Medical.net |date=15 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Suzuki |first1=Taichi A. |last2=Fitzstevens |first2=J. Liam |last3=Schmidt |first3=Victor T. |last4=Enav |first4=Hagay |last5=Huus |first5=Kelsey E. |last6=Mbong Ngwese |first6=Mirabeau |last7=Grießhammer |first7=Anne |last8=Pfleiderer |first8=Anne |last9=Adegbite |first9=Bayode R. |last10=Zinsou |first10=Jeannot F. |last11=Esen |first11=Meral |last12=Velavan |first12=Thirumalaisamy P. |last13=Adegnika |first13=Ayola A. |last14=Song |first14=Le Huu |last15=Spector |first15=Timothy D. |last16=Muehlbauer |first16=Amanda L. |last17=Marchi |first17=Nina |last18=Kang |first18=Hyena |last19=Maier |first19=Lisa |last20=Blekhman |first20=Ran |last21=Ségurel |first21=Laure |last22=Ko |first22=GwangPyo |last23=Youngblut |first23=Nicholas D. |last24=Kremsner |first24=Peter |last25=Ley |first25=Ruth E. |title=Codiversification of gut microbiota with humans |journal=Science |date=16 September 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6612 |pages=1328–1332 |doi=10.1126/science.abm7759 |pmid=36108023 |bibcode=2022Sci...377.1328S |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363609774 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|biorxiv=10.1101/2021.10.12.462973|s2cid=239012176 }}</ref>
    • The second largest cryptocurrency, Ethereum, switches from the proof-of-work (electricity consumption for validation) to the proof-of-stake (staked holdings for validation) algorithm, which cuts its large respective electricity consumption.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Explainer: Understanding Ethereum's major 'proof of stake' upgrade |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/crypto/explainer-understanding-ethereums-major-proof-stake-upgrade-rcna46998 |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>
    • Researchers describe a way by which the aging of select immune system T cells can be prevented or is slowed down, with relevance to life extension and making vaccines more durable.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New mechanism extends life of immune system |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-mechanism-life-immune.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=University College London via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Lanna |first1=Alessio |last2=Vaz |first2=Bruno |last3=D'Ambra |first3=Clara |last4=Valvo |first4=Salvatore |last5=Vuotto |first5=Claudia |last6=Chiurchiù |first6=Valerio |last7=Devine |first7=Oliver |last8=Sanchez |first8=Massimo |last9=Borsellino |first9=Giovanna |last10=Akbar |first10=Arne N. |last11=De Bardi |first11=Marco |last12=Gilroy |first12=Derek W. |last13=Dustin |first13=Michael L. |last14=Blumer |first14=Brendan |last15=Karin |first15=Michael |title=An intercellular transfer of telomeres rescues T cells from senescence and promotes long-term immunological memory |journal=Nature Cell Biology |date=15 September 2022 |volume=24 |issue=10 |pages=1461–1474 |doi=10.1038/s41556-022-00991-z |pmid=36109671 |pmc=7613731 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363584346 |language=en |issn=1476-4679}}</ref>
File:Bolide.jpg
20 September: Astronomers report in a preprint the discovery of a candidate fourth interstellar object, CNEOS 2017-03-09.
  • 19 September
    • A study indicates a substantial decline in dinosaur biodiversity millions of years before the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Hunt |first1=Katie |title=Fossil egg analysis in China adds to debate of what may have caused dinosaurs' demise |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/09/23/world/dinosaur-egg-fossils-extinction-scn/index.html |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=CNN |date=23 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Han |first1=Fei |last2=Wang |first2=Qiang |last3=Wang |first3=Huapei |last4=Zhu |first4=Xufeng |last5=Zhou |first5=Xinying |last6=Wang |first6=Zhixiang |last7=Fang |first7=Kaiyong |last8=Stidham |first8=Thomas A. |last9=Wang |first9=Wei |last10=Wang |first10=Xiaolin |last11=Li |first11=Xiaoqiang |last12=Qin |first12=Huafeng |last13=Fan |first13=Longgang |last14=Wen |first14=Chen |last15=Luo |first15=Jianhong |last16=Pan |first16=Yongxin |last17=Deng |first17=Chenglong |title=Low dinosaur biodiversity in central China 2 million years prior to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=27 September 2022 |volume=119 |issue=39 |pages=e2211234119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2211234119 |pmid=36122246 |pmc=9522366 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11911234H |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>
    • Scientists report geochemical modeling results that increase confidence for the ocean of Saturn's moon Enceladus being habitable or meeting abiogenesis-requirements.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Ocean on Saturn's moon Enceladus could be rich in a key ingredient for life |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/ocean-on-saturns-moon-enceladus-could-be-rich-in-a-key-ingredient-for-life/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Physics World |date=11 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hao |first1=Jihua |last2=Glein |first2=Christopher R. |last3=Huang |first3=Fang |last4=Yee |first4=Nathan |last5=Catling |first5=David C. |last6=Postberg |first6=Frank |last7=Hillier |first7=Jon K. |last8=Hazen |first8=Robert M. |title=Abundant phosphorus expected for possible life in Enceladus's ocean |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=27 September 2022 |volume=119 |issue=39 |pages=e2201388119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2201388119 |pmid=36122219 |pmc=9522369 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11901388H |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>
File:Dimorphos.jpg
26 September: NASA's DART crashes into the asteroid Dimorphos in a first test of potential planetary defense.
  • 20 September – Scientists who reported the earliest known interstellar object, CNEOS 2014-01-08, and members of The Galileo Project, report the discovery of an additional candidate interstellar meteor, CNEOS 2017-03-09, in a preprint using the same fireball catalog. They find that Template:Tooltip suggests that interstellar meteors "come from a population with material strength characteristically higher than meteors originating from within the solar system".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Alien-Hunting Astronomer Says There May Be a Second Interstellar Object on Earth in New Study |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/g5vd4w/alien-hunting-astronomer-says-there-may-be-a-second-interstellar-object-on-earth-in-new-study |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=Vice |language=en}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • 21 September – Engineers report the development of autonomous 3D-printing drones for construction and repair.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Drone swarm that 3D prints cement structures could construct buildings |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2339096-drone-swarm-that-3d-prints-cement-structures-could-construct-buildings/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Ketao |last2=Chermprayong |first2=Pisak |last3=Xiao |first3=Feng |last4=Tzoumanikas |first4=Dimos |last5=Dams |first5=Barrie |last6=Kay |first6=Sebastian |last7=Kocer |first7=Basaran Bahadir |last8=Burns |first8=Alec |last9=Orr |first9=Lachlan |last10=Choi |first10=Christopher |last11=Darekar |first11=Durgesh Dattatray |last12=Li |first12=Wenbin |last13=Hirschmann |first13=Steven |last14=Soana |first14=Valentina |last15=Ngah |first15=Shamsiah Awang |last16=Sareh |first16=Sina |last17=Choubey |first17=Ashutosh |last18=Margheri |first18=Laura |last19=Pawar |first19=Vijay M. |last20=Ball |first20=Richard J. |last21=Williams |first21=Chris |last22=Shepherd |first22=Paul |last23=Leutenegger |first23=Stefan |last24=Stuart-Smith |first24=Robert |last25=Kovac |first25=Mirko |title=Aerial additive manufacturing with multiple autonomous robots |journal=Nature |date=September 2022 |volume=609 |issue=7928 |pages=709–717 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04988-4 |pmid=36131037 |bibcode=2022Natur.609..709Z |s2cid=252409485 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04988-4 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 22 September
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Newly discovered COVID-like virus could infect humans, resist vaccines |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-newly-covid-like-virus-infect-humans.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Washington State University via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
  • 23 September – Astronomers report that GJ 1252b, an Earth-sized planet orbiting an M-class red dwarf, appears to have no atmosphere, which may reduce the chances of life emerging in such systems.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Discovery could dramatically narrow search for space creatures|url=https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2022/10/21/discovery-could-dramatically-narrow-search-space-creatures%7Cdate=21 October 2022|access-date=22 October 2022|publisher=Regents of the University of California}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Crossfield |first1=Ian J. M. |last2=Malik |first2=Matej |last3=Hill |first3=Michelle L. |last4=Kane |first4=Stephen R. |last5=Foley |first5=Bradford |last6=Polanski |first6=Alex S. |last7=Coria |first7=David |last8=Brande |first8=Jonathan |last9=Zhang |first9=Yanzhe |last10=Wienke |first10=Katherine |last11=Kreidberg |first11=Laura |last12=Cowan |first12=Nicolas B. |last13=Dragomir |first13=Diana |last14=Gorjian |first14=Varoujan |last15=Mikal-Evans |first15=Thomas |last16=Benneke |first16=Björn |last17=Christiansen |first17=Jessie L. |last18=Deming |first18=Drake |last19=Morales |first19=Farisa Y. |title=GJ 1252b: A Hot Terrestrial Super-Earth with No Atmosphere |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=1 September 2022 |volume=937 |issue=1 |pages=L17 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac886b |arxiv=2208.09479 |bibcode=2022ApJ...937L..17C |s2cid=251710304 |issn=2041-8205}}</ref>
  • 26 September
  • 27 September – A study finds that drinking two to three cups of ground, instant, or decaffeinated coffee each day is associated with a longer lifespan and lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared with avoiding coffee.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Coffee drinking is associated with increased longevity |url=https://www.escardio.org/The-ESC/Press-Office/Press-releases/Coffee-drinking-is-associated-with-increased-longevity%7Caccess-date=9 October 2022|date=27 September 2022|work=European Society of Cardiology}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chieng |first1=David |last2=Canovas |first2=Rodrigo |last3=Segan |first3=Louise |last4=Sugumar |first4=Hariharan |last5=Voskoboinik |first5=Aleksandr |last6=Prabhu |first6=Sandeep |last7=Ling |first7=Liang Han |last8=Lee |first8=Geoffrey |last9=Morton |first9=Joseph B |last10=Kaye |first10=David M |last11=Kalman |first11=Jonathan M |last12=Kistler |first12=Peter M |title=The impact of coffee subtypes on incident cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, and mortality: long-term outcomes from the UK Biobank |journal=European Journal of Preventive Cardiology |date=27 September 2022 |volume=29 |issue=17 |pages=2240–2249 |doi=10.1093/eurjpc/zwac189|pmid=36162818 }}</ref>
  • 28 September
    • A breakthrough in treating Alzheimer's disease is reported by pharmaceutical companies Eisai and Biogen, using a drug called lecanemab, which is designed to remove beta-amyloid proteins from the brain.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Alzheimer's-slowing drug labelled historic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-63060019%7Cdate=28 September 2022|access-date=28 September 2022|work=BBC News}}</ref>
    • A study indicates cancer risk from chronic circadian disruption is caused via body-temperature-related heat shock factor 1.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The surprising link between circadian disruption and cancer may have to do with temperature |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-link-circadian-disruption-cancer-temperature.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=The Scripps Research Institute via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pariollaud |first1=Marie |last2=Ibrahim |first2=Lara H. |last3=Irizarry |first3=Emanuel |last4=Mello |first4=Rebecca M. |last5=Chan |first5=Alanna B. |last6=Altman |first6=Brian J. |last7=Shaw |first7=Reuben J. |last8=Bollong |first8=Michael J. |last9=Wiseman |first9=R. Luke |last10=Lamia |first10=Katja A. |title=Circadian disruption enhances HSF1 signaling and tumorigenesis in Kras -driven lung cancer |journal=Science Advances |date=30 September 2022 |volume=8 |issue=39 |pages=eabo1123 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abo1123 |pmid=36170373 |pmc=9519049 |bibcode=2022SciA....8O1123P |language=en |issn=2375-2548}}</ref>
    • Researchers report the discovery of hemoglycin, the first space polymer of amino acids found in meteorites.<ref name="SR-20220928">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=McGeogh |first1=Julie E. M. |last2=McGeogh |first2=Malcolm W. |title=Chiral 480nm absorption in the hemoglycin space polymer: a possible link to replication |date=28 September 2022 |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=16198 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-21043-4 |pmid=36171277 |pmc=9519966 }}</ref><ref name="SD-20210629">Template:Cite news</ref>
  • 29 September
    • In two studies, scientists report a novel way of cancer screening – detecting tumor-associated mycobiomes. It could be used in synergy with other biomarkers such as of bacterial microbiomes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |title=A New Approach to Spotting Tumors: Look for Their Microbes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/29/science/cancer-tumors-fungi-bacteria-microbiome.html |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=29 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dohlman |first1=Anders B. |last2=Klug |first2=Jared |last3=Mesko |first3=Marissa |last4=Gao |first4=Iris H. |last5=Lipkin |first5=Steven M. |last6=Shen |first6=Xiling |last7=Iliev |first7=Iliyan D. |title=A pan-cancer mycobiome analysis reveals fungal involvement in gastrointestinal and lung tumors |journal=Cell |date=29 September 2022 |volume=185 |issue=20 |pages=3807–3822.e12 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.015 |pmid=36179671 |pmc=9564002 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|pmc-embargo-date=September 29, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Narunsky-Haziza |first1=Lian |last2=Sepich-Poore |first2=Gregory D. |last3=Livyatan |first3=Ilana |last4=Asraf |first4=Omer |last5=Martino |first5=Cameron |last6=Nejman |first6=Deborah |last7=Gavert |first7=Nancy |last8=Stajich |first8=Jason E. |last9=Amit |first9=Guy |last10=González |first10=Antonio |last11=Wandro |first11=Stephen |last12=Perry |first12=Gili |last13=Ariel |first13=Ruthie |last14=Meltser |first14=Arnon |last15=Shaffer |first15=Justin P. |last16=Zhu |first16=Qiyun |last17=Balint-Lahat |first17=Nora |last18=Barshack |first18=Iris |last19=Dadiani |first19=Maya |last20=Gal-Yam |first20=Einav N. |last21=Patel |first21=Sandip Pravin |last22=Bashan |first22=Amir |last23=Swafford |first23=Austin D. |last24=Pilpel |first24=Yitzhak |last25=Knight |first25=Rob |last26=Straussman |first26=Ravid |title=Pan-cancer analyses reveal cancer-type-specific fungal ecologies and bacteriome interactions |journal=Cell |date=29 September 2022 |volume=185 |issue=20 |pages=3789–3806.e17 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.005 |pmid=36179670 |pmc=9567272 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • A study estimates the disproportionality of drivers of climate change by wealth and concludes that to total emissions, investments of the global top 1% are far more important than their consumption and that the pollution gap is larger within countries than between countries.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Top 1 Percent of Emitters Responsible for One Quarter of Emissions Since 1990 |url=https://e360.yale.edu/digest/carbon-emissions-inequality |access-date=19 October 2022 |work=Yale E360}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chancel |first1=Lucas |authorlink1=Lucas Chancel |title=Global carbon inequality over 1990–2019 |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=29 September 2022 |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=931–938 |doi=10.1038/s41893-022-00955-z |s2cid=252630091 |language=en |issn=2398-9629}}</ref>
    • A study adds to the accumulating research showing that oil and gas industry methane emissions are much larger than thought.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Gas flares aren't as efficient at burning off methane as assumed |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/gas-flare-leak-methane-burning-climate |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Science News |date=29 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Plant |first1=Genevieve |last2=Kort |first2=Eric A. |last3=Brandt |first3=Adam R. |last4=Chen |first4=Yuanlei |last5=Fordice |first5=Graham |last6=Gorchov Negron |first6=Alan M. |last7=Schwietzke |first7=Stefan |last8=Smith |first8=Mackenzie |last9=Zavala-Araiza |first9=Daniel |title=Inefficient and unlit natural gas flares both emit large quantities of methane |journal=Science |date=30 September 2022 |volume=377 |issue=6614 |pages=1566–1571 |doi=10.1126/science.abq0385 |pmid=36173866 |bibcode=2022Sci...377.1566P |s2cid=252621958 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq0385 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 30 September
    • The discovery of "super neurons" in the entorhinal cortex of people over age 80 who show exceptional episodic memory is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Study offers clues to super-agers' brilliant brains |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-63081924 |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=BBC News |date=30 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Nassif |first1=Caren |last2=Kawles |first2=Allegra |last3=Ayala |first3=Ivan |last4=Minogue |first4=Grace |last5=Gill |first5=Nathan P. |last6=Shepard |first6=Robert A. |last7=Zouridakis |first7=Antonia |last8=Keszycki |first8=Rachel |last9=Zhang |first9=Hui |last10=Mao |first10=Qinwen |last11=Flanagan |first11=Margaret E. |last12=Bigio |first12=Eileen H. |last13=Mesulam |first13=M.-Marsel |last14=Rogalski |first14=Emily |last15=Geula |first15=Changiz |last16=Gefen |first16=Tamar |title=Integrity of neuronal size in the entorhinal cortex is a biologic substrate of exceptional cognitive aging |journal=Journal of Neuroscience |date=30 September 2022 |volume=42 |issue=45 |pages=8587–8594 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0679-22.2022 |pmid=36180225 |pmc=9665923 |s2cid=252646247 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364071088 |language=en |issn=0270-6474}}
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite web|| title=SuperAger brains contain 'super neurons'|url=https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2022/09/superager-brains-contain-super-neurons/?fj=1%7Cdate=30 September 2022|access-date=12 October 2022|work=Northwestern University}}</ref>
    • Scientists caution about potential future spillover of SHFV.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Another monkey virus could be poised for spillover to humans |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-monkey-virus-poised-spillover-humans.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=University of Colorado at Boulder via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Warren |first1=Cody J. |last2=Yu |first2=Shuiqing |last3=Peters |first3=Douglas K. |last4=Barbachano-Guerrero |first4=Arturo |last5=Yang |first5=Qing |last6=Burris |first6=Bridget L. |last7=Worwa |first7=Gabriella |last8=Huang |first8=I.-Chueh |last9=Wilkerson |first9=Gregory K. |last10=Goldberg |first10=Tony L. |last11=Kuhn |first11=Jens H. |last12=Sawyer |first12=Sara L. |title=Primate hemorrhagic fever-causing arteriviruses are poised for spillover to humans |journal=Cell |date=13 October 2022 |volume=185 |issue=21 |pages=3980–3991.e18 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.022 |pmid=36182704 |pmc=9588614 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364049834 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|pmc-embargo-date=October 13, 2023 }}</ref>

October[edit]

File:ARC-20221004-AAV3443-MoonOrigin-Social-NASAWeb-1080p medium.oggtheora.ogg
1 October: A new, more detailed simulation of the giant-impact hypothesis suggests that the Moon formed in just hours.

|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkgma8/police-are-using-dna-to-generate-3d-images-of-suspects-theyve-never-seen%7Cdate=11 October 2022|access-date=12 October 2022|publisher=Vice}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Police use DNA phenotyping in unsolved sexual assault|url=https://www.edmontonpolice.ca/News/MediaReleases/DNAPhenotypeOct4?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter%7Cdate=4 October 2022|access-date=12 October 2022|publisher=Edmonton Police Service}}</ref>

File:Mitochondrial DNA lg.jpg
5 October: Ongoing transfer of mitochondrial DNA into DNA in the cell nucleus is reported.
File:Land and freshwater footprints for protein production from various sources.jpg
5 October: Researchers outline the large potentials and benefits of marine algae-based aquaculture for the development of a future healthy and sustainable food system.
  • 6 October
    • An open source platform to match genomically profiled cancer patients to precision medicine drug trials is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New Platform Matches Patients to Precision Oncology Trials - Physician's Weekly |url=https://www.physiciansweekly.com/new-platform-matches-patients-to-precision-oncology-trials/ |access-date=7 December 2022 |date=20 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Klein |first1=Harry |last2=Mazor |first2=Tali |last3=Siegel |first3=Ethan |last4=Trukhanov |first4=Pavel |last5=Ovalle |first5=Andrea |last6=Vecchio Fitz |first6=Catherine Del |last7=Zwiesler |first7=Zachary |last8=Kumari |first8=Priti |last9=Van Der Veen |first9=Bernd |last10=Marriott |first10=Eric |last11=Hansel |first11=Jason |last12=Yu |first12=Joyce |last13=Albayrak |first13=Adem |last14=Barry |first14=Susan |last15=Keller |first15=Rachel B. |last16=MacConaill |first16=Laura E. |last17=Lindeman |first17=Neal |last18=Johnson |first18=Bruce E. |last19=Rollins |first19=Barrett J. |last20=Do |first20=Khanh T. |last21=Beardslee |first21=Brian |last22=Shapiro |first22=Geoffrey |last23=Hector-Barry |first23=Suzanne |last24=Methot |first24=John |last25=Sholl |first25=Lynette |last26=Lindsay |first26=James |last27=Hassett |first27=Michael J. |last28=Cerami |first28=Ethan |title=MatchMiner: an open-source platform for cancer precision medicine |journal=npj Precision Oncology |date=6 October 2022 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1038/s41698-022-00312-5 |pmid=36202909 |pmc=9537311 |language=en |issn=2397-768X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • Neuroscientists report PFC-Hb connectivity white matter impairment in both cocaine and heroin addiction.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Human cocaine and heroin addiction tied to impairments in specific brain circuit initially implicated in animals |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-human-cocaine-heroin-addiction-tied.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=The Mount Sinai Hospital via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=King |first1=Sarah G. |last2=Gaudreault |first2=Pierre-Olivier |last3=Malaker |first3=Pias |last4=Kim |first4=Joo-won |last5=Alia-Klein |first5=Nelly |last6=Xu |first6=Junqian |last7=Goldstein |first7=Rita Z. |title=Prefrontal-habenular microstructural impairments in human cocaine and heroin addiction |journal=Neuron |date=16 November 2022 |volume=110 |issue=22 |pages=3820–3832.e4 |doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.011 |pmid=36206758 |pmc=9671835 |language=English |issn=0896-6273|pmc-embargo-date=November 16, 2023 }}</ref>
  • 7 October
    • News outlets report about a study published on 28 September theorizing that the supercontinent Amasia will form within 300 million years when the Pacific Ocean closes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||last=Strickland |first=Ashley |date=2022-10-07 |title=Next supercontinent may form when the Pacific Ocean disappears |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/07/world/pacific-ocean-supercontinent-scn/index.html |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Huang |first1=Chuan |last2=Li |first2=Zheng-Xiang |last3=Zhang |first3=Nan |title=Will Earth's next supercontinent assemble through the closure of the Pacific Ocean? |journal=National Science Review |date=28 September 2022 |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=nwac205 |doi=10.1093/nsr/nwac205|pmid=36519070 |pmc=9743166 }}</ref>
    • Neuroscientists report experimental MRI results that so far appear to imply nuclear proton spins of 'brain water'Template:Clarify in the brain were entangled, suggesting brain functions that operate non-classically which may support quantum mechanisms being involved in consciousness as the signal pattern declined when human participants fell asleep.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Firtina |first1=Nergis |title=Our brains could use quantum computation - here's how |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/brain-quantum-computation-consciousness |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=20 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kerskens |first1=Christian Matthias |last2=López Pérez |first2=David |title=Experimental indications of non-classical brain functions |journal=Journal of Physics Communications |date=1 October 2022 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=105001 |doi=10.1088/2399-6528/ac94be |bibcode=2022JPhCo...6j5001K |language=en |issn=2399-6528|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 8 October – Researchers report recommendations concerning potential geopolitical implications of potential future information about or from extraterrestrial intelligence.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists Are Gaming Out What Humanity Will Do If Aliens Make Contact |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/y3px5b/scientists-are-gaming-out-what-humanity-will-do-if-aliens-make-contact |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=Vice |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wright |first1=Jason T. |last2=Haramia |first2=Chelsea |last3=Swiney |first3=Gabriel |title=Geopolitical Implications of a Successful SETI Program |journal=Space Policy |date=8 October 2022 |volume=63 |pages=101517 |doi=10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101517 |language=en |issn=0265-9646|arxiv=2209.15125|s2cid=252668825 }}</ref>
File:Emotionality in news articles headlines since 2000.png
18 October: Substantial increase of sentiment negativity and decrease of emotional neutrality in headlines across written popular news media since 2000 is reported.
  • 12 October
    • Researchers report successful transplantation of human brain tissue organoids into baby rats. Such research could eventually controversially raise ethical issues relating to (non-)human intelligence/consciousness/welfare and be used to model human brain development and, as demonstrated, to investigate diseases (and their potential therapies). Unlike in other recent studies, the tissues appeared to be highly functional, to mature and to integrate with the rat brain.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Human brain cells transplanted into baby rats' brains grow and form connections |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/10/12/1061204/human-brain-cells-transplanted-baby-rats-brains/ |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Human neurons transplanted into rats to help study brain disorders |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/oct/12/human-neurons-transplanted-into-rats-to-help-study-brain-disorders |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=12 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Revah |first1=Omer |last2=Gore |first2=Felicity |last3=Kelley |first3=Kevin W. |last4=Andersen |first4=Jimena |last5=Sakai |first5=Noriaki |last6=Chen |first6=Xiaoyu |last7=Li |first7=Min-Yin |last8=Birey |first8=Fikri |last9=Yang |first9=Xiao |last10=Saw |first10=Nay L. |last11=Baker |first11=Samuel W. |last12=Amin |first12=Neal D. |last13=Kulkarni |first13=Shravanti |last14=Mudipalli |first14=Rachana |last15=Cui |first15=Bianxiao |last16=Nishino |first16=Seiji |last17=Grant |first17=Gerald A. |last18=Knowles |first18=Juliet K. |last19=Shamloo |first19=Mehrdad |last20=Huguenard |first20=John R. |last21=Deisseroth |first21=Karl |last22=Pașca |first22=Sergiu P. |title=Maturation and circuit integration of transplanted human cortical organoids |journal=Nature |date=October 2022 |volume=610 |issue=7931 |pages=319–326 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05277-w |pmid=36224417 |pmc=9556304 |bibcode=2022Natur.610..319R |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • A study reports that in a cohort of symptomatically infected, 46% had only partially recovered after 12 months, that asymptomatic infection was not associated with adverse outcomes of long COVID and that vaccination was associated with reduced risk of seven long-term symptoms.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Sellers |first1=Frances Stead |title='We are in trouble': Study raises alarm about impacts of long covid |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/10/12/long-covid-study-scotland/ |access-date=17 November 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hastie |first1=Claire E. |last2=Lowe |first2=David J. |last3=McAuley |first3=Andrew |last4=Winter |first4=Andrew J. |last5=Mills |first5=Nicholas L. |last6=Black |first6=Corri |last7=Scott |first7=Janet T. |last8=O'Donnell |first8=Catherine A. |last9=Blane |first9=David N. |last10=Browne |first10=Susan |last11=Ibbotson |first11=Tracy R. |last12=Pell |first12=Jill P. |title=Outcomes among confirmed cases and a matched comparison group in the Long-COVID in Scotland study |journal=Nature Communications |date=12 October 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=5663 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-33415-5 |pmid=36224173 |pmc=9556711 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.5663H |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref> A meta-analysis published on the same day reports substantial exercise intolerance more than 3 months after infection in long COVID-19 patients. It notes that post-exertional malaise has been reported in long COVID-19 similar to CFS.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Long covid may set you back a decade in exercise gains |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2022/10/13/long-covid-exercise-symptoms/ |access-date=17 November 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Durstenfeld |first1=Matthew S. |last2=Sun |first2=Kaiwen |last3=Tahir |first3=Peggy |last4=Peluso |first4=Michael J. |last5=Deeks |first5=Steven G. |last6=Aras |first6=Mandar A. |last7=Grandis |first7=Donald J. |last8=Long |first8=Carlin S. |last9=Beatty |first9=Alexis |last10=Hsue |first10=Priscilla Y. |title=Use of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Evaluate Long COVID-19 Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=12 October 2022 |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=e2236057 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36057|pmid=36223120 |pmc=9557896 }}</ref>
  • 13 October
    • A novel synthetic biology-based process for recycling of plastics mixtures is presented.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Bacteria and catalysts recycle waste plastic into useful chemicals |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2342438-bacteria-and-catalysts-recycle-waste-plastic-into-useful-chemicals/ |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sullivan |first1=Kevin P. |last2=Werner |first2=Allison Z. |last3=Ramirez |first3=Kelsey J. |last4=Ellis |first4=Lucas D. |last5=Bussard |first5=Jeremy R. |last6=Black |first6=Brenna A. |last7=Brandner |first7=David G. |last8=Bratti |first8=Felicia |last9=Buss |first9=Bonnie L. |last10=Dong |first10=Xueming |last11=Haugen |first11=Stefan J. |last12=Ingraham |first12=Morgan A. |last13=Konev |first13=Mikhail O. |last14=Michener |first14=William E. |last15=Miscall |first15=Joel |last16=Pardo |first16=Isabel |last17=Woodworth |first17=Sean P. |last18=Guss |first18=Adam M. |last19=Román-Leshkov |first19=Yuriy |last20=Stahl |first20=Shannon S. |last21=Beckham |first21=Gregg T. |title=Mixed plastics waste valorization through tandem chemical oxidation and biological funneling |journal=Science |date=14 October 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6616 |pages=207–211 |doi=10.1126/science.abo4626 |pmid=36227984 |bibcode=2022Sci...378..207S |hdl=10261/281250 |s2cid=252897316 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
    • Scientists report that in some cases, some apparently senescent cells – which are targeted by anti-aging senolytics – are required for regeneration.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Scientists reappraise the role of 'zombie' cells that anti-aging medicine has sought to eliminate |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-scientists-reappraise-role-zombie-cells.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=University of San Francisco via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Reyes |first1=Nabora S. |last2=Krasilnikov |first2=Maria |last3=Allen |first3=Nancy C. |last4=Lee |first4=Jin Young |last5=Hyams |first5=Ben |last6=Zhou |first6=Minqi |last7=Ravishankar |first7=Supriya |last8=Cassandras |first8=Monica |last9=Wang |first9=Chaoqun |last10=Khan |first10=Imran |last11=Matatia |first11=Peri |last12=Johmura |first12=Yoshikazu |last13=Molofsky |first13=Ari |last14=Matthay |first14=Michael |last15=Nakanishi |first15=Makoto |last16=Sheppard |first16=Dean |last17=Campisi |first17=Judith |last18=Peng |first18=Tien |title=Sentinel p16 INK4a+ cells in the basement membrane form a reparative niche in the lung |journal=Science |date=14 October 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6616 |pages=192–201 |doi=10.1126/science.abf3326 |pmid=36227993 |bibcode=2022Sci...378..192R |language=en |issn=0036-8075|biorxiv=10.1101/2020.06.10.142893|s2cid=219636762 }}</ref>
  • 14 October – Scientists from Boston University publish unauthorized (but legal) research on SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 Omicron via creation of a Template:Tooltip recombinant virus as a preprint, described by "many" but not all as "irresponsible gain-of-function" research.<ref name="BIO-20221014">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Chen, Da-Yuan |display-authors=et al. |title=Role of spike in the pathogenic and antigenic behavior of SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 Omicron |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.512134v1 |date=14 October 2022 |journal=BioRxiv |doi=10.1101/2022.10.13.512134 |pmid=36263066 |pmc=9580375 |accessdate=23 October 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20221022">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |last2=Mueller |first2=Benjamin |title=Lab Manipulations of Covid Virus Fall Under Murky Government Rules - Mouse experiments at Boston University have spotlighted an ambiguous U.S. policy for research on potentially dangerous pathogens. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/22/science/covid-virus-laboratory-experiments.html |date=22 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=23 October 2022 }}</ref><ref name="SCI-20221018">{{#invoke:cite news ||last=Lowe |first=Derek |title=Gain of Function? Not So Fast. |url=https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/gain-function-not-so-fast |date=18 October 2022 |work=Science |accessdate=23 October 2022 }}</ref>
  • 18 October – A study indicates there has been a substantial increase of sentiment negativity and decrease of emotional neutrality in headlines across written popular news media since 2000.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rozado |first1=David |last2=Hughes |first2=Ruth |last3=Halberstadt |first3=Jamin |title=Longitudinal analysis of sentiment and emotion in news media headlines using automated labelling with Transformer language models |journal=PLOS ONE |date=18 October 2022 |volume=17 |issue=10 |pages=e0276367 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0276367 |pmid=36256658 |pmc=9578611 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1776367R |language=en |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 19 October – A novel type of effective hydrogen storage using readily available salts is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Paleja |first1=Ameya |title=German researchers find a solution to the hydrogen storage problem: salts. |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/salts-solve-problem-hydrogen-storage |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=19 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wei |first1=Duo |last2=Shi |first2=Xinzhe |last3=Sponholz |first3=Peter |last4=Junge |first4=Henrik |last5=Beller |first5=Matthias |title=Manganese Promoted (Bi)carbonate Hydrogenation and Formate Dehydrogenation: Toward a Circular Carbon and Hydrogen Economy |journal=ACS Central Science |date=26 October 2022 |volume=8 |issue=10 |pages=1457–1463 |doi=10.1021/acscentsci.2c00723 |pmid=36313168 |pmc=9615124 |doi-access=free |language=en |issn=2374-7943}}</ref>
  • 20 October
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite web|| title=Template:OkinaAhi recovery up, more fish caught thanks to no-fishing zones|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2022/10/20/no-fishing-zones/%7Cdate=20 October 2022|access-date=22 October 2022|publisher=University of HawaiTemplate:Okinai}}</ref>
  • 21 October – News outlets report about a novel agricultural robot for viable weed control using lasers or "laserweeding".<ref name="interestingengineeringPapadopoulos">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Papadopoulos |first1=Loukia |title=This new farming robot uses lasers to kill 200,000 weeds per hour |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/farming-robot-lasers-200000-weeds-per-hour |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=21 October 2022}}</ref> There are similar precision agriculture machines that have been reported before, also e.g. applying low amounts of herbicides and fertilizers with precision while mapping plant locations, in some cases autonomously.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Their benefits may include "healthier crops and soil, decreased herbicide use, and reduced chemical and labor costs".<ref name="interestingengineeringPapadopoulos"/>
  • 24 October
    • The NHS launches 'Our Future Health', one of the world's largest health and genetic data gathering projects, aimed at building a long-term repository of information for researchers. Five million UK adults are invited to participate.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Health of nation study calls on millions to sign up |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-63331805 |access-date=24 October 2022 |date=24 October 2022 |website=BBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Millions of invitations go out this autumn for UK's largest health research programme |url=https://ourfuturehealth.org.uk/millions-of-invitations-go-out-this-autumn-for-uks-largest-health-research-programme/ |access-date=24 October 2022 |date=24 October 2022 |website=NHS |language=en}}</ref>
    • "Hybrid viral particles (HVPs)" are reported, combining IAV and RSV in vitro.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Flu and RSV viruses found to fuse together to form hybrid viruses |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-flu-rsv-viruses-fuse-hybrid.html |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=Medical Xpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Haney |first1=Joanne |last2=Vijayakrishnan |first2=Swetha |last3=Streetley |first3=James |last4=Dee |first4=Kieran |last5=Goldfarb |first5=Daniel Max |last6=Clarke |first6=Mairi |last7=Mullin |first7=Margaret |last8=Carter |first8=Stephen D. |last9=Bhella |first9=David |last10=Murcia |first10=Pablo R. |title=Coinfection by influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus produces hybrid virus particles |journal=Nature Microbiology |date=November 2022 |volume=7 |issue=11 |pages=1879–1890 |doi=10.1038/s41564-022-01242-5 |pmid=36280786 |s2cid=253108498 |language=en |issn=2058-5276}}</ref>
  • 25 October – A comprehensive annually scheduled study finds climate change is "undermining every dimension of global health monitored" and reports dire conclusions from tracking of impact indicators.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Global health at mercy of fossil fuel addiction, warn scientists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/oct/25/global-health-fossil-fuels-climate-oil-gas-food-energy-cost-of-living |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=25 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Romanello |first1=Marina |last2=Napoli |first2=Claudia Di |last3=Drummond |first3=Paul |last4=Green |first4=Carole |last5=Kennard |first5=Harry |last6=Lampard |first6=Pete |last7=Scamman |first7=Daniel |last8=Arnell |first8=Nigel |display-authors=et al. |title=The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels |journal=The Lancet |date=5 November 2022 |volume=400 |issue=10363 |pages=1619–1654 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01540-9 |pmid=36306815 |s2cid=253148997 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)01540-9/fulltext |language=English |issn=0140-6736}}</ref>
  • 26 October
    • In two studies, scientists report findings about the role of epigenetics – which is Template:Tooltip – in colorectal cancer, including that it is a major component of how an individual tumor varies and findings about its influences on the accumulation of DNA mutations and cancer phenotypes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='Dark matter' find could change cancer treatment |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-63399263 |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=BBC News |date=27 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Heide |first1=Timon |last2=Househam |first2=Jacob |last3=Cresswell |first3=George D. |last4=Spiteri |first4=Inmaculada |last5=Lynn |first5=Claire |last6=Mossner |first6=Maximilian |last7=Kimberley |first7=Chris |last8=Fernandez-Mateos |first8=Javier |last9=Chen |first9=Bingjie |last10=Zapata |first10=Luis |last11=James |first11=Chela |last12=Barozzi |first12=Iros |last13=Chkhaidze |first13=Ketevan |last14=Nichol |first14=Daniel |last15=Gunasri |first15=Vinaya |last16=Berner |first16=Alison |last17=Schmidt |first17=Melissa |last18=Lakatos |first18=Eszter |last19=Baker |first19=Ann-Marie |last20=Costa |first20=Helena |last21=Mitchinson |first21=Miriam |last22=Piazza |first22=Rocco |last23=Jansen |first23=Marnix |last24=Caravagna |first24=Giulio |last25=Ramazzotti |first25=Daniele |last26=Shibata |first26=Darryl |last27=Bridgewater |first27=John |last28=Rodriguez-Justo |first28=Manuel |last29=Magnani |first29=Luca |last30=Graham |first30=Trevor A. |last31=Sottoriva |first31=Andrea |title=The co-evolution of the genome and epigenome in colorectal cancer |journal=Nature |date=26 October 2022 |volume=611 |issue=7937 |pages=733–743 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05202-1 |pmid=36289335 |pmc=9684080 |bibcode=2022Natur.611..733H |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Househam |first1=Jacob |last2=Heide |first2=Timon |last3=Cresswell |first3=George D. |last4=Spiteri |first4=Inmaculada |last5=Kimberley |first5=Chris |last6=Zapata |first6=Luis |last7=Lynn |first7=Claire |last8=James |first8=Chela |last9=Mossner |first9=Maximilian |last10=Fernandez-Mateos |first10=Javier |last11=Vinceti |first11=Alessandro |last12=Baker |first12=Ann-Marie |last13=Gabbutt |first13=Calum |last14=Berner |first14=Alison |last15=Schmidt |first15=Melissa |last16=Chen |first16=Bingjie |last17=Lakatos |first17=Eszter |last18=Gunasri |first18=Vinaya |last19=Nichol |first19=Daniel |last20=Costa |first20=Helena |last21=Mitchinson |first21=Miriam |last22=Ramazzotti |first22=Daniele |last23=Werner |first23=Benjamin |last24=Iorio |first24=Francesco |last25=Jansen |first25=Marnix |last26=Caravagna |first26=Giulio |last27=Barnes |first27=Chris P. |last28=Shibata |first28=Darryl |last29=Bridgewater |first29=John |last30=Rodriguez-Justo |first30=Manuel |last31=Magnani |first31=Luca |last32=Sottoriva |first32=Andrea |last33=Graham |first33=Trevor A. |title=Phenotypic plasticity and genetic control in colorectal cancer evolution |journal=Nature |date=26 October 2022 |volume=611 |issue=7937 |pages=744–753 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05311-x |pmid=36289336 |pmc=9684078 |bibcode=2022Natur.611..744H |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • At the 30th anniversary of the World Scientists' Warning to Humanity, scientists conclude that "We are now at 'code red' on planet Earth", facing a climate emergency, warning citizens and world leaders to take necessary actions with information about tracked "recent climate-related disasters, assess[ed] planetary vital signs, and [...] policy recommendations".<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Climate warnings highlight the urgent need for action ahead of COP27 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2345094-climate-warnings-highlight-the-urgent-need-for-action-ahead-of-cop27/ |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ripple |first1=William J |last2=Wolf |first2=Christopher |last3=Gregg |first3=Jillian W |last4=Levin |first4=Kelly |last5=Rockström |first5=Johan |last6=Newsome |first6=Thomas M |last7=Betts |first7=Matthew G |last8=Huq |first8=Saleemul |last9=Law |first9=Beverly E |last10=Kemp |first10=Luke |last11=Kalmus |first11=Peter |last12=Lenton |first12=Timothy M |title=World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency 2022 |journal=BioScience |date=26 October 2022 |volume=72 |issue=12 |pages=1149–1155 |doi=10.1093/biosci/biac083}}</ref>
    • A study concludes that cosmic radiation events in the tree-ring radiocarbon record called "Miyake events", don't appear to be caused by the solar cycle (i.e. solar flares) as thought previously and have extended durations. They occurred every ~1,000 years on average and may threaten global technologies this century.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Huge solar storms may not explain shadows of radiation in trees |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/solar-storm-radiation-trees-miyake-event |access-date=20 November 2022 |work=Science News |date=7 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Qingyuan |last2=Sharma |first2=Utkarsh |last3=Dennis |first3=Jordan A. |last4=Scifo |first4=Andrea |last5=Kuitems |first5=Margot |last6=Büntgen |first6=Ulf |last7=Owens |first7=Mathew J. |last8=Dee |first8=Michael W. |last9=Pope |first9=Benjamin J. S. |title=Modelling cosmic radiation events in the tree-ring radiocarbon record |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |date=26 October 2022 |volume=478 |issue=2266 |pages=20220497 |doi=10.1098/rspa.2022.0497|arxiv=2210.13775|bibcode=2022RSPSA.47820497Z |s2cid=253107601 }}</ref>
    • A magnetical guidance system with engineered bacterial microbots Template:See above for 'precision targeting'<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Schmidt |first1=Christine K. |last2=Medina-Sánchez |first2=Mariana |last3=Edmondson |first3=Richard J. |last4=Schmidt |first4=Oliver G. |title=Engineering microrobots for targeted cancer therapies from a medical perspective |journal=Nature Communications |date=5 November 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=5618 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19322-7 |pmid=33154372 |pmc=7645678 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5618S |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref> is demonstrated to be effective for fighting cancer in mice.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Thompson |first1=Joanna |title=These tiny magnetic robots can infiltrate tumors — and maybe destroy cancer |url=https://www.inverse.com/innovation/bacteria-robotic-cancer-treatment |access-date=21 November 2022 |work=Inverse |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gwisai |first1=T. |last2=Mirkhani |first2=N. |last3=Christiansen |first3=M. G. |last4=Nguyen |first4=T. T. |last5=Ling |first5=V. |last6=Schuerle |first6=S. |title=Magnetic torque–driven living microrobots for increased tumor infiltration |journal=Science Robotics |date=26 October 2022 |volume=7 |issue=71 |pages=eabo0665 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abo0665 |pmid=36288270 |language=en |issn=2470-9476|biorxiv=10.1101/2022.01.03.473989|s2cid=253160428 }}</ref>
  • 31 October
    • Multiple traces of monkeypox are detected in non-sewered wastewater with sparse sampling from a densely populated metropolitan area in Asia.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wannigama |first1=Dhammika Leshan |last2=Amarasiri |first2=Mohan |last3=Hongsing |first3=Parichart |last4=Hurst |first4=Cameron |last5=Modchang |first5=Charin |last6=Chadsuthi |first6=Sudarat |last7=Anupong |first7=Suparinthon |last8=Phattharapornjaroen |first8=Phatthranit |last9=S.m. |first9=Ali Hosseini Rad |last10=Fernandez |first10=Stefan |last11=Huang |first11=Angkana T. |last12=Kueakulpattana |first12=Naris |last13=Tanasatitchai |first13=Chanikan |last14=Vatanaprasan |first14=Porames |last15=Saethang |first15=Thammakorn |date=2023-02-01 |orig-date=2022-10-30 |title=Multiple traces of monkeypox detected in non-sewered wastewater with sparse sampling from a densely populated metropolitan area in Asia |journal=Science of the Total Environment |language=en |volume=858 |issue=Pt 1 |pages=159816 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159816 |pmid=36461562 |issn=0048-9697 |pmc=9620434|bibcode=2023ScTEn.858o9816W }}</ref>Template:Additional citation needed
    • A new record for the longest-frozen embryos to ever result in a live birth is reported in the United States, with twins born after storage for 30 years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web|| title=Parents welcome twins from embryos frozen 30 years ago |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/21/health/30-year-old-embryos-twins/index.html%7Cdate=21 November 2022|access-date=21 November 2022|publisher=CNN}}</ref>

November[edit]

File:Artist's impression of the closest black hole to Earth and its Sun-like companion star.jpg
4 November: Artist's impression of the Gaia BH1 system, containing a Sun-like star and the closest known black hole to Earth.
File:Sperm-egg.jpg
15 November: A 62% decline in sperm counts is found to have occurred since the early 1970s.
  • 1 November – A pooled analysis indicates that globally over half of all preschool-aged children and over two-thirds of all nonpregnant women of reproductive age are deficient in at least one of three micronutrients each. The study notes required data is scarce and such deficiencies can constrain physical and (neurocognitive) development and compromise health.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title='With food prices increasing less people will achieve a balanced diet': Data highlights 'shocking' extent of malnutrition |url=https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2022/12/07/data-highlights-shocking-extent-of-malnutrition |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=foodnavigator.com}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Stevens |first1=Gretchen A. |last2=Beal |first2=Ty |last3=Mbuya |first3=Mduduzi N. N. |last4=Luo |first4=Hanqi |last5=Neufeld |first5=Lynnette M. |last6=Addo |first6=O. Yaw |last7=Adu-Afarwuah |first7=Seth |last8=Alayón |first8=Silvia |last9=Bhutta |first9=Zulfiqar |last10=Brown |first10=Kenneth H. |last11=Jefferds |first11=Maria Elena |last12=Engle-Stone |first12=Reina |last13=Fawzi |first13=Wafaie |last14=Hess |first14=Sonja Y. |last15=Johnston |first15=Robert |last16=Katz |first16=Joanne |last17=Krasevec |first17=Julia |last18=McDonald |first18=Christine M. |last19=Mei |first19=Zuguo |last20=Osendarp |first20=Saskia |last21=Paciorek |first21=Christopher J. |last22=Petry |first22=Nicolai |last23=Pfeiffer |first23=Christine M. |last24=Ramirez-Luzuriaga |first24=Maria J. |last25=Rogers |first25=Lisa M. |last26=Rohner |first26=Fabian |last27=Sethi |first27=Vani |last28=Suchdev |first28=Parminder S. |last29=Tessema |first29=Masresha |last30=Villapando |first30=Salvador |last31=Wieringa |first31=Frank T. |last32=Williams |first32=Anne M. |last33=Woldeyahannes |first33=Meseret |last34=Young |first34=Melissa F. |title=Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide: a pooled analysis of individual-level data from population-representative surveys |journal=The Lancet Global Health |date=1 November 2022 |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=e1590–e1599 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00367-9 |pmid=36240826 |s2cid=252857990 |language=English |issn=2214-109X}}</ref>
  • 2 November – Scientists show that cells move faster in thicker (higher viscosity) fluids. Cancer cells can form memory of extracellular fluid, helping them to form distant cancerous colonies more efficiently when exposed to fluids of higher viscosities.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Cancer Cells Gather Speed in Thicker Fluids |url=https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/cancer-cells-gather-speed-in-thicker-fluids-70781 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=The Scientist Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Bera |first1=Kaustav |last2=Kiepas |first2=Alexander |last3=Godet |first3=Inês |last4=Li |first4=Yizeng |last5=Mehta |first5=Pranav |last6=Ifemembi |first6=Brent |last7=Paul |first7=Colin D. |last8=Sen |first8=Anindya |last9=Serra |first9=Selma A. |last10=Stoletov |first10=Konstantin |last11=Tao |first11=Jiaxiang |last12=Shatkin |first12=Gabriel |last13=Lee |first13=Se Jong |last14=Zhang |first14=Yuqi |last15=Boen |first15=Adrianna |date=November 2022 |title=Extracellular fluid viscosity enhances cell migration and cancer dissemination |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=611 |issue=7935 |pages=365–373 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05394-6 |pmid=36323783 |pmc=9646524 |bibcode=2022Natur.611..365B |s2cid=253267986 |issn=1476-4687}}
  • Medical school press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Extracellular viscosity linked to cancer spread |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/969915 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=EurekAlert! |language=en}}</ref>
  • 3 November – Astronomers using the IXPE space observatory report that 4U 0142+61, a magnetar found 13,000 light-years from Earth, likely has a solid surface with no atmosphere.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Magnetised dead star likely has solid surface |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2022/nov/magnetised-dead-star-likely-has-solid-surface |work=UCL |date=3 November 2022|access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Taverna |first1=Roberto |last2=Turolla |first2=Roberto |last3=Muleri |first3=Fabio |display-authors=et al. |title=Polarized x-rays from a magnetar |journal=Science |date=11 November 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6620 |pages=646–650 |doi=10.1126/science.add0080 |pmid=36356124 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add0080 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|arxiv=2205.08898|bibcode=2022Sci...378..646T |s2cid=248863030 }}</ref>
  • 4 November – The discovery of Gaia BH1, a binary system containing what is likely the closest known black hole to Earth, is reported by astronomers in the U.S.<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=Astronomers discover closest black hole to earth |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/11/221104113504.htm |access-date=4 November 2022 |date=5 November 2022 |website=Science Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=A Sun-like star orbiting a black hole |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |year=2023 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac3140|arxiv=2209.06833|last1=El-Badry |first1=Kareem |last2=Rix |first2=Hans-Walter |last3=Quataert |first3=Eliot |last4=Howard |first4=Andrew W. |last5=Isaacson |first5=Howard |last6=Fuller |first6=Jim |last7=Hawkins |first7=Keith |last8=Breivik |first8=Katelyn |last9=Wong |first9=Kaze W K. |last10=Rodriguez |first10=Antonio C. |last11=Conroy |first11=Charlie |last12=Shahaf |first12=Sahar |last13=Mazeh |first13=Tsevi |last14=Arenou |first14=Frédéric |last15=Burdge |first15=Kevin B. |last16=Bashi |first16=Dolev |last17=Faigler |first17=Simchon |last18=Weisz |first18=Daniel R. |last19=Seeburger |first19=Rhys |last20=Almada Monter |first20=Silvia |last21=Wojno |first21=Jennifer |volume=518 |pages=1057–1085 }}</ref>
  • 6–18 November – The 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) on climate change mitigation takes place in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt.<ref name="cop27">{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Dickie |first1=Gloria |title=COP27: World on track to increase emissions 10.6% by 2030 - UN report |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/cop27-world-track-increase-emissions-106-by-2030-un-report-2022-10-26/ |access-date=31 October 2022 |work=Reuters |date=26 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Friedman |first1=Lisa |title=What Is COP27? And Other Questions About the Big U.N. Climate Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/cop27-climate-change-summit.html |access-date=31 October 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=31 October 2022}}</ref>
  • 7 November
  • University press release: Template:Cite news</ref>
    • The development of organic artificial neurons that function in and with biological systems, partly Template:See above mimicking neurons' communication, is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Sarkar |first1=Tanmoy |last2=Lieberth |first2=Katharina |last3=Pavlou |first3=Aristea |last4=Frank |first4=Thomas |last5=Mailaender |first5=Volker |last6=McCulloch |first6=Iain |last7=Blom |first7=Paul W. M. |last8=Torricelli |first8=Fabrizio |last9=Gkoupidenis |first9=Paschalis |title=An organic artificial spiking neuron for in situ neuromorphic sensing and biointerfacing |journal=Nature Electronics |date=November 2022 |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=774–783 |doi=10.1038/s41928-022-00859-y |s2cid=253413801 |language=en |issn=2520-1131}}</ref>
  • 9 November
  • University press release: Template:Cite news</ref>
  • 10 November
  • Press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=News - Climate TRACE |url=https://climatetrace.org/news/more-than-70000-of-the-highest-emitting-greenhouse-gas |access-date=18 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
      • Around the acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk (27 Oct), interest in alternatives to the site – described as "one of the world's most high-profile information ecosystems", a contemporary suboptimal public square, and as heavily used by many journalists and news media – increases substantially. However, no alternative such as Mastodon, Reddit or the Bluesky protocol was found to match Template:Tooltip such as ease of use to date, in terms of being able to substitute the site.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Ortutay |first1=Barbara |title=Twitter drama too much? Mastodon, others emerge as options |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-11-twitter-drama-mastodon-emerge-options.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Urbain |first1=Thomas |title=What could a world without Twitter look like? |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-11-world-twitter.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=The best Twitter alternatives |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-twitter-alternatives/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=ZDNET |language=en}}</ref>
      • Two studies demonstrate platform-built-in as well browser-integrated misinformation mitigation (11 Nov).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Jahanbakhsh |first1=Farnaz |last2=Zhang |first2=Amy X. |last3=Karger |first3=David R. |title=Leveraging Structured Trusted-Peer Assessments to Combat Misinformation |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |date=11 November 2022 |volume=6 |issue=CSCW2 |pages=524:1–524:40 |doi=10.1145/3555637|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Jahanbakhsh |first1=Farnaz |last2=Zhang |first2=Amy X. |last3=Karahalios |first3=Karrie |last4=Karger |first4=David R. |title=Our Browser Extension Lets Readers Change the Headlines on News Articles, and You Won't Believe What They Did! |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |date=11 November 2022 |volume=6 |issue=CSCW2 |pages=530:1–530:33 |doi=10.1145/3555643|doi-access=free}}</ref>
      • Researchers develop falsity scores for over 800 contemporary elites on Twitter and associated exposure scores (21 Nov).<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New MIT Sloan research measures exposure to misinformation from political elites on Twitter |url=https://apnews.com/press-release/pr-newswire/misinformation-701fb46656eb2197a845f789857d83b2 |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=AP NEWS |date=29 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mosleh |first1=Mohsen |last2=Rand |first2=David G. |title=Measuring exposure to misinformation from political elites on Twitter |journal=Nature Communications |date=21 November 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7144 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34769-6 |pmid=36414634 |pmc=9681735 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7144M |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
      • News outlets report about the first fully self-supervised anti-money laundering AI software using contemporary suboptimal datasets, LaundroGraph (24 Nov/26 Oct).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cardoso |first1=Mário |last2=Saleiro |first2=Pedro |last3=Bizarro |first3=Pedro |title=LaundroGraph: Self-Supervised Graph Representation Learning for Anti-Money Laundering |journal=Proceedings of the Third ACM International Conference on AI in Finance |date=26 October 2022 |pages=130–138 |doi=10.1145/3533271.3561727 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|arxiv=2210.14360|isbn=9781450393768 |s2cid=253022343 }}</ref>
  • 11 November – The Global Carbon Project reports that carbon emissions in 2022 remain at record levels, with no sign of the decrease that is needed to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. At the current rate, the carbon that can still be emitted while still meeting the 1.5 °C global goal will likely (at a 50% chance) be emitted within only around nine years.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=COP27: Key climate goal of 1.5C rise faces new challenge |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63591796 |work=BBC News |date=11 November 2022|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Global Carbon Budget |url=https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/22/events-prm.htm |work=Global Carbon Project |date=11 November 2022|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Friedlingstein |first1=Pierre |last2=O'Sullivan |first2=Michael |last3=Jones |first3=Matthew W. |last4=Andrew |first4=Robbie M. |last5=Gregor |first5=Luke |last6=Hauck |first6=Judith |last7=Le Quéré |first7=Corinne |last8=Luijkx |first8=Ingrid T. |display-authors=et al. |title=Global Carbon Budget 2022 |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=11 November 2022 |volume=14 |issue=11 |pages=4811–4900 |doi=10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022 |bibcode=2022ESSD...14.4811F |language=English |issn=1866-3508|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 12 November – Astronomers, using the Hubble Space Telescope, report the discovery of one of the most metal-poor galaxies known. This nearby dwarf galaxy, 20 million light-years away and 1,200 light-years across, is named HIPASS J1131–31 (nicknamed the "Peekaboo" galaxy).<ref name="SA-20221216">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="MN-20221112">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Karachentsev, J.D. |display-authors=et al. |title=Peekaboo: the extremely metal poor dwarf galaxy HIPASS J1131-31 |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/518/4/5893/6825465 |date=12 November 2022 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=518 |issue=4 |pages=5893–5903 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac3284 |accessdate=17 December 2022 }}</ref>
  • 14 November
    • Archaeologists report the oldest likely evidence (via heated fish teeth from a deep cave) of controlled use of fire to cook food by archaic humans ~780,000 years ago.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Ancient human relative used fire, surprising discoveries suggest |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/12/05/homo-naledi-fire-evolution/ |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zohar |first1=Irit |last2=Alperson-Afil |first2=Nira |last3=Goren-Inbar |first3=Naama |last4=Prévost |first4=Marion |last5=Tütken |first5=Thomas |last6=Sisma-Ventura |first6=Guy |last7=Hershkovitz |first7=Israel |last8=Najorka |first8=Jens |title=Evidence for the cooking of fish 780,000 years ago at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |date=December 2022 |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=2016–2028 |doi=10.1038/s41559-022-01910-z |pmid=36376603 |s2cid=253522354 |language=en |issn=2397-334X |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365369121 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
    • After being linked to risks for obesity,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Park |first1=Yong-Moon Mark |last2=White |first2=Alexandra J. |last3=Jackson |first3=Chandra L. |last4=Weinberg |first4=Clarice R. |last5=Sandler |first5=Dale P. |title=Association of Exposure to Artificial Light at Night While Sleeping With Risk of Obesity in Women |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 August 2019 |volume=179 |issue=8 |pages=1061–1071 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0571|pmid=31180469 |pmc=6563591 }}</ref> mental disorders,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tancredi |first1=Stefano |last2=Urbano |first2=Teresa |last3=Vinceti |first3=Marco |last4=Filippini |first4=Tommaso |title=Artificial light at night and risk of mental disorders: A systematic review |journal=Science of the Total Environment |date=August 2022 |volume=833 |pages=155185 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155185|pmid=35417728 |bibcode=2022ScTEn.833o5185T |s2cid=248093823 }}</ref> and potentially other health issues,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||title=Artificial Light at Night: State of the Science 2022 |url=https://www.darksky.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IDA-State-of-the-Science-2022-EN.pdf |publisher=International Dark-Sky Association |access-date=17 December 2022 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.6903500 |date=9 June 2022|last1=Barentine |first1=John C. }}</ref> a study finds a likely association between (contemporary types of) outdoor artificial light at night and diabetes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Impaired Glucose Homeostasis Seen With Exposure to Artificial Light at Night - Physician's Weekly |url=https://www.physiciansweekly.com/impaired-glucose-homeostasis-seen-with-exposure-to-artificial-light-at-night/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |date=1 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zheng |first1=Ruizhi |last2=Xin |first2=Zhuojun |last3=Li |first3=Mian |last4=Wang |first4=Tiange |last5=Xu |first5=Min |last6=Lu |first6=Jieli |last7=Dai |first7=Meng |last8=Zhang |first8=Di |last9=Chen |first9=Yuhong |last10=Wang |first10=Shuangyuan |last11=Lin |first11=Hong |last12=Wang |first12=Weiqing |last13=Ning |first13=Guang |last14=Bi |first14=Yufang |last15=Zhao |first15=Zhiyun |last16=Xu |first16=Yu |title=Outdoor light at night in relation to glucose homoeostasis and diabetes in Chinese adults: a national and cross-sectional study of 98,658 participants from 162 study sites |journal=Diabetologia |date=14 November 2022 |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=336–345 |doi=10.1007/s00125-022-05819-x |pmid=36372821 |s2cid=253509635 |language=en |issn=1432-0428}}</ref>
  • 15 November
    • A scientific review finds that human sperm counts fell by 62% in the last 50 years and are decreasing at an accelerating rate,<ref name="spermcountsdeclines">{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Humans could face reproductive crisis as sperm count declines, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/nov/15/humans-could-face-reproductive-crisis-as-sperm-count-declines-study-finds |work=The Guardian |date=15 November 2022|access-date=27 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Levine |first1=Hagai |last2=Jørgensen |first2=Niels |last3=Martino-Andrade |first3=Anderson |last4=Mendiola |first4=Jaime |last5=Weksler-Derri |first5=Dan |last6=Jolles |first6=Maya |last7=Pinotti |first7=Rachel |last8=Swan |first8=Shanna H |title=Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries |journal=Human Reproduction |date=15 November 2022 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=157–176 |doi=10.1093/humupd/dmac035|pmid=36377604 }}</ref> likely a result of factors such as poor diets, endocrine disruptors in prevalent products, unhealthy lifestyles and toxic forever chemicals in air and water.<ref name="spermcountsdeclines"/>
    • A study using neuroimaging identifies rapid GABA boosting as a major potential explanation-component for why learning is often more efficient in children.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Brain scans shed light on how kids learn faster than adults |url=https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2022/11/17/brain-scans-children-learn/9721668697147/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=UPI |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Frank |first1=Sebastian M. |last2=Becker |first2=Markus |last3=Qi |first3=Andrea |last4=Geiger |first4=Patricia |last5=Frank |first5=Ulrike I. |last6=Rosedahl |first6=Luke A. |last7=Malloni |first7=Wilhelm M. |last8=Sasaki |first8=Yuka |last9=Greenlee |first9=Mark W. |last10=Watanabe |first10=Takeo |title=Efficient learning in children with rapid GABA boosting during and after training |journal=Current Biology |date=5 December 2022 |volume=32 |issue=23 |pages=5022–5030.e7 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.021 |pmid=36384138 |language=English |issn=0960-9822|biorxiv=10.1101/2022.01.02.474022|s2cid=253571891 }}</ref>
    • Scientists report leprosy-causing bacteria viably regenerate and rejuvenate the liver in its armadillos hosts, which may enable novel human therapies.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Fauzia |first1=Miriam |title=The bacteria that causes leprosy can also help regrow human livers |url=https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/leprosy-causing-bacteria-regrow-human-livers |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Inverse |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hess |first1=Samuel |last2=Kendall |first2=Timothy J. |last3=Pena |first3=Maria |last4=Yamane |first4=Keitaro |last5=Soong |first5=Daniel |last6=Adams |first6=Linda |last7=Truman |first7=Richard |last8=Rambukkana |first8=Anura |title=In vivo partial reprogramming by bacteria promotes adult liver organ growth without fibrosis and tumorigenesis |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |date=15 November 2022 |volume=3 |issue=11 |page=100820 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100820 |pmid=36384103 |pmc=9729881 |s2cid=253577148 |language=English |issn=2666-3791}}</ref>
  • 16 November
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=A navigation system with 10 centimeter accuracy |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2022-11-centimeter-accuracy.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Delft University of Technology via techxplore.com |language=en}}</ref>
File:Witchcraft beliefs around the world in the present.png
23 November: A study reports estimated contemporary prevalence and associations with belief in witchcraft around the world, which (in their data) varied between 9% and 90% between nations and is still a widespread element in worldviews globally.<ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0276872"/>
  • 18 November – Researchers theorize that in many disciplines, larger scientific productivity or success by elite universities can be explained by their larger pool of available funded laborers.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Why it pays to join a big research group if you want to be more scientifically productive |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/why-it-pays-to-join-a-big-research-group-if-you-want-to-be-more-scientifically-productive/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=Physics World |date=24 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Sam |last2=Wapman |first2=K. Hunter |last3=Larremore |first3=Daniel B. |last4=Clauset |first4=Aaron |title=Labor advantages drive the greater productivity of faculty at elite universities |journal=Science Advances |date=16 November 2022 |volume=8 |issue=46 |pages=eabq7056 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abq7056 |pmid=36399560 |pmc=9674273 |arxiv=2204.05989 |bibcode=2022SciA....8.7056Z |language=en |issn=2375-2548}}</ref> A commentary notes that academic rankings don't consider where (country and institute) the respective researchers were trained (1 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=La Porta |first1=Caterina AM |last2=Zapperi |first2=Stefano |title=America's top universities reap the benefit of Italian-trained scientists |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d43978-022-00163-5 |journal=Nature Italy |access-date=18 December 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d43978-022-00163-5 |date=1 December 2022|s2cid=254331807 }}</ref>
  • 19 November – Researchers report determinants of alertness after waking up.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=What are the factors that affect how alert we feel in the morning? |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/feeling-tired-in-the-morning-4-factors-are-key-to-alertness-levels |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.medicalnewstoday.com |date=29 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vallat |first1=Raphael |last2=Berry |first2=Sarah E. |last3=Tsereteli |first3=Neli |last4=Capdevila |first4=Joan |last5=Khatib |first5=Haya Al |last6=Valdes |first6=Ana M. |last7=Delahanty |first7=Linda M. |last8=Drew |first8=David A. |last9=Chan |first9=Andrew T. |last10=Wolf |first10=Jonathan |last11=Franks |first11=Paul W. |last12=Spector |first12=Tim D. |last13=Walker |first13=Matthew P. |title=How people wake up is associated with previous night's sleep together with physical activity and food intake |journal=Nature Communications |date=19 November 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7116 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34503-2 |pmid=36402781 |pmc=9675783 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7116V |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 21 November
    • Scientists in Papua New Guinea record the black-naped pheasant pigeon for the first time in 140 years.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
    • A GBD study reports the first global estimates of death rates from (33) bacterial pathogens, finding such infections are contributing to one in 8 deaths (or ~7.7 million deaths), which Template:Tooltip the second largest cause of death globally in 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Hou |first1=Chia-Yi |title=Bacterial infections linked to 1 in 8 deaths in 2019 |url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/prevention-cures/3748033-bacterial-infections-linked-to-1-in-8-deaths-in-2019/ |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=The Hill |date=23 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ikuta |first1=Kevin S. |last2=Swetschinski |first2=Lucien R. |last3=Aguilar |first3=Gisela Robles |last4=Sharara |first4=Fablina |last5=Mestrovic |first5=Tomislav |last6=Gray |first6=Authia P. |last7=Weaver |first7=Nicole Davis |last8=Wool |first8=Eve E. |display-authors=et al. |title=Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 |journal=The Lancet |date=21 November 2022 |volume=400 |issue=10369 |pages=2221–2248 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02185-7 |pmid=36423648 |pmc=9763654 |language=English |issn=0140-6736 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • A pulsed electric field-based shark and ray bycatch mitigation device is reported, SharkGuard.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New gadget could reduce shark bycatch by 90% |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/nov/21/new-gadget-could-reduce-shark-bycatch-by-90 |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=21 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Doherty |first1=Philip D. |last2=Enever |first2=Robert |last3=Omeyer |first3=Lucy C. M. |last4=Tivenan |first4=Lydia |last5=Course |first5=Grant |last6=Pasco |first6=Guy |last7=Thomas |first7=David |last8=Sullivan |first8=Ben |last9=Kibel |first9=Ben |last10=Kibel |first10=Pete |last11=Godley |first11=Brendan J. |title=Efficacy of a novel shark bycatch mitigation device in a tuna longline fishery |journal=Current Biology |date=21 November 2022 |volume=32 |issue=22 |pages=R1260–R1261 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.003 |pmid=36413965 |language=English |issn=0960-9822|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 22 November
  • 23 November
    • Acoustic Nanoscale Separation via Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance (ANSWER) is demonstrated as a way of separating nanoparticles, especially small extracellular vesicles, from biofluids in under 10 minutes.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||date=2 December 2022 |title='Virtual pillars' separate and sort blood-based nanoparticles |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-12-virtual-pillars-blood-based-nanoparticles.html |access-date=4 December 2022 |website=Phys.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Jinxin |last2=Chen |first2=Chuyi |last3=Becker |first3=Ryan |last4=Rufo |first4=Joseph |last5=Yang |first5=Shujie |last6=Mai |first6=John |last7=Zhang |first7=Peiran |last8=Gu |first8=Yuyang |last9=Wang |first9=Zeyu |last10=Ma |first10=Zhehan |last11=Xia |first11=Jianping |last12=Hao |first12=Nanjing |last13=Tian |first13=Zhenhua |last14=Wong |first14=David T. W. |last15=Sadovsky |first15=Yoel |last16=Lee |first16=Luke P. |last17=Huang |first17=Tony Jun |title=A solution to the biophysical fractionation of extracellular vesicles: Acoustic Nanoscale Separation via Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance (ANSWER) |journal=Science Advances |date=25 November 2022 |volume=8 |issue=47 |pages=eade0640 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.ade0640 |pmid=36417505 |pmc=9683722 |bibcode=2022SciA....8E.640Z |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • A study reports phages have a large variety of CRISPR-Cas systems. They possibly mayTemplate:Clarify use them to edit hosts' genes and for competitive advantages, e.g. against rival phages.Template:How These systems could be useful for CRISPR-Cas gene editing.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Ledford |first1=Heidi |title=CRISPR tools found in thousands of viruses could boost gene editing |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03837-8 |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=Nature |date=23 November 2022 |pages=21–21 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-03837-8}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=CRISPR is so popular even viruses may use it |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/crispr-so-popular-even-viruses-may-use-it |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=Science |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Al-Shayeb |first1=Basem |last2=Skopintsev |first2=Petr |last3=Soczek |first3=Katarzyna M. |last4=Stahl |first4=Elizabeth C. |last5=Li |first5=Zheng |last6=Groover |first6=Evan |last7=Smock |first7=Dylan |last8=Eggers |first8=Amy R. |last9=Pausch |first9=Patrick |last10=Cress |first10=Brady F. |last11=Huang |first11=Carolyn J. |last12=Staskawicz |first12=Brian |last13=Savage |first13=David F. |last14=Jacobsen |first14=Steven E. |last15=Banfield |first15=Jillian F. |last16=Doudna |first16=Jennifer A. |title=Diverse virus-encoded CRISPR-Cas systems include streamlined genome editors |journal=Cell |date=23 November 2022 |volume=185 |issue=24 |pages=4574–4586.e16 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.020 |pmid=36423580 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • A study reports estimated contemporary prevalence and associations with belief in witchcraft around the world, which (in their data) varied between 9% and 90% between nations and is still a widespread element in worldviews globally. It also shows associations such as with low "innovative activity", lower life expectancy and high religiosity.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Witchcraft beliefs are widespread, highly variable around the world |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-witchcraft-beliefs-widespread-highly-variable.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=Public Library of Science via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="10.1371/journal.pone.0276872">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gershman |first1=Boris |title=Witchcraft beliefs around the world: An exploratory analysis |journal=PLOS ONE |date=23 November 2022 |volume=17 |issue=11 |pages=e0276872 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0276872|pmid=36417350 |pmc=9683553 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1776872G |doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • Geneticists report that the fastest-evolved regions of the human genome, they call Template:Tooltip, "rapidly diverged in an episodic burst"Template:Clarify of positive selection prior to the human-Neanderthal split and identify over 1,500 such HAQERs that substantially distinguish humans from related other apes via datasets such as of Template:Tooltip and experiments that use embryonic mouse brains.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Human evolution: Brain, gut and immune system were fine-tuned after split from common ancestor of chimpanzees |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-11-human-evolution-brain-gut-immune.html |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Duke University via phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Mangan |first1=Riley J. |last2=Alsina |first2=Fernando C. |last3=Mosti |first3=Federica |last4=Sotelo-Fonseca |first4=Jesús Emiliano |last5=Snellings |first5=Daniel A. |last6=Au |first6=Eric H. |last7=Carvalho |first7=Juliana |last8=Sathyan |first8=Laya |last9=Johnson |first9=Graham D. |last10=Reddy |first10=Timothy E. |last11=Silver |first11=Debra L. |last12=Lowe |first12=Craig B. |title=Adaptive sequence divergence forged new neurodevelopmental enhancers in humans |journal=Cell |date=23 November 2022 |volume=185 |issue=24 |pages=4587–4603.e23 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.016 |pmid=36423581 |pmc=10013929 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|doi-access=free|pmc-embargo-date=November 23, 2023 }}</ref>
  • 24 November
    • Promising results of therapeutic candidates are reported:
      a universal flu mRNA vaccine,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Mandavilli |first1=Apoorva |title=One Step Closer to a Universal Flu Vaccine? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/29/health/universal-flu-vaccine.html |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=29 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Arevalo |first1=Claudia P. |last2=Bolton |first2=Marcus J. |last3=Le Sage |first3=Valerie |last4=Ye |first4=Naiqing |last5=Furey |first5=Colleen |last6=Muramatsu |first6=Hiromi |last7=Alameh |first7=Mohamad-Gabriel |last8=Pardi |first8=Norbert |last9=Drapeau |first9=Elizabeth M. |last10=Parkhouse |first10=Kaela |last11=Garretson |first11=Tyler |last12=Morris |first12=Jeffrey S. |last13=Moncla |first13=Louise H. |last14=Tam |first14=Ying K. |last15=Fan |first15=Steven H. Y. |last16=Lakdawala |first16=Seema S. |last17=Weissman |first17=Drew |last18=Hensley |first18=Scott E. |title=A multivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against all known influenza virus subtypes |journal=Science |date=25 November 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6622 |pages=899–904 |doi=10.1126/science.abm0271 |pmid=36423275 |bibcode=2022Sci...378..899A |s2cid=253839564 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> a phase 3 trialed RSV vaccine (1 Nov),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=New RSV vaccine data raises hopes of availability next fall |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/new-rsv-vaccine-data-raises-hopes-of-availability-next-fall |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=PBS NewsHour |date=1 November 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref> phase 3 trialed antibiotic gepotidacin against UTIs (3 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Goodman |first1=Brenda |title=New antibiotic appears to be effective against urinary tract infections, drug company says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/03/health/new-uti-antibiotic-gepotidacin/index.html |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=CNN |date=4 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>Template:Additional citation needed phase I trialed new antibiotic for gram-negative bacteria QPX9003 (20 Oct/9 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite web ||title=New antibiotic passes through the first phase of clinical trials with ease|url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/new-antibiotic-phase-i/ |access-date=10 November 2022 |date=9 November 2022 |work=Cosmos Magazine}}</ref>Template:Additional citation needed phase 2 trialed antibody CIS43LS against malaria (17 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Monoclonal antibody prevents malaria infection in African adults |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-10-monoclonal-antibody-malaria-infection-african.html |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kayentao |first1=Kassoum |last2=Ongoiba |first2=Aissata |last3=Preston |first3=Anne C. |last4=Healy |first4=Sara A. |last5=Doumbo |first5=Safiatou |last6=Doumtabe |first6=Didier |last7=Traore |first7=Abdrahamane |last8=Traore |first8=Hamadi |last9=Djiguiba |first9=Adama |last10=Li |first10=Shanping |last11=Peterson |first11=Mary E. |last12=Telscher |first12=Shinyi |last13=Idris |first13=Azza H. |last14=Kisalu |first14=Neville K. |last15=Carlton |first15=Kevin |last16=Serebryannyy |first16=Leonid |last17=Narpala |first17=Sandeep |last18=McDermott |first18=Adrian B. |last19=Gaudinski |first19=Martin |last20=Traore |first20=Siriman |last21=Cisse |first21=Hamidou |last22=Keita |first22=Mamadou |last23=Skinner |first23=Jeff |last24=Hu |first24=Zonghui |last25=Zéguimé |first25=Amatigué |last26=Ouattara |first26=Adama |last27=Doucoure |first27=M'Bouye |last28=Dolo |first28=Amagana |last29=Djimdé |first29=Abdoulaye |last30=Traore |first30=Boubacar |last31=Seder |first31=Robert A. |last32=Crompton |first32=Peter D. |title=Safety and Efficacy of a Monoclonal Antibody against Malaria in Mali |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=17 November 2022 |volume=387 |issue=20 |pages=1833–1842 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2206966 |pmid=36317783 |pmc=9881676 |s2cid=253245530 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref> phase 2 trialed acoziborole against African sleeping sickness parasites (29 Nov),<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Drug clears sleeping sickness parasite from the body in clinical trial |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2349078-drug-clears-sleeping-sickness-parasite-from-the-body-in-clinical-trial/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kumeso |first1=Victor Kande Betu |last2=Kalonji |first2=Wilfried Mutombo |last3=Rembry |first3=Sandra |last4=Mordt |first4=Olaf Valverde |last5=Tete |first5=Digas Ngolo |last6=Prêtre |first6=Adeline |last7=Delhomme |first7=Sophie |last8=Kyhi |first8=Médard Ilunga Wa |last9=Camara |first9=Mamadou |last10=Catusse |first10=Julie |last11=Schneitter |first11=Stefan |last12=Nusbaumer |first12=Morgane |last13=Miaka |first13=Erick Mwamba |last14=Mbembo |first14=Hélène Mahenzi |last15=Mayawula |first15=Joseph Makaya |last16=Camara |first16=Mariame Layba |last17=Massa |first17=Félix Akwaso |last18=Badibabi |first18=Lewis Kaninda |last19=Bonama |first19=Augustin Kasongo |last20=Lukula |first20=Papy Kavunga |last21=Kalonji |first21=Sylvain Mutanda |last22=Philemon |first22=Phyll Mariero |last23=Nganyonyi |first23=Ricardo Mokilifi |last24=Mankiara |first24=Hugues Embana |last25=Nguba |first25=André Asuka Akongo |last26=Muanza |first26=Vincent Kobo |last27=Nasandhel |first27=Ernest Mulenge |last28=Bambuwu |first28=Aimée Fifi Nzeza |last29=Scherrer |first29=Bruno |last30=Strub-Wourgaft |first30=Nathalie |last31=Tarral |first31=Antoine |title=Efficacy and safety of acoziborole in patients with human African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2/3 trial |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |date=29 November 2022 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=463–470 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00660-0 |pmid=36460027 |pmc=10033454 |language=English |issn=1473-3099|doi-access=free}}</ref> and phase 3 trialed lecanemab against Alzheimer's disease (29 Nov).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dyck |first1=Christopher H. van |last2=Swanson |first2=Chad J. |last3=Aisen |first3=Paul |last4=Bateman |first4=Randall J. |last5=Chen |first5=Christopher |last6=Gee |first6=Michelle |last7=Kanekiyo |first7=Michio |last8=Li |first8=David |last9=Reyderman |first9=Larisa |last10=Cohen |first10=Sharon |last11=Froelich |first11=Lutz |last12=Katayama |first12=Sadao |last13=Sabbagh |first13=Marwan |last14=Vellas |first14=Bruno |last15=Watson |first15=David |last16=Dhadda |first16=Shobha |last17=Irizarry |first17=Michael |last18=Kramer |first18=Lynn D. |last19=Iwatsubo |first19=Takeshi |title=Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer's Disease |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=29 November 2022 |volume=388 |issue=1 |pages=9–21 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2212948 |pmid=36449413 |s2cid=254094094 |url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2212948 |language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
    • A new CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tool for large edits without problematic double-stranded breaks is demonstrated, Template:Tooltip.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Yarnall |first1=Matthew T. N. |last2=Ioannidi |first2=Eleonora I. |last3=Schmitt-Ulms |first3=Cian |last4=Krajeski |first4=Rohan N. |last5=Lim |first5=Justin |last6=Villiger |first6=Lukas |last7=Zhou |first7=Wenyuan |last8=Jiang |first8=Kaiyi |last9=Garushyants |first9=Sofya K. |last10=Roberts |first10=Nathaniel |last11=Zhang |first11=Liyang |last12=Vakulskas |first12=Christopher A. |last13=Walker |first13=John A. |last14=Kadina |first14=Anastasia P. |last15=Zepeda |first15=Adrianna E. |last16=Holden |first16=Kevin |last17=Ma |first17=Hong |last18=Xie |first18=Jun |last19=Gao |first19=Guangping |last20=Foquet |first20=Lander |last21=Bial |first21=Greg |last22=Donnelly |first22=Sara K. |last23=Miyata |first23=Yoshinari |last24=Radiloff |first24=Daniel R. |last25=Henderson |first25=Jordana M. |last26=Ujita |first26=Andrew |last27=Abudayyeh |first27=Omar O. |last28=Gootenberg |first28=Jonathan S. |title=Drag-and-drop genome insertion of large sequences without double-strand DNA cleavage using CRISPR-directed integrases |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=24 November 2022 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=500–512 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01527-4 |pmid=36424489 |pmc=10257351 |biorxiv=10.1101/2021.11.01.466786 |s2cid=253879386 |language=en |issn=1546-1696}}</ref>
  • 29 November
    • Canadian mineralogists discover two Template:Tooltip, Elkinstantonite and Elaliite, on the 15-tonne El Ali meteorite that grounded in Somalia.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Researchers discover two new minerals on meteorite grounded in Somalia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/nov/29/researchers-discover-two-new-minerals-on-meteorite-grounded-in-somalia |work=The Guardian |date=29 November 2022|access-date=30 November 2022}}</ref>
    • A study maps common disease combinations or multimorbidity patterns,<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Greaves |first1=Mark |title=Mapping the hidden connections between diseases |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-12-hidden-diseases.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=University College London via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Kuan |first1=Valerie |last2=Denaxas |first2=Spiros |last3=Patalay |first3=Praveetha |display-authors=et al. |title=Identifying and visualising multimorbidity and comorbidity patterns in patients in the English National Health Service: a population-based study |journal=The Lancet Digital Health |date=29 November 2022 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=e16–e27 |doi=10.1016/S2589-7500(22)00187-X |pmid=36460578 |s2cid=254129048 |language=English |issn=2589-7500}}</ref> a "growing public health problem worldwide".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Hariri |first1=Parisa |last2=Clarke |first2=Robert |last3=Bragg |first3=Fiona |last4=Chen |first4=Yiping |last5=Guo |first5=Yu |last6=Yang |first6=Ling |last7=Lv |first7=Jun |last8=Yu |first8=Canqing |last9=Li |first9=Liming |last10=Chen |first10=Zhengming |last11=Bennett |first11=Derrick A |title=Frequency and types of clusters of major chronic diseases in 0.5 million adults in urban and rural China |journal=Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity |date=January 2022 |volume=12 |pages=263355652210983 |doi=10.1177/26335565221098327 |pmid=35615751 |pmc=9125108 |language=en |issn=2633-5565}}</ref>
  • 30 November
    • An electrolysis system for viable hydrogen production from seawater without requiring a pre-desalination process, which could make it less flexible and more costly, is reported.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Timmer |first1=John |title=New device can make hydrogen when dunked in salt water |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/11/waterproof-clothing-concept-used-to-make-hydrogen-from-seawater/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Ars Technica |date=30 November 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Xie |first1=Heping |last2=Zhao |first2=Zhiyu |last3=Liu |first3=Tao |last4=Wu |first4=Yifan |last5=Lan |first5=Cheng |last6=Jiang |first6=Wenchuan |last7=Zhu |first7=Liangyu |last8=Wang |first8=Yunpeng |last9=Yang |first9=Dongsheng |last10=Shao |first10=Zongping |title=A membrane-based seawater electrolyser for hydrogen generation |journal=Nature |date=30 November 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7941 |pages=673–678 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05379-5 |pmid=36450987 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..673X |s2cid=254123372 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365890373%7Curl-access=subscription}}</ref>
    • A study deploying protein imaging of adult mice suggests adult brains contain, at the tips of filopodia, many (~30% of all dendritic protrusions) "silent synapses" that are inactive until recruited as part of neural plasticity and flexible learning or memories, previously thought to be present mainly in the developing pre-adult brain and to die off with time.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Lloreda |first1=Claudia López |title=Adult mouse brains are teeming with 'silent synapses' |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/adult-mouse-brains-silent-synapses-memories |access-date=18 December 2022 |date=16 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vardalaki |first1=Dimitra |last2=Chung |first2=Kwanghun |last3=Harnett |first3=Mark T. |title=Filopodia are a structural substrate for silent synapses in adult neocortex |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7939 |pages=323–327 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05483-6 |pmid=36450984 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..323V |s2cid=254122483 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05483-6 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}
  • University press release: Template:Cite news</ref>
    • Scientists develop a quantum experiment allowing the observation of a kind of theoretical wormhole in a SYK "baby" physical model which some, but not all, consider potentially useful for the development of quantum gravity theories.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||last1=Castelvecchi |first1=Davide |title=Did physicists create a wormhole in a quantum computer? |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04201-6 |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Nature |date=1 December 2022 |pages=201–202 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-04201-6}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite news ||title=Physicists Create a Holographic Wormhole Using a Quantum Computer |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-create-a-wormhole-using-a-quantum-computer-20221130/ |work=Quanta Magazine|date=30 November 2022|access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Jafferis |first1=Daniel |last2=Zlokapa |first2=Alexander |last3=Lykken |first3=Joseph D. |last4=Kolchmeyer |first4=David K. |last5=Davis |first5=Samantha I. |last6=Lauk |first6=Nikolai |last7=Neven |first7=Hartmut |last8=Spiropulu |first8=Maria |title=Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7938 |pages=51–55 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05424-3 |pmid=36450904 |bibcode=2022Natur.612...51J |s2cid=254099207 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365890516 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}
  • University press release: {{#invoke:cite news ||title=Physicists observe wormhole dynamics using a quantum computer |url=https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/physicists-observe-wormhole-dynamics-using-a-quantum-computer |work=Caltech |date=30 November 2022|access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>

December[edit]

File:Preamplifier at the National Ignition Facility.jpg
13 December: Net energy gain in fusion power is reported at the National Ignition Facility.
  • 1 December
    • Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope report viewing clouds, likely made of methane, moving across Saturn's moon Titan.<ref name="SPC-20221201">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="NYT-20221205">Template:Cite news</ref>
    • Genomic epidemiologists report results from a global survey of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) via genomic wastewater-based epidemiology, finding large regional variations, providing maps, and suggesting resistance genes are also passed on between microbial species that are not closely related.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Munk |first1=Patrick |last2=Brinch |first2=Christian |last3=Møller |first3=Frederik Duus |last4=Petersen |first4=Thomas N. |last5=Hendriksen |first5=Rene S. |last6=Seyfarth |first6=Anne Mette |last7=Kjeldgaard |first7=Jette S. |last8=Svendsen |first8=Christina Aaby |last9=van Bunnik |first9=Bram |last10=Berglund |first10=Fanny |last11=Larsson |first11=D. G. Joakim |last12=Koopmans |first12=Marion |last13=Woolhouse |first13=Mark |last14=Aarestrup |first14=Frank M. |title=Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance |journal=Nature Communications |date=1 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7251 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34312-7 |pmid=36456547 |pmc=9715550 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7251M |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref> On 9 December, the WHO's fifth Template:Tooltip report summarizes 2020 data on inter-national AMR, including various new features and an interactive dashboard.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
    • Scientists report the measurement of the highest toughness ever recorded, of any material, while investigating a metallic alloy made of chromium, cobalt, and nickel.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Liu |first1=Dong |last2=Yu |first2=Qin |last3=Kabra |first3=Saurabh |last4=Jiang |first4=Ming |last5=Forna-Kreutzer |first5=Paul |last6=Zhang |first6=Ruopeng |last7=Payne |first7=Madelyn |last8=Walsh |first8=Flynn |last9=Gludovatz |first9=Bernd |last10=Asta |first10=Mark |last11=Minor |first11=Andrew M. |last12=George |first12=Easo P. |last13=Ritchie |first13=Robert O. |title=Exceptional fracture toughness of CrCoNi-based medium- and high-entropy alloys at 20 kelvin |journal=Science |date=2 December 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6623 |pages=978–983 |doi=10.1126/science.abp8070 |pmid=36454850 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|arxiv=2204.01635|bibcode=2022Sci...378..978L |s2cid=247939585 }}</ref>
  • 4 December – Chemical engineers report a method to substantially increase conversion efficiency and reduce material costs of green hydrogen production by using sound waves during electrolysis.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ehrnst |first1=Yemima |last2=Sherrell |first2=Peter C. |last3=Rezk |first3=Amgad R. |last4=Yeo |first4=Leslie Y. |title=Acoustically-Induced Water Frustration for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Neutral Electrolytes |journal=Advanced Energy Materials |date=4 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=2203164 |doi=10.1002/aenm.202203164 |s2cid=254299691 |language=en |issn=1614-6832}}</ref>
  • 5 December
    • Construction begins on the Square Kilometer Array, the largest telescope in history.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
    • A review summarizes current scientific data about cardiovascular health effects of a large number of dietary supplements and micronutrients, including with a heat map visualizing evidence quality and Template:Tooltip.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=An |first1=Peng |last2=Wan |first2=Sitong |last3=Luo |first3=Yongting |last4=Luo |first4=Junjie |last5=Zhang |first5=Xu |last6=Zhou |first6=Shuaishuai |last7=Xu |first7=Teng |last8=He |first8=Jingjing |last9=Mechanick |first9=Jeffrey I. |last10=Wu |first10=Wen-Chih |last11=Ren |first11=Fazheng |last12=Liu |first12=Simin |title=Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk |journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology |date=13 December 2022 |volume=80 |issue=24 |pages=2269–2285 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.048 |pmid=36480969 |s2cid=254343574 |language=en |issn=0735-1097}}</ref>
    • Health/eco-economics:
      • A study projects the costs of inaction on physical inactivity in terms of number of cases of preventable major NCDs and healthcare system finances.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Santos |first1=Andreia Costa |last2=Willumsen |first2=Juana |last3=Meheus |first3=Filip |last4=Ilbawi |first4=Andre |last5=Bull |first5=Fiona C. |title=The cost of inaction on physical inactivity to public health-care systems: a population-attributable fraction analysis |journal=The Lancet Global Health |date=1 January 2023 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=e32–e39 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00464-8 |pmid=36480931 |pmc=9748301 |language=English |issn=2214-109X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
      • Results of a trial investigating financial incentives for health, in particular for weight loss, are reported (5 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ladapo |first1=Joseph A. |last2=Orstad |first2=Stephanie L. |last3=Wali |first3=Soma |last4=Wylie-Rosett |first4=Judith |last5=Tseng |first5=Chi-Hong |last6=Chung |first6=Un Young Rebecca |last7=Cuevas |first7=Miguel A. |last8=Hernandez |first8=Christina |last9=Parraga |first9=Susan |last10=Ponce |first10=Robert |last11=Sweat |first11=Victoria |last12=Wittleder |first12=Sandra |last13=Wallach |first13=Andrew B. |last14=Shu |first14=Suzanne B. |last15=Goldstein |first15=Noah J. |last16=Jay |first16=Melanie |title=Effectiveness of Goal-Directed and Outcome-Based Financial Incentives for Weight Loss in Primary Care Patients With Obesity Living in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Neighborhoods: A Randomized Clinical Trial |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 January 2023 |volume=183 |issue=1 |pages=61–69 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.5618 |pmid=36469353 |pmc=9857219 |s2cid=254244529 |issn=2168-6106|pmc-embargo-date=December 5, 2023 }}</ref>
      • Researchers provide first estimates of global costs of inadequate pollination (14 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Smith |first1=Matthew R. |last2=Mueller |first2=Nathaniel D. |last3=Springmann |first3=Marco |last4=Sulser |first4=Timothy B. |last5=Garibaldi |first5=Lucas A. |last6=Gerber |first6=James |last7=Wiebe |first7=Keith |last8=Myers |first8=Samuel S. |title=Pollinator Deficits, Food Consumption, and Consequences for Human Health: A Modeling Study |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |year=2022 |volume=130 |issue=12 |pages=127003 |doi=10.1289/EHP10947|pmid=36515549 |pmc=9749483 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
      • Results of a trial on effects of climate change impact menu labels on fast food ordering choices (27 Dec).<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wolfson |first1=Julia A. |last2=Musicus |first2=Aviva A. |last3=Leung |first3=Cindy W. |last4=Gearhardt |first4=Ashley N. |last5=Falbe |first5=Jennifer |title=Effect of Climate Change Impact Menu Labels on Fast Food Ordering Choices Among US Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=27 December 2022 |volume=5 |issue=12 |pages=e2248320 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.48320|pmid=36574248 |pmc=9857560 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
File:Mapping estimated P-scores (excess deaths relative to expected deaths).webp
14 December: A WHO study comprehensively estimates excess deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021, concluding ~14.8 million excess early deaths occurred<ref name="10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2"/>
  • 6 December
    • Scientists provide a mechanistic biological explanation for why upper respiratory tract infections are [[Respiratory tract infection#Epidemiology|more prevalent in the Template:Tooltip]], previously largely explained only by behavioral and environmental variations. They found cold exposure impairs extracellular vesicle (EV) swarm–mediated antiviral immunity in the nose – fewer EVs are secreted and they become less effective.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Huang |first1=Di |last2=Taha |first2=Maie S. |last3=Nocera |first3=Angela L. |last4=Workman |first4=Alan D. |last5=Amiji |first5=Mansoor M. |last6=Bleier |first6=Benjamin S. |title=Cold exposure impairs extracellular vesicle swarm–mediated nasal antiviral immunity |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |date=6 December 2022 |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=509–525.e8 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.037 |pmid=36494212 |s2cid=254387141 |language=English |issn=0091-6749}}</ref>
    • Impossible Metals announces its first underwater robotic vehicle, 'Eureka 1', has completed its first trial of selectively harvesting polymetallic nodule rocks from the seabed nearly without harming the environment (as with other seabed mining) to help address the rising global need for metals for renewable energy system components, mainly batteries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
    • Researchers propose "significantly increasing freshwater through the capture of humid air over oceans" to address present and, especially, future water scarcity/insecurity.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Rahman |first1=Afeefa |last2=Kumar |first2=Praveen |last3=Dominguez |first3=Francina |title=Increasing freshwater supply to sustainably address global water security at scale |journal=Scientific Reports |date=6 December 2022 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=20262 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-24314-2 |pmid=36473864 |pmc=9726751 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1220262R |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}
  • University press release: Template:Cite news</ref>
    • Emulate researchers assess advantages of using liver-chips predicting drug-induced liver injury which could reduce the high costs and time needed in drug development workflows/pipelines, sometimes described as the pharmaceutical industry's "productivity crisis".<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Nahle |first1=Zaher |title=A proof-of-concept study poised to remodel the drug development process |journal=Frontiers in Medical Technology |doi=10.3389/fmedt.2022.1053588 |date=2022|volume=4 |pmid=36590153 |pmc=9800902 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Ewart |first1=Lorna |last2=Apostolou |first2=Athanasia |last3=Briggs |first3=Skyler A. |last4=Carman |first4=Christopher V. |last5=Chaff |first5=Jake T. |last6=Heng |first6=Anthony R. |last7=Jadalannagari |first7=Sushma |last8=Janardhanan |first8=Jeshina |last9=Jang |first9=Kyung-Jin |last10=Joshipura |first10=Sannidhi R. |last11=Kadam |first11=Mahika M. |last12=Kanellias |first12=Marianne |last13=Kujala |first13=Ville J. |last14=Kulkarni |first14=Gauri |last15=Le |first15=Christopher Y. |last16=Lucchesi |first16=Carolina |last17=Manatakis |first17=Dimitris V. |last18=Maniar |first18=Kairav K. |last19=Quinn |first19=Meaghan E. |last20=Ravan |first20=Joseph S. |last21=Rizos |first21=Ann Catherine |last22=Sauld |first22=John F. K. |last23=Sliz |first23=Josiah D. |last24=Tien-Street |first24=William |last25=Trinidad |first25=Dennis Ramos |last26=Velez |first26=James |last27=Wendell |first27=Max |last28=Irrechukwu |first28=Onyi |last29=Mahalingaiah |first29=Prathap Kumar |last30=Ingber |first30=Donald E. |last31=Scannell |first31=Jack W. |last32=Levner |first32=Daniel |title=Performance assessment and economic analysis of a human Liver-Chip for predictive toxicology |journal=Communications Medicine |date=6 December 2022 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=154 |doi=10.1038/s43856-022-00209-1 |pmid=36473994 |pmc=9727064 |language=en |issn=2730-664X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • An astronomer concludes that the first interstellar probe to transit between two civilizations is not likely to be the civilization's earliest but a more advanced one as (at least) the departure speed is thought to (likely) improve for at least some duration per each civilization, which may be relevant to the interpretation of UAP via their "flight characteristics".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Smith |first1=Graeme H. |title=On the first probe to transit between two interstellar civilizations |journal=International Journal of Astrobiology |date=n.d. |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=185–196 |doi=10.1017/S1473550422000428 |bibcode=2023IJAsB..22..185S |s2cid=254395958 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/abs/on-the-first-probe-to-transit-between-two-interstellar-civilizations/00AEDC0E153C45A576DE78EFA5E2F85A |language=en |issn=1473-5504|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 7 December
    • Scientists report that two-million years old genetic material was found in Greenland, and is currently considered the oldest DNA discovered so far.<ref name="NYT-20221207">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="NAT-20221207">{{#invoke:cite journal ||author=Kjær, Kurt H. |display-authors=et al. |title=A 2-million-year-old ecosystem in Greenland uncovered by environmental DNA |date=7 December 2022 |journal=Nature |volume=612 |issue=7939 |pages=283–291 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05453-y |pmid=36477129 |pmc=9729109 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..283K }}</ref>
    • Scientists propose a new supergroup of eukaryotes, termed Provora – predators of other microorganisms which have been overlooked due to numerical rarity.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tikhonenkov |first1=Denis V. |last2=Mikhailov |first2=Kirill V. |last3=Gawryluk |first3=Ryan M. R. |last4=Belyaev |first4=Artem O. |last5=Mathur |first5=Varsha |last6=Karpov |first6=Sergey A. |last7=Zagumyonnyi |first7=Dmitry G. |last8=Borodina |first8=Anastasia S. |last9=Prokina |first9=Kristina I. |last10=Mylnikov |first10=Alexander P. |last11=Aleoshin |first11=Vladimir V. |last12=Keeling |first12=Patrick J. |title=Microbial predators form a new supergroup of eukaryotes |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7941 |pages=714–719 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05511-5 |pmid=36477531 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..714T |s2cid=254436650 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05511-5 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 8 December
  • University press release: Template:Cite news</ref>
  • 9 December
    • Researchers report the development of a blood test, Template:Tooltip, for Alzheimer's screening via levels of toxic amyloid beta oligomers with sensitivity and specificity of apparently 99%.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Shea |first1=Dylan |last2=Colasurdo |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Smith |first3=Alec |last4=Paschall |first4=Courtnie |last5=Jayadev |first5=Suman |last6=Keene |first6=C. Dirk |last7=Galasko |first7=Douglas |last8=Ko |first8=Andrew |last9=Li |first9=Ge |last10=Peskind |first10=Elaine |last11=Daggett |first11=Valerie |title=SOBA: Development and testing of a soluble oligomer binding assay for detection of amyloidogenic toxic oligomers |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=13 December 2022 |volume=119 |issue=50 |pages=e2213157119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2213157119 |pmid=36490316 |pmc=9897489 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11913157S |s2cid=254518036 |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}</ref> On 27 December, a separate study reports another well-performing blood test to detect Alzheimer's disease via biomarker brain-derived tau.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gonzalez-Ortiz |first1=Fernando |last2=Turton |first2=Michael |last3=Kac |first3=Przemysław R |last4=Smirnov |first4=Denis |last5=Premi |first5=Enrico |last6=Ghidoni |first6=Roberta |last7=Benussi |first7=Luisa |last8=Cantoni |first8=Valentina |last9=Saraceno |first9=Claudia |last10=Rivolta |first10=Jasmine |last11=Ashton |first11=Nicholas J |last12=Borroni |first12=Barbara |last13=Galasko |first13=Douglas |last14=Harrison |first14=Peter |last15=Zetterberg |first15=Henrik |last16=Blennow |first16=Kaj |last17=Karikari |first17=Thomas K |title=Brain-derived tau: a novel blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease-type neurodegeneration |journal=Brain |date=27 December 2022 |volume=146 |issue=3 |pages=1152–1165 |doi=10.1093/brain/awac407|pmid=36572122 |pmc=9976981 }}</ref>
    • Anti-aging research:
      • A study indicates that aging shifts activity toward short genes or shorter transcript length and that this can be countered by interventions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Stoeger |first1=Thomas |last2=Grant |first2=Rogan A. |last3=McQuattie-Pimentel |first3=Alexandra C. |last4=Anekalla |first4=Kishore R. |last5=Liu |first5=Sophia S. |last6=Tejedor-Navarro |first6=Heliodoro |last7=Singer |first7=Benjamin D. |last8=Abdala-Valencia |first8=Hiam |last9=Schwake |first9=Michael |last10=Tetreault |first10=Marie-Pier |last11=Perlman |first11=Harris |last12=Balch |first12=William E. |last13=Chandel |first13=Navdeep S. |last14=Ridge |first14=Karen M. |last15=Sznajder |first15=Jacob I. |last16=Morimoto |first16=Richard I. |last17=Misharin |first17=Alexander V. |last18=Budinger |first18=G. R. Scott |last19=Nunes Amaral |first19=Luis A. |title=Aging is associated with a systemic length-associated transcriptome imbalance |journal=Nature Aging |date=December 2022 |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=1191–1206 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00317-6 |pmid=37118543 |pmc=10154227 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|doi-access=free}}
  • University press release: Template:Cite news</ref>
      • A paywalled study reports higher percentage of daily energy consumption of ultra-processed foods, such as white bread or instant noodles, was associated with faster cognitive decline in aging. Differences can be as large or larger than a 28% faster rate of global cognitive decline (5 Dec).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gomes Gonçalves |first1=Natalia |last2=Vidal Ferreira |first2=Naomi |last3=Khandpur |first3=Neha |last4=Martinez Steele |first4=Euridice |last5=Bertazzi Levy |first5=Renata |last6=Andrade Lotufo |first6=Paulo |last7=Bensenor |first7=Isabela M. |last8=Caramelli |first8=Paulo |last9=Alvim de Matos |first9=Sheila Maria |last10=Marchioni |first10=Dirce M. |last11=Suemoto |first11=Claudia Kimie |title=Association Between Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods and Cognitive Decline |journal=JAMA Neurology |date=5 December 2022 |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=142–150 |doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4397 |pmid=36469335 |pmc=9857155 |s2cid=254245281 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/2799140 |url-access=subscription |issn=2168-6149|pmc-embargo-date=December 5, 2023 }}</ref>
      • Scientists report that sphingolipids accumulate in muscle during aging whose genetic inhibition or ceramide-blockers such as myriocin could counteract, reducing associated muscle loss (16 Dec).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Laurila |first1=Pirkka-Pekka |last2=Wohlwend |first2=Martin |last3=Imamura de Lima |first3=Tanes |last4=Luan |first4=Peiling |last5=Herzig |first5=Sébastien |last6=Zanou |first6=Nadège |last7=Crisol |first7=Barbara |last8=Bou-Sleiman |first8=Maroun |last9=Porcu |first9=Eleonora |last10=Gallart-Ayala |first10=Hector |last11=Handzlik |first11=Michal K. |last12=Wang |first12=Qi |last13=Jain |first13=Suresh |last14=D'Amico |first14=Davide |last15=Salonen |first15=Minna |last16=Metallo |first16=Christian M. |last17=Kutalik |first17=Zoltan |last18=Eichmann |first18=Thomas O. |last19=Place |first19=Nicolas |last20=Ivanisevic |first20=Julijana |last21=Lahti |first21=Jari |last22=Eriksson |first22=Johan G. |last23=Auwerx |first23=Johan |title=Sphingolipids accumulate in aged muscle, and their reduction counteracts sarcopenia |journal=Nature Aging |date=December 2022 |volume=2 |issue=12 |pages=1159–1175 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00309-6 |pmid=37118545 |s2cid=254819305 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-022-00309-6 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
      • By stimulating (or charging) genetically engineered roundworm mitochondria with light, researchers show that halting the decline in mitochondrial membrane potential can slow aging (30 Dec).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Berry |first1=Brandon J. |last2=Vodičková |first2=Anežka |last3=Müller-Eigner |first3=Annika |last4=Meng |first4=Chen |last5=Ludwig |first5=Christina |last6=Kaeberlein |first6=Matt |last7=Peleg |first7=Shahaf |last8=Wojtovich |first8=Andrew P. |title=Optogenetic rejuvenation of mitochondrial membrane potential extends C. elegans lifespan |journal=Nature Aging |date=30 December 2022 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=157–161 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00340-7 |pmid=36873708 |pmc=9980297 |biorxiv=10.1101/2022.05.11.491574 |s2cid=248815258 |language=en |issn=2662-8465}}
  • University press release: Template:Cite news</ref>
    • Researchers report the development of 3D-printed flexible paper-thin organic photovoltaics.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Saravanapavanantham |first1=Mayuran |last2=Mwaura |first2=Jeremiah |last3=Bulović |first3=Vladimir |title=Printed Organic Photovoltaic Modules on Transferable Ultra-thin Substrates as Additive Power Sources |journal=Small Methods |date=January 2023 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=2200940 |doi=10.1002/smtd.202200940 |pmid=36482828 |s2cid=254524625 |language=en |issn=2366-9608}}</ref>
  • 12 December – Scientists describe a new method to break up so-called "forever chemicals" by infusing contaminated water with hydrogen, then blasting it with high-energy, short-wavelength ultraviolet light.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chen |first1=Gongde |last2=Liu |first2=Sitao |last3=Shi |first3=Qingyang |last4=Gan |first4=Jay |last5=Jin |first5=Bosen |last6=Men |first6=Yujie |last7=Liu |first7=Haizhou |title=Hydrogen-polarized vacuum ultraviolet photolysis system for enhanced destruction of perfluoroalkyl substances |journal=Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters |date=1 November 2022 |volume=3 |pages=100072 |doi=10.1016/j.hazl.2022.100072 |s2cid=253432498 |language=en |issn=2666-9110}}</ref>
  • 13 December
    • The Newborn Genomes Programme is announced by the UK government. It will conduct whole genome sequencing of 100,000 newborns, the largest study of its kind in the world, to aid research into the diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic conditions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
    • In a major milestone for the field, scientists at the National Ignition Facility report a net energy gain in the development of fusion power.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
    • COVID-19 pandemic: A study finds that the BQ and XBB subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 are "barely susceptible to neutralization" by vaccines, including the new Omicron boosters. Key antibody drugs, Evusheld and bebtelovimab, are "completely inactive" against the new subvariants. This could result in a surge of breakthrough infections and reinfections, according to the study team, although the vaccines hold up against severe disease.<ref>they Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
    • A study systematically assesses advice given by professional general practitioners, typically in the form of verbal-only consultation, for weight-loss to obese patients. They found it rarely included effective methods, was mostly generic, and was rarely tailored to patients' existing knowledge and behaviours.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Tremblett |first1=Madeleine |last2=Poon |first2=Annabel Y X |last3=Aveyard |first3=Paul |last4=Albury |first4=Charlotte |title=What advice do general practitioners give to people living with obesity to lose weight? A qualitative content analysis of recorded interactions |journal=Family Practice |date=13 December 2022 |pages=cmac137 |doi=10.1093/fampra/cmac137|pmid=36510443 }}</ref>
  • 14 December
    • A WHO study comprehensively estimates excess deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021, concluding ~14.8 million excess early deaths occurred, reaffirming their prior calculations from May as well as updating them, addressing criticisms. These numbers do not include measures like years of potential life lost, far exceed the 5.42 million officially reported deaths, may make COVID-19 2021's leading cause of death, and are similar to the ~18 million estimated by another study Template:See above.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Msemburi |first1=William |last2=Karlinsky |first2=Ariel |last3=Knutson |first3=Victoria |last4=Aleshin-Guendel |first4=Serge |last5=Chatterji |first5=Somnath |last6=Wakefield |first6=Jon |title=The WHO estimates of excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic |journal=Nature |date=January 2023 |volume=613 |issue=7942 |pages=130–137 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2 |pmid=36517599 |pmc=9812776 |bibcode=2023Natur.613..130M |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}</ref>
    • Microbiome research:
      • Researchers report the discovery of a gut–brain connection in mice that regulates motivation for exercise and can enhance performance by augmenting dopamine signalling during physical activity.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dohnalová |first1=Lenka |last2=Lundgren |first2=Patrick |last3=Carty |first3=Jamie R. E. |last4=Goldstein |first4=Nitsan |last5=Wenski |first5=Sebastian L. |last6=Nanudorn |first6=Pakjira |last7=Thiengmag |first7=Sirinthra |last8=Huang |first8=Kuei-Pin |last9=Litichevskiy |first9=Lev |last10=Descamps |first10=Hélène C. |last11=Chellappa |first11=Karthikeyani |last12=Glassman |first12=Ana |last13=Kessler |first13=Susanne |last14=Kim |first14=Jihee |last15=Cox |first15=Timothy O. |last16=Dmitrieva-Posocco |first16=Oxana |last17=Wong |first17=Andrea C. |last18=Allman |first18=Erik L. |last19=Ghosh |first19=Soumita |last20=Sharma |first20=Nitika |last21=Sengupta |first21=Kasturi |last22=Cornes |first22=Belinda |last23=Dean |first23=Nitai |last24=Churchill |first24=Gary A. |last25=Khurana |first25=Tejvir S. |last26=Sellmyer |first26=Mark A. |last27=FitzGerald |first27=Garret A. |last28=Patterson |first28=Andrew D. |last29=Baur |first29=Joseph A. |last30=Alhadeff |first30=Amber L. |last31=Helfrich |first31=Eric J. N. |last32=Levy |first32=Maayan |last33=Betley |first33=J. Nicholas |last34=Thaiss |first34=Christoph A. |title=A microbiome-dependent gut–brain pathway regulates motivation for exercise |journal=Nature |date=December 2022 |volume=612 |issue=7941 |pages=739–747 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05525-z |pmid=36517598 |bibcode=2022Natur.612..739D |s2cid=254729201 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366275426 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
      • A microbiome-wide association study associates thirteen microbial taxa with depressive symptoms (6 Dec).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Radjabzadeh |first1=Djawad |last2=Bosch |first2=Jos A. |last3=Uitterlinden |first3=André G. |last4=Zwinderman |first4=Aeilko H. |last5=Ikram |first5=M. Arfan |last6=van Meurs |first6=Joyce B. J. |last7=Luik |first7=Annemarie I. |last8=Nieuwdorp |first8=Max |last9=Lok |first9=Anja |last10=van Duijn |first10=Cornelia M. |last11=Kraaij |first11=Robert |last12=Amin |first12=Najaf |title=Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms |journal=Nature Communications |date=6 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7128 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-34502-3 |pmid=36473852 |pmc=9726982 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7128R |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
      • Scientists report that and how – including transfer of mobile genetic elements and infant diet – the maternal microbiome shapes offspring gut microbiomes as fetus and infant (22 Dec).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Vatanen |first1=Tommi |last2=Jabbar |first2=Karolina S. |last3=Ruohtula |first3=Terhi |last4=Honkanen |first4=Jarno |last5=Avila-Pacheco |first5=Julian |last6=Siljander |first6=Heli |last7=Stražar |first7=Martin |last8=Oikarinen |first8=Sami |last9=Hyöty |first9=Heikki |last10=Ilonen |first10=Jorma |last11=Mitchell |first11=Caroline M. |last12=Yassour |first12=Moran |last13=Virtanen |first13=Suvi M. |last14=Clish |first14=Clary B. |last15=Plichta |first15=Damian R. |last16=Vlamakis |first16=Hera |last17=Knip |first17=Mikael |last18=Xavier |first18=Ramnik J. |title=Mobile genetic elements from the maternal microbiome shape infant gut microbial assembly and metabolism |journal=Cell |date=22 December 2022 |volume=185 |issue=26 |pages=4921–4936.e15 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.023 |pmid=36563663 |pmc=9869402 |s2cid=254961038 |language=English |issn=0092-8674|pmc-embargo-date=December 22, 2023 }}</ref>
    • A first global review summarizes scarce data on a likely largely declining "experience of nature" and nature-disconnection which prior studies suggest have impacts on health and proenvironmental behavior.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Cazalis |first1=Victor |last2=Loreau |first2=Michel |last3=Barragan-Jason |first3=Gladys |title=A global synthesis of trends in human experience of nature |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |date=14 December 2022 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=85–93 |doi=10.1002/fee.2540 |s2cid=254711457 |language=en |issn=1540-9295}}</ref>
    • A university reports on the first study (25 Oct) of the new privacy-intrusion Web tracking technique of "UID smuggling" by the ad industry, which finds it to be prevalent and largely not mitigated by latest protection tools – such as Firefox's tracking protection and uBlock Origin – and contributes to countermeasures.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Randall |first1=Audrey |last2=Snyder |first2=Peter |last3=Ukani |first3=Alisha |last4=Snoeren |first4=Alex C. |last5=Voelker |first5=Geoffrey M. |last6=Savage |first6=Stefan |last7=Schulman |first7=Aaron |title=Measuring UID smuggling in the wild |journal=Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference |date=25 October 2022 |pages=230–243 |doi=10.1145/3517745.3561415 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|isbn=9781450392594 |s2cid=250494286 }}</ref>
  • 15 December
    • Astronomers find that a pair of exoplanets orbiting the red dwarf star Kepler-138 are likely to be water worlds.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Piaulet |first1=Caroline |last2=Benneke |first2=Björn |last3=Almenara |first3=Jose M. |last4=Dragomir |first4=Diana |last5=Knutson |first5=Heather A. |last6=Thorngren |first6=Daniel |last7=Peterson |first7=Merrin S. |last8=Crossfield |first8=Ian J. M. |last9=M. -R. Kempton |first9=Eliza |last10=Kubyshkina |first10=Daria |last11=Howard |first11=Andrew W. |last12=Angus |first12=Ruth |last13=Isaacson |first13=Howard |last14=Weiss |first14=Lauren M. |last15=Beichman |first15=Charles A. |last16=Fortney |first16=Jonathan J. |last17=Fossati |first17=Luca |last18=Lammer |first18=Helmut |last19=McCullough |first19=P. R. |last20=Morley |first20=Caroline V. |last21=Wong |first21=Ian |title=Evidence for the volatile-rich composition of a 1.5-Earth-radius planet |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=15 December 2022 |volume=7 |page=206 |doi=10.1038/s41550-022-01835-4 |language=en |issn=2397-3366|arxiv=2212.08477|bibcode=2023NatAs...7..206P |s2cid=254764810 }}</ref>
    • News reports about the development (22 Oct) in China of an edible, plant-based ink derived from food waste, which could be used in 3D printing of scaffolds to reduce the cost of cultured meat.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Su |first1=Lingshan |last2=Jing |first2=Linzhi |last3=Zeng |first3=Xianjian |last4=Chen |first4=Tong |last5=Liu |first5=Hang |last6=Kong |first6=Yan |last7=Wang |first7=Xiang |last8=Yang |first8=Xin |last9=Fu |first9=Caili |last10=Sun |first10=Jie |last11=Huang |first11=Dejian |title=3D-Printed Prolamin Scaffolds for Cell-Based Meat Culture |journal=Advanced Materials |date=January 2023 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=2207397 |doi=10.1002/adma.202207397|pmid=36271729 |s2cid=253063461 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364640622%7Curl-access=subscription}}</ref>
    • Promising results of therapeutic candidates are reported:
      phase 2-trialed talquetamab against multiple myeloma (10&15 Dec),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Chari |first1=Ajai |last2=Minnema |first2=Monique C. |last3=Berdeja |first3=Jesus G. |last4=Oriol |first4=Albert |last5=van de Donk |first5=Niels W.C.J. |last6=Rodríguez-Otero |first6=Paula |last7=Askari |first7=Elham |last8=Mateos |first8=María-Victoria |last9=Costa |first9=Luciano J. |last10=Caers |first10=Jo |last11=Verona |first11=Raluca |last12=Girgis |first12=Suzette |last13=Yang |first13=Shiyi |last14=Goldsmith |first14=Rachel B. |last15=Yao |first15=Xiang |last16=Pillarisetti |first16=Kodandaram |last17=Hilder |first17=Brandi W. |last18=Russell |first18=Jeffery |last19=Goldberg |first19=Jenna D. |last20=Krishnan |first20=Amrita |title=Talquetamab, a T-Cell–Redirecting GPRC5D Bispecific Antibody for Multiple Myeloma |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=15 December 2022 |volume=387 |issue=24 |pages=2232–2244 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2204591 |pmid=36507686 |s2cid=254560960 |language=en |issn=0028-4793}}</ref> a phase 1-trialed HIV vaccine (2 Dec),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Leggat |first1=David J. |last2=Cohen |first2=Kristen W. |last3=Willis |first3=Jordan R. |display-authors=et al. |title=Vaccination induces HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans |journal=Science |date=2 December 2022 |volume=378 |issue=6623 |pages=eadd6502 |doi=10.1126/science.add6502 |pmid=36454825 |s2cid=254150150 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add6502 |url-access=subscription|language=en |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> mice-tested Pillar[6]MaxQ against meth and fentanyl drug overdoses (15 Dec),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Brockett |first1=Adam T. |last2=Xue |first2=Weijian |last3=King |first3=David |last4=Deng |first4=Chun-Lin |last5=Zhai |first5=Canjia |last6=Shuster |first6=Michael |last7=Rastogi |first7=Shivangi |last8=Briken |first8=Volker |last9=Roesch |first9=Matthew R. |last10=Isaacs |first10=Lyle |title=Pillar[6]MaxQ: A potent supramolecular host for in vivo sequestration of methamphetamine and fentanyl |journal=Chem |date=15 December 2022 |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=881–900 |doi=10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.019 |s2cid=254771195 |url=https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/62c6e4cffb638167e6cfeb36 |language=English |issn=2451-9294}}</ref> first approval of a trialed honeybee vaccine against American foulbrood (29 Dec),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Dickel |first1=Franziska |last2=Bos |first2=Nick Maria Peter |last3=Hughes |first3=Huw |last4=Martín-Hernández |first4=Raquel |last5=Higes |first5=Mariano |last6=Kleiser |first6=Annette |last7=Freitak |first7=Dalial |title=The oral vaccination with Paenibacillus larvae bacterin can decrease susceptibility to American Foulbrood infection in honey bees—A safety and efficacy study |journal=Frontiers in Veterinary Science |date=2022 |volume=9 |page=946237 |doi=10.3389/fvets.2022.946237 |pmid=36325099 |pmc=9618583 |issn=2297-1769|doi-access=free}}</ref> a mice-tested triple combination therapy against pancreatic cancer of immunotherapy medications undergoing trials as monotherapies (30 Dec).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Gulhati |first1=Pat |last2=Schalck |first2=Aislyn |last3=Jiang |first3=Shan |last4=Shang |first4=Xiaoying |last5=Wu |first5=Chang-Jiun |last6=Hou |first6=Pingping |last7=Ruiz |first7=Sharia Hernandez |last8=Soto |first8=Luisa Solis |last9=Parra |first9=Edwin |last10=Ying |first10=Haoqiang |last11=Han |first11=Jincheng |last12=Dey |first12=Prasenjit |last13=Li |first13=Jun |last14=Deng |first14=Pingna |last15=Sei |first15=Emi |last16=Maeda |first16=Dean Y. |last17=Zebala |first17=John A. |last18=Spring |first18=Denise J. |last19=Kim |first19=Michael |last20=Wang |first20=Huamin |last21=Maitra |first21=Anirban |last22=Moore |first22=Dirk |last23=Clise-Dwyer |first23=Karen |last24=Wang |first24=Y. Alan |last25=Navin |first25=Nicholas E. |last26=DePinho |first26=Ronald A. |title=Targeting T cell checkpoints 41BB and LAG3 and myeloid cell CXCR1/CXCR2 results in antitumor immunity and durable response in pancreatic cancer |journal=Nature Cancer |date=30 December 2022 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=62–80 |doi=10.1038/s43018-022-00500-z |pmid=36585453 |pmc=9925045 |s2cid=255330738 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43018-022-00500-z |language=en |issn=2662-1347|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
  • 19 December – A new world record solar cell efficiency for a silicon-perovskite tandem solar cell is achieved, with scientists in Germany converting 32.5% of sunlight into electrical energy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • 20 December – OpenAI releases Point-E, a machine learning system that can generate 3D models from text prompts (text-to-3D),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite arXiv</ref> similar to previously released GET3D<ref name="time3d">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Magic3D<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> by Nvidia and DreamFusion by Google.<ref name="time3d"/>
  • 22 December
    • A network model analysis suggests that temporary overshoots of climate change – increasing global temperature beyond Paris Agreement goals temporarily as often projected – can increase risks of climate tipping cascades "by up to 72%".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wunderling |first1=Nico |last2=Winkelmann |first2=Ricarda |last3=Rockström |first3=Johan |last4=Loriani |first4=Sina |last5=Armstrong McKay |first5=David I. |last6=Ritchie |first6=Paul D. L. |last7=Sakschewski |first7=Boris |last8=Donges |first8=Jonathan F. |title=Global warming overshoots increase risks of climate tipping cascades in a network model |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=January 2023 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=75–82 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01545-9 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13...75W |s2cid=255045153 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366520998 |language=en |issn=1758-6798|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
    • In a paywalled article, scientists provide 3D imaging and model analysis to reveal main causes, mechanics, and potential mitigations of the problematic prevalent lithium-ion battery degradation over charge cycles.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Zhang |first1=Minghao |last2=Chouchane |first2=Mehdi |last3=Shojaee |first3=S. Ali |last4=Winiarski |first4=Bartlomiej |last5=Liu |first5=Zhao |last6=Li |first6=Letian |last7=Pelapur |first7=Rengarajan |last8=Shodiev |first8=Abbos |last9=Yao |first9=Weiliang |last10=Doux |first10=Jean-Marie |last11=Wang |first11=Shen |last12=Li |first12=Yixuan |last13=Liu |first13=Chaoyue |last14=Lemmens |first14=Herman |last15=Franco |first15=Alejandro A. |last16=Meng |first16=Ying Shirley |title=Coupling of multiscale imaging analysis and computational modeling for understanding thick cathode degradation mechanisms |journal=Joule |date=22 December 2022 |volume=7 |pages=201–220 |doi=10.1016/j.joule.2022.12.001 |url=https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(22)00572-4 |language=English |issn=2542-4785|url-access=subscription}}</ref>Template:Additional citation needed
  • 26 December – Bio- and electrical engineers prove for the first time that human cerebral organoids transplanted into mice Template:See above functionally integrate with their visual cortex.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Wilson |first1=Madison N. |last2=Thunemann |first2=Martin |last3=Liu |first3=Xin |last4=Lu |first4=Yichen |last5=Puppo |first5=Francesca |last6=Adams |first6=Jason W. |last7=Kim |first7=Jeong-Hoon |last8=Ramezani |first8=Mehrdad |last9=Pizzo |first9=Donald P. |last10=Djurovic |first10=Srdjan |last11=Andreassen |first11=Ole A. |last12=Mansour |first12=Abed AlFatah |last13=Gage |first13=Fred H. |last14=Muotri |first14=Alysson R. |last15=Devor |first15=Anna |last16=Kuzum |first16=Duygu |title=Multimodal monitoring of human cortical organoids implanted in mice reveal functional connection with visual cortex |journal=Nature Communications |date=26 December 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=7945 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35536-3 |pmid=36572698 |pmc=9792589 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.7945W |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref>
  • 27 December – Scientists report that a species of Halteria, a single-celled protozoan, is the first known organism for which "a virus-only diet ... is enough to fuel the physiological growth and even population growth".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=DeLong |first1=John P. |last2=Van Etten |first2=James L. |last3=Al-Ameeli |first3=Zeina |last4=Agarkova |first4=Irina V. |last5=Dunigan |first5=David D. |title=The consumption of viruses returns energy to food chains |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=3 January 2023 |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=e2215000120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2215000120 |pmid=36574690 |pmc=9910503 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12015000D |s2cid=255219850 |language=en |issn=0027-8424|url=https://zenodo.org/record/7500012 }}</ref>

Awards[edit]

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Deaths[edit]

{{#section-h:January–March 2022 in science|Deaths}}

See also[edit]

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References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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de:2022 in der Wissenschaft und Technik

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